744:) to marry her, believing that Zhenzhu would refuse and that he would then have a good excuse to break off the marriage. When Zhenzhu agreed to go to Ling Prefecture, Emperor Taizong found another excuse—that the bride price offered had not been all collected (as, in order to gather the livestock making up the bride price, Zhenzhu had to collect them from subordinate tribes, and it was taking longer than thought, and the livestock were also dying from having to go through the Gobi) -- to cancel the marriage treaty, despite strong opposition from his official
860:, giving him the western parts, to govern over the Xueyantuo people, and that Emperor Taizong had carried out the creation in grand ceremonies. Yemang was said to be violent and disturbed, and also having a poor relationship with Bazhuo. After Yi'nan's death, both attended the funeral, and after the funeral, Yemang, fearful that Bazhuo would harm him, departed suddenly first, which led to Bazhuo chasing him down and killing him. Bazhuo thereafter took the throne with the title of Jialijulixueshaduomi Khan (or
47:
697:-- the chief of the Qibi tribe, a constituent tribe of the Tiele as well—being detained in Xueyantuo after he, on a visit back to his tribe, was seized by his own subordinates and taken to Xueyantuo (as his subordinates wanted to submit to Xueyantuo rather than Tang), Emperor Taizong, concerned about Qibi Heli's safety (as Qibi Heli had refused to submit to Xueyantuo, cutting off an ear to show his resolve, causing Zhenzhu to nearly execute him), under advise of
522:), with Bazhuo in charge of the south and Jialibi in charge of the north. Emperor Taizong, believing that Xueyantuo was becoming strong and difficult to subjugate, created both Bazhuo and Jialibi as subordinate khans under their father, awarding them both drums and banners, ostensibly to honor them, but hoping to instead cause dissent between them.
730:. Emperor Taizong welcomed Tuli in a grand ceremony, and Tuli held a great banquet in Emperor Taizong's honor, which Emperor Taizong and his officials personally attended. However, at Qibi's urging, Emperor Taizong was considering renouncing the marriage—initially ordering Zhenzhu to personally meet him and Princess Xinxing at Ling Prefecture (
1155:: "上以其強盛，恐後難制，癸亥，拜其二子皆為小可汗，各賜鼓纛，外示優崇，實分其勢。" (Fearing their growing strength and potential difficulty in controlling them later, in the year of Guihai, both of Yinan’s sons were appointed as Lesser Khagans, each bestowed with a drum and banner. This outwardly showed high honor but was actually meant to divide their power.)
760:
With the
Supreme One's command, how dare I disobey! However, the Turks are unpredictable and have repeatedly invaded China, killing tens of thousands each year. When Your Majesty conquered them, they should have been enslaved and gifted to the Chinese people. Instead, you have treated them with great
469:
In August 629, he sent his brother Tong Tegin to offer tribute to
Emperor Taizong, and Emperor Taizong, in return, awarded him with a sword and a whip, stating, "Lord, if your subordinates commit crimes, you can use the sword to execute those with major crimes, and whip those with minor crimes." Inan
592:
and would take his soldiers with them, Zhenzhu Khan wanted to use this chance to destroy Turks. He commissioned his son Dadu shad (大度設), with an army made of soldiers from the
Tongluo, Pugu, Uyghurs, Mohe, and Xi, to attack Eastern Turks with 200,000 men. Qilibi could not resist, and withdrew within
565:
and the Gobi. He sent Guo Siben, Chief
Minister of Granaries to Zhenzhu, explaining the reasons and ordering Xueyantuo to keep peace with the rebuilt Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Zhenzhu, who was reminded that he was the senior khagan, while displeased with the action, agreed to buy time, and by 641,
938:
Dadu was described to be his oldest son, but Yemang was also later described to be his oldest son. Moreover, Dadu's soldiers, described to be from the various tribes, also appeared to coincide with the ethnic composition of the people under Yemang in 645, and so it was possible, but not confirmed,
535:, was rumored to have allied himself with Western Turks against Tang, and also tried to engage Xueyantuo in their alliance, sending an emissary to Zhenzhu to incite him to invade China. Zhenzhu, in response, informed Emperor Taizong of Qu's instigation and, when Emperor Taizong sent the general
930:
mentioned that at one point, at
