2345:
2053:
90:(grape growing) in a variety of countries, including France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Germany, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, South Africa, Canada, and the United States. In 2013, over 700 vineyards worldwide comprising more than 10,000 ha/24,710 acres were certified biodynamic. A number of very high-end, high-profile commercial growers have converted recently to biodynamic practices. According to an article in
1285:
194:, nor in the yield per vine, clusters per vine, and cluster and berry weight. However, one of the authors, Leo McCloskey has made the case that consumer quality scores, 100-point scores, are expected to be higher for both biodynamic and organic over traditional farming.
688:
Douglass Smith and JesĂşs BarquĂn, "Biodynamics in the Wine Bottle: Is supernaturalism becoming the new worldwide fad in winemaking? Here is an examination of the biodynamic phenomenon, its origins, and its purported efficacy",
244:, the way in which a wine can represent its specific place of origin in its aroma, flavor, and texture." Critics caution that such comparisons of wines of the same type need to be controlled for differences in soil and
259:
and increased effort involved in biodynamics. Other critics attribute the success of biodynamic viticulture to the winemakers' higher craftsmanship and meticulous attention to detail. Ray Isle, managing editor of
201:. Biodynamic wines are more "floral", according to Spanish biodynamic vintner PĂ©rez Palacios. Biodynamic producers also claim that their methods tend to result in better balance in growth, where the
631:
723:
124:," follow biodynamic viticulture. For a wine to be labeled “biodynamic” it has to meet standards laid down by the Demeter Association, an internationally recognized certifying body.
607:
182:
claimed that the use of biodynamic methods saved a badly diseased vineyard, to the point that it now produces some of her most highly prized wines. A long-term study of one
251:
Critics acknowledge the high quality of biodynamic wines, but question whether many of the improvements in vineyard health and wine taste would have happened anyway if
668:
Jean K. Reilly, "Moonshine, Part 2: A blind sampling of 20 wines shows that biodynamics works. But how? (This, by the way, is why we went into journalism.)",
1211:
454:
Jean K. Reilly, "Moonshine, Part 1: Why are top winemakers burying cow horns filled with manure on the equinox? Because it seems to help make great wine",
1149:
186:
found that improved quality for both biodynamic and organic could not be explained. This study in different vineyard blocks at a commercial vineyard in
541:
238:, nine of the biodynamic wines were judged superior to their conventional counterpart. The biodynamic wines "were found to have better expressions of
2279:
426:
889:
765:
2101:
484:
Lejano, Raul P.; Ingram, Mrill; Ingram, Helen M. (2013). "Chapter 6: Narratives of Nature and
Science in Alternative Farming Networks".
627:
815:
266:
magazine, says, "So what if they also think burying cow horns full of manure will help them channel new life forces from the cosmos?"
603:
1363:
869:
795:
493:
101:
553:
Reeve, Jennifer R.; Lynne
Carpenter-Boggs; John P. Reganold; Alan L. York; Glenn McGourty; Leo P. McCloskey (December 1, 2005).
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perspectives. Biodynamics aims at the ecological self-sufficiency of farms as cohesive, interconnected living systems.
74:'s formulas, following a planting calendar that depends upon astrological configurations, and treating the earth as "a
894:
719:
673:
459:
197:
Biodynamic grapes claim to have noted stronger, clearer, more vibrant tastes, as well as wines that remain drinkable
2230:
2197:
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1021:
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Some grape growers who have adopted biodynamic methods claim to have achieved improvements in the health of their
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758:
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1965:
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708:
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1991:
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127:
117:
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Paul
Gregutt, "Not Woo-Woo Anymore: More and more wineries are tasting the benefits of saving the soil",
2006:
1775:
1419:
1183:
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949:
511:"Attending the First Organic Agriculture Course: Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924"
174:, crop nutrition, and pest, weed, and disease management. For example, the late Anne-Claude Leflaive of
50:
methods both to grow the fruit and during the post-harvest processing. Biodynamic wine production uses
2380:
1657:
1409:
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423:
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found no difference between biodynamic methods with general organic farming methods with respect to
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in 1924, predating most of the organic movement. It includes ecological principles, emphasizing
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Biodynamic, Organic and
Natural Winemaking: Sustainable Viticulture and Viniculture
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555:"Soil and Winegrape Quality in Biodynamically and Organically Managed Vineyards"
87:
570:
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2016:
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Natural Wine: An introduction to organic and biodynamic wines made naturally
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879:
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Roland
Brunner, "Alto Adige goes green: Part 3: The stars go green too",
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135:
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Demeter Calls, Biodynamic Wines: An
Expression of Terroir? published by
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Oxford
Companion to Wine 4th Edition 2016 edited by Jancis Robinson MW.
