515:, the line was to make a direct crossing of the Eastern Counties main line at Witham. Part of the authorisation included improvement to the Maldon harbour. In fact the BW&MR directors sold the unbuilt line to the Eastern Counties Railway a few months after getting Parliamentary authority. The ECR altered the arrangement at Witham, so that both arms of the line ran to the ECR Witham station, in effect forming two branch lines from there. The ECR opened the line in 1848, but failed to improve the harbour facilities at Maldon, on the River Blackwater.
604:
570:
578:
had already contributed 75% more than had been expected towards the construction. A hiatus followed in which a rift between the Great
Eastern Railway and Brassey became particularly marked, as Brassey waited for his money. At the same time the GER solicitor reminded the Board that the BSD&BR company had no ordinary shareholders, and had already exceeded its permitted debenture borrowings. As the GER wanted the line completed, for the tactical reasons already described, then it would have to find the money.
1379:
630:
an inspection for the Board of Trade on 28 January 1869. He found many deficiencies, most of which seem predictable. Interlocking at Dunmow had not been attended to; turntables were not yet ready even though this was a definite requirement by the BoT (for tender engine operation); drains were blocked by leaf fall during the period of operational dormancy; and fencing was incomplete. Yolland refused permission to open the line.
335:
318:
311:
327:
113:
289:
267:
245:
223:
201:
179:
157:
135:
77:
524:
705:
Dunmow, and
Braintree to Felsted for sugar beet traffic only. The forwarding of sugar beet from Hertford line stations to Felsted factory suddenly became very lengthy and roundabout, and the business quickly transferred to road, leaving only outgoing pulp traffic to be transported by rail. This resulted in the beet traffic being discontinued completely from 1 April 1969.
442:
658:
with retractable steps, operated by the guard, for passengers at the two halts to use. At the same time the conductor-guard method of working was introduced: the guard issued the tickets for the halts. All the coaches on the passenger trains had a central corridor throughout so that the guard could pass through the train for ticket issuing purposes.
549:, the contractor, to deal with the situation, and there is a constant stream of requests from Brassey for money for work carried out, and for facilities that the owners should provide. Land acquired by the Company was far too narrow for the track bed and necessary earthworks, and Brassey himself had to purchase additional strips of land.
764:
The track-bed west of Start Hill to Bishop’s
Stortford was severed in 1975 when the M11 motorway was built. In 1980 Essex County Council bought the land as a route for an upgraded A120. However, the Council decided to turn the land into a linear country park; the Flitch Way Country Park was opened in
531:
In 1859 businesspeople from the general area projected a railway through the town, linking
Bishops Stortford and Braintree. They sought advice from the Eastern Counties Railway, testing whether their line would be welcome. At the time the ECR Board were fearing a possible incursion into the territory
677:
The
Braintree station was also used by trains on the branch line from Witham, and the station and the short length of the line to Braintree Goods Junction remained in use for trains to and from Witham. Braintree has accelerated as a commuter dormitory and the line was electrified on 31 October 1977.
661:
The geopolitical events of two world wars had little lasting effect on the line, although Sunday trains were introduced “to help the war effort” in
October 1914. The railway reorganisations of grouping and nationalisation seemed to lead only to changes of names of the owning company -- to the London
629:
years; Brassey's account was unpaid, and at this late stage Col
Yolland of the Board of Trade had to insist on turntables being provided at Bishops Stortford and Braintree, as well as some signal interlocking alterations. Now at last the GER was hastening the opening of the line and Col Yolland made
506:
Communities on these main line railways immediately benefitted from faster transport and reduced transport costs, and places not served by the new railways suffered correspondingly. For some, branch lines seemed to be the solution, and in 1846 the
Braintree, Witham and Maldon Railway (BW&MR) was
708:
A corresponding decline took place on the western section of the line, and from 1 April 1969 only a private siding used for Geest
Industries banana traffic was in use, the rest of the route having been closed. The Geest traffic could hardly support the line on its own, and from 17 February 1972 the
648:
The majority of the single line route was subject to normal signalling arrangements, but the GER had never set up a system for the short distance from the
Braintree station to Braintree Goods Junction, the point of divergence to the old station for the Witham line, now serving as the goods station.
