3349:(Vol. 2: H-P), ed. Robert E. Weir (ABC-CLIO, 2007), p. 571: "During the 1930s liberals, labor unions, white ethnics, African Americans, farm groups, and Southern whites united to form the New Deal coalition. Though never formally organized, the coalition was sufficiently cohesive to make the Democratic Party the majority party from 1931 into the 1980s. Democrats won seven out of nine presidential contests and maintained majorities in both houses of Congress from 1932 to 1964. The divisiveness of the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War, the increasing segmentation of the labor force, and waning influence of unions, and the relative weakness of Democratic Party leadership are among the factors that led to the coalition's erosion in the late 1960s."
733:
853:. In this context, "broad church" is largely synonymous with "big tent". In the 21st century, the party is often characterised as having a "small-l liberal" wing and a conservative wing, which frequently come into conflict with each other. The party has historically found strong support primarily from the middle-class, though it has in recent decades appealed to socially conservative working-class voters.
1350:. Then known as the National Revolutionary Party, it was founded with the intent of providing a political space to allow all surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution to participate and to resolve the grave political crisis that had been caused by the assassination of President-elect
1257:
and "post-ideological big tent" because its supporters do not share similar policy preferences, are split on major economic and social issues and are united largely based on "anti-establishment" sentiments. The Five Star
Movement's "successful campaign formula combined anti-establishment sentiments
2910:
Morena's star has risen so quickly because it offers refuge to such a wide range of beliefs and ideologies. The party has room for old guard supporters of Hugo Chávez and Fidel Castro, young leftist academics, former PRI leaders, evangelical
Christians, actors, athletes, and even the odd business
2940:
In a few months, he has assembled a coalition stretching from socially conservative
Christian evangelicals to admirers of socialist Venezuela and business tycoons, each with contrasting visions for Mexico. Dozens of lawmakers from across the political spectrum have switched sides to join Lopez
1296:. The party developed an intricate factional system to maintain co-operation and to ensure hegemonic success in elections. However, the party has seen some former factions defect or die out since the 1990s, especially the more moderate ones, which has led the party to shift overall towards the
2794:
The former main centre-left opposition, the
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), was Japan's version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a 'big tent party' for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two socialist parties to liberal and conservative
1006:(ARENA), a catch-all party representing the interests of the dictatorship, and MDB, formed to represent a wide-range moderate and less radical opposition to the dictatorship, without a clear program except the democratization of the country. Other Big Tent
1258:
with an economic and political protest which extends beyond the boundaries of traditional political orientations", but its "'catch-all' formula" has limited its ability to become "a mature, functional, effective and coherent contender for government". The
1358:
in office at the time. The party nationalized the petroleum industry in 1938 and the banking industry in 1982. In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right, such as the
1224:
are considered catch-all parties and are supported by people from different social classes and political ideologies. The two parties are usually described as being very similar in their current and recent policies, both being positioned on the
814:
rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-democracy platform. The alliance has been described as maintaining a big tent ideology, as the alliance did not support any one particular political position. Instead, it focused on strengthening
1307:, which existed from 1994 to 1997, was considered a big political party because it was created to oppose the LDP by people of various ideologies, including social democrats, liberals, neoliberals, Buddhist democrats, and conservatives.
1489:, which suffered massive losses as the hegemonic party of the right and thus contributed to the shift in Ciudadanos to the right. Similarly, Ciudadanos has allied with both the conservative People's Party and the far-right
786:
having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs. This is in contrast to other kinds of parties, which defend a determined ideology, seek voters who adhere to that ideology, and attempt to convince people towards it.
1517:, and it has been described by the media as a "big tent" party. An important aspect of its electoral success has been its ability to include a diverse range of political groups most notably in the form of the
3632:
Organisational Change in
Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat)
990:(MDB) is one of the oldest and most notable "Centrão" and Big Tent parties in Brazil; despite being Brazil's largest party, both in number of members and number of officials elected, it has never elected a
2293:...most Canadian governments, especially at the federal level, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy...
1477:. It has become one of the most recognisable catch-all parties in the history of the country. In the mid-2010s, however, the party's main ideology is perceived to have drifted towards the right, with
1118:, led by the former presidential candidate, sometimes referred to as "the Colombian Trump", has been described as a "catch-all party", although analysts agree that it belongs to a more or less
1453:, the party switched to a catch-all message to attract votes from the right to the moderate left in the party's appearance in the national political landscape. Its stance includes a mix of
3872:
Both major parties in the
Armenian parliament represent elite groups. With almost no ideology to speak of, they are catch-all parties, a phenomenon becoming typical in the modern world.
3009:
2675:
2765:
The initial period of party system change found its first culmination in 1996 when a new catch-all party, the
Shinshinto (New Frontier Party), got founded by Ozawa and others.
2263:
two historically dominant political parties have avoided ideological appeals in favour of a flexible centrist style of politics that is often labelled "brokerage politics"
2350:
Canada's party system has long been described as a "brokerage system" in which the leading parties (Liberal and
Conservative) follow strategies that appeal across major
4027:
Pallaver, Günther (2008). "South Tyrol's
Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality". In Jens Woelk; Francesco Palermo; Joseph Marko (eds.).