Zhenzhu's request, Emperor Taizong had created both Bazhuo and Yemang subordinate khan titles, which may suggest that Yemang and Jialibi were the same person. The division described here (by south and north) was different than the west/east and ethnic division
804:, Emperor Taizong responded, "Go back and tell your khan: My son and I are now about to attack Goguryeo. If he thinks that he can take advantage of this, he is welcome to come!" Zhenzhu, fearful of Emperor Taizong's anger, sent another emissary to apologize and offering to assist in the
407:
to attack the rebels with some 400000 horsemen, but were defeated by an army of only 5000 horsemen commanded by the Uyghur chieftain Pusar. At the same time, Xueyantuo also defeated four Turkic generals, and Qaghan could not respond adequately. Qaghan then sent the subordinate
438:) as an envoy to Inan, recognizing him as the Zhenzhupiqie Khan (or Zhenzhu Khan in short), and awarding him with drums and banners. Inan was very pleased, and he offered tribute to Emperor Taizong. According to Chinese annals, by this point, his territory stretched from the
498:, who had, during the collapse of the Eastern Turks, fled to Western Turks and taken over a part of its territory, claiming the title of Dubu Khagan. As Ashina She'er viewed Xueyantuo as the source of Eastern Turks downfall, he vowed vengeance against Xueyantuo, and he
477:
defeated the
Eastern Turks, capturing Illig. Some of the Eastern Turks surrendered to Tang; some surrendered to Xueyantuo; and some fled to the west to Western Turks or the nearby city states. Xueyantuo was now the predominant power to the north of the Tang empire.
662:) was able to, in turn, concentrate on attacking Xueyantuo army's horse handlers. Li Shiji was able to thereafter defeat Dadu killing over 3000 and capturing more than 50000. Dadu shad, however was able to escape. Although Taizong was planning about full campaign,
848:
Zhenzhu died on
October 21, 645. Despite the friction that had developed in the latter years, Emperor Taizong held a grand mourning ceremony for Zhenzhu. It was said that khan, with Tang permission, had previously created his oldest son by a concubine - Yemang a
748:, who pointed out that, effectively, he was devaluing his own words. Emperor Taizong rationalized his decision by arguing that if Zhenzhu had married a Tang princess, he would have greater legitimacy over the Tiele tribes and would be more difficult to control.
412:, against the Tiele, but the Uyghurs and the Xueyantuo both defeated Ashina Shibobi, causing him to flee. Illig Qaghan's subsequent anger at and brief detention of Ashina Shibobi eventually led to Shibobi also rebelling and entering into an alliance with Tang.
666:
advised against it, leading to the decision to refrain from further military action against
Xueyantuo. Instead, Emperor Taizong sent the emissary back to Zhenzhu with harsh words, but did not make further attacks on Xueyantuo or rebuke Zhenzhu any further.
797:) Prefectures. Despite officials' opposition, Emperor Taizong agreed to settle them. Qilibi, with his reconstituted state in shambles, also returned to China, and was again made a Tang general, ending Tang's attempt to recreate Eastern Turks as a vassal.
348:— an attempt that eventually failed due to frequent incursions by Xueyantuo army against Turks. Throughout his reign, Xueyantuo remained powerful despite Tang attempts to curb its power, but after Zhenzhu's death, a succession dispute between his sons,
648:
tactics. Xueyantuo on the other hand, trained their troops in infantry combat, forming units of five where one person held the horse while the other four fought on foot. If victorious, they would mount their horses to pursue the fleeing enemy.
761:
kindness, as if they were your own children, yet they still rebelled. These people have the hearts of beasts and cannot be treated with human principles. I, having received deep grace, request permission to exterminate them for Your
Majesty.
486:
As the supreme ruler over former
Eastern Turk territory, Inan - now Zhenzhu Khan - tried to maintain peaceful relationship with Tang by formally submitting to Tang, while at the same time strengthening his state. In 632, Western Turks'
549:) to Xueyantuo, to award Zhenzhun with silk for his loyalty and to discuss coordination. (However, when Hou actually attacked and conquered Gaochang in 639, it appeared to be without actual participation from Xueyantuo.)
