Big lie - Knowledge (XXG)

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opinions, teaching people to find common ground (e.g. love of family) even when belief systems are not aligned." Blanchard says that "preaders of the Big Lie will only be discredited in the eyes of their supporters if they face their greatest fear – accountability. ... They must be seen to lose at the ballot box, they must be arrested when they break the law, they must be sued for every defamation, they must be pursued with every legal tool available in an open society. ... Above all else they must be seen as weak. Only then will their lies lose their usefulness for the millions who once saw something to gain – personally, psychologically, politically, financially – in choosing to believe." Lee notes that when attempting to disabuse someone of a big lie, it is important not to put them on the defensive: "You have to fix the underlying emotional vulnerability that led people to believing it in the first place. For populations, it is usually the pain of not having a place in the world, which socioeconomic inequality exacerbates. Deprivation of health care, education, an ability to make a living, and other avenues for dignity can make a population psychologically vulnerable to those who look to exploit them."

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over – but integration of an idea in lots of ways. It builds its own little web of support." Such repetition can occur in the physical environment, according to Dr. Matt Blanchard, a clinical psychologist at New York University, who states: "Nothing sells the Big Lie like novelty t-shirts, hats and banners. These items are normally associated with sports teams, not life-and-death political issues. But Trump and his circle have deftly used these items to generate the kind of unbridled loyalty Americans associate with pro football. ... The banners and hats crucially add an air of silliness to everything. If I can buy a novelty hat about it, can it really be so serious? ... It's a genius mindf**k."

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truth. People assume there is an evidence base when the lie is big (it's like a blind spot). ... that there are people in our midst that lack empathy, have no care for the common good, are grandiose, arrogant, and willing to exploit and manipulate people for solely their own egocentric needs. ... a sort of halo effect imbues leaders with presumed expertise and power – when that is not at all the case (most if not all megalomaniacal leaders, despots, tyrants, oligarchs share narcissism/psychopathy as a trait).

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relationships that humans have with information. We don't truly 'believe' things, so much as provisionally accept information we find useful." Because of this, he states that "most people don't whole-heartedly 'believe' the Big Lie, but they are more than happy to provisionally accept it because... why not? It might be entertaining. It might flatter your identity. It might help you bond with other people in your community. Or it might help you vent some rage. ... 'elief' is always predicated on usefulness."

352:, Hitler and his propaganda minister accused them of profiting from the war, consorting with foreign powers and "war shirking" (avoiding conscription). Jews, Hitler contended, were the weak underbelly of the Weimer state that exposed the loyal and true German population to catastrophic collapse. To sell this narrative, Joseph Goebbels insisted "all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these in slogans until the last member of the public understands." 558: 756:, Fox News' internal communications were released, indicating that prominent hosts and top executives were aware the network was reporting false statements but continued doing so to retain viewers for financial reasons. On April 18, 2023, Fox News agreed to pay Dominion a $ 788 million settlement, described by CNN as the "big price" of telling "the Big Lie". Dominion is also suing two other TV networks, 40: 485:, which ponders the acceptance of lies for utilitarian purposes. The U.S. book asserts that Soviet leadership, "realizing that Communist totalitarian systems and secret police methods require a continuing menace as justification for their existence, decided to keep the ghost of Hitler alive ... as a means of dramatizing the continuing menace of Fascism", bolstering their military. 647:, and others also used the term "big lie" to refer to Trump's false claims about massive election fraud. By May 2021, many Republicans had come to embrace the false claim and use it as justification to impose new voting restrictions and attempt to take control of the administrative management of elections. Republicans who opposed the claims faced backlash. 1454:

hervorstechenden Intelligenz als vielmehr in einer manchmal geradezu penetrant wirkenden dummdreisten Dickfelligkeit zu finden. Die Engländer gehen nach dem Prinzip vor, wenn du lügst, dann lüge gründlich, und vor allem bleibe bei dem, was du gelogen hast! Sie bleiben also bei ihren Schwindeleien, selbst auf die Gefahr hin, sich damit lächerlich zu machen.

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But it remained for the Jews, with their unqualified capacity for falsehood, and their fighting comrades, the Marxists, to impute responsibility for the downfall precisely to the man who alone had shown a superhuman will and energy in his effort to prevent the catastrophe which he had foreseen and to

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Mr. Trump has outraged his political opponents and left even some of his longtime supporters shaking their heads at his mendacity. In embracing this big lie, however, the president has taken a path that often works – at least in countries without robustly independent legal systems and

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It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal untruths, and they would not believe others could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously. Even though the facts which prove this to be so may be brought clearly to their minds, they will still doubt and waver and will continue

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It was easier to dislodge untruths before social media. In social media, people tend to take public positions. When that position turns out to be wrong, it's embarrassing. And backing down is typically seen as weakness. So they double-down on untrue claims to save face and personal credibility. ...

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Repetition is important, because the Big Lie works through indoctrination. The Big Lie then becomes its own evidence base – if it is repeated enough, people believe it, and the very repetition almost tautologically becomes the support for the Lie. ... Hear something enough it becomes

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By January 2022, Republicans were taking actions to impose new voting restrictions and to take complete control of voting and the administrative management of elections, all while a large majority of Republicans continued to believe that the 2020 election had been stolen from them and asserted that

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If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use

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Usually, they are trying to find comfort and to avoid pain. ... This happens in states of lesser health, where one is less inclined to venture into new domains or to seek creative solutions. There is comfort in repetition, and so a people or a nation under duress will gravitate more toward what is

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There is nothing suspicious about winning the presidency with a smaller number of counties. Counties vary widely in size, with large urban and suburban counties – areas where Biden did best – housing far larger populations than most of the outer suburb, small town and

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Joseph Goebbels also put forth a theory which has come to be commonly associated with the expression "big lie". Goebbels wrote the following paragraph in an article dated 12 January 1941, sixteen years after Hitler first used the phrase. The article, titled "Aus Churchills Lügenfabrik" (English:

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All this was inspired by the principle – which is quite true within itself – that in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than

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So well has the plan worked that few people can now be found anywhere who are convinced that Hitler is dead. It is one more example of the fine art of falsehood and half-truth which the Germans under Goebbels perfected with such bewildering success. It is still another example of the dependable

1317:"Hitler's Biggest Lie; The Fuehrer's lies are legion and colossal; his biggest is that Germany was not beaten in 1918. Hitler may be planning to use that lie again. Whatever Hitler's purpose in taking up the lie of an undefeated Germany, the record of the collapse is clear. Hitler's Biggest Lie" 2992:

The disclosure that extremist Republicans dedicated to election subversion have formed a network was first revealed by Steve Bannon, Trump's former chief strategist in the White House who is spearheading a "precinct-by-precinct" movement to inject far-right activists into local elected office.

