355:, two counts of armed robbery, and two counts of attempted robbery. Waldon was arraigned on June 20, 1986, and plead not guilty to the charges. His bail was set at $ 2 million. In July 1986, while in custody at the San Diego County Jail, Waldon was beaten unconscious by three other inmates after he refused their request to kill another inmate. Waldon attempted to escape from his jail cell on September 21, 1986, by attempting to chip away at the cell's wall using a metal bar. Prior to a hearing to determine whether or not Waldon was mentally competent to stand trial, Jack Levitt, the judge who was set to preside over the hearing, was challenged by Waldon's attorney Charles Khoury Jr., who alleged him to be unfair. Levitt would be removed from presiding over Waldon's criminal trial in October 1987, but continued to preside over Waldon's mental competency hearing. The hearing began on August 18, 1987. Waldon remained completely silent during proceedings and refused to answer any questions. On September 21, 1987, Waldon was judged competent to be criminally tried. Waldon's criminal trial was delayed by Judge Levitt's removal, and was further delayed by his insistence that he represent himself.
364:
to represent himself. During his trial, Waldon alleged that he had been beaten by federal agents and framed for the crimes over his 'promotion of Indian autonomy'. Waldon additionally claimed that during his fugitive state, he had hid in the crawlspace of a house in
Imperial Beach, fearing that he would be convicted anyway if he pleaded innocent. Waldon was convicted of three counts of first degree murder, as well as multiple counts of attempted murder, rape, burglary, robbery, and animal cruelty in December 1991 and was sentenced to death in February 1992.
31:
284:
300:, Oklahoma on October 10, 1985, when a man was robbed and wounded. On November 15, a 28-year-old woman was shot in the head. However, the bullet grazed her skull and she survived. Two days later, on November 17, a woman was robbed at gunpoint and shot. The woman died of her injuries two days later. On November 23, two people were shot and wounded while getting out of their car.
336:
On April 23, 1986, Waldon became the 399th fugitive to be listed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted
Fugitive's list. In June 1986, Daniel Roman discovered that his 1965 Mustang was missing. Later that day, a driver in a car matching the description of Roman's attempted to speed away from police and fled on
320:
The federal arrest warrant charged Waldon with unlawful interstate flight to avoid prosecution for murder, attempted murder, robbery, burglary, rape and arson. According to the FBI, Waldon had held a variety of different jobs and had served in the U.S. Navy for ten years, where he had been trained in
363:
After Waldon's judgement that he was competent to stand trial, his criminal trial began in 1991. Waldon wished to represent himself in court, but a judge denied this motion, stating that Waldon could not understand the risks of self-representation. However though, a second judge granted his request
372:
On
January 23, 2023, Waldon's murder convictions and death sentences were overturned on grounds of courtroom behavior, his 'delusional' self-representation and a trial court judge's decision that had improperly allowed him to represent himself "without considering (the other judge's) denial or the
599:
The principle of creation for
Poliespo was Waldon's belief that certain languages contain words that made communication quicker, which he referred to as "lightning bolts" or "lightning words", and the goal was to combine as many of these as possible into one language. The language was originally
307:
while trying to rescue her mother from the house, which had been set on fire. On
December 19, a man later identified as Waldon was spotted fleeing a robbery in his car by police, who soon gave chase. Waldon managed to evade the police and abandoned the car, soon after running to the residence of
350:
In
California, Waldon faced charges on three counts of murder as well as 19 other counts, including rape, armed robbery, and arson. Waldon was additionally charged in Oklahoma with first-degree murder in the November 17, 1985 shooting in Tulsa, as well as three counts of
626:
Waldon also claimed that learning
Poliespo is a golden opportunity to acquire an "Iroquoian spirit." In his words, "When one gains a new language, one gains a new soul. Po is your golden chance to acquire an Iroquoian spirit."
337:
foot when they tried to stop him for a broken tail light. Police apprehended and arrested the man, who gave his name as “Stephen Midas” but was later identified as Waldon through a fingerprint match.
271:, Waldon was apprehended on June 16, 1986, after San Diego, California police attempted to pull him over for a routine traffic citation. In 1992, Waldon was convicted of three counts of murder and
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36:
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Two weeks later, the San Diego, California home of 43-year-old Dawn
Ellerman was broken into. Ellermann was fatally shot in the neck. Ellerman's 13-year-old daughter died of
30:
308:
59-year-old Gordon Wells, who was shot and killed. Later, Wells' neighbor was shot and wounded, and his car was stolen. The car was found abandoned in late
January 1986. A
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2136:
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2414:
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in
California. In 2023, Waldon's convictions were overturned by the California Supreme Court on grounds that he was denied representation by competent counsel.