2115:
1279:
2924:
2495:
2889:
978:) is a term for a large bloc of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and whose aim is to maintain proximity to the
3765:
2911:
tycoon or two. In this way the party resembles the big tent of the PRI, which more than a guiding philosophy was guided by the administration of political power.
3578:
3679:
1318:(DPJ), was Japan's version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two
1193:
which is the ruling party of India since 2014 has made a successful coalition of diverse Indian communities of all caste, class and gender denominations. The
1705:
1584:
by those that support various other political ideologies and from various political positions. Since 2007, the SNP have been the largest single party in the
3079:
1791:
708:
2953:
2855:
2042:
3106:
1797:
761:
1382:, has often been described as a big-tent party because of the various constituents who joined its ranks during the 2018 Mexican general elections.
994:, but has used its position as the largest party as a "bargaining chip" for privileges and advantages. MDB was founded in 1965 at the start of the
881:
took the presidency in 2003, the party is considered as part of center-left coalition. It has divided into left-wing and right-wing factions, with
2367:
1418:
has been referred to as a catch-all party. Political analyst Radu Magdin described it in
December 2016 as having conservative values, while being
2002:
4148:
2729:
Five Star Movement: the protest party explained in charts: Direct democracy and rejection of binary politics brings success but stunts maturity
1526:
1027:
2518:
4111:
4061:
4036:
4011:
3982:
3839:
3804:
3735:
3708:
3663:
3613:
3554:
3527:
3498:
3469:
3437:
3386:
3056:
2992:
2838:
2709:
2612:
2583:
2554:
2399:
2343:
2316:
2286:
2256:
2223:
2196:
1694:
1166:
2056:
1354:
in 1928. Throughout its nine-decade existence, the PRI has adopted a very wide array of ideologies, which have often been determined by the
2451:
1542:
807:
1270:, on the centre-left, are considered to be catch-all parties and were mergers of political parties with numerous ideological backgrounds.
2778:
2070:
3273:
1773:
1514:
1482:
1115:
1109:
713:
2469:
1825:
1819:
1430:
1403:
1237:
in the 1920s eventually becoming Fine Gael and those who opposed the treaty having joined Fianna Fáil to seek an independent Ireland.
1174:
2028:
2865:
2758:
2645:
1732:
1650:
1603:
1593:
1415:
1387:
1339:
1170:
1379:
4143:
3927:
3571:
1936:
1836:
1761:
1738:
1615:
1285:
1015:
718:
1031:
1003:
995:
845:
in 1909. This ideological distinction has endured to the present day, with the modern Liberal Party frequently described as a "
4158:
3894:
1779:
1375:
1205:
which came into power in India in 1977, was a catch-all party that consisted of people with different ideologies opposed to
3034:
1968:
4133:
1682:
1522:
987:
369:
3883:
David Torrance, "Scotland's Progressive Dilemma," The Political Quarterly, 88 (2017): 52–59. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12319.
1493:
to achieve coalitions in regional parliaments. That has given rise to the expression "the three rights" or colloquially "
2897:
1198:
1077:
1073:
938:
754:
157:
4153:
1802:
1688:
1570:
1063:
934:
3751:
1755:
1150:
4138:
2812:
1830:
1677:
1566:
1399:
1304:
1085:
842:
834:
700:
1068:
At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two big tent parties practicing "brokerage politics." Both the
1976:
1814:
1506:
1486:
1485:, regardless of the results. Furthermore, some commentators argue that Ciudadanos was attempting to supplant the
1315:
681:
3187:
3083:
1947:
to satisfy the short-term preferences of a majority of electors who are not located on the ideological fringe."
1767:
1749:
1727:
1481:
admitting that it would not agree to form a coalition with the two main centre-left and left parties after the
1267:
1194:
1138:
1043:
418:
349:
31:
2089:
1347:
1808:
1577:
1383:
1259:
1069:
747:
373:
3928:"Serbian Compliance Patterns towards EU Integration under the Progressive Party: An Exercise in Statecraft"
1895:
1558:
1368:
1190:
1096:
parties have never gained a prominent force in Canadian society and have never formed a government in the
1080:) have attracted support from a broad spectrum of voters. Although parties such as the Quebec nationalist
979:
838:
609:
1529:. Additional interest groups in the party are members of the business community and traditional leaders.
1623:
1581:
1490:
1226:
1206:
903:
828:
651:
590:
545:
508:
364:
359:
344:
305:
133:
113:
3975:
The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study
2985:
The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study
1233:
ideology. The reasons for their remaining separate are mainly historical, with those who supported the
3161:
2248:
1351:
1230:
1081:
922:), with common goals to oppose Peronist parties. It is considered as part of center-right coalition.