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His primary rules were: never allow the public to cool off; never admit a fault or wrong; never concede that there may be some good in your enemy; never leave room for alternatives; never accept blame; concentrate on one enemy at a time and blame him for everything that goes wrong; people will

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skills is necessary, stating: "It means ending algorithms that only provide confirmatory news and instead people seeing stories and information that provide other points of view ... creating safe spaces to have these conversations ... encouraging civil discourse with those who hold different

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Blanchard also notes that people assess information that has a direct impact on their lives differently than more abstract information with less proximity to them. He states that "the act of 'believing' is not just one thing that humans do. Instead, this one word represents a wide range of

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Das ist natürlich für die Betroffenen mehr als peinlich. Man soll im allgemeinen seine Führungsgeheimnisse nicht verraten, zumal man nicht weiß, ob und wann man sie noch einmal gut gebrauchen kann. Das haupt-sächlichste englische Führungsgeheimnis ist nun nicht so sehr in einer besonders

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The importance of repetition in the acceptance of the big lie is stressed by Miriam Bowers-Abbott, an associate professor of logic at Mount Carmel College of Nursing, who states: "What's especially helpful is repetition in a variety of contexts. That is, not just the same words over and

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The following supposed quotation of Joseph Goebbels has been repeated in numerous books and articles and on thousands of web pages, yet none of them has cited a primary source. According to the research and reasoning of Randall Bytwerk, it is an unlikely thing for Goebbels to have said:

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The essential English leadership secret does not depend on particular intelligence. Rather, it depends on a remarkably stupid thick-headedness. The English follow the principle that when one lies, one should lie big, and stick to it. They keep up their lies, even at the risk of looking

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Marchant disclosed the alliance on Bannon's War Room podcast. The revelation can only heighten jitters about the fragile state of American democracy. An NPR analysis of 2022 secretary of state races across the country found that at least 15 candidates have adopted Trump's big lie.

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On April 25, 2023, CNN reported that Trump had told a new lie about the 2020 election: "Trump pointedly noted that Biden got more votes than Trump in fewer than a fifth of US counties in 2020. Trump then said, 'Nothing like this has ever happened before. Usually, it's very equal,

2440:"Election deniers who say Trump won in 2020 are running to be top cop in 4 battleground states – At least 15 people who push false claims about the 2020 results are running for attorney general in 14 states, including four swing states, according to a group tracking the races" 2388: 829:

By early 2021, Trump and several prominent Republicans tried to appropriate the term "the big lie", claiming that it refers to other electoral issues. Trump stated that the term refers to the "Fraudulent Presidential Election of 2020". An opinion piece in the typically

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results that can be obtained by psychological strategists in totalitarian countries who can at will use the technique of the notorious 'Philosophy of the As If' in spreading gigantic lies. By such techniques, they are able to influence vast numbers of people to

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consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale falsehoods.

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To sow election doubt, Trump escalated use of "rigged election" and "election interference" statements in advance of the 2024 election compared to the previous two elections—the statements described as part of a "heads I win; tails you cheated" rhetorical

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to think there may be some other explanation. For the grossly impudent lie always leaves traces behind it, even after it has been nailed down, a fact which is known to all expert liars in this world and to all who conspire together in the art of lying.

801:. The judge wrote that CNN's statements were opinion, not factually verifiable statements, and that "no reasonable viewer" would infer that "Trump advocates the persecution and genocide of Jews or any other group of people". The suit was dismissed 706:

presented a detailed analysis of the continuing efforts by Trump and his allies to further promote "the big lie" and related lies in their attempts to overturn and influence future elections, including those in 2022 and 2024. On June 13, 2022, the

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or – but the winner always had the most counties.'" The statement was described as "complete bunk". Both "Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 and Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996, carried a minority of counties in each of their victories."

1182:"77 Days: Trump's Campaign to Subvert the Election – Hours after the United States voted, the president declared the election a fraud – a lie that unleashed a movement that would shatter democratic norms and upend the peaceful transfer of power" 984:

We are way too emotionally attached to being right. It would be better for our culture as a whole to value uncertainty and intellectual humility and curiosity. Those values help us ask questions without the expectation of permanent answers.

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as "the War of the Big Lie. The Lie that Ukraine doesn't exist. The Lie that Ukraine has no right to full sovereignty because it is a puppet state of the West. The Lie that A invaded B because C is to blame – the West, the

2295: 86:(1925) to describe how people could be induced to believe so colossal a lie because they would not believe that someone "could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously". Hitler claimed that the technique had been used by 2378: 1147:"The Art of the Lie? The Bigger the Better – Lying as a political tool is hardly new. But a readiness, even enthusiasm, to be deceived has become a driving force in politics around the world, most recently in the United States" 813:

The term has been used by prominent American right-wing figures to describe allegations that Trump's victory in the 2016 elections was the result of alleged collusion between his campaign and Russia. Former Attorney General

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On July 28, 2023, a federal district court judge dismissed an October 2022 Trump lawsuit against CNN, stating that CNN's multiple uses of the term "big lie" about Trump's claims of election fraud did not constitute

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released new testimony and a staff report according to which "we were only a half-step away from a full blown constitutional crisis as President Donald Trump and his loyalists threatened a wholesale takeover of the

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Scholars say that constant repetition across many different forms of media is necessary for the success of the big lie technique, as is a psychological motivation for the public to believe the extreme assertions.

