1049:
981:
1120:
1193:
56:
1178:
2295:
866:, the opposition strength fell considerably. The conservative MPs could not agree on a new leader after holding their first caucus of the session. For over two years the conservatives were virtually leaderless and many despaired of ever toppling the Liberal Party. Massey, as chief whip, informally filled the role as leader and eventually succeeded Russell as Leader of the Opposition formally in September 1903.
921:
1167:
1110:
in 1917, as proof of the "inherently oppressive orientation" of socialism. In response to the Red Scare the government passed the War
Regulations Continuance Act, which continued wartime emergency regulations including censorship. This led to a ban on Communist-oriented literature, which continued to
1012:
status as joint leader. Massey and Ward travelled to
Britain several times, both during and after the war, to discuss military co-operation and peace settlements. During his first visit, Massey visited New Zealand troops, listening to their complaints sympathetically. This angered some officials, who
462:
as
Nonconformist settlers, although Massey remained in Ireland for a further eight years to complete his education. He resided for a time with his grandmother Elizabeth Ferguson (née Barnett) at her home at Kennaught, Limavady, attending Limavady National School. Subsequently Massey went to live with
953:
in 1912 and 1913. The use of force to deal with the strikers made Massey an object of hatred for the emerging left-wing, but conservatives (many of whom believed that the unions were controlled by the far left) generally supported him, saying that his methods were necessary. His association with the
1135:
Massey lost his majority, and was forced to negotiate with independents to keep his government alive. He was also alarmed by the success of Labour, which was now only five seats behind the
Liberals. He began to believe that the Liberals would eventually disappear, with their supporters being split,
944:
on 10 July 1912. Two days later it was reported in the press on 12 July that he had accepted the appointment of
Honorary Commandant of the Auckland District of the Legion of Frontiersmen. Some members of the Reform Party grew increasingly frustrated at Massey's dominance of the party. He earned the
1077:
The
Immigration Restriction Amendment Act of 1920 aimed to further limit Asian immigration into New Zealand by requiring all potential immigrants not of British or Irish parentage to apply in writing for a permit to enter the country. The Minister of Customs had the discretion to determine whether
495:
Massey gradually became more prominent in his community. This was partly due to his civic involvement in the school board, the debating society and farming associations. Because of his prominence in these circles, he became involved in political debate, working on behalf of rural conservatives
888:, who proved more vulnerable to Massey's attacks. In particular, Massey made gains by claiming that alleged corruption and cronyism within the civil service was ignored or abetted by the Liberal government. His conservative politics also benefited him when voters grew concerned about militant
1013:
believed that Massey undermined the military leadership by conceding (in contrast to the official line) that conditions for the troops were unsatisfactory. The war reinforced Massey's strong belief in the
British Empire and New Zealand's links with it. He attended the
911:
the Reform Party won more seats than the
Liberal Party but did not gain an absolute majority. The Liberals, relying on support from independents who had not joined Reform, were able to stay in power until the following year, when they lost a vote of confidence.
1078:
any applicant was "suitable." Prime
Minister William Massey asserted that the act was "the result of a deep seated sentiment on the part of a huge majority of the people of this country that this Dominion shall be what is often called a 'white' New Zealand."
1061:, which was growing increasingly influential. Massey also found himself fighting off criticism from within his own party, including charges that he was ignoring rural concerns. He dissolved the coalition in 1919, and fought both the
2547:
1048:
1056:
Partly because of the difficulty in obtaining consensus to implement meaningful policies, the coalition government had grown increasingly unpopular by the end of the war. Massey was particularly worried by the rise of the
2577:
954:
Legion of
Frontiersmen assisted him greatly during this period as a number of mounted units, including Levin Troop, rode to Wellington in mufti and assisted as Special Constables. In the Levin Troop was a young
458:, Ireland. His father John Massey and his mother Marianne (or Mary Anne, née Ferguson) were tenant farmers who also owned a small property. His family arrived in New Zealand on 21 October 1862 on board the
2552:
2537:
1578:
M. Brewer, 'New Zealand and the Légion d'honneur: Officiers, Commandeurs and Dignites', The Volunteers: The Journal of the New Zealand Military Historical Society, 35(3), March 2010, p.136.