898:
is an Argentine big tent political coalition. It was created in 2015 as Cambiemos. It is composed of
895:
646:
438:
245:
103:
83:
4080:
2807:
2351:
1853:
1589:
1585:
1518:
1470:
1450:
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1355:
1342:(PRI) held power in Mexico for 71 uninterrupted years, from 1929 to 2000. It was founded after the
1323:
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1263:
1097:
991:
915:
907:
899:
801:
686:
676:
671:
656:
636:
493:
315:
300:
175:
123:
2728:
837:
and its predecessors originated as an alliance of liberals and conservatives in opposition to the
2496:"La Justicia obliga a Rodolfo Hernández a debatir con Gustavo Petro ante el balotaje en Colombia"
2432:
1944:
1911:
1716:
1654:
1635:
1619:
1343:
1246:
1234:
1059:
882:
862:
641:
600:
535:
453:
265:
138:
68:
59:
4100:"New media and political protest: the formation of a public counter-sphere in Russia, 2008–2012"
2415:
Ambrose, Emma; Mudde, Cas (2015). "Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right".
2637:
4107:
4057:
4032:
4007:
3999:
3978:
3970:
3902:
3835:
3800:
3731:
3727:
Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation
3704:
3659:
3651:
3636:
3609:
3603:
3550:
3523:
3515:
3494:
3486:
3465:
3433:
3382:
3376:
3283:
2988:
2980:
2861:
2834:
2828:
2754:
2705:
2697:
2641:
2608:
2579:
2571:
2550:
2546:
Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation
2395:
2339:
2312:
2306:
2282:
2252:
2219:
2213:
2192:
2186:
2109:
1639:
1546:
1474:
1446:
941:
458:
433:
78:
43:
4099:
3827:
3794:
3725:
3698:
3544:
3457:
3107:"2019 Elections - ANALYSIS: Curiouser and Curiouser – the strange case of the 2019 elections"
2600:
2544:
2389:
2333:
2276:
3462:
Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems
2605:
Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems
2424:
2376:
First Past the Post in Canada has favoured broadly-based, accommodative, centrist parties...
2241:
1841:
1141:
has been described as catch-all party supporting the interests of the urban middle classes.
1019:
999:
889:
811:
595:
540:
522:
503:
488:
255:
190:
108:
3856:
3135:
2941:
Obrador's National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), a party that is not yet four years old.
1458:
1154:
878:
783:
737:
666:
661:
581:
555:
550:
530:
468:
428:
423:
50:
3953:
Party Responses to the EU in the Western Balkans: Transformation, Opposition or Defiance?
1847:
3403:
2857:
Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order
2130:
3316:
2954:"Morena, PT y PVEM presentan alianza 'Juntos hacemos historia' para elecciones de 2021"
2630:
2043:"Can the Liberal Party hold its 'broad church' of liberals and conservatives together?"
1901:
1880:
1868:
1722:
1710:
1699:
1580:
is possibly the longest-established big-tent party in the UK, with the goal of seeking
1550:
1221:
463:
413:
354:
220:
205:
3582:
3057:"Albert Rivera: "No vamos a pactar con el PSOE ni con Sánchez, les echaremos y punto""
1197:
attracted support from Indians of all classes, castes and religions supportive of the
732:
4127:
4081:"Junts pel Sí (Together for Yes): "We are all in, we've reached the end of the line""
3320:
3312:
3252:
3232:
3212:
2436:
1906:
1859:
1646:
1599:
1562:
1478:
1360:
1254:
1126:
1119:
1047:
1011:
870:
334:
250:
240:
4054:
Minority Rules: Electoral Systems, Decentralization, and Ethnoregional Party Success
3307:
David C. King, "The Polarization of American Parties and Mistrust of Government" in
1569:(Ashdown turned down the offer). The media often referred to Brown's ministry as "a
1386:
is a big-tent alliance led by the National Regeneration Movement that contested the
1935:
Brokerage politics: "A Canadian term for successful big tent parties that embody a
1916:
1885:
1785:
1538:
1510:
1466:
1438:
1327:
1250:
1202:
1035:
1023:
931:
846:
569:
448:
408:
403:
339:
320:
185:
2428:
874:
2278:
Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada, Fourth Edition
2156:
982:
in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through
4104:
Russia's Changing Economic and Political Regimes: The Putin Years and Afterwards
4004:
Southern European Socialism: Parties, Elections, and the Challenge of Government
2668:
1980:
1890:
1631:
1554:
1311:
1293:
983:
885:
850:
443:
393:
329:
325:
295:
230:
165:
3867:
3680:"Législatives : "Le parti d'Emmanuel Macron a un caractère attrape-tout""
1743:
1658:
1454:
1122:
959:
953:
290:
225:
215:
17:
3906:
3796:
Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development: Eritrea in the Twenty-First Century
3656:
Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective
3287:
2576:
Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective
2090:"PMDB volta a se chamar MDB: retorno ao passado para aplacar crise de imagem"
3278:
2750:
2003:"Armenian snap elections seen as the final chapter of the Velvet Revolution"
1319:
1289:
1217:
1089:
944:
forms coalition with a wide range of parties, thus being catch all parties.
627:
498:
270:
260:
180:
170:
3697:
Glenn D. Hook; Gilson, Julie; Christopher W. Hughes; Dobson, Hugo (2001).
3378:
The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party
2747:
Party Politics in Japan: Political Chaos and Stalemate in the 21st Century
3895:"Alex Salmond's big tent bulges as Tommy Sheridan lends voteless support"
3257:
3237:
3217:
1940:
1671:
1627:
1462:
1364:
1093:
1039:
919:
911:
866:
235:
210:
200:
93:
1262:
attracted voters in its early years from all of the political spectrum.