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The lie is so big that it reorders the world. And so part of telling the big lie is that you immediately say it's the other side that tells the big lie. Sadly, but it's just a matter of record, all of that is in

458:... never to admit a fault or wrong; never to accept blame; concentrate on one enemy at a time; blame that enemy for everything that goes wrong; take advantage of every opportunity to raise a political whirlwind. 579:, as of June 9, 2021, former president Donald Trump had issued 132 written statements since leaving office, of which "a third have included lies about the election" – more than any other subject. 492:, Soviet historian Lev Bezymenski cites the initial announcement of Hitler's death by Nazi Germany as an example of the big lie, as it claimed him to have died while acting as a soldier in the line of duty. 4305: 4225: 711:

presented testimony that Trump knew he lost the 2020 election, but nevertheless promoted the false claim to exploit donors, and, as a result, raked in "half a billion" dollars. In the days following his

348:. Yet, in tragically ironic fashion, it was Hitler and his Nazi regime that actually employed the mendacious strategy. In an effort to rewrite history and blame European Jews for Germany's defeat in 2291: 938:

Psychologists, psychiatrists and others have explained why the big lie technique works. Dr. Ramani Durvasula, a licensed clinical psychologist and professor of psychology who is an expert on

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Durvasula, Blanchard and Lee agree that it is unlikely that a believer in a big lie can be persuaded through the presentation of factual evidence. Durvasula argues that improvement in

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contributor Edwin James asserted that Hitler's biggest lie was his revisionist claim that Germany was not defeated in war in 1918, but rather was betrayed by internal groups. This

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repeated to them than what is realistic. Adolf Hitler understood this very well, which is why the American psychologist Walter Langer coined the phrase to describe his method.

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they took away the weapon of moral right from the only adversary dangerous enough to be likely to succeed in bringing the betrayers of the Fatherland to Justice.

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Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler: With Predictions of His Future Behaviour and Suggestions for Dealing with Him Now and After Germany's Surrender

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repeatedly claimed that Jews held outsized and secret power in Britain, Russia, and the United States. It further spread claims that the Jews had begun a

4134: 4026: 1348:"1918 Germany Has a Warning for America – Donald Trump's "Stop the Steal" campaign recalls one of the most disastrous political lies of the 20th century" 2353: 414:

all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.

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repeatedly claimed that Jews held power behind the scenes in Britain, Russia, and the United States. It further spread claims that the Jews had begun a

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and that Trump was the true winner of the election. By 2023, major news outlets characterized Trump's claims as not merely falsehoods, but as lies.

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democracy was at risk of failing. Extensive press coverage indicated the Republican efforts themselves appeared to present a threat to democracy.

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stated their belief that "peddlers" of the debunked pamphlet made use of "the Hitler technique of the 'big lie'" not only as a means of promoting

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to enact voting rights legislation as "the left's Big Lie there is some evil anti-voting conspiracy sweeping America". Timothy Snyder observes:

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of Texas subsequently contested the election results in the Senate. Their effort was characterized as "the big lie" by then President-elect

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save the nation from that hour of complete overthrow and shame. By placing responsibility for the loss of the world war on the shoulders of

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examined Trump's promotion of "the big lie" for political purposes to subvert the 2020 election, and concluded that the lie encouraged the

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Rutenberg, Jim; Becker, Jo; Lipton, Eric; Haberman, Maggie; Martin, Jonathan; Rosenberg, Matthew; Schmidt, Michael S. (31 January 2021).

4300: 3703: 3510: 510: 2839: 4206: 3771: 1385: 659: 3988: 3601: 2411: 939: 644: 1633:(Report). U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act. 1964 2657: 5879: 4921: 4541: 3886: 1208: 844: 624: 2983: 2601: 1885: 5872: 5660: 4855: 4359: 3688: 3656: 3141: 2917: 2149: 1685: 892: 878: 655: 376: 150:. Herf further argues that the Nazis' big lie was their depiction of Germany as an innocent, besieged nation striking back at " 1085: 686:

discussed how Trump used "the big lie" to repeatedly make the false claim the election was stolen from him. On October 7, the

481: 5955: 5950: 4369: 4342: 4279: 3798: 2931:"Trump allies work to place supporters in key election posts across the country, spurring fears about future vote challenges" 2688: 2170:"Trump allies work to place supporters in key election posts across the country, spurring fears about future vote challenges" 1499: 2467: 1719: 1653: 818:

described those allegations as "a very damaging, big lie" that inhibited the administration's ability to properly deal with

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and deceived millions of people into believing that Dominion had stolen their votes and fixed the election." Separately, in

317:. Herf further argues that the Nazis' big lie was their depiction of Germany as an innocent, besieged land striking back at 2761: 4476: 4220: 4101: 3907: 3009:"UK MPs say China's Uyghurs 'suffering crimes against humanity and genocide,' as Beijing claims accusations are 'big lie'" 2943: 1289: 506: 442:

believe a big lie sooner than a little one; and if you repeat it frequently enough people will sooner or later believe it.

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Adolf Hitler first defined the Big Lie as a deviant tool wielded by Viennese Jews to discredit the Germans' deportment in

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became Trump's "Big Lie Lawyer", pressuring his colleagues in DOJ to try to force an overturn of the 2020 election."

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actually used the big lie technique that they described – and that they used it to turn long-standing

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Herf, Jeffrey (2005). "The "Jewish War": Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry".

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in damages, alleging that "he and his allies manufactured and disseminated the 'Big Lie', which foreseeably went

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notes that emotional reasons lie beneath the acceptance of outrageous assertions such as the big lie, stating:

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could be avenged (and reversed) by purging the German population of those purportedly responsible: the Jews.