2517:
2429:
2562:
2044:
2497:
2557:
2522:
2532:
438:
was a decisive victory over all other parties. Following increasingly poor health in his fourth term, Massey died in office. After Richard Seddon, he is the second-
1539:
439:
2587:
2572:
1000:
left Massey and his political opponents stalemated in parliament, with neither side possessing enough support to govern effectively. Massey reluctantly invited
2492:
2527:
1136:
the socially liberal wing to Labour and the economically liberal wing to Reform. He set about trying to ensure that Reform's gain would be the greater.
980:
2582:
2329:
2037:
1248:
102:
1997:
1241:
848:
536:
229:
179:
2512:
2502:
1816:
2174:
2057:
1928:
852:
146:
106:
1014:
2394:
2360:
2164:
1896:
1682:
1479:
1460:
138:
2456:
2388:
2030:
1033:
925:
400:
167:
2242:
1346:
1091:
2124:
1979:
1918:
1397:
598:
544:
2542:
2004:
1631:
1411:
1351:
1233:
1132:
997:
961:
Amongst the first Acts enacted by Massey's government was one that "enabled some 13,000 Crown tenants to purchase their own farms."
908:
874:
863:
815:
792:
769:
746:
706:
683:
660:
637:
623:
612:
552:
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206:
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2424:
1945:
1268:
110:
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1306:
31:
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on behalf of New Zealand. Although turning down knighthoods and a peerage, he accepted appointment as a Grand Officer of the
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372:
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on a platform of patriotism, stability, support for farmers, and a public works program. He successfully gained a majority.
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2322:
2053:
1886:
984:
On 29 June 1918, Massey and Ward began a visit to New Zealand troops in France. This photo shows them on their arrival in
941:
419:
against the Liberal government. Throughout his political career Massey was known for the particular support he showed for
377:
71:
2487:
2237:
2079:
1784:
The Right Honourable William Ferguson Massey, M.P., P.C., Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1912–1925: a personal biography
1206:
1022:
904:
from his New Zealand Political Reform League. The party was to be led by him and backed by his conservative colleagues.
1802:
855:, was able to command only 15 votes. Massey brought increased vigour to the conservative faction and became opposition
1222:
821:
798:
775:
752:
712:
689:
666:
643:
618:
593:
1553:
1119:
2451:
2446:
2338:
1827:
901:
831:
808:
785:
762:
739:
722:
699:
676:
653:
630:
605:
587:
540:
381:
301:
2567:
2406:
1062:
1005:
844:
532:
497:
404:
1856:
1090:
and anti-Soviet sentiments. He disliked domestic socialist elements like the "Red Feds", the predecessor to the
2315:
2074:
1229:
1095:
1066:
1058:
869:
As leader, the conservatives rallied for a time, though support for the Liberals increased markedly during the
345:
1837:
946:
416:
1755:
1963:
1588:
1218:
564:
484:
314:
200:
1139:
In 1924 cancer forced him to relinquish many of his official duties, and the following year he died. The
2179:
1821:
1372:
1237:
839:
Massey joined the ranks of the (mostly conservative) independent MPs opposing the Liberal Party, led by
341:
2482:
2477:
2022:
1273:
1152:
1107:
1018:
43:
2144:
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to form a war-time coalition, created in 1915. While Massey remained prime minister, Ward gained
455:
388:
273:
1855:
55:
2400:
2282:
1678:
1627:
1533:
1407:
1148:
1040:, with Massey University scholar Matt Wynyard claiming he was "behind its utter devastation".