3770:
2854:
Kopstein, Jeffrey; Lichbach, Mark; Hanson, Stephen E. (July 21, 2014).
1177:(SPD) are considered big tent or catch-all parties, known in German as
816:
195:
4029:
Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights In South Tyrol
1939:
catch-all approach to appeal to the median Canadian voter... adopting
1898:, a rigid standard on a specific issue by which a politician is judged
1497:
to describe the grouping, which defines its opposition as "the left".
1469:
views on topics such as the criminal system and personal property and
1288:(LDP) had been formed as a big-tent party uniting groups ranging from
1630:
policies from the 1930s to the 1960s. The coalition brought together
398:
2519:"Colombia's Hernandez is offering a passive revolution from above"
2185:
Marland, Alex; Giasson, Thierry; Lees-Marshment, Jennifer (2012).
2157:"O que é o poderoso centrão, que pode definir o sucessor de Cunha"
3700:
Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security
3630:
2470:"Elecciones presidenciales en Colombia: la hora de la esperanza"
2071:"Centrão vive quarta encarnação, agora restrito ao fisiologismo"
1157:
has been described as a centrist party with a catch-all nature.
3491:
Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy
1153:
party (formerly La République En Marche!) founded by President
3652:"The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis"
2572:"The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis"
1602:
was a big tent anti-SNP electoral alliance that contested the
3360:
The conservative movement: Social movements past and present
2925:"Mexican leftist's 'big tent' pitch puts presidency in sight"
2335:
Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition
1653:
embraced the big-tent idea to the extent it ensured that the
3766:"El Salvador: "The President's Aim is to Concentrate Power""
1002:
by the dictatorship, in which the only allowed parties were
3274:"Galloway's bid to form united front to save Union shunned"
3080:"¿Se va Ciudadanos a la derecha? Sí, pero quizás no tanto"
1422:, and espousing left-leaning rhetoric on public policies.
849:", a term popularised by former leader and Prime Minister
3520:
Growth to Limits: Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy
2890:"Mexico 2018: How AMLO Took a Page from the PRI Playbook"
2308:
Parties, Polarization and Democracy in the United States
2779:"How Japan's Left is repeating its unfortunate history"
2452:"Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave"
2088:
Benites, Talita Bedinelli, Afonso (December 19, 2017).
30:
For items relating to or named for a big top tent, see
3971:"The selection of political party leaders in Portugal"
2981:"The selection of political party leaders in Portugal"
1634:, working-class voters, farm organizations, liberals,
3430:
The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country
3404:"Dilma Rousseff and Brazil face up to decisive month"
2676:
National Council of Educational Research and Training
2180:
2178:
1545:
in 2007, he invited several members from outside the
1249:, founded and formerly led by the comedian and actor
3451:
3449:
1465:
views on the legitimacy of its political opponents;
4098:Sventlana S. Bodrunova; Anna A. Litvinenko (2013).
2474:
Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social - UNLP
4031:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 305, 309.
2702:Politics in the Republic of Ireland: Sixth Edition
2629:
2628:Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012).
2240:
2057:"OP-ED: How the house of cards came crashing down"
1363:of state-run companies, closer relations with the
2745:Ronald J. Hrebenar; Akira Nakamura, eds. (2014).
3458:"The Europeanisation of the German Party System"
3381:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–221.
3370:
3368:
2601:"The Europeanisation of the German Party System"
2368:"Plurality-Majority Electoral Systems: A Review"
2029:"Divergent views vital to Howard's broad church"
1473:positions; and many problems by its own leader,
1406:(PSD) have been described as catch-all parties.
1280:Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
869:catch-all party, which focuses on the figure of
2394:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 55–60.
2281:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–23.
4002:. In Tom Gallagher; Allan M. Williams (eds.).
3973:. In Jean-Benoit Pilet; William Cross (eds.).
3489:. In Sharon L. Wolchik; Jane L. Curry (eds.).
2983:. In Jean-Benoit Pilet; William Cross (eds.).
1657:views would not be excluded from the majority
4102:. In Andrey Makarychev; Andre Mommen (eds.).
3857:"Armenian Elections: Technology vs. Ideology"
3579:European Union Institute for Security Studies
3035:"¿Ciudadanos es de izquierdas o de derechas?"
2700:. In John Coakley; Michael Gallagher (eds.).
2632:Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds
2391:The Canadian Environment in Political Context
755:
8:
4006:. Manchester University Press. p. 271.
3964:
3962:
3605:Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices
3487:"Poland: The Politics of "God's Playground""
3336:(University of Michigan Press, 2000), p. 84.
2833:. University of Toronto Press. p. 155.
2783:International Politics & Society Journal
2114:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1706:Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
1553:. They included former CBI Director-General
888:now dominating the party. Despite this, the
4075:
4073:
3830:. In Emilie van Haute; Anika Gauja (eds.).
3188:"ANC stability shakes SA's economic future"
2338:. University of Toronto Press. p. 17.
2305:Baumer, Donald C.; Gold, Howard J. (2015).
963:
819:'s civil society and economic development.
4000:"Southern European socialism in the 1990s"
3998:Gallagher, Tom; Allan M. Williams (1989).