187:. Later reports indicate that Trump knew he had genuinely lost the election while promoting the narrative. 5557: 5253: 4845: 4815: 4765: 4690: 4603: 4124: 4086: 4051: 3776: 3517: 3433: 2955: 2317: 2210:"'Evil takes no breaks': Warnings as Steve Bannon vows to take over America's entire 'election apparatus'" 310: 143: 139: 2870: 2549: 2090: 730:, filed four major lawsuits related to the big lie that Dominion fixed the election. From Trump's lawyer 5824: 5776: 5756: 5675: 5665: 5449: 5333: 4840: 4805: 4755: 4735: 4592: 4469: 4274: 4063: 3859: 3781: 3766: 3661: 3593: 3585: 3522: 3478: 3448: 3413: 3339: 1513: 1086:"The Big Lie | Definition of The Big Lie by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of The Big Lie" 1035: 831: 781: 692: 597: 468: 278: 1999: 5791: 5582: 5532: 5268: 5263: 5233: 5096: 4770: 4680: 4188: 3756: 3020: 3016: 2325: 237: 73: 179:

and his allies, specifically the false claim that the election was stolen through massive voter and

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on March 30, 2023, he repeatedly posted similar election-related commentary to social media.

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in describing Hitler's psychological profile. The report was later published in book form as

297:, the Nazis used the idea of the original big lie to turn sentiment against Jews and justify 5909: 5733: 5713: 5615: 5577: 5562: 5353: 5328: 5202: 5184: 5144: 5041: 4956: 4895: 4850: 4710: 4645: 4630: 3676: 3651: 3500: 3468: 3393: 3145: 1890: 1610: 1410: 739: 424: 333:, and used these to assert that Germany had a right to annihilate the Jews in self-defense. 246: 213: 168:, and used these to assert that Germany had a right to annihilate the Jews in self-defense. 97: 1886:"Trump's drumbeat of lies about the 2020 election keeps getting louder. Here are the facts" 1829:"'Morning Joe' Rips Trump for 'Firehose of Falsehoods' and 'Nazi-Like Propaganda' on COVID" 1430:"Many are worried about the return of the 'Big Lie.' They're worried about the wrong thing" 5899: 5884: 5829: 5650: 5426: 5273: 5248: 5213: 5056: 4785: 4284: 4071: 3835: 3671: 3483: 2500: 2472: 1120: 1040: 840: 795: 777: 679: 451: 380: 326: 302: 180: 161: 131: 105: 61: 2602:"With historic settlement, Rupert Murdoch is paying the price for Trump's election lies" 2550:"Trump lawyer Giuliani faces $ 1.3 billion lawsuit over 'big lie' election fraud claims" 1828: 1762:"Donald Trump campaign's 'firehose of falsehoods' has parallels with Russian propaganda" 5945: 5781: 5645: 5630: 5592: 5572: 5509: 5348: 5323: 5228: 5111: 5091: 5046: 5024: 4775: 4685: 4670: 4615: 4364: 4246: 3874: 3527: 3307: 3297: 3260: 3256: 2722:"Bill Barr: 'Big lie' about Russian collusion tied Trump's hands in dealing with Putin" 1587:. W. F. Heimlich (foreword). New York: The Booktab Press. pp. 131, 136, 138. 1494: 819: 802: 723: 683: 675: 640: 636: 605: 505:

Some U.S. Government officials believed that the technique continued to be employed by

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also plays a role in such emotional responses, according to Bowers-Abbott, who states:

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used the idea of the original big lie to turn sentiment against Jews and justify

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the truth long after the facts and circumstances have been authenticated.

1414: 900: 749: 616: 544: 337: 4561: 2468:"Jan. 6 Hearing Bombshells: Trump Knew He Lost – and Profited – HE KNEW" 1967:

Levine, Marianne; Otterbeing, Holly; Everett, Burgess (9 January 2021).

1209:"Trump Knew He Lost The Election Before He Decided He Didn't, Says Aide" 5834: 5819: 5703: 5338: 5106: 5036: 4780: 4091: 3962: 3381: 3354: 2132: 1524: 1377:

The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda During World War II And the Holocaust

896: 757: 356: 17: 2496:"Election Lies Help Trump and RNC Rake in Half a Billion – BIG $ $ $ " 173:

attempts to overturn the result of the 2020 U.S. presidential election

5761: 4906: 4875: 4531: 3106:"To win the war of the Big Lie, we must cancel Vladimir Putin | View" 3075:"U.S. raps China's Uyghur abuse as "genocide" in human rights report" 2964:"In Bid for Control of Elections, Trump Loyalists Face Few Obstacles" 2942:

Jennifer Medina; Nick Corasaniti; Reid J. Epstein (30 January 2022).

2658:"Fact check: Trump, in 2023, tells a new lie about the 2020 election" 851:. McConnell's office referred to a Democratic attempt to abolish the 539:

2020 United States presidential election § False claims of fraud

1809:"Trump's nonstop lies may be a far darker problem than many realize" 535:

Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud

1247:"Jan 6 panel pushes to link Trump to Capitol violence – a timeline" 5801: 5401: 4865: 4325: 3218: 2740:"Newt Gingrich: The true cost of the collusion lie | Opinion" 2576:"Fox News Moves To Have Dominion Voting Systems Lawsuit Dismissed" 2412:"How Trump's 2020 Election Lies – Have Gripped State Legislatures" 582: 564: 556: 423:

The phrase "big lie" was used in a report prepared around 1943 by

375: 282: 203: 116: 69: 38: 4226:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

2040:"Experts warn that Trump's 'big lie' will outlast his presidency" 1860:"Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone?" 1631:

Protocols of the Elders of Zion: A Fabricated 'historic' Document

5283: 3438: 2897:"Republicans Aim to Seize More Power Over How Elections Are Run" 2410:

Corasaniti, Nick; Yourish, Karen; Collins, Keith (22 May 2022).

2108:"Republicans Aim to Seize More Power Over How Elections Are Run" 1228:"Trump sought to lead armed mob to Capitol on Jan. 6, aide says" 509:

in the decades after World War II. In their 1964 report on

209: 87: 4910: 4565: 4453: 3819: 3640: 3574: 3271: 3229: 2918:"Wisconsin Republicans Push to Take Over the State's Elections" 2840:"McConnell's office knocks Democrats over 'the left's Big Lie'" 2168:

Gardner, Amy; Hamburger, Tom; Dawsey, Josh (29 November 2021).