950:
517:
114:
1775:
The life of Rt. Hon. W.F. Massey P.C., L.L.D. : Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1912–1925
2154:
1879:
1836:
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1026:
955:
424:
126:
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1911:
1751:
1622:
Wilson, Tony (2004). "Chapter 6: Defining the Red Menace". In Trapeznik, Alexander (ed.).
1437:
1337:
1177:
1140:
993:
878:
870:
856:
428:
1651:
1247:
His son Frank George Massey (1887–1975) enlisted in World War I, and transferred to the
1052:
Massey addressing New Zealand machine gunners at Bois-De-Warnimont, France, 30 June 1918
2272:
2227:
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2114:
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1938:
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399:) and assumed leadership in farmers' organisations. He entered parliament in 1894 as a
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2014:
1202:
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From ploughboy to premier: a new life of the Right Hon. William Ferguson Massey, P.C
843:. They were poorly organised and dispirited, and had little chance of unseating the
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1972:
1103:
920:
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1401:
1098:. As Prime Minister, Massey was opposed to Communist influence. He regarded the
2257:
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2209:
2199:
2149:
2119:
1373:"Massey, William Ferguson – Biography – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
1001:
889:
885:
420:
415:. Massey became the first Reform Party Prime Minister after he led a successful
412:
191:
1820:
2247:
1955:
1861:
1801:(2011), short scholarly biography; emphasis on Paris Peace Conference of 1919
1099:
1086:
According to New Zealand historian Tony Wilson, Massey was known for his anti-
513:
509:
476:
475:, Massey worked as a farmhand for some years before acquiring his own farm in
290:
384:, New Zealand's second organised political party, from 1909 until his death.
2215:
1557:
1341:
1144:
1087:
403:, and from 1894 to 1912 was a leader of the conservative opposition to the
17:
1677:. North Shore, Auckland: Massey University University Press. p. 112.
1151:
is named after him, the name chosen because the university had a focus on
2262:
985:
451:
450:
Massey was born in 1856 into a Protestant farming family, and grew up in
392:
269:
92:
1843:
1792:
A Great New Zealand Prime Minister? Reappraising William Ferguson Massey
1425:
Massey's British Israelite philosophy was extreme, not to say eccentric.
970:
All we are and all we have is at the disposal of the British Government.
877:. Massey's political career survived the period: despite a challenge by
1403:
The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century
1198:
391:
in Ireland. After migrating to New Zealand in 1870, Massey farmed near
434:
Massey led his Reform Party through four elections, although only the
376:(26 March 1856 – 10 May 1925) was a politician who served as the 19th
1172:
1118:
1047:
1037:
1025:
from the King of Belgium in March 1921 and a Grand Officer of the
979:
919:
468:
1296:
Obituary William Ferguson Massey Londonderry Sentinel 12 May 1925
958:, who would shortly earn the Victoria Cross near Beaumont Hamel.
2548:
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1893 New Zealand general election
881:, he remained the most prominent opponent to the Liberal Party.
2311:
2307:
2026:
380:
from May 1912 to May 1925. He was the founding leader of the
2578:
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1612:
New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, 14 September 1920, p. 905.
1277:. Vol. XVIII, no. 1638. 21 October 1862. p. 2.
1502:. Vol. LXVVII, no. 36. 12 February 1909. p. 8
1406:. W. W. Norton & Company (published 2014). p. 108.
1739:
Gardner, William J. "The Rise of W. F. Massey, 1891–1912",
1714:
Farmer Bill: William Ferguson Massey & the Reform Party
1236:
from 1928 to 1935, and from 1938 to 1957 for National; and
1032:
Massey has also been criticised for his policies regarding
527:
Massey stood as a candidate in the general election in the
1727:
An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock
427:. He pledged New Zealand's support for Britain during the
1842:
483:, in 1876. In 1882 he married his neighbour's daughter,
1554:"New Zealand Prime Minister signs Treaty of Versailles"
1444:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. p. 126.