3432:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
3010:"Pragmatism is a winner for Romanian Left"
2354:in an effort to defuse potential tensions.
1557:who became a Minister of State and former
762:
748:
574:
64:
38:
3752:"MORENA (National Regeneration Movement)"
3654:. In Rob Manwaring; Paul Kennedy (eds.).
3493:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 171.
2830:Class and Race Formation in North America
2808:"Meade, the King of the Mexican Sandwich"
2723:
2721:
2574:. In Rob Manwaring; Paul Kennedy (eds.).
2077:(in Brazilian Portuguese). July 29, 2018.
1525:; and the country's largest trade union,
4056:. Oxford University Press. p. 229.
3629:Mohammadighalehtaki, Ariabarzan (2012).
3456:Hertner, Isabelle; Sloam, James (2014).
3375:Sarah Elise Wiliarty (August 16, 2010).
3345:Holly M. Allen, "New Deal Coalition" in
2599:Hertner, Isabelle; Sloam, James (2014).
2215:The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics
2031:. Sydney Morning Herald. March 22, 2005.
1798:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
1792:People's Front for Democracy and Justice
1622:, which was formed to support President
3855:Iskandaryan, Alexander (May 23, 2012).
1960:
1928:
1437:) has been considered as an example of
122:
92:
67:
49:
3793:O'Kane, David; Hepner, Tricia (2011),
3186:Herskovitz, Jon (September 15, 2010).
2777:Spremberg, Felix (November 25, 2020).
2107:
1509:(ANC) has been the governing party of
3428:Newell, James L. (January 28, 2010).
3136:"A Political Opening in South Africa"
3129:
3127:
2704:. Taylor & Francis. p. 156.
2311:. Taylor & Francis. p. 152.
1969:"Definition of "big tent" in English"
1695:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1167:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
7:
3233:"The fallout from Brown's job offer"
3059:(in European Spanish). March 3, 2019
1543:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1445:since 2015. Originally founded as a
1253:, has been described as a catch-all
808:2018 Armenian parliamentary election
3969:Lisi, Marco; Freire, André (2014).
3893:Carrell, Severin (April 25, 2011).
2979:Lisi, Marco; Freire, André (2014).
2888:Schettino, Macario (June 6, 2018).
2247:. Oxford University Press. p.
2243:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction
2212:John Courtney; David Smith (2010).
2045:. The Conversation. April 10, 2018.
1483:April 2019 Spanish general election
1116:League of Anti-Corruption Governors
1110:League of Anti-Corruption Governors
782:, is a term used in reference to a
3650:Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot (2017).
3549:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 13.
3522:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 333.
3323:: Harvard University Press, 1997).
3162:"South Africa's Third Way revival"
3008:Păun, Carmen (December 13, 2016).
2570:Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot (2017).
1826:Social Democratic Party of Germany
1618:was a "big-tent" party during the
1515:first democratic election, in 1994
1461:, but the party has also embraced
1175:Social Democratic Party of Germany
25:
3608:. Cengage Learning. p. 379.
3402:Gallas, Daniel (March 29, 2016).
3362:, Twayne Publishers, 1993, p. 46.
3347:Class in America: An Encyclopedia
3309:Why People Don't Trust Government
2129:Deak, Andre (November 12, 2014).
1733:Institutional Revolutionary Party
1604:2021 Scottish Parliament election
1388:2021 Mexican legislative election
1340:Institutional Revolutionary Party
1171:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
3590:...GD as a catch-all movement...
3134:Campbell, John (July 18, 2017).
3105:Grootes, Stephen (May 5, 2019).
1739:Islamic Iran Participation Front
1642:, urban voters, and immigrants.
1573:" or simply "Brown's big tent".
1565:who was offered the position of
731:
2960:(in Spanish). December 24, 2020
2923:Graham, Dave (March 20, 2018).
2417:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics
1266:, on the centre-right, and the
1004:National Renewal Alliance Party
996:Brazilian military dictatorship
3799:, Berghahn Books, p. xx,
3253:"First 100 days: Gordon Brown"
2860:. Cambridge University Press.
2698:"Parties and the party system"
1780:National Regeneration Movement
1594:2007 Scottish general election
1376:National Regeneration Movement
1125:. That is to say to a type of
1:
4149:Political science terminology
3658:. Policy Press. p. 162.
3570:Ditrych, Ondrej (July 2013).
3272:Andrews, Kieran; Wade, Mike.
3213:"In full: Brown's government"
3160:Shoki, William (April 2019).
2578:. Policy Press. p. 162.
2429:10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033
2188:Political Marketing in Canada
1837:South Tyrolean People's Party
1683:Brazilian Democratic Movement
1606:but failed to win any seats.
1571:government of all the talents
1523:South African Communist Party
988:Brazilian Democratic Movement
3828:"Party Membership in Quebec"
3334:Feminists and Party Politics
3140:Council on Foreign Relations
3082:(in Spanish). Archived from
1199:Indian independence movement
1084:have elected members to the
1074:Conservative Party of Canada
3832:Party Members and Activists
3602:Barrington, Lowell (2009).