595:
It had long been plain that the BSD&BR company was incapable of bringing the construction to a conclusion, and all its financial outgoings were being made by the Great Eastern Railway. It was decided that the Company should be purchased by the GER. This was ratified by the Great Eastern Railway
577:
The BSD&BR asked Thomas Brassey, the contractor, to make good the shortcomings, but Brassey was already nettled at the failure of the company to pay his certified accounts, and he declined to carry out the remedial works until he was paid. The BSD&BR had no money and the GER noted that they
665:
The enhanced passenger service continued in subsequent years, but the inexorable progress of road transport made a huge impact on the line, as passengers transferred to bus services. This led eventually to a decision to close the passenger service on the line; it ceased to operate on 3 March 1952.
657:
Bus competition was being felt in reducing passenger business on the line, and in reaction the GER opened two new halts, at Stane Street and Bannister Green on 18 December 1922. Both halts consisted of a small area of clinker surface at track level. One vehicle in each passenger train was equipped
704:
The viaduct at Dunmow had given concern, and in 1966 the matter came to a head, when it was found that £120,000 would be needed to make it safe for continuing use. The decision was taken to close it from 18 April 1966. From that date the branch was divided into two sections, Bishop's Stortford to
611:
The firm of Valentine and Wilson had been commissioned by the GER as valuers to examine the state of the railway as constructed, prior to the agreement leading to the 1868 Act. It may suggest the state of the administration of the Company at that time, that Valentine and Wilson’s account for £403
599:
Financial difficulties dragged on; the GER was not free of financial problems itself, and the dispute with Thomas Brassey over completion of the construction works and compliance with the specification became protracted. Eventually a difficult agreement was concluded and, with the possibility of
565:
on 20 November 1866. Yolland found a number of deficiencies and declined to approve opening to passenger traffic. In particular, at Bishops Stortford no arrangements had been made by the GER to accommodate the trains from the Braintree line, and the station was considered too small to handle the
411:
was the dominant railway company in the area, and saw the line as a blocker, to prevent the incursion of a rival line, so they felt obliged to support it. However they themselves had other pressing priorities, both managerial and financial, at the time, and for some time the construction was in
536:
Railway was being proposed, and such a line would bisect the ECR area of control. At this period in railway history, dominance in any particular geographical area was considered to be key to commercial success. After commissioning a survey of the route in 1860, the ECR declared that they would
695:
was adapted with the necessary changeover equipment to enable the Road-Railer to transfer from road to rail haulage travelling mode, and vice versa. After extensive trials the Road-Railer proved unsuitable for the freight transport requirements of the period and the scheme was abandoned. The
755:
The Flitch Way is a 15 mile (km) long-distance walking route that follows the track-bed of the former Bishop’s Stortford to Braintree branch railway. The route of the path is from Start Hill (51°52'13"N 0°12'18"E) near Bishop’s Stortford to Braintree railway station (51°52'32"N 0°33'24"E).
581:
In addition, the period allowed by Parliament for completion of the construction phase had already been exceeded, and the dragging out of a decision on carrying out completion works meant that Thomas Brassey's obligation to maintain the railway for the first year was becoming unreasonable.
415:
The line opened in 1869, and the BSD&BR company was absorbed into the Great Eastern Railway. Goods traffic developed healthily in the agricultural district served, but intermediate passenger business was slow. A sugar beet processing plant provided a considerable boost for the line.
600:
arbitration still in place, the matter was ratified by the Bishop’s Stortford, Dunmow and Braintree Railway Act of 31 July 1868, which confirmed the absorption of the railway by the Great Eastern Railway. It was calculated that the cost of constructing the line had been £188,779.
662:
and North Eastern Railway in 1923 and to British Railways in 1948. However British Railways operated an enhanced service of seven passenger trains each way Monday to Friday, six on Saturdays, nearly all running through to Witham. There were four goods trains each way.