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Poliespo's alphabet consists of 54 letters: a, â, ⱥ, ⱥ̂, b, b̆, c, ĉ, d, e, ê, f, g, ĝ, h, ĥ, i, ĭ, ĭ:, ĭ́, î, î:, î́, j, ĵ, k, k̆, l, m, m̆, n, n̆, o, ô, p,
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evidence on which it was based" had deprived him of competent legal representation. The California State supreme court granted Waldon a new trial.
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325:. Waldon was additionally noted to speak and understand several different languages, including French, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and
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1436:. In Poliespo, there are two forms of oral speech. If one does not understand what someone says in Poliespo (referred to as
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1386: , u, û, ŭ, v, z, ẑ, z̆, q, q́, q̂, q̂́, w, ẃ, ŵ, ŵ́, x, x́, y, 2, 2́. In addition, the consonant ẑ represents
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linked the San Diego crimes to the Oklahoma crimes, and a federal arrest warrant for Waldon was issued soon after.
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996:
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249:
1706:"After 30 years on California death row, man's conviction is overturned because of bizarre courtroom behavior"
1418:, since radicals are inflected. Unlike Ido, Poliespo has only one prefix in addition to those of Esperanto:
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referred to as "Anagalisgi," the romanized form of Cherokee word for lightning. Most of Poliespo comes from
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2163:"Conviction, death sentence overturned for man found guilty in three 1985 San Diego murders"
665:
613:
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63:
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643:) and nine nasal vowels, one of which is distinguished by vowel length. Poliespo is also a
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264:. Waldon was convicted of the murders of three people during a crime spree in 1985.
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2137:"Conviction, death sentence overturned for man in three 1985 San Diego murders"
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639:, in addition to 22 vowels: 10 oral vowels (two of which are distinguished by
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Waldon ran a "World Poliespo Organization" for enthusiasts of the language.
523:
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245:
73:
2189:"Death sentence from 1992 tossed over 'delusional' self-representation"
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244:: ᏅᏙᎯᏯᏓ ᎢᏕᎮᏍᏗ ᏎᏉᏯ, Nvdohiyada Idehesdi Sequoya), is an American former
68:
1428:. Besides the accusative case, there is also a subject suffix, as in
58:
623:, and therefore radically differs from the principles of Esperanto.
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2218:"The Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights"
1651:
FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives Program: 50th Anniversary 1950–2000
297:
282:
83:
1844:"California Prosecution May Stop Tulsa Action On Murder Suspect"
78:
1442:), they should repeat themselves in Esperanto (referred to as
2104:"Local Death Penalty Case From 1985 Finally Goes To Appeal"
635:
Poliespo is believed to have 32 consonants, including the
555:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1583:"The Death Penalty: Can Delay Render Execution Unlawful?"
333:
and to have an interest in Cherokee history and culture.
2304:"SAN DIEGO : Billy Ray Waldon Gets Death Sentence"
296:
The crime spree which Waldon was convicted of began in
37:
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
1736:"FBI Places Billy Ray Waldon on '10 Most Wanted' List"
1788:"Another fugitive arrested from FBI most wanted list"
619:
The philosophy behind the language is reminiscent of
2356:– Stories, documents, photos from family and friends
2023:"Accused murderer remains mute for competency trial"
1898:"County Jail Prisoner Beaten Unconscious By Inmates"
1923:"Oklahoma man ordered to stand trial in 3 killings"
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2370:Pli kaj pli malfacila la situacio de Sequoyah (el
2302:
1625:"Tahlequah Native Makes FBI's 10-Most-Wanted List"
1511:"Wanted by FBI Billy Ray Waldon FBI Wanted Poster"
1873:"Waldon Pleads Innocent to Three Murders in S.D."
2261:"New Age Journal July–August 1991: Vol 8 Iss 4"
1419:
569:
1490:List of death row inmates in the United States
2263:. Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia. July 1991.
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1437:
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8:
2110:. CBS News 8. August 8, 2006. Archived from
2049:"Jury decides Waldon ready for murder trial"
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1539:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
16:American inmate formerly sentenced to death
2450:Prisoners sentenced to death by California
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2096:
1679:. California Supreme Court. Archived from
382:
29:
20:
1565:"Making a Case for Providing Own Defense"
1424:, which is used to indicate the "neuter"
1398: is p overstruck with w, and
616:, the languages that Waldon could speak.