3581:. p. 4. Archived from
2669:"Political Parties - NCERT"
2498:(in Spanish). June 15, 2022
1803:Republican Party of Armenia
1380:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1064:Political culture of Canada
935:Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)
714:Political parties by region
504:Party convention/conference
4175:
3977:. Routledge. p. 124.
3864:Caucasus Analytical Digest
3730:. ECPR Press. p. 20.
3464:. ECPR Press. p. 35.
3037:(in Spanish). May 15, 2015
2987:. Routledge. p. 124.
2827:Russell, James W. (2009).
2636:. PublicAffairs. pp.
2607:. ECPR Press. p. 35.
2549:. ECPR Press. p. 20.
2191:. UBC Press. p. 257.
1567:Northern Ireland Secretary
1449:regional party opposed to
1277:
1114:In Colombia, the presumed
1107:
1057:
951:
843:Commonwealth Liberal Party
835:Liberal Party of Australia
826:
799:
701:Lists of political parties
29:
4106:. Routledge. p. 35.
3834:. Routledge. p. 50.
3703:. Routledge. p. 58.
3572:"The Georgian succession"
3460:. In Erol Külahci (ed.).
2603:. In Erol Külahci (ed.).
2366:Elections Canada (2018).
2163:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2137:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2096:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1977:Oxford English Dictionary
1815:Serbian Progressive Party
1774:National Liberation Front
1507:African National Congress
1371:and neoliberal policies.
1356:President of the Republic
1316:Democratic Party of Japan
1292:centrists to nationalist
709:Ruling parties by country
682:National unity government
3955:. Springer. p. 135.
3724:Karvonen, Lauri (2014).
3518:. In Peter Flora (ed.).
2543:Karvonen, Lauri (2014).
2239:Brooks, Stephen (2004).
2218:. OUP USA. p. 195.
1768:National Coalition Party
1762:Liberal Democratic Party
1756:La République En Marche!
1728:Indian National Congress
1286:Liberal Democratic Party
1195:Indian National Congress
1139:National Coalition Party
861:From its foundation the
719:Banned political parties
419:Leader of the Opposition
387:Leaders and organization
350:Parliamentary opposition
4144:Political party systems
3826:Cross, William (2015).
3543:O'Malley, Eoin (2011).
3514:Maguire, Maria (1986).
2275:Johnson, David (2016).
1820:Social Democratic Party
1809:Scottish National Party
1678:Austrian People's Party
1592:continuously since the
1578:Scottish National Party
1416:Social Democratic Party
1404:Social Democratic Party
1384:Juntos Hacemos Historia
1070:Liberal Party of Canada
1028:Social Democratic Party
998:as part of an enforced
4052:Lublin, David (2014).
3951:Stojić, Marko (2017).
3485:Jane L. Curry (2011).
2332:Smith, Miriam (2014).
1973:oxforddictionaries.com
1896:Purity test (politics)
1402:(PS) and centre-right
1369:free-market capitalism
1367:Church, and embracing
1191:Bharatiya Janata Party
1181:("people's parties").
1032:Social Christian Party
1016:Brazilian Labour Party
984:clientelistic networks
892:faction still exists.
839:Australian Labor Party
4159:Political terminology
3588:on 22 February 2016.
2450:Taub, Amanda (2017).
2388:Andrea Olive (2015).
1713:, Republic of Ireland
1624:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1582:Scottish independence
1521:between the ANC; the
1348:Plutarco Elías Calles
1346:by Mexican President
841:, beginning with the
829:Politics of Australia
652:Confidence and supply
509:Leadership convention
360:Official party status
316:Entrepreneurial party
27:Broad political party
4134:Political ideologies
3774:. September 22, 2021
3546:Contemporary Ireland
2696:Weeks, Liam (2018).
2135:Memórias da ditadura
2131:"Partidos políticos"
1983:on December 13, 2019
1945:electoral coalitions
1513:since the country's
1420:economically liberal
1231:liberal-conservative
1010:parties include the
896:Juntos por el Cambio
657:Consensus government
647:Coalition government
439:Parliamentary leader
246:Classical radicalism
3754:. January 21, 2018.
3166:africasacountry.com
2816:. January 11, 2018.
2735:(January 10, 2017).
1854:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
1691:, Italy (1943–1994)
1689:Christian Democracy
1590:Scottish government
1588:and has formed the
1586:Scottish Parliament
1519:Tripartite Alliance
1471:Spanish nationalist
1451:Catalan nationalism
1098:Canadian Parliament
916:Radical Civic Union
908:Civic Coalition ARI
900:Republican Proposal
802:Politics of Armenia
738:Politics portal
687:Rotation government
677:Minority government
672:Majority government
637:Parliamentary group
494:Leadership election
176:Christian democracy
4154:Political spectrum
3261:. October 5, 2007.
3192:The M&G Online
2894:Americas Quarterly
2517:Schneider, Aaron.