419:
Nevertheless, the decline in passenger carryings led to closure to passengers in 1952. General goods and certain specific traffics continued, but failure of a viaduct severed the route intermediately in 1966 and the line closed completely in 1972, except that the
773:
The route is useable for walkers and cyclists throughout its length, and is suitable for horses part of the way. The route is part of the National Cycle Network Route 16. The path is identified by waymarks and is shown on Ordnance Survey mapping.
544:
Subscriptions for shares in the line were very slow to come, but the GER had already determined that its interests lay in keeping interlopers out of the district, so it was ready to pay for the construction. However it was left to
690:
container vehicles developed by British Railways. At the time this was thought to be the solution to the last-mile problem, of getting to and from industrial premises that were not located adjacent to a railway. The goods yard at
745:
Braintree; terminus of line from Witham; opened 2 October 1848; replaced by new station on extension to Bishops Stortford 22 February 1869; renamed Braintree & Bocking 19 October 1910; renamed Braintree 6 May 1968; still
566:
extra traffic. At Braintree the line to Bishops Stortford diverged some distance from the existing terminus; the intention was to work trains in and out of the old terminus by reversing, an arrangement deprecated by Yolland.
540:
The proposal went to Parliament, and the Bishops Stortford, Dunmow and Braintree Railway was authorised on 22 July 1861. Share capital was to be £120,000. The London and Bury St Edmunds Railway proposal was abandoned.
633:
Yolland made a further inspection visit on 18 February 1869, and while not everything was perfectly complete, Yolland felt able to give the necessary consent, and this was received formally by the GER on 20 February.
468:(N&ER) reached the town. The N&ER was planning to advance on York, but its lack of financial resources made that impossible. On the first day of 1844 the company agreed to lease its line for 999 years to the
38:
407:. It was promoted independently by the Bishop’s Stortford, Dunmow and Braintree Railway (BSD&BR) company, but the directors failed to generate subscriptions, or to manage the construction properly. The
1230:
31:
847:
A common condition in new works construction was, and is, the obligation to maintain the new works for a year; this corresponds to a warranty offered on modern-day technical purchases.
669:
The previous use of the line may be judged from Paye's remark that "the withdrawal of the passenger service brought little change to the branch, as freight services continued."
1618:
24:
1223:
1216:
645:
The first train service consisted of three passenger trains each way. By 1897 the service had increased to five passenger trains and two goods trains each way.
1628:
1203:
Andy T Wallis, Bishop's Stortford, Braintree, Witham & Maldon Railways Through Time, Amberley Publishing, Stroud, 2013, ISBN 978-1445608563
1239:
1623:
1603:
1282:
344:
165:
121:
1403:
275:
1446:
1613:
1304:
649:
It was worked by pilotman, whose wages amounted to £132 annually. In 1922 the GER decided to install the Electric Tablet system.
1608:
297:
1521:
1270:
465:
231:
58:
1526:
1352:
1501:
1562:
1347:
1332:
1476:
603:
1582:
1496:
1342:
1327:
1265:
469:
736:
Felstead; opened 22 February 1869; renamed Felsted 5 June 1950; closed 3 March 1952; line closed 1970 to east;
1577:
1362:
1357:
1322:
1292:
508:
450:
253:
187:
569:
449:
The town of Dunmow was significant enough to warrant being on a London to York Railway of 1835 proposed by
1481:
1337:
209:
97:
612:
remained unpaid until they repeatedly asked for settlement, and a duplicate account was sent in by them.