1147:
in Wellington, paid for mostly by public subscription.
900:
In February 1909, Massey announced the creation of the
1648:"DPMC - New Zealand Honours: History of Royal Honours"
1131:
Economic problems lessened support for Reform. In the
1743:(March 1961) 13: 3–30; and "W. F. Massey in Power",
2553:
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
2439:
2417:
2381:
2347:
351:
336:
308:
297:
280:
256:
251:
235:
223:
197:
185:
173:
163:
144:
132:
120:
98:
88:
69:
41:
2538:Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
945:enmity of many workers with his harsh response to
975:Cable from Massey to the British Government, 1914
968:
27:Prime minister of New Zealand from 1912 to 1925
884:After Seddon's death the Liberals were led by
873:, leaving the conservatives devastated at the
862:By June 1900, following a heavy defeat at the
555:, which he represented until he died in 1925.
2518:New Zealand people of Ulster-Scottish descent
2323:
2038:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
932:to celebrate their assumption of government.
8:
2563:New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
1155:, matching Massey's own farming background.
1029:by the President of France in October 1921.
539:. In early 1894 he was invited to contest a
471:. After arriving on 10 December 1870 on the
2498:Leaders of political parties in New Zealand
2054:Premiers and prime ministers of New Zealand
1838:"Massey, Right Hon. William Ferguson"
1626:. Otago University Press. pp. 101–02.
1442:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
1251:where he commanded a battalion as a Major.
996:diverted attention from these matters. The
30:For other people named William Massey, see
2330:
2316:
2308:
2045:
2031:
2023:
1868:
1538:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1232:(1885–1964), who represented his father's
54:
38:
1478:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson1985 (
1459:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson1985 (
463:his uncle Matthew Ferguson at Sheephill,
159:11 September 1903 – 10 July 1912
2558:New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
1790:Watson, James, and Lachy Paterson, eds.
1519:
1517:
562:
423:interests, as well as his opposition to
2523:Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
1716:, Wellington: First Edition Publishers.
1707:, London: John Marlowe Savage & Co.
1260:
2533:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
1531:
1473:
1454:
892:and the supposed threat of socialism.
219:4 December 1896 – 10 May 1925
581:
578:
7:
2588:Agriculture ministers of New Zealand
2573:19th-century New Zealand politicians
2457:Historic conservatism in New Zealand
1756:"Massey, William Ferguson 1856–1925"
467:and from there he went to school in
2493:Ministers of finance of New Zealand
1760:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
1347:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
1228:Two of his sons became Reform MPs:
1225:in 1926, one year after his death.
84:10 July 1912 – 10 May 1925
1980:Member of Parliament for Waitemata
543:in the neighbouring electorate of
25:
2528:Deaths from cancer in New Zealand
2005:Member of Parliament for Franklin
1352:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
2583:British emigrants to New Zealand
2294:
2293:
1822:"Massey, William Ferguson"
1191:
1176:
1165:
1092:New Zealand Federation of Labour
1721:Gardner, William James (1966),
442:Prime Minister of New Zealand.
326:
32:William Massey (disambiguation)
2513:Prime ministers of New Zealand
2503:Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
1786:, Wellington, : Harry H. Tombs
504:. Massey was a member of the
1:
1887:Prime Minister of New Zealand
1773:Massey, D. Christine (1996),
1589:"William Massey was a Racist"
1240:(1882–1959), who represented
547:, and was victorious. In the
395:(earning his later nickname,
378:prime minister of New Zealand
72:prime minister of New Zealand
1782:Scholefield, Guy H. (1925),
1675:For King and Other Countries
1528:, Killinchy, UK, p. 116
1287:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
1023:Order of the Crown (Belgium)
1852:Alexander Thom and Son Ltd.
1249:British Expeditionary Force
1044:Coalition with the Liberals
951:waterfront workers' strikes
531:electorate, losing to the
487:. They had seven children.