2456:The New York Times
2009:. December 4, 2018
1912:Syncretic politics
1717:Five Star Movement
1655:anarcho-capitalist
1636:Southern Democrats
1620:New Deal coalition
1344:Mexican Revolution
1305:New Frontier Party
1284:Historically, the
1247:Five Star Movement
1235:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1173:(CDU/CSU) and the
1060:Politics in Canada
883:left-wing populist
863:Justicialist Party
642:Divided government
536:Crossing the floor
482:Internal elections
454:Party spokesperson
365:Single-issue party
60:Political Spectrum
4139:Political parties
4113:978-1-135-00695-2
4063:978-0-19-994884-0
4038:978-90-04-16302-7
4013:978-0-7190-2500-6
3984:978-1-317-92945-1
3841:978-1-317-52432-8
3806:978-0-85745-399-0
3737:978-1-910259-33-7
3710:978-1-134-32806-2
3665:978-1-4473-3269-5
3637:Durham University
3615:978-0-618-49319-7
3556:978-0-230-34382-5
3529:978-3-11-011131-6
3500:978-0-7425-6734-4
3471:978-1-907301-84-1
3439:978-0-521-84070-5
3388:978-1-139-49116-7
3086:on April 25, 2019
2994:978-1-317-92945-1
2840:978-0-8020-9678-4
2727:Valentina Romei,
2711:978-1-317-31269-7
2614:978-1-907301-84-1
2585:978-1-4473-3269-5
2556:978-1-910259-33-7
2523:www.aljazeera.com
2401:978-1-4426-0871-9
2345:978-1-4426-0695-1
2318:978-1-317-25478-2
2288:978-1-4426-3521-0
2258:978-0-19-541806-4
2225:978-0-19-533535-4
2198:978-0-7748-2231-2
1941:centrist policies
1651:Libertarian Party
1640:African Americans
1576:In Scotland, the
1559:Liberal Democrats
1447:social-democratic
1137:The centre-right
942:20 Party Alliance
772:
771:
618:
617:
434:Political faction
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
4166:
4118:
4117:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4087:. July 21, 2015.
4077:
4068:
4067:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4024:
4018:
4017:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3861:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3635:(Ph.D. thesis).
3626:
3620:
3619:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3372:
3363:
3358:Paul Gottfried,
3356:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3324:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3241:. June 21, 2007.
3229:
3223:
3222:
3221:. June 29, 2007.
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3078:Orriols, Lluís.
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2896:. Archived from
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2742:
2736:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2635:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2372:Elections Canada
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:social cleavages
2329:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2246:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2059:. April 8, 2021.
2053:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1979:. Archived from
1965:
1948:
1933:
1848:Together for Yes
1842:Together for Yes
1674:, Czech Republic
1616:Democratic Party
1398:The centre-left
1314:opposition, the
1310:The former main
1268:Democratic Party
1086:House of Commons
1000:two-party system
980:executive branch
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
812:My Step Alliance
764:
757:
750:
736:
735:
575:
541:Party discipline
523:Party discipline
489:Primary election
345:Opposition party
256:Social democracy
191:Environmentalism
65:
39:
21:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3585:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3327:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2903:
2901:
2900:on June 7, 2019
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2733:Financial Times
2726:
2719:
2712:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2346:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2161:BBC News Brasil
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1877:
1865:
1831:Socialist Party
1667:
1645:After the 1974
1612:
1535:
1503:
1459:pro-Europeanism
1428:
1412:
1400:Socialist Party
1396:
1336:
1282:
1276:
1260:Northern League
1243:
1215:
1187:
1163:
1155:Emmanuel Macron
1147:
1135:
1112:
1106:
1066:
1058:Main articles:
1056:
975:
972:
969:
966:
958:In Brazil, the
956:
950:
928:
879:Nestor Kirchner
859:
831:
825:
804:
798:
793:
784:political party
780:catch-all party
768:
730:
725:
724:
723:
703:
693:
692:
691:
667:Hung parliament
662:Grand coalition
631:
630:between parties
620:
619:
614:
605:
586:
572:
562:
561:
560:
556:Party switching
551:Party-line vote
531:Conscience vote
525:
515:
514:
513:
483:
475:
474:
473:
429:Minority leader
424:Majority leader
388:
380:
379:
378:
311:Catch-all party
285:
277:
276:
275:
160:
149:
148:
143:
118:
88:
62:
44:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4172:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4090:
4069:
4062:
4044:
4037:
4019:
4012:
3990:
3983:
3958:
3943:
3919:
3885:
3876:
3847:
3840:
3818:
3805:
3785:
3757:
3743:
3736:
3716:
3709:
3689:
3671:
3664:
3642:
3639:. p. 176.
3621:
3614:
3594:
3562:
3555:
3535:
3528:
3506:
3499:
3477:
3470:
3445:
3438:
3420:
3394:
3387:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3317:Philip Zelikow
3300:
3264:
3244:
3224:
3204:
3178:
3152:
3123:
3111:Daily Maverick
3097:
3070:
3048:
3026:
3000:
2993:
2971:
2945:
2915:
2880:
2866:
2846:
2839:
2819:
2799:
2769:
2759:
2753:. p. 81.
2737:
2717:
2710:
2688:
2660:
2646:
2620:
2613:
2591:
2584:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2509:
2487:
2476:. May 31, 2022
2461:
2442:
2423:(2): 213–236.
