97:, but 600 horses were too many to conceal. Called before the Indian Agent, together with an interpreter, Big Spotted Horse, on being called a "big horse thief" thought at first that he was being complimented as a "great horse thief". He was soon disabused of that notion by the interpreter. The Indian agent demanded that the horses be returned to the Cheyenne; Big Spotted Horse, imagining the reaction of the Cheyenne, refused. He was imprisoned in
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on the boy before killing him, rode him down, approaching from the right. This gave him an advantage, as a right-handed person armed with a bow can usually only shoot effectively to the left. But Big
Spotted Horse was left-handed, and as the warrior approached him, intending to count coup on him with
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tribe closely related to the Pawnee who did not accompany them on their migration to the north in the 17th century. In 1872 Big
Spotted Horse returned to the Pawnee village and together with other warriors began to agitate for relocation of the tribe to the country of the Wichita who had invited the
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Big
Spotted Horse grew up to be a respected warrior and an expert horse thief. In 1869 he led a small party of Pawnee into a village of Cheyenne camped near the Arkansas River. They entered the village itself and untied the horses tied to the lodges, getting the best horses, then ran off the rest of
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for 5 months but eventually released as it was determined that there was no actual law forbidding horse raiding. On return to the Pawnee village, Big
Spotted Horse found that attrition had reduced the horse herd to only 30 or 40 head and that those had been returned to the Cheyenne in Kansas.
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the herd and set off for home with 600 horses. (One source states 150 horses). It was winter and the raiders were caught in a blizzard and suffered frostbite, but arrived at the Pawnee village with the herd intact. Raiding for horses had been concealed from the Indian agent, Jacob M. Troth, a
78:. The loss of Alights-on-the-Clouds was very distressing to the Cheyenne who withdrew from the field and a cause of celebration for the Pawnee. They later made up a song about the deed and the unusual circumstances surrounding it to memorize the incident.
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Big
Spotted Horse was not aware of the damage he had done, but there was a great shout by the Pawnee, and, fighting their way to the warrior's body they discovered he was wearing a leather coat armor covered with metal discs-
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extending to his knees which effectively armored him from arrows and musket balls, gave chase to Big
Spotted Horse, then a youth of 15 or 16. The youth fled but the warrior, intending to
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In 1874, Big
Spotted Horse left the reservation with 300 followers, and in 1875, the entire tribe joined him, leaving their lands in Nebraska for much poorer lands in Oklahoma.
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126:, who described him as "a tall fine specimen of man who relished perilous service". While living in Oklahoma Big Spotted Horse served as scout during the
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warrior, Alights-on-the-Clouds (also known as Alight on the Cloud or
Touching Cloud), who, unbeknownst to the Pawnee, was wearing a
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a sheathed sword, Big
Spotted Horse turned to the right and shot an arrow point blank at the Cheyenne warrior and pierced his eye.
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warrior and raider who lived during the 19th century. He belonged to the
Pitahawirata band or division of the Pawnee tribe.
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At the time of his visit, the Pawnees were troubled with white settlers stealing wood in the reservation. Late in 1873,
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Jacob Troth appointed a group of Pawnees, including Big Spotted Horse, to approach any timber thieves and stop them.
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Big Spotted Horse had made friends with the Wichita Indians before his great horse raid. The Wichita are a
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Big Spotted Horse served at a time as scout for the U.S. Army. He made quite an impression of Officer
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Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90
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Pawnee to join them. This proposition was opposed by the Pawnee chiefs.
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Big Spotted Horse never returned from his last horse raid into Texas.
273:. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, no. 27. Washington, D.C.
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201:. New Series, Vol. 12 (Oct. - Dec. 1910), No. 4, pp. 542-575.
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Grinnell, George B.: "The Great Mysteries of the Cheyenne."
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The exploit is attributed to Pawnee warrior Shield Chief
271:Ceremonies of the Pawnee. Part II. The South Bands
347:(1974, original hardback 1951), trade paperback,
53:in what is now Kansas were attacked by a band of
45:In 1852, the Pawnee tribe, while engaged in the
223:Page 237, note 104, description of the coat by
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212:Life Of George Bent. Written From His Letters.
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41:The killing of Alights-on-the-Clouds
373:Native American people from Kansas
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102:Disgusted, he left to join the
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378:19th-century Native Americans
157:Big Spotted Horse's last raid
345:University of Oklahoma Press
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298:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982):
256:Densmore, Frances (1929):
184:Blaine, Martha R. (1990):
118:Scouting for the U.S. Army
186:Pawnee Passage, 1870-1875
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269:Murie, James R. (1981):
210:Hyde, George E. (1987):
134:Reunion with the Wichita
199:American Anthropologist
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302:. Lincoln and London.
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188:. Norman and London.
106:on the Red River in
88:The great horse raid
124:Richard Henry Pratt
47:summer buffalo hunt
337:The Pawnee Indians
326:The Pawnee Indians
313:The Pawnee Indians
311:Pages 316 to 322,
284:The Pawnee Indians
282:Pages 297 to 301,
242:The Pawnee Indians
229:The Pawnee Indians
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362:Categories
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99:Fort Omaha
67:count coup
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108:Oklahoma
59:Cheyenne
214:Norman.
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24:Pawnee
22:was a
165:Notes
349:ISBN
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