2150:"Wisconsin Republicans Push to Take Over the State's Elections" 3142:"The psychological reason that so many fall for the 'Big Lie'" 3053: 2944:"Campaigning to Oversee Elections, While Denying the Last One" 2662: 2606: 1686:"Trump's Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024" 570: 475:

as an example of the technique, nodding to German philosopher

142: – and that they used it to turn long-standing 2354:"Prosecutors describe Trump's 'Big Lie' of a stolen election" 2238:"Trump's 'Big Lie' imperils Republicans who don't embrace it" 1016: – Latin phrase meaning "I believe because it is absurd" 2929:

Amy Gardner; Tom Hamburger; Josh Dawsey (29 November 2021).

2871:"The clear and present danger of Trump's enduring 'Big Lie'" 2524:"Trump's Response To Criminal Charges Revives Election Lies" 2126:

Reid, Tim; Layne, Nathan; Lange, Jason (22 September 2021).

2091:"The clear and present danger of Trump's enduring 'Big Lie'" 1943:"21 Donald Trump election lies listed in his new indictment" 236:(part of a single paragraph in both the German original and 2976:"Trump's Big Lie is changing the face of American politics" 2190:"Trump's Big Lie is changing the face of American politics" 1674:

Similar graphic in source attributed to Janie Boschma, CNN.

471:

describes the infectious Soviet disinformation concerning

2909:"GOP lawmakers seek greater control over local elections" 2522:

Price, Michelle L.; Riccardi, Nicholas (10 April 2023).

1380:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 211. 602:

attempts to overturn the 2020 U.S. presidential election

2689:"Judge dismisses Trump's 'Big Lie' lawsuit against CNN" 805:, meaning Trump could not sue again on the same basis. 340:

historian Zachary Jonathan Jacobson describes its use:

183:. The scale of the claims resulted in Trump supporters 2262:

Rosenberg, Matthew; Rutenberg, Jim (1 February 2021).

513:

first published in Russia in 1903, the members of the

3623:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

1451:. Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. pp. 364–369. 4492:

Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

2682: 2680: 1914:"Fact-Checking the Breadth of Trump's Election Lies" 1226:

Mike DeBonis and Jacqueline Alemany (28 June 2022).

68:) is a gross distortion or misrepresentation of the 46:

in the early 1920s, about the time he began writing

5855: 5800: 5732: 5674: 5606: 5523: 5440: 5392: 5282: 5193: 5120: 5010: 4944: 4420: 4408: 4293: 4239: 4213: 4201: 4115: 4062: 4050: 4019: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3940: 3914: 3902: 3842: 3830: 3732: 709:

U.S. House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

592:During his political career, former U.S. president 359:

hinged on creating one streamlined, overarching lie

3595:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 1853: 1851: 1781: 822:, a sentiment also echoed by Former House Speaker 600:and big lie propaganda techniques. To support his 171:In the 21st century, the term has been applied to 4147:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 3699:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 847:opposition to what were new and more restrictive 596:has employed what have been characterized as the 391:"From Churchill's Lie Factory") was published in 4042:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 2755: 2753: 2574:Folkenflik, David; Romo, Vanessa (18 May 2021). 1583:Moore, Herbert; Barrett, James W., eds. (1947). 843:and Newt Gingrich, referred to "the big lie" as 2762:"Conservatives try to commandeer 'the big lie'" 2384:United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary 1341: 1339: 786: 411: 396: 342: 281:was spread by right-wing groups, including the 242: 1684:Yourish, Karen; Smart, Charlie (24 May 2024). 1175: 1173: 1140: 1138: 549:False or misleading statements by Donald Trump 226:Hitler's definition is given in Chapter 10 of 140:used the big lie technique that they described 4922: 4577: 4355:Election denial movement in the United States 3241: 3209:Video (18:49): "Inside Trump's Election Plot" 2548:Wolfe, Jan; Heavey, Susan (25 January 2021). 1969:"Election gambit blows up on Hawley and Cruz" 1560:. Office of Strategic Services. p. 219. 1555:"Analysis of the Personality of Adolf Hitler" 446:A somewhat similar quote appears in the 1943 8: 1783:"What magic teaches us about misinformation" 1245:Harb, Ali; Glasse, Jennifer (12 July 2022). 1517:"A Psychological Analysis of Adolph Hitler" 1503:, Vol. 78, No. 2 (Apr., 1973), pp. 394–401. 1165:news media along with other reality checks. 745:Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network 4929: 4915: 4907: 4584: 4570: 4562: 4450: 4059: 4027:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 3827: 3816: 3729: 3637: 3571: 3268: 3248: 3234: 3226: 1428:Jacobson, Zachary Jonathan (21 May 2018). 809:21st-century use by American conservatives 764:, for $ 1.6 billion each, as well as 658:. The attack was cited in a resolution to 216:was responsible for the country's loss in 76:. The German expression was first used by 528: 4380:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 2188:Collinson, Stephen (16 September 2021). 1740:"Why obvious lies make great propaganda" 529:Donald Trump's lies of a stolen election 437:in 1972. Langer stated of the dictator: 4179:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 1077: 154:", which the Nazis blamed for starting 4306:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 4097:Soviet influence on the peace movement 3694:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 2058:Castronuovo, Celine (8 January 2021). 1827:Ellefson, Lindsey (17 December 2020). 321:, which the Nazis blamed for starting 212:had spread the "big lie" that General 4031:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 2916:Epstein, Reid J. (19 November 2021). 1794:from the original on 10 December 2022 919:European Council on Foreign Relations 635:of Pennyslvania, scholars of fascism 523:American fears of Communist influence 515:Senate Internal Security Subcommittee 7: 2850:from the original on 10 January 2022 2838:Schnell, Mychael (10 January 2022). 2298:from the original on 11 January 2021 2208:Graziosi, Graig (21 December 2021). 2148:Epstein, Reid J. (9 November 2021). 1564:from the original on 11 January 2021 1447:Goebbels, Joseph (12 January 1941). 1346:Bittner, Jochen (30 November 2020). 839:, as well as Republican politicians 419:U.S. psychological profile of Hitler 331:war of extermination against Germany 166:war of extermination against Germany 4301:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 3511:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 2869:Block, Melissa (23 December 2021). 2494:Markay, Lachlan (3 December 2020). 2391:from the original on 7 October 2021 2089:Block, Melissa (23 December 2021). 1998:Ben-Ghiat, Ruth (25 January 2021). 1718:Stelter, Brian (30 November 2020). 1145:Higgins, Andrew (10 January 2021). 185:attacking the United States Capitol 3772:Misinformation related to abortion 3140:Rozsa, Matthew (February 3, 2021) 2911:. Associated Press. 20 April 2021. 2895:Corasaniti, Nick (24 March 2021). 2352:Thrush, Glenn (10 February 2021). 2106:Corasaniti, Nick (24 March 2021). 2038:Stelter, Brian (11 January 2021). 2018:Snyder, Timothy (9 January 2021). 1858:Block, Melissa (16 January 2021). 1760:Zappone, Chris (12 October 2016). 748:it sought $ 1.6 billion from 511:a fabricated antisemitic text 25: 3989:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 3602:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 2701:from the original on 29 July 2023 2290:Naylor, Brian (11 January 2021). 1807:Clifton, Denise (3 August 2017). 1664:from the original on 16 June 2021 1315:James, Edwin L. (11 April 1943). 1292:from the original on 24 July 2008 940:narcissistic personality disorder 849:voter identification requirements 4542:United States Information Agency 3821:Operations and events by country 3198:The Big Lie and Its Consequences 3104:Wilson, Andrew (11 March 2022). 2812:Bowden, John (11 January 2019). 2628:Ivanova, Irina (19 April 2023). 1696:from the original on 24 May 2024 664:Trump's second impeachment trial 507:antisemitic conspiracy theorists 5573:Party platforms (or manifestos) 4142:Information war against Ukraine 3689:International Jewish conspiracy 3657:Congo Free State propaganda war 2720:Nelson, Joshua (9 March 2022). 2600:Darcy, Oliver (19 April 2023). 2466:Pagliery, Jose (13 June 2022). 2236:Woodward, Calvin (9 May 2021). 1884:Yoon, Robert (27 August 2023). 1738:Maza, Carlos (31 August 2018). 1288:. Translated by Murphy, James. 1282:Hitler, Adolf (21 March 1939). 879:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 660:impeach Trump for a second time 656:2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol 4370:Information Operations Roadmap 4280:Psychological Warfare Division 3850:Chinese information operations 3799:Water fluoridation controversy 3149:. Retrieved February 11, 2022. 3007:Pheby, James (23 April 2021). 2687:Zhang, Andrew (29 July 2023). 2656:Dale, Daniel (25 April 2023). 1500:The American Historical Review 1403:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 930:, the USA's global hegemony." 893:committing human rights abuses 789:rural counties that Trump won. 482:The Philosophy of 'As if' 72:primarily used as a political 1: 4477:Active Measures Working Group 4135:during the Russo-Georgian War 4102:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 3187:"Analysis of Nazi Propaganda" 2760:Blake, Aaron (5 April 2021). 2438:Edelman, Adam (22 May 2022). 1912:Qiu, Linda (17 August 2023). 1652:Dale, Daniel (12 June 2021). 1090:Lexico Dictionaries | English 726:to many jurisdictions in the 383:, the head of Nazi Germany's 5661:Rally 'round the flag effect 4856:Rally 'round the flag effect 4731:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 4360:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 4037:Fake news in the Philippines 3409:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 2786:Morgan, David (3 May 2021). 2331:117th United States Congress 1528:. p. 46. Archived from 429:Office of Strategic Services 195:Uses related to Nazi Germany 4487:Counter Misinformation Team 4482:Counter disinformation unit 3932:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 3419:Forgery as covert operation 1780:Harford, Tim (6 May 2021). 1617:Harcourt, Brace & World 923:Russian invasion of Ukraine 490:his controversial 1968 book 371: 199: 90:to blame Germany's loss in 5977: 4497:The Disinformation Project 3927:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 3283:Algorithmic radicalization 3189:by Karthik Narayanaswami ( 3167:. London: Evans Brothers. 3163:Baker White, John (1955). 