2604:
1794:(2010), essays by scholars
1723:"MASSEY, William Ferguson"
1342:"Massey, William Ferguson"
1123:Portrait of Massey by Sir
29:
2291:
2065:
2011:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1952:
1943:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1876:
1871:
1817:Atkinson, Arthur Richmond
1777:, Auckland, : D.C. Massey
1624:Lenin's Legacy Down Under
1309:. Oxford DNB. 10 May 1925
825:
802:
779:
756:
731:
716:
693:
670:
647:
622:
597:
575:
572:
362:
247:
212:
152:
77:
65:
53:
2543:Political party founders
1799:W.F. Massey: New Zealand
1703:Constable, H.J. (1925),
1096:New Zealand Labour Party
853:Leader of the Opposition
147:Leader of the Opposition
99:Governors‑General
1828:Encyclopædia Britannica
1712:Farland, Bruce (2009),
1017:in 1919 and signed the
940:Massey was sworn in as
417:motion of no confidence
369:William Ferguson Massey
48:William Ferguson Massey
2407:William Downie Stewart
1964:New Zealand Parliament
1845:Thom's Irish Who's Who
1128:
1053:
1015:Paris Peace Conference
989:
978:
937:
733:Changed allegiance to:
566:New Zealand Parliament
491:Early political career
201:New Zealand Parliament
1673:Harper, Glyn (2019).
1122:
1106:, which followed the
1051:
983:
934:New Zealand Spectator
923:
875:1902 general election
864:1899 general election
2508:People from Limavady
1919:Minister of Railways
1274:Daily Southern Cross
1153:agricultural science
1108:Bolshevik Revolution
1019:Treaty of Versailles
992:The outbreak of the
485:Christina Allan Paul
315:Christina Allan Paul
103:John Dickson-Poynder
44:The Right Honourable
2488:Irish Presbyterians
1872:Government offices
1747:(Sept. 1961), 3–30.
1524:Allen, Sam (1985),
1244:from 1931 to 1935.
1234:Franklin electorate
1143:was erected as his
569:
553:Franklin electorate
387:Massey was born in
1946:Minister of Police
1904:Political offices
1526:To Ulster's Credit
1494:"The Reform Party"
1269:"Port of Onehunga"
1221:, was awarded the
1207:Order of the Crown
1129:
1054:
990:
938:
563:
456:County Londonderry
389:County Londonderry
274:County Londonderry
2465:
2464:
2401:William Nosworthy
2366:
2305:
2304:
2021:
2020:
2012:Succeeded by
1987:Succeeded by
1953:Succeeded by
1926:Succeeded by
1894:Succeeded by
1745:Political Science
1741:Political Science
1684:978-0-9951029-9-6
1149:Massey University
1102:(1919–20) in the
837:
836:
551:he stood for the
518:British Israelite
366:
365:
115:Charles Fergusson
16:(Redirected from
2595:
2568:Irish Freemasons
2440:Related articles
2364:
2341:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2024:
1995:Preceded by
1970:Preceded by
1936:Preceded by
1909:Preceded by
1880:Thomas Mackenzie
1877:Preceded by
1869:
1865:
1859:
1849:
1840:
1832:
1831:(12th ed.).
1824:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1752:Gustafson, Barry
1736:
1735:
1733:
1717:
1708:
1689:
1688:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1654:on 4 August 2011
1650:. Archived from
1644:
1638:
1637:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1593:Massive Magazine
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1499:The Evening Post
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1471:
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1438:Scholefield, Guy
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1338:Gustafson, Barry
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1195:
1194:
1186:Legion of Honour
1180:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1034:phosphate mining
1027:Legion of Honour
976:
956:Bernard Freyberg
729:1909–1911
570:
567:
473:City of Auckland
425:organised labour
375:
330:
328:
287:
266:
264:
252:Personal details
238:
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188:
176:
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139:Sir Francis Bell
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127:Thomas Mackenzie
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2301:
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2061:
2051:
2017:
2008:
2000:
1998:Benjamin Harris
1990:
1983:
1975:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1914:
1912:William Herries
1899:
1890:
1882:
1835:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1797:Watson, James.