245:
240:
210:
59:
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of 10 pairs of biodynamic and conventionally made wines, conducted by
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1882:
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121:
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322:
Wine from Sky to Earth: Growing & Appreciating
Biodynamic Wine
96:, many of the top estates in France, "including Domaine Leroy in
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1320:
1301:
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70:) while also employing soil supplements prepared according to
2079:
209:, resulting in a wine with the correct balance of flavor and
565:(4). American Society for Enology and Viticulture: 367–376.
598:
Beppi
Crosariol, "Converted: I'm a biodynamic believer",
1316:
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2196:
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2145:
2117:
1984:
1946:
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248:, and the farming and processing techniques used.
130:is a form of alternative agriculture based on
2095:
1332:
759:
230:and judged by seven wine experts including a
8:
1212:Effects of climate change on wine production
486:Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks
559:American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
2102:
2088:
2080:
1585:
1339:
1325:
1317:
1298:
766:
752:
744:
722:Puyallup Research & Extension Center.
664:
662:
660:
391:Biodynamic, Organic and Natural Winemaking
450:
448:
684:
682:
205:production in the grapes coincides with
2280:Clarification and stabilization of wine
382:
27:Wines made employing biodynamic methods
646:Jean K. Reilly, "Taste-Test Results",
7:
709:"The Myth of Biodynamic Agriculture"
729:from the original on April 15, 2007
518:European Journal of Social Sciences
816:International Grape Genome Program
25:
1364:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
796:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
2343:
2051:
1284:
1283:
166:, specifically in the areas of
86:Biodynamic methods are used in
348:Per and Britt Karlsson (2014)
102:Château de la Roche-aux-Moines
1:
2306:Glossary of viticulture terms
1243:Glossary of viticulture terms
875:Diurnal temperature variation
707:Chalker-Scott, Linda (2004).
338:, Board and Bench Publishing
46:are wines made employing the
2311:Glossary of winemaking terms
1253:Glossary of winemaking terms
720:Washington State University
336:Biodynamic Wine Demystified
2397:
2231:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1022:Integrated pest management
693:, November/December 2007.
571:10.5344/ajev.2005.56.4.367
488:. MIT Press. p. 155.
31:
2339:
2321:History of the wine press
2211:Sparkling wine production
2045:
1314:
1281:
1217:Environmental stewardship
362:Isabelle Legeron (2017),
2316:Wine tasting descriptors
2037:Wine tasting descriptors
1966:Phenolic content in wine
1858:Alternative wine closure
1442:Great French Wine Blight
1145:Great French Wine Blight
630:. Accessed 2008-07-13.
389:Per and Britt Karlsson,
32:Not to be confused with
2206:Malolactic fermentation
1227:Sustainable agriculture
1008:Frost damage prevention
890:Regional climate levels
606:. Accessed 2008-07-13.
542:archived 4 October 2009
255:were used, without the
1248:Glossary of wine terms
697:. Accessed 2008-07-12.
676:. Accessed 2008-07-11.
654:. Accessed 2008-07-12.
610:June 15, 2008, at the
535:"Eco-Friendly Wines,"
462:. Accessed 2008-07-11.
433:. Accessed 2008-07-12.
407:Wine from Sky to Earth
207:physiological ripeness
142:(1861–1925), who gave
138:concepts developed by
128:Biodynamic agriculture
118:Domaine Zind-Humbrecht
82:Biodynamic viticulture
18:Biodynamic winegrowing
2007:Wine and food pairing
634:July 3, 2008, at the
626:, February 25, 2008.
602:, February 13, 2008.
429:May 25, 2008, at the
422:, November 20, 2005.
334:Nicolas Joly (2008),
1658:Muscat of Alexandria
509:Paull, John (2011).
217:climate conditions.
76:living and receptive
2236:Yeast in winemaking
2188:Carbonic maceration
1202:Adaptive management
716:Horticultural Myths
672:, August 23, 2004.
650:, August 23, 2004.