1615:(1st ed.). New York: 910: 876: 688:Senate Judiciary Committee 542: 532: 29: 5002:Manipulation (psychology) 4599: 4460: 4449: 4414:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 4390:Tobacco industry playbook 4321:CIA Kennedy assassination 3826: 3815: 3647: 3636: 3581: 3570: 3454:Manipulation (psychology) 3278: 3267: 2978:. CNN. 16 September 2021. 1766:The Sydney Morning Herald 1612:The Death of Adolf Hitler 1472:German Propaganda Archive 1466:Bytwerk, Randall (2008). 883:Xinjiang internment camps 780:, a senior fellow at the 643:, Russian affairs expert 289:In enacting the Holocaust 5180:Criticism of advertising 4502:East StratCom Task Force 4316:9/11 conspiracy theories 3313:List of cognitive biases 1572:– via archive.org. 1492:Hitler and Psychohistory 772:for $ 1.2 billion. 762:One America News Network 467:A 1947 U.S. book on the 434:The Mind of Adolf Hitler 104:political leader in the 32:Big Lie (disambiguation) 5842:Promotional merchandise 5553:Character assassination 5490:Narcotizing dysfunction 5364:Photograph manipulation 5077:Guerrilla communication 4661:Cartographic propaganda 4428:Public opinion brigades 4385:Niger uranium forgeries 4375:Litter boxes in schools 3745:COVID-19 misinformation 3667:Free energy suppression 3576:Books and documentaries 3350:Euphemistic misspeaking 2873:. National Public Radio 2093:. National Public Radio 1468:"False Nazi Quotations" 1116:"Definition of Big Lie" 720:Dominion Voting Systems 553:Donald Trump's rhetoric 393:Die Zeit ohne Beispiel: 293:According to historian 111:According to historian 5825:Product demonstrations 5254:Historical negationism 4846:Propaganda of the deed 4816:New generation warfare 4766:Historical negationism 4604:Accusation in a mirror 4174:2016 Brexit referendum 3523:Scientific fabrication 3434:Historical negationism 2958:. NPR. 3 January 2022. 1449:Die Zeit ohne Beispiel 1374:Herf, Jeffrey (2006). 986: 974: 953: 866: 791: 589: 580: 562: 521:, but also to exploit 473:his purported survival 460: 444: 427:for the United States 416: 401: 387: 385:Ministry of Propaganda 372:Goebbels's description 369: 311:antisemitism in Europe 301:. Herf maintains that 269: 223: 144:antisemitism in Europe 123:. Herf maintains that 100:, who was a prominent 65: 53: 5956:Views on Adolf Hitler 5951:Propaganda techniques 5757:Reputation management 5676:Psychological warfare 5525:Political campaigning 5334:Firehose of falsehood 4841:Psychological warfare 4806:Monumental propaganda 4756:Glittering generality 4736:Firehose of falsehood 4593:Propaganda techniques 4470:Fact-checking website 4275:Operation Mass Appeal 4257:Clockwork Orange plot 3767:Mental illness denial 3662:Climate change denial 3479:Psychological warfare 3449:Internet manipulation 3414:Firehose of falsehood 3340:Disinformation attack 3079:english.kyodonews.net 1036:Illusory truth effect 981: 969: 948: 917:Andrew Wilson of the 877:Further information: 857: 782:Brookings Institution 693:Department of Justice 666:, the house managers 598:firehose of falsehood 586: 568: 560: 533:Further information: 469:death of Adolf Hitler 462: 456: 439: 379: 279:stab-in-the-back myth 207: 42: 5792:Corporate propaganda 4681:Demonizing the enemy 3609:Who's Who in the CIA 3021:Agence France-Presse 3017:Hong Kong Free Press 2326:Congressional Record 2020:"The American Abyss" 208:Hitler claimed that 200:Hitler's description 74:propaganda technique 30:For other uses, see 27:Propaganda technique 5880:Media concentration 5752:Non-apology apology 5742:Cult of personality 5470:Emotive conjugation 5224:Burying of scholars 4871:Shooting and crying 4701:Emotive conjugation 4676:Cult of personality 4626:Atrocity propaganda 4311:Conspiracy theories 4252:Double-Cross System 4221:Conspiracy theories 4082:Operation INFEKTION 3870:Internet Water Army 3724:Strategy of tension 3589:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 3474:Post-truth politics 3044:(28 January 2022). 2990:. 13 January 2022. 2970:. 15 December 2021. 2935:The Washington Post 2766:The Washington Post 2174:The Washington Post 1434:The Washington Post 1232:The Washington Post 1051:Post-truth politics 1014:Credo quia absurdum 913:Russo-Ukrainian War 907:Russo-Ukrainian War 891:has falsely denied 889:Government of China 836:Wall Street Journal 728:2020 U.S. elections 519:antisemitic canards 319:international Jewry 152:international Jewry 5863:Influence-for-hire 5656:National mythology 5626:Crowd manipulation 5515:Tabloid journalism 5384:Video manipulation 5329:Fictitious entries 5052:Civil disobedience 4938:Media manipulation 4831:Oversimplification 4811:Moralistic fallacy 4207:HIV/AIDS denialism 4184:Trolls from Olgino 3958:Paid news in India 3948:Fake news in India 3762:HIV/AIDS denialism 3616:Merchants of Doubt 3489:Military deception 3464:Media manipulation 3303:Circular reporting 3191:Harvard University 2948:The New York Times 2922:The New York Times 2901:The New York Times 2891:Multiple sources: 2417:The New York Times 2387:. 7 October 2021. 2358:The New York Times 2333:. 10 February 2021 2269:The New York Times 2154:The New York Times 2112:The New York Times 2085:Multiple sources: 2024:The New York Times 1994:Multiple sources: 1918:The New York Times 1714:Multiple sources: 1690:The New York Times 1585:Who Killed Hitler? 1415:10.1093/hgs/dci003 1353:The New York Times 1322:The New York Times 1187:The New York Times 1152:The New York Times 1096:on 22 January 2021 944:narcissistic abuse 704:The New York Times 652:The New York Times 590: 581: 563: 388: 274:The New York Times 224: 96:on German general 54: 5918: 5917: 5684:Airborne leaflets 5563:Election promises 5417:Product placement 5292:Alternative facts 5032:Alternative media 4904: 4903: 4796:Managing the news 4621:Appeal to emotion 4559: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4395:Operation Shocker 4197: 4196: 4077:K-1000 battleship 3908:Operation Neptune 3811: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3632: 3631: 3566: 3565: 3558:Yellow journalism 3506:counterpropaganda 3387:List of fallacies 3320:Conspiracy theory 3288:Alternative facts 3202:Project Syndicate 1941:(3 August 2023). 1619:. pp. 68–69. 1514:Langer, Walter C. 1302:Project Gutenberg 1265:"What Trump Knew" 1251:www.aljazeera.com 990:critical thinking 928:expansion of NATO 734:, Dominion seeks 722:, which provided 404:Alleged quotation 240:'s translation): 16:(Redirected from 5968: 5931:1920s neologisms 5910:Media proprietor 5734:Public relations 5714:Public diplomacy 5699:Information (IT) 5578:Name recognition 5203:Media regulation 5185:Annoyance factor 5042:Call-out culture 4957:Crowd psychology 4931: 4924: 4917: 4908: 4896:White propaganda 4851:Public relations 4826:Overcomplication 4711:False accusation 4646:Black propaganda 4636:Beautiful people 4631:Bandwagon effect 4586: 4579: 4572: 4563: 4451: 4270:MMR autism fraud 4153:On US elections 4087:Operation Toucan 4060: 3828: 3817: 3782:anti-vaccination 3730: 3677:Holocaust denial 3652:Bermuda Triangle 3638: 3572: 3501:black propaganda 3469:Potemkin village 3394:False accusation 3370:list of websites 3269: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3227: 3222:; July 29, 2022) 3210: 3176: 3150: 3138: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2979: 2971: 2959: 2951: 2938: 2925: 2912: 2904: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2757: 2748: 2747: 2746:. 10 April 2019. 