457:
Railway was authorised to extend to Great Dunmow, but the line as constructed never reached further than
1572:
1456:
1413:
1287:
730:
Easton Lodge Halt; opened 2 September 1895; closed 3 March 1952; line closed 1972 to west; 1969 to east;
425:
408:
361:
143:
87:
1506:
396:
718:
Bishop's Stortford; opened 16 May 1842; still open; main line opened 1842 from south; 1845 northwards;
1557:
1552:
1299:
1260:
1144:
1567:
1531:
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1393:
1378:
1511:
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1471:
1425:
1277:
781:
1398:
477:
421:
404:
1408:
809:
558:
533:
481:
1060:, Countryside Books, Newbury, 1999 reprinted 2000, ISBN 1 85306 595 1, pages 130 and 131
491:
Further east the Eastern Counties Railway had opened a line from its London terminal to
1516:
1461:
1208:
813:
562:
546:
458:
1007:, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1968 reprinted 1977, ISBN 0 7153 7431 1, page 117
1597:
819:
805:
791:
454:
1536:
1451:
1005:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: volume V: the Eastern Counties
615:
Still the GER delayed opening the line, which had been substantially completed for
400:
464:
Bishops Stortford became connected to the railway network on 16 May 1842 when the
1165:
823:
488:. The ECR opened its line to from Bishops Stortford to Brandon on 29 July 1845.
1441:
733:
Dunmow; opened 22 February 1869; closed 3 March 1952 line closed 1966 to east;
687:
496:
492:
395:
was an 18-mile-long (29 km) railway line connecting existing railways at
1418:
799:
523:
473:
17:
1486:
785:
709:
line was closed completely, when the banana traffic transferred to road.
441:
692:
485:
827:
795:
512:
500:
1113:, Ian Allan Limited, Shepperton, 1988, ISBN 0 7110 1392 6, page 154
739:
Bannister Green Halt; opened 18 December 1922; closed 3 March 1952;
937:, Matador, Kibworth Beauchamp, 2017, ISBN 978 1785893 537, page50
1212:
915:, Lightmoor Press Lydney, 2016, ISBN 978 1 911 038 16 0, page 9
882:
An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles
788:
to Hatfield Forest Country Park) adjoins at Hatfield Forest,
724:
Stane Street; opened 18 December 1922; closed 3 March 1952;
686:
In July 1960 the branch was used for demonstrating the new
596:(Bishop's Stortford Railway Purchase) Act of 29 June 1865.
696:
demonstration vehicles were scrapped at Stratford Works.
507:
authorised. Joining Braintree to a small harbour on the
721:
Hockerill; opened 7 November 1910; closed 3 March 1952;
424:
station continues in use as the terminal of the active
1047:, Stenlake Publishing Ltd, 2014, ISBN 978 1 84033 6702
727:
Takeley; opened 22 February 1869; closed 3 March 1952;
742:
Rayne; opened 22 February 1869; closed 3 March 1952;
1545:
1434:
1386:
1315:
1253:
1246:
935:
Directory of the Railway Companies of Great Britain
642:The line opened for traffic on 21 February 1869.
871:, Ian Allan, London, 1955 reprint 1968, page 11
794:(a 141-mile (227 km) figure-of-eight walk from
472:(ECR). The ECR obtained authority to extend to
532:they considered to be their own. A London and
1224:
32:
8:
999:
997:
995:
1619:Closed railway lines in the East of England
1250:
1231:
1217:
1209:
1130:
1128:
66:
39:
25:
985:
983:
981:
979:
777:The Flitch Way adjoins four named paths:
602:
568:
557:The construction process continued, and
522:
453:, but that came to nothing. In 1860 the
440:
393:Bishop's Stortford–Braintree branch line
334:
326:
860:
840:
822:(a 9-mile (14.4 km) walk following the
22:
1184:
1182:
586:Absorbed by the Great Eastern Railway
7:
1240:Railway lines in the East of England
1091:, in Railway Magazine, October 1977
495:, on 7 March 1843, running through
484:there and form a through route to
14:
1404:London, Tilbury and Southend line
884:, Cassell, London, 1959, page 319
1377:
333:
325:
316:
309:
287:
265:
243:
221:
199:
177:
155:
133:
111:
75:
317:
310:
1629:1869 establishments in England
830:) adjoins at Braintree station
808:(a 71-mile (114 km) walk from
112:
1:
1111:The Age of the Electric Train
802:and back) adjoins at Takeley,
784:(a 25-mile (40 km) walk from
288:
266:
244:
222:
200:
178:
156:
134:
76:
1624:Railway lines closed in 1972
1604:Railway lines opened in 1869