213:content, even with
2226:Traditional method
2027:Wine personalities
1731:Cabernet Sauvignon
1120:Botrytis bunch rot
940:Grapevine planting
870:Climate categories
691:Skeptical Inquirer
624:Wein-Plus Magazine
458:, August 9, 2004.
291:Arianna Occhipinti
144:Agriculture Course
66:and avoiding most
2363:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2127:Late harvest wine
2077:
2076:
1814:
1813:
1711:Alicante Bouschet
1459:Judgment of Paris
1295:
1294:
1140:Grapevine yellows
539:, October 1, 2009
420:The Seattle Times
263:Wine & Spirit
188:Ukiah, California
184:California winery
132:pseudo-scientific
110:Maison Chapoutier
16:(Redirected from
2388:
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2347:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2081:
2056:
2055:
1971:Proteins in wine
1638:GrĂĽner Veltliner
1586:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1299:
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1286:
1171:Uncinula necator
1160:Pierce's disease
768:
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286:Lalou Bize-Leroy
176:Domaine Leflaive
44:Biodynamic wines
21:
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2350:Wine portal
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2326:History of wine
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2268:
2240:
2192:
2174:
2155:Deacidification
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2113:
2108:
2078:
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2058:Wine portal
2050:
2041:
1980:
1942:
1847:
1837:
1810:
1697:
1678:Sauvignon blanc
1613:Cayetana blanca
1581:
1579:grape varieties
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1465:
1393:
1350:
1345:
1310:
1296:
1291:
1277:
1263:Outline of wine
1231:
1222:Organic farming
1207:Biodynamic wine
1194:
1188:
1179:Red spider mite
1100:
1094:
1051:
1013:Green harvest (
998:Erosion control
975:
969:
950:Row orientation
932:
926:
862:
856:
801:Grape varieties
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772:
742:
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636:Wayback Machine
621:
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612:Wayback Machine
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537:The Daily Green
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431:Wayback Machine
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324:, Acres U.S.A.
314:
296:Pascal Marchand
276:Chiara Condello
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253:organic farming
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52:organic farming
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2165:Chaptalization
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1992:Classification
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1976:Sugars in wine
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1948:Wine chemistry
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1923:Wine dispenser
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1726:Cabernet Franc
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1693:Welschriesling
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1648:MĂĽller-Thurgau
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1415:Ancient Greece
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1165:Powdery mildew
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1015:Vendange verte
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955:Trellis design
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851:Vitis vinifera
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600:Globe and Mail
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473:novusvinum.com
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366:, CICO Books,
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232:Master of Wine
172:soil fertility
159:
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140:Rudolf Steiner
83:
80:
72:Rudolf Steiner
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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2376:Anthroposophy
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1820:Major regions
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960:Vine training
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495:9780262519571
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352:Floris Books
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258:
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229:
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222:blind tasting
218:
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39:
35:
30:
19:
2341:
2198:Fermentation
2049:
2032:Wine tasting
1653:Muscat blanc
1623:Chenin blanc
1555:
1420:Ancient Rome
1206:
1169:
1135:Downy mildew
1047:Weed control
1037:Millerandage
1014:
885:Microclimate
849:
842:
824:
811:Hybrid grape
791:Ampelography
784:horticulture
731:. Retrieved
715:
702:
690:
669:
647:
642:
623:
618:
599:
594:
582:. Retrieved
562:
558:
548:
536:
530:
521:
517:
504:
485:
479:
467:
455:
438:
424:Reprint copy
419:
414:
406:
403:Nicolas Joly
398:
390:
385:
363:
349:
335:
321:
318:Nicolas Joly
312:Bibliography
306:Organic wine
301:Natural wine
281:Nicolas Joly
261:
250:
239:
225:
219:
196:
192:soil quality
168:biodiversity
161:
143:
126:
114:Rhone Valley
91:
85:
75:
55:
43:
42:
38:natural wine
34:organic wine
29:
2381:Viticulture
2301:Wine bottle
2273:Other steps
2264:Wine cellar
2221:SĂĽssreserve
1913:Wine cellar
1903:Wine bottle
1844:accessories
1842:Packaging,
1801:Tempranillo
1430:Noah's wine
1410:Phoenicians
1356:Viticulture
945:Propagation
782:Biology and
775:Viticulture
524:(1): 64–70.
88:viticulture
78:organism."