556:
to assassinate Emperor Taizong. Taizong thereafter rethought his policy of settling the Eastern Turk people inside Tang borders, instituted initially in 630. He created the Eastern Turk prince Ashina Simo as
512:
Meanwhile, Inan was strengthening, and by 638, he was said to have more than 200,000 soldiers under him. It was also said that he had divided the army to be separately commanded by his sons
636:
campaign, leading 60,000 soldiers and 1,200 cavalry to camp at Yufang. Li Daliang was appointed commander of the Lingzhou campaign, leading 40,000 soldiers and 5,000 cavalry to camp at
509:, had just taken the throne, and a large portion of Ashina She'er's people, not willing to continue fighting, fled to him allowing Xueyantuo to counterattack and defeat Ashina She'er.
358:), led to Bazhuo's killing of Yemang and subsequent internal unrest. Further, Bazhuo attacked Tang, resulting in a major Tang retaliation campaign that, along with a revolt by the
756:
Meanwhile, Zhenzhu was continuing to attack Eastern Turks periodically. When Emperor Taizong sent emissaries to try to stop him from doing so, Zhenzhu reportedly responded:
705:
to negotiate with Zhenzhu the terms, under which Emperor Taizong's daughter Princess Xinxing (新興公主) would marry Zhenzhu, in exchange for Qibi Heli's release.
967:
693:) in 642 to Emperor Taizong, offering a tribute of 3,000 horses, 38,000 mink coats, and a mirror made of amber. Meanwhile, with the Tang general
1470:
1344:
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1200:
1133:
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in the first place, collapsed in light of Xueyantuo threat, fleeing back to Tang territory, and were again settled there. They crossed the
924:
It is not clear whether Jialibi was the same person as Yemang. However, when describing the dispute between Bazhuo and Yemang in 645, the
675:
Later Zhenzhu had sent an emissary to Emperor Taizong, offering peace with Eastern Turks and Tang. He sent his uncle Ishbara Nishu Irkin (
800:
When Zhenzhu subsequently sent an emissary to offer tribute to Emperor Taizong, who was at that time deeply into preparation to attack
644:, Li Xiyu, was appointed commander of the Liangzhou campaign, advancing from the west. Taizong also instructed Qilibi Khan to pursue
1323:
840:
requested that Zhenzhu to attack Tang, offering great tributes to him if he did. Zhenzhu, fearful of Tang response, did not do so.
808:, an offer that Emperor Taizong declined. In 645, after Emperor Taizong had defeated the main Goguryeo forces at Mount Zhubi (
656:). Dadu's army was initially able to kill Li Shiji's Turkic army's horses with arrows, but Li Shiji's lieutenant Xue Wanche (
340:, even though the two states were at odds at times, with the most serious dispute involving Tang's attempt to reestablish
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was pleased, and this brought fear in Illig Qaghan, who requested a marriage with the Tang imperial clan, to no avail.
1128:. Studies on East Asia. Bellingham, Wash: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University. p. 189.
609:
1316:
From the Khitans to the Jurchens & Mongols: A History of Barbarians in Triangle Wars & Quartet Conflicts
1455:
640:. Zhang Shigui led 17,000 soldiers as commander of the Qingzhou campaign, departing from Yunzhong. Governor of
632:), to attack Xueyantuo to try to defend Turks. He appointed Minister of War Li Shiji as the chief commander of
379:
341:
255:
853:- a title traditionally given to subrulers of eastern wing, to govern over various tribes, and his wife's son
420:
By late 628, the northern vassals of Turks had all rebelled, and submitted to Inan, offering him the title of
425:
474:
805:
46:
51:
The stone base inscribed with the name and regnal title of Zhenzhu Khan in Zhaoling (Xiuqin Zhou, 1999)
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Later that year, believing that Emperor Taizong was about to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth at
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to attack Gaochang in 638, offered to send an army to guide Hou. Emperor Taizong sent the official
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Li Shi Min, Founding the Tang Dynasty: The Strategies that Made China the Greatest Empire in Asia
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attacked Xueyantuo, and Xueyantuo forces defeated him, contributing to his' subsequent downfall.