1781:
1772:
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1702:
1698:
1696:Further reading
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1560:. 30 April 2019
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1414:
1400:(12 May 2014).
1398:Reynolds, David
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998:1914 election
995:
987:
982:
971:
964:
962:
959:
957:
952:
948:
943:
935:
931:
927:
922:
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913:
910:
909:1911 election
905:
903:
895:
893:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
860:
858:
854:
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833:
830:
828:
823:
820:
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764:
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607:
604:
602:
600:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
571:
568:
558:
556:
554:
550:
549:1896 election
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:John Ballance
499:
498:Liberal Party
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
460:Indian Empire
457:
453:
445:
443:
441:
437:
436:1919 election
432:
430:
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422:
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410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
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385:
383:
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340:7, including
339:
335:
316:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:, New Zealand
292:
283:
279:
276:, Ireland, UK
275:
271:
267:26 March 1856
259:
255:
250:
246:
243:
242:Ewen McLennan
240:
234:
231:
228:
222:
216:
211:
208:
202:
196:
193:
190:
184:
181:
178:
172:
169:
166:
162:
156:
151:
148:
143:
140:
137:
131:
128:
125:
119:
116:
112:
111:John Jellicoe
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2447:United Party
2395:Francis Bell
2361:Francis Bell
2354:
2340:Reform Party
2214:
2159:
2003:
1989:Richard Monk
1978:
1973:Richard Monk
1944:
1917:
1897:Francis Bell
1885:
1860:– via
1844:
1826:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1774:
1763:, retrieved
1759:
1744:
1740:
1730:, retrieved
1726:
1713:
1704:
1674:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1642:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1548:
1525:
1504:. Retrieved
1497:
1488:
1469:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1424:
1417:. Retrieved
1402:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1345:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:"Oxford DNB"
1301:
1292:
1283:
1272:
1263:
1246:
1227:
1216:
1138:
1130:
1104:Soviet Union
1085:
1076:
1059:Labour Party
1055:
1031:
1009:
991:
969:
960:
939:
933:
906:
902:Reform Party
899:
896:Reform Party
883:
868:
861:
838:
818:–1925
795:–1922
772:–1919
749:–1914
732:
723:Conservative
709:–1909
700:Conservative
686:–1908
677:Conservative
663:–1905
654:Conservative
640:–1902
631:Conservative
615:–1899
606:Conservative
590:–1896
522:
506:Orange Order
496:against the
494:
472:
459:
449:
433:
401:conservative
396:
386:
382:Reform Party
368:
367:
356:Stan Goosman
286:(1925-05-10)
237:Succeeded by
214:
187:Succeeded by
154:
134:Succeeded by
79:
36:
2483:1925 deaths
2478:1856 births
2418:Governments
2409:(1928–1933)
2403:(1925–1928)
2397:(1920–1925)
2391:(1909–1920)
2389:James Allen
2373:(1925–1936)
2357:(1909–1925)
1474:Wilson 1985
1455:Wilson 1985
1357:10 December
1217:His widow,
1073:Immigration
1002:Joseph Ward
926:James Allen
924:Massey and
886:Joseph Ward
579:Electorate
541:by-election
535:candidate,
413:Joseph Ward
397:Farmer Bill
304:(from 1909)
284:10 May 1925
225:Preceded by
192:Joseph Ward
175:Preceded by
168:James Allen
122:Preceded by
18:Bill Massey
2472:Categories
2145:Hall-Jones
2100:Waterhouse
2009:1896–1925
1984:1894–1896
1956:Ernest Lee
1950:1919–1920
1923:1919–1922
1891:1912–1925
1862:Wikisource
1850:. Dublin:
1419:18 January
1255:References
1127:. Undated.