2370:Categories
2180:Maceration
2170:Wine press
2160:Destemming
2111:Winemaking
2017:Wine fraud
2012:Wine fault
1997:Oenophilia
1933:Wine label
1928:Wine glass
1893:Port tongs
1791:Sangiovese
1786:Pinot noir
1746:Douce noir
1673:Rkatsiteli
1618:Chardonnay
1608:Catarratto
1582:by acreage
1556:Biodynamic
1519:Aromatized
1308:winemaking
1273:Winemaking
1195:and issues
1193:Approaches
1155:Phylloxera
1125:Bot canker
1027:Irrigation
1003:Fertilizer
976:management
905:Topography
895:Soil types
378:References
372:1782494839
358:1782501134
344:1934259020
330:0911311602
236:sommeliers
178:estate in
68:pesticides
64:fertilizer
58:employing
48:biodynamic
2132:Noble rot
2022:Winemaker
2002:Sommelier
1938:Wine rack
1918:Wine cork
1908:Wine cave
1898:Screw cap
1868:Corkscrew
1833:New World
1828:Old World
1806:Zinfandel
1781:Mourvèdre
1688:Trebbiano
1628:Colombard
1529:Noble rot
1509:Fortified
1487:Sparkling
1454:New World
1184:Vine moth
1150:Nematodes
1115:Black rot
1099:Pests and
1075:Noble rot
1070:Festivals
915:elevation
863:variation
833:Rootstock
257:mysticism
234:and head
164:vineyards
148:spiritual
54:methods (
2147:Pressing
2069:Glossary
1985:Industry
1878:Jug wine
1873:Decanter
1863:Box wine
1761:Isabella
1756:Grenache
1736:Carignan
1683:SĂ©millon
1668:Riesling
1663:Palomino
1406:Ancient
1389:Vineyard
1384:Veraison
1369:Oenology
1289:Category
1258:Oenology
1236:See also
1130:Dead arm
1102:diseases
1080:Ripeness
1032:Klopotec
974:Vineyard
933:planting
931:Vineyard
880:Drainage
838:Vineyard
826:Veraison
821:Ripening
733:July 12,
724:Archived
632:Archived
608:Archived
584:July 12,
579:55723731
427:Archived
270:See also
215:changing
180:Burgundy
158:Efficacy
152:mystical
136:esoteric
98:Burgundy
2331:Terroir
2289:Related
2137:Vintage
2119:Harvest
2064:Outline
1888:Muselet
1850:storage
1741:Cinsaut
1716:Barbera
1643:Macabeo
1603:Aligoté
1561:Organic
1551:Natural
1504:Dessert
1449:Georgia
1399:History
1379:Terroir
1374:Species
1090:Weather
1085:Vintage
1057:Harvest
1042:Pruning
993:Coulure
900:Terroir
695:Reprint
674:Reprint
670:Fortune
652:Reprint
648:Fortune
628:Reprint
604:Reprint
460:Reprint
456:Fortune
409:, p. 10
393:, p. 31
320:(2005)
246:subsoil
241:terroir
227:Fortune
211:alcohol
112:in the
104:in the
93:Fortune
60:compost
2296:Winery
2259:Solera
1883:Kvevri
1771:Merlot
1766:Malbec
1566:Kosher
1542:Other
1497:Orange
1470:Styles
1437:France
983:Canopy
910:aspect
806:Grapes
577:
492:
370:
356:
342:
328:
199:longer
122:Alsace
116:, and
2246:Aging
1796:Syrah
1751:Gamay
1721:Bobal
1633:Glera
1598:Airén
1590:White
1546:Table
1534:Straw
1524:Fruit
1482:White
1425:China
1304:Wines
1110:Birds
965:Yield
920:slope
844:Vitis
727:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
575:S2CID
514:(PDF)
220:In a
203:sugar
106:Loire
56:e.g.,
1848:and
1577:Top
1492:Rosé
1348:Wine
1306:and
1268:Wine
1065:Brix
988:Clos
735:2008
586:2008
490:ISBN
368:ISBN
354:ISBN
340:ISBN
326:ISBN
150:and
134:and
2254:Oak
1703:Red
1514:Ice
1477:Red
567:doi
120:in
62:as
36:or
2372::
718:.
714:.
681:^
659:^
573:.
563:56
561:.
557:.
522:21
520:.
516:.
447:^
405:,
170:,
108:,
100:,
2103:e
2096:t
2089:v
1846:,
1340:e
1333:t
1326:v
1017:)
829:)
823:(
767:e
760:t
753:v
737:.
588:.
569::
498:.
40:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.