2407:
2400:
2380:
2358:
2344:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2287:
2267:
2257:
2231:
2224:
2204:
2197:
2174:
2148:
2121:
2094:El País Brasil
2080:
2062:
2048:
2034:
2020:
1994:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Party of power
1899:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Bipartisanship
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:White Movement
1864:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1834:
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1736:
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1725:
1723:Georgian Dream
1720:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1700:Civic Platform
1697:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1665:Other examples
1663:
1611:
1608:
1551:his government
1534:
1533:United Kingdom
1531:
1502:
1499:
1495:El Trifachito"
1487:People's Party
1475:Inés Arrimadas
1427:
1424:
1411:
1408:
1395:
1392:
1352:Álvaro Obregón
1335:
1332:
1278:Main article:
1275:
1272:
1245:In Italy, the
1242:
1239:
1214:
1211:
1186:
1183:
1162:
1159:
1146:
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1134:
1131:
1108:Main article:
1105:
1102:
1082:Bloc Québécois
1055:
1052:
952:Main article:
949:
946:
932:Awami League's
930:In Bangladesh
927:
924:
858:
855:
827:Main article:
824:
821:
806:Following the
800:Main article:
797:
794:
792:
789:
776:big tent party
770:
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591:Dominant-party
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464:Shadow cabinet
461:
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451:
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431:
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414:Lead candidate
411:
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396:
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382:
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367:
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355:Party of power
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283:
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263:
258:
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221:Libertarianism
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109:Radical Centre
106:
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81:
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63:
58:
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51:Party politics
47:
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26:
24:
18:Big tent party
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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3342:
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3329:
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3322:
3321:David C. King
3318:
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3313:Joseph S. Nye
3310:
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3015:
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2975:
2972:
2959:
2958:El Financiero
2955:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2934:September 18,
2930:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2904:September 18,
2899:
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2884:
2881:
2869:
2867:9781139991384
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2760:9781317745976
2756:
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2647:9781610390484
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2217:
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2208:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2190:
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2167:September 24,
2162:
2158:
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2141:September 24,
2136:
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2111:
2100:September 24,
2095:
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2084:
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2063:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2008:
2007:Europe Elects
2004:
1998:
1995:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Popular front
1905:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1860:United Russia
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
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1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1788:, El Salvador
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
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1679:
1676:
1673:
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1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:Dallas Accord
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:United States
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:All for Unity
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:Paddy Ashdown
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
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1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:Albert Rivera
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:Spanish media
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:, founded by
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:privatization
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1255:protest party
1252:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1207:The Emergency
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1179:Volksparteien
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1127:extreme right
1124:
1121:
1120:authoritarian
1117:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
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1071:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
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1005:
1001:
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993:
989:
985:
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961:
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947:
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923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
891:
887:
884:
880:
876:
873:and his wife
872:
868:
864:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
830:
822:
820:
818:
813:
809:
803:
795:
790:
788:
785:
781:
777:
765:
760:
758:
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751:
746:
745:
743:
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729:
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688:
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608:
607:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
583:
580:
579:
577:
576:
571:
570:Party systems
566:
565:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
519:
518:
510:
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502:
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487:
486:
479:
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470:
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435:
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430:
427:
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420:
417:
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412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
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384:
383:
375:
374:International
371:
370:Transnational
368:
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361:
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353:
351:
348:
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327:
324:
322:
319:
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294:
292:
289:
288:
281:
280:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Republicanism
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:Progressivism
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
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177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
159:
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152:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
125:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
99:
98:
95:
91:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
74:
73:
70:
66:
61:
56:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
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4103:
4093:
4084:
4053:
4047:
4028:
4022:
4003:
3993:
3974:
3952:
3946:
3936:December 13,
3934:. Retrieved
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3899:The Guardian
3898:
3888:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3850:
3831:
3821:
3810:, retrieved
3795:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3746:
3726:
3719:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3674:
3655:
3645:
3631:
3624:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3583:the original
3565:
3545:
3538:
3519:
3509:
3490:
3480:
3461:
3429:
3423:
3411:. Retrieved
3407:
3397:
3377:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3332:Lisa Young,
3328:
3308:
3303:
3291:. Retrieved
3277:
3267:
3256:
3247:
3236:
3227:
3216:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3191:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3165:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3139:
3114:. Retrieved
3110:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:the original
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3013:
3003:
2984:
2974:
2964:February 22,
2962:. Retrieved
2957:
2948:
2939:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:
2918:
2909:
2902:. Retrieved
2898:the original
2893:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2856:
2849:
2829:
2822:
2813:El Universal
2811:
2802:
2793:
2788:November 19,
2786:. Retrieved
2782:
2772:
2764:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2701:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2631:
2623:
2604:
2594:
2575:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2455:
2445:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2349:
2334:
2327:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2242:
2234:
2214:
2207:
2187:
2165:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2134:
2124:
2098:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2051:
2037:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:the original
1972:
1963:
1931:
1917:United front
1886:Broad church
1786:Nuevas Ideas
1750:Labour Party
1644:
1632:labor unions
1613:
1598:
1575:
1547:Labour Party
1539:Gordon Brown
1536:
1511:South Africa
1504:
1501:South Africa
1494:
1467:conservative
1439:astroturfing
1434:
1429:
1413:
1397:
1373:
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3238:BBC News
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2653:April 7,
2528:June 30,
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