1100:Red Terror
1094:, and the
559:Opposition
514:Freemasons
510:Oddfellows
465:Ballykelly
446:Early life
291:Wellington
263:1856-03-26
2430:Coalition
2155:Mackenzie
1857:161
1598:25 August
1558:NZHistory
1440:(1950) .
1219:Christina
1145:mausoleum
1088:Bolshevik
930:Bellamy's
928:head for
826:Franklin
803:Franklin
780:Franklin
757:Franklin
717:Franklin
694:Franklin
671:Franklin
648:Franklin
599:Waitemata
545:Waitemata
352:Relatives
215:In office
155:In office
80:In office
2299:Category
2218:(acting)
2205:Marshall
2195:Holyoake
2135:Ballance
2115:Atkinson
2090:Whitaker
2080:Stafford
1819:(1922).
1765:24 April
1732:24 April
1564:29 March
1534:citation
1506:23 March
1382:29 March
1313:29 March
1063:Liberals
1010:de facto
1006:Liberals
986:Boulogne
973:—
890:unionism
845:Liberals
624:Franklin
529:Franklin
452:Limavady
421:agrarian
393:Auckland
358:(nephew)
337:Children
270:Limavady
207:Franklin
93:George V
2365:interim
2278:Hipkins
2268:English
2253:Shipley
2228:Muldoon
2223:Rowling
2190:Holland
1803:excerpt
1242:Hauraki
1205:of the
1199:Belgium
1184:of the
1159:Honours
1004:of the
988:, 1918.
947:miners'
907:In the
533:Liberal
520:ideas.
477:Māngere
405:Liberal
331:
323:
319:
89:Monarch
2273:Ardern
2248:Bolger
2238:Palmer
2185:Fraser
2180:Savage
2175:Forbes
2170:Coates
2160:Massey
2140:Seddon
2110:Pollen
2085:Domett
2070:Sewell
1847:
1681:
1658:20 May
1630:
1410:
1213:Family
1196:
1173:France
1170:
1111:1935.
1067:Labour
851:, the
832:Reform
809:Reform
786:Reform
763:Reform
740:Reform
582:Party
573:Years
512:, and
342:Walter
309:Spouse
302:Reform
164:Deputy
2425:First
2367:1925)
2283:Luxon
2258:Clark
2243:Moore
2233:Lange
2130:Stout
2105:Vogel
1038:Nauru
576:Term
469:Derry
325:(
321:
70:19th
2216:Watt
2210:Kirk
2200:Nash
2165:Bell
2150:Ward
2125:Hall
2120:Grey
2095:Weld
2058:list
1767:2008
1734:2008
1679:ISBN
1660:2014
1628:ISBN
1600:2023
1566:2020
1540:link
1508:2016
1480:help
1461:help
1421:2016
1408:ISBN
1384:2016
1359:2011
1315:2016
1230:Jack
1065:and
949:and
857:whip
822:21st
816:1922
799:20th
793:1919
776:19th
770:1914
753:18th
747:1911
713:17th
707:1908
690:16th
684:1905
667:15th
661:1902
644:14th
638:1899
619:13th
613:1896
594:12th
588:1894
525:1893
411:and
346:Jack
344:and
281:Died
257:Born
205:for
145:5th
2263:Key
2075:Fox
1223:GBE
1036:in
523:In
2474::
1841:.
1825:.
1758:,
1754:,
1725:,
1591:.
1556:.
1536:}}
1532:{{
1516:^
1496:.
1423:.
1375:.
1350:.
1344:.
1340:.
1323:^
1271:.
1201::
1175::
859:.
847:.
508:,
479:,
454:,
431:.
373:PC
327:m.
272:,
2363:(
2331:e
2324:t
2317:v
2060:)
2056:(
2046:e
2039:t
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