2736: 2730: 2729: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2322: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2242:Associated Press 2233: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1891:Associated Press 1881: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1855: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1785: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1681: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1559: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1535:on 1 August 2020 1534: 1521: 1510: 1504: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1177: 1168: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1142: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1092:. Archived from 1082: 1008:Brandolini's law 737: 714:first indictment 615:of Missouri and 425:Walter C. Langer 366: 362: 351: 347: 324: 267: 221: 214:Erich Ludendorff 159: 98:Erich Ludendorff 95: 21: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5936:1925 quotations 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5905:Media influence 5900:Media franchise 5885:Media democracy 5851: 5796: 5728: 5670: 5651:Loaded language 5602: 5519: 5436: 5388: 5278: 5207: 5189: 5116: 5057:Culture jamming 5006: 4940: 4935: 4905: 4900: 4786:Loaded language 4595: 4590: 4560: 4551: 4456: 4437: 4416: 4404: 4289: 4285:Zinoviev letter 4235: 4209: 4193: 4117:Post-Soviet era 4111: 4072:Active Measures 4055: 4046: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3936: 3910: 3898: 3838: 3836:Jihadunspun.com 3822: 3803: 3728: 3704:New World Order 3672:Genocide denial 3643: 3628: 3577: 3562: 3484:Memetic warfare 3274: 3263: 3254: 3208: 3183: 3162: 3157:Further reading 3154: 3153: 3139: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3085:. 31 March 2021 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2982: 2974: 2962: 2954: 2941: 2928: 2915: 2907: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2501:The Daily Beast 2493: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2473:The Daily Beast 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2272: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2218: 2216: 2214:The Independent 2207: 2198: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2156: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2125: 2116: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2094: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2068: 2066: 2057: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2026: 2017: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1951: 1949: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1837: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1795: 1788:Financial Times 1779: 1770: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1748: 1737: 1728: 1726: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1667: 1665: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1607:Bezymenski, Lev 1605: 1604: 1600: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1519: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1490: 1486: 1476: 1474: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1295: 1293: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1215:. 20 June 2022. 1207: 1206: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1157: 1155: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1126: 1124: 1121:Merriam-Webster 1114: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1041:Just war theory 999: 936: 915: 909: 885: 875: 841:Mitch McConnell 811: 778:William H. Frey 735: 724:voting machines 702:In early 2022, 680:Stacey Plaskett 650:In early 2021, 555: 541: 531: 503: 498: 465: 452:Henry A. Murray 421: 406: 381:Joseph Goebbels 374: 364: 360: 355:In short, Nazi 349: 345: 327:Nazi propaganda 322: 303:Joseph Goebbels 291: 268: 266:, vol. I, ch. X 261: 217: 202: 197: 181:electoral fraud 162:Nazi propaganda 155: 132:Joseph Goebbels 106:Weimar Republic 91: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5923: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5865: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5782:Understatement 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5646:Indoctrination 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Disinformation 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5593:Smear campaign 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5510:Sensationalism 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5450:Agenda-setting 5446: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5324:False document 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5229:Catch and kill 5226: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5062:Demonstrations 5059: 5054: 5049: 5047:Cancel culture 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5016: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4776:Indoctrination 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4686:Disinformation 4683: 4678: 4673: 4671:Cherry picking 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4616:Appeal to fear 4613: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4566: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4365:Habbush letter 4362: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4340: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4308: 4303: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4247:Bell Pottinger 4243: 4241: 4240:United Kingdom 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4121: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3903:Czechoslovakia 3900: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3875:PLA Unit 61398 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3832: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3813: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3750:by governments 3742: 3736: 3734: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3587:Disinformation 3582: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3308:Cognitive bias 3305: 3300: 3298:Cherry picking 3295: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3265: 3264: 3261:misinformation 3257:Disinformation 3255: 3253: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3205: 3204:; 17 May 2021) 3194: 3182: 3181:External links 3179: 3178: 3177: 3152: 3151: 3122: 3096: 3066: 3042:Inskeep, Steve 3033: 3013:hongkongfp.com 2999: 2997: 2996: 2980: 2972: 2968:New York Times 2960: 2952: 2939: 2926: 2913: 2905: 2884: 2861: 2830: 2804: 2778: 2749: 2731: 2712: 2676: 2648: 2620: 2592: 2566: 2540: 2514: 2486: 2458: 2430: 2402: 2370: 2344: 2309: 2282: 2254: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2205: 2185: 2165: 2145: 2123: 2103: 2078: 2076: 2075: 2055: 2035: 2015: 1987: 1959: 1930: 1904: 1876: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1824: 1804: 1777: 1757: 1735: 1707: 1676: 1644: 1622: 1598: 1575: 1546: 1505: 1495:Hans W. Gatzke 1484: 1458: 1439: 1420: 1393: 1387:978-0674038592 1386: 1366: 1335: 1307: 1274: 1256: 1237: 1218: 1200: 1169: 1134: 1107: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1010: 1005: 998: 995: 935: 932: 921:described the 908: 905: 874: 871: 810: 807: 803:with prejudice 684:Madeleine Dean 676:Joaquin Castro 641:Ruth Ben-Ghiat 637:Timothy Snyder 611:U.S. Senators 606:election fraud 530: 527: 502: 499: 497: 494: 477:Hans Vaihinger 464: 463:Hitler's death 461: 420: 417: 405: 402: 373: 370: 290: 287: 262:Adolf Hitler, 259: 201: 198: 196: 193: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5973: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5890:Media ecology 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5873:United States 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5847:Telemarketing 5845: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5636:Fearmongering 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5475:False balance 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5432:Word of mouth 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5219:Broadcast law 5217: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5067:Deplatforming 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972:False balance 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4925: 4920: 4918: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4721:False dilemma 4719: 4717: 4716:False balance 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4575: 4573: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:FactCheck.org 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4465:Fact-checking 4463: 4462: 4459: 4452: 4448: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4294:United States 4292: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 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