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khans. He had a brother named Tong Tegin. At the time Inan was initially Xueyantuo's ruler under
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726:) to offer tributes of 50,000 horses, 10,000 cattle or camels, and 100,000 goats, to serve as
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to a mighty khanate ruling over northern and central Asia. His personal name was recorded as
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wanted to enter into an alliance with Xueyantuo against Eastern Turks, he sent the general
27:"Bilgä Qaghan" redirects here. For the fourth Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate, see
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By the end of 644, the Eastern Turks people, who were not whole-heartedly supportive of
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Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800
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Ambassadors from the Island of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period
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Another challenge that Zhenzhu had to face was an attack from the Eastern Turk prince
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In December 641, Li Shiji engaged Dadu's army on Nuozhen river (modern Aibag river,
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In 643, Zhenzhu accepted to these terms and this time sent his nephew Tuli shad (
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17:
1072:"Strategy and Contingency in the Tang Defeat of the Eastern Turks, 629-630"
389:
By 627, several of the stronger members of the Tiele, including Xueyantuo,
1272:"Pre-Manichaean Beliefs of the Uyghurs II : Other Religious Elements"
505:, with indecisive results. However, at that time a new Western Turk khan,
370:
His birthdate is unknown, but it is known that he was the grandson of the
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Son of heaven and heavenly Qaghan: Sui-Tang China and its neighbors
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regarding the dispute about the surname of the Xueyantuo khans.
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In 639, there was a failed plot led by the Eastern Turk prince
424:. Inan initially declined the title, not daring to use it. As
789:, but south of the Yellow River) and Xia (夏州, roughly modern
462:(白霫), all submitted to him. He established his power base in
785:
to south, seeking to be settled among Sheng (勝州, in modern
908:
701:, agreed to the marriage proposal, sending the official
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confederation, which was then submitting to the rule of
321:
234:
173:
964:
A Dictionary of Loan Words and Hybrid Words in Chinese
958:刘正埮; Gao, Mingkai (高名凯); Mai, Yongqian (麦永乾) (1981).
597:, took up position at Shuo Prefecture (roughly modern
931:
described for the division between Bazhuo and Yemang.
336:
During his reign, Xueyantuo largely aligned with the
1047:"Xueyantuo 薛延陀, Syr Tarduš (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
605:), and sought emergency aid from Emperor Taizong.
254:, under whom Xueyantuo rose from being a vassal of
246:'Pearl Khan') (died October 21, 645) was a
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118:
103:
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91:
81:
71:
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56:
39:
608:In winter 641, Emperor Taizong sent the generals
1195:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 118–119.
758:
222:'Pearl Khan', the Chinese rendering of
1225:. Oxford University Press. pp. 200, 219.
450:to the south, and that many tribes, including
287:. He was later bestowed with full regal title
815:
809:
731:
657:
627:
621:
567:
544:
526:
517:
473:In 630, a Tang army commanded by the general
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8:
896:was a Chinese rendering of the Turkic name
566:Qilibi Khan had settled in near Dingxiang (
217:
1406:
939:that Dadu and Yemang were the same person.
45:
36:
1287:
1076:Warfare in Inner Asian History (500-1800)
968:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House
362:, led to Xueyantuo's destruction in 646.
482:Reign over former Eastern Turk territory
950:
386:, Inan had 70,000 tents of households.
403:) rebelled. Illig Qaghan sent his son
133:
1214:
1212:
283:), latter being Chinese rendering of
7:
1245:
1219:Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012-07-06).
1176:
1164:
1111:
1032:
1020:
1000:. Taylor & Francis. p. 19.
901:
314:
227:
166:
997:The Turkic Peoples in World History
458:(阿跌), Tongluo (同羅), Pugu (僕骨), and
806:military campaign against Goguryeo
25:
466:, traditional capital of Turks.
1270:Erkoç, Hayrettin İhsan (2023).
814:), near the fortress of Anshi (
1070:Graff, David A. (2002-01-01),
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810:
732:
722:
689:
658:
628:
622:
545:
527:
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434:
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212:
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1:
1189:Wang, Zhenping (2005-08-31).
543:and the general Zhishi Sili (
499:
1471:7th-century monarchs in Asia
1276:Journal of Religious History
909:
344:as a vassal state under the
333:'Pearl Wise Khan').
322:
235:
174:
994:Lee, Joo-Yup (2023-07-31).
309:, the Chinese rendering of
185:'Pearl Wise Khan').
1487:
315:𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀 𐰴𐰍𐰣
167:𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀 𐰴𐰍𐰣
26:
1433:
1423:
1414:
1409:
1084:10.1163/9789004391789_003
1078:, Brill, pp. 31–71,
883:
816:
713:
680:
671:Marriage proposal to Tang
568:
399:
354:
296:
270:
203:
148:
143:
132:
44:
1333:Hung, Hing Ming (2013).
959:
342:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1289:10.1111/1467-9809.13005
426:Emperor Taizong of Tang
913:, itself a version of
775:
525:Meanwhile, Qu Wentai (
1339:. Algora Publishing.
1051:www.chinaknowledge.de
1124:Pan, Yihong (1997).
844:Death and succession
690:Shābōluó Níshú Qíjīn
454:(回纥), Bayegu (拔也古),
1461:Tang dynasty people
1314:Yuan, Hong (2022).
902:𐰖𐰍𐰞𐰴𐰺 𐰯𐰆𐰽𐰺
306:Zhēnzhū Píjiā Kèhán
158:Zhēnzhū Píjiā Kèhán
1045:Theobald, Ulrich.
554:Ashina Jiesheshuai
99:Yishi Yinan (乙失夷男)
1444:
1443:
1434:Succeeded by
1346:978-0-87586-980-3
1232:978-0-19-987590-0
1202:978-0-8248-6139-1
1135:978-0-914584-20-9
1093:978-90-04-39178-9
1007:978-1-000-90421-5
907:
736:, roughly modern
446:to the west, and
332:
323:Yinčü Bilge Qaɣan
320:
289:Zhenzhupijia Khan
245:
233:
220:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
175:Yinčü Bilge Qaɣan
172:
58:Khan of Xueyantuo
34:Khan of Xueyantuo
16:(Redirected from
1478:
1415:Preceded by
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1258:Old Book of Tang
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813:
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773:
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691:
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661:
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626:), and Li Xiyu (
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489:Sy Yabghu Khagan
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1355:Primary sources
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531:), the king of
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484:
418:
368:
366:As tribal chief
228:𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇 𐰴𐰍𐰣
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1372:Zizhi Tongjian
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1248:, p. 172.
1238:
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1208:
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1179:, p. 161.
1169:
1167:, p. 165.
1157:
1149:Zizhi Tongjian
1141:
1134:
1116:
1114:, p. 145.
1104:
1092:
1062:
1037:
1035:, p. 134.
1025:
1023:, p. 142.
1013:
1006:
986:
973:
970:. p. 404.
949:
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944:
943:
942:
941:
940:
932:
918:
910:Yaγlaqar Pusar
869:
866:
845:
842:
828:), Goguryeo's
767:Zizhi Tongjian
763:
753:
750:
672:
669:
654:Inner Mongolia
646:scorched earth
585:
582:
578:Inner Mongolia
483:
480:
417:
414:
410:Ashina Shibobi
380:Eastern Turkic
367:
364:
191:
190:
187:
186:
141:
140:
130:
129:
122:
116:
115:
114:21 October 645
105:
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24:
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1354:
1348:
1342:
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1331:
1327:
1325:9781663242587
1321:
1318:. iUniverse.
1317:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1260:, vol. 199b.
1259:
1254:
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1234:
1228:
1224:
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1215:
1213:
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1137:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1117:
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1073:
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1038:
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936:
933:
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911:
899:
895:
893:Yàoluógé Púsà
889:
881:
877:
874:
873:
872:
871:
867:
865:
864:, in short).
863:
859:
858:Si Yabgu Khan
856:
852:
843:
841:
839:
838:Yeon Gaesomun
835:
831:
827:
823:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
772:
768:
762:
757:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
729:
725:
719:
711:
706:
704:
700:
699:Fang Xuanling
696:
692:
686:
678:
670:
668:
665:
655:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
584:War with Tang
583:
581:
579:
575:
564:
560:
555:
550:
542:
538:
534:
523:
516:and Jialibi (
515:
510:
508:
507:Ishbara Tolis
497:
496:Ashina She'er
492:
490:
481:
479:
476:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Western Turks
442:to the east,
441:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
406:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
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330:
324:
312:
308:
302:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
268:
264:
261:
257:
256:Eastern Tujue
253:
249:
243:
237:
225:
215:
213:Zhēnzhū Kèhán
209:
201:
197:
182:
176:
164:
160:
154:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
123:
121:
117:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
1424:
1370:
1360:
1335:
1315:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1221:
1191:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1144:
1125:
1119:
1107:
1097:, retrieved
1075:
1065:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1040:
1028:
1016:
996:
989:
976:
963:
953:
935:
925:
921:
891:
876:
857:
850:
847:
829:
820:, in modern
799:
783:Yellow River
776:
759:
755:
752:End of reign
746:Chu Suiliang
721:
707:
688:
674:
651:
607:
587:
572:, in modern
563:Yellow River
551:
524:
511:
493:
485:
472:
468:
430:Qiao Shiwang
419:
388:
384:Illig Qaghan
369:
352:and Yemang (
338:Tang dynasty
335:
304:
288:
284:
278:
262:
259:
211:
196:Zhenzhu Khan
195:
194:
156:
40:Zhenzhu Khan
18:Bilgä Qaghan
1418:Yiedie Khan
1362:Tang Huiyao
927:Tang Huiyao
915:Bodhisattva
779:Qilibi Khan
728:bride price
559:Qilibi Khan
448:Gobi Desert
372:Yiedie Khan
346:Qilibi Khan
280:Yǐshī Yínán
236:Yinčü Qaɣan
138:Regnal name
76:Yiedie Khan
72:Predecessor
29:Bilgä Qaǧan
1466:645 deaths
1450:Categories
1437:Duomi Khan
1365:, vol. 96.
1282:(4): 587.
1099:2024-07-16
1056:2024-07-16
946:References
898:Old Turkic
862:Duomi Khan
851:Tolis Shad
618:Li Daliang
610:Zhang Jian
595:Great Wall
503: 634
405:Yukuk Shad
311:Old Turkic
224:Old Turkic
163:Old Turkic
86:Duomi Khan
1427:Xueyantuo
1420:(Yishibo)
1298:0022-4227
1246:Hung 2013
1177:Hung 2013
1165:Hung 2013
1112:Hung 2013
1033:Yuan 2022
1021:Hung 2013
982:Xueyantuo
703:Cui Dunli
695:Qibi Heli
664:Wei Zheng
642:Liangzhou
590:Mount Tai
541:Tang Jian
537:Hou Junji
252:Xueyantuo
110:645-10-21
82:Successor
67:628 – 645
1439:(Bazhuo)
1431:628–645
1425:Khan of
1375:, vols.
1153:vol. 195
830:mangniji
826:Liaoning
802:Goguryeo
771:vol. 197
764:—
738:Yinchuan
723:Tūlì Shè
634:Shuozhou
614:Li Shiji
599:Shuozhou
533:Gaochang
1308:Sources
966:].
960:汉语外来词词典
880:Chinese
795:Shaanxi
742:Ningxia
710:Chinese
681:沙缽羅泥孰俟斤
677:Chinese
475:Li Jing
391:Uyghurs
360:Uyghurs
331:
293:Chinese
267:Chinese
244:
200:Chinese
183:
145:Chinese
124:Yemang
1343:
1322:
1296:
1229:
1199:
1132:
1090:
1004:
890::
888:pinyin
882::
855:Bazhuo
834:regent
822:Anshan
787:Hohhot
720::
718:pinyin
712::
687::
685:pinyin
679::
638:Lingwu
603:Shanxi
574:Hohhot
514:Bazhuo
464:Ötüken
395:Bayegu
393:, and
350:Bazhuo
303::
301:pinyin
297:真珠毗伽可汗
295::
277::
275:pinyin
269::
210::
208:pinyin
202::
155::
153:pinyin
149:真珠毗伽可汗
147::
127:Bazhuo
962:[
884:藥羅葛菩薩
868:Notes
791:Yulin
460:Baixi
452:Huige
416:Reign
376:Tiele
263:Yinan
260:Yishi
120:Issue
64:Reign
1341:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1294:ISSN
1227:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1002:ISBN
980:See
593:the
546:執失思力
456:Adie
440:Mohe
422:khan
329:lit.
285:Inan
271:乙失夷男
248:khan
242:lit.
219:lit.
204:真珠可汗
181:lit.
104:Died
96:Born
1401:198
1397:197
1393:196
1389:195
1385:194
1381:193
1377:192
1284:doi
1080:doi
811:駐驆山
714:突利設
659:薛萬徹
629:李襲譽
623:張士貴
580:).
528:麴文泰
519:頡利苾
435:喬師望
400:拔野谷
250:of
1452::
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1274:.
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817:安市
793:,
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740:,
733:靈州
716:;
683:;
616:,
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601:,
576:,
569:定襄
500:c.
355:曳莽
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226::
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