2440:People convicted of murder by California
2131:
2129:
1866:
1864:
1811:
1809:
1649:Federal Bureau of Investigation (2000).
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1122:
654:
1712:. Bay Area News Group. Associated Press
1501:
549:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
329:. Waldon was reported to be one-fourth
2282:"archives of the CONLANG mailing list"
2211:
2209:
2055:. Associated Press. September 22, 1987
2029:. Associated Press. September 17, 1987
1975:"Judge Is Removed From Trial on Coast"
1929:. Associated Press. September 25, 1986
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232:(born January 3, 1952), also known as
2415:American prisoners sentenced to death
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2272:
2270:
1402: is t overstruck with v.
7:
2360:Sequoyah condemned to death (French)
1981:. Associated Press. October 23, 1987
1729:
1727:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1485:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1980s
1390:, while the consonant z̆ represents
2410:American people convicted of murder
2365:The "serial murderer" Billy Waldon
1896:Coulson, Crocker (July 25, 1986).
1871:Coulson, Crocker (June 21, 1986).
580:, "Polysynthetic Esperanto", also
407:Likely began in the 1950s or 1960s
14:
2216:Steele, Jeanna (Winter 2003–04).
2001:"San Diego County Digest-Del Mar"
1794:. Associated Press. June 20, 1986
1410:The structure is more similar to
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140:6 ft 2 in (188 cm)
2333:"Poliespo: A Cherokee Esperanto"
1948:Schachter, Jim (June 19, 1987).
1842:Braun, Bill (January 29, 1989).
586:international auxiliary language
430:International auxiliary language
258:399th fugitive listed by the FBI
2445:People from Tahlequah, Oklahoma
1509:serling123 (November 2, 2018).
1950:"Judge Faces Second Challenge"
1563:Wallace, Amy (June 30, 1991).
262:Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List
1:
2425:Constructed language creators
2390:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
2354:Nvwtohiyada Idehesdi Sequoyah
238:Nvwtohiyada Idehesdi Sequoyah
1761:Marks, Kim (June 20, 1986).
1734:Ford, Brian (May 17, 1986).
1463:banana-PL.SING-like-DAT-HAB
46:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive
1382: , s, ŝ, t, t̂,
2466:
1571:(published June 30, 1991).
2435:Native American activists
1817:"San Diego County Digest"
1763:"State Fugitive Arrested"
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469:, vocabulary mostly from
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256:who in 1986, became the
250:American Indian Movement
148:160 lb (73 kg)
2405:American mass murderers
2193:Courthouse News Service
2167:San Diego Union-Tribune
2075:"Delay in murder trial"
1653:. K&D Limited, Inc.
1469:"I don't like bananas!"
1444:
1438:
576:
465:Phonology derived from
2225:Human Rights Advocates
1590:Human Rights Advocates
1420:
570:
537:This article contains
481:, plus two words from
288:
2400:American Esperantists
1954:The Los Angeles Times
1902:The Los Angeles Times
1876:The Los Angeles Times
1821:The Los Angeles Times
1792:The Kansas City Times
1254:Poliespo Nasal Vowels
577:Polisinteza Esperanto
571:Polisinteza Esperanto
473:, but also partially
415:Unknown, at least one
368:Conviction overturned
346:Pre-trial and charges
286:
176:Conviction overturned
2339:on February 5, 2005.
2243:"Afero Billy Waldon"
2027:The Hanford Sentinel
1823:. September 25, 1986
1119:Poliespo Oral Vowels
425:Constructed language
359:Trial and sentencing
2313:. February 29, 1992
1767:The Daily Oklahoman
1686:on January 24, 2023
1596:. Winter 2003–2004.
651:Poliespo Consonants
588:created by Waldon.
316:Manhunt and capture
114:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
2169:. January 23, 2023
2143:. January 23, 2023
2114:on August 10, 2006
1670:"People v. Waldon"
1457:banant̂ⱥn2plaĉqlx!
880:
801:Preaspirated Nasal
289:
273:sentenced to death
2372:Heroldo Komunikas
2310:Los Angeles Times
2081:. October 6, 1987
2003:. August 19, 1987
1569:Los Angeles Times
1521:on April 25, 2021
1474:
1473:
1371:
1370:
1251:
1250:
1116:
1115:
837:Preaspirated Stop
563:
562:
545:rendering support
541:phonetic symbols.
341:Legal proceedings
227:
226:
2457:
2420:American rapists
2341:
2340:
2335:. Archived from
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2289:www.oocities.org
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2141:10News San Diego
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1517:. Archived from
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399:Billy Ray Waldon
383:
353:attempted murder
305:smoke inhalation
279:Criminal history
234:Billy Joe Waldon
230:Billy Ray Waldon
111:
107:
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64:Attempted murder
33:
24:Billy Ray Waldon
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2231:. Berkeley, CA.
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873:Labialized Stop
677:
653:
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621:sound symbolism
597:
543:Without proper
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503:
485:, grammar from
452:
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396:Created by
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348:
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331:Cherokee Indian
323:deep sea diving
318:
310:ballistics test
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167:
112:
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108:January 3, 1952
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18:
2395:1952 births
2376:(Esperanto)
2198:January 27,
2173:January 27,
2147:January 27,
1979:Tulsa World
1848:Tulsa World
1740:Tulsa World
1716:January 27,
1690:January 27,
1634:January 27,
1374:Orthography
1040:Approximant
551:instead of
254:Esperantist
93:Description
2384:Categories
2247:Sennaciulo
1496:References
1331:q̂ /ɜ̃~ɝ̃/
104:1952-01-03
2085:April 16,
2059:April 16,
2033:April 16,
2007:April 16,
1985:April 16,
1959:April 16,
1933:April 15,
1907:April 15,
1881:April 16,
1853:April 15,
1827:April 15,
1798:April 15,
1772:April 15,
1746:April 15,
1525:April 25,
1416:Esperanto
952:Fricative
909:Affricate
631:Phonology
610:Esperanto
524:Glottolog
505:ISO 639-3
487:Esperanto
471:Esperanto
467:Esperanto
391:Èoperespo
327:Esperanto
2108:kfmb.com
1535:cite web
1479:See also
1434:Japanese
1414:than to
1294:î: /ɪ̃ː/
678:alveolar
671:Alveolar
661:Bilabial
602:Cherokee
584:) is an
566:Poliespo
557:Help:IPA
491:Cherokee
483:Cherokee
435:Poliespo
386:Poliespo
377:Poliespo
269:Oklahoma
246:fugitive
242:Cherokee
214:Captured
74:Burglary
1406:Grammar
1351:ⱥ̂ /æ̃/
1299:
1269:Central
1176:
1171:ĭ: /ɪː/
1158:i: /iː/
1134:Central
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1109:
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1103:
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935:ĝ /d͡ʒ/
928:ĉ /t͡ʃ/
921:c /t͡s/
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862:k̆ /ʰk/
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807:m̆ /ʰm/
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693:Glottal
683:Palatal
614:Spanish
606:English
553:Unicode
479:Spanish
475:English
462:Sources
420:Purpose
260:on the
158:Penalty
69:Robbery
52:Charges
1677:CA.gov
1445:Zaespo
1430:Korean
1426:gender
1365:ŵ /ɔ̃/
1325:2 /ə̃/
1287:î /ɪ̃/
972:t̂ /θ/
666:Dental
612:, and
292:Crimes
197:Number
189:Caught
173:Status
153:Status
145:Weight
137:Height
129:Gender
116:, U.S.
59:Murder
2285:(TXT)
2249:: 76.
2221:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
1673:(PDF)
1586:(PDF)
1392:/gdz/
1388:/kts/
1358:â /ã/
1337:ô /õ/
1318:ê /ẽ/
1304:û /ũ/
1281:Close
1264:Front
1245:w /ɔ/
1231:ⱥ /æ/
1208:q /ɜ~
1202:x /ə/
1165:ĭ /ɪ/
1146:Close
1129:Front
1086:Trill
1074:ŭ /w/
1046:ŭ /w/
1025:ĥ /x/
1018:y /ç/
1011:ĵ /ʒ/
1004:ŝ /ʃ/
700:Nasal
688:Velar
676:Post-
595:Goals
456:Latin
412:Users
298:Tulsa
181:Added
164:Death
124:White
84:Arson
39:photo
2319:2012
2200:2023
2175:2023
2149:2023
2120:2022
2087:2023
2061:2023
2035:2023
2009:2023
1987:2023
1961:2023
1935:2023
1909:2023
1883:2023
1855:2023
1829:2023
1800:2023
1774:2023
1748:2023
1718:2023
1692:2023
1636:2023
1541:link
1527:2021
1515:eBay
1439:Idpo
1432:and
1345:Open
1274:Back
1225:Open
1139:Back
883:/pʷ/
736:Stop
530:None
511:None
489:and
477:and
404:Date
132:Male
121:Race
98:Born
79:Rape
1448:).
1421:pe-
1412:Ido
1312:Mid
1189:Mid
983:/ð/
793:/ʔ/
539:IPA
515:mis
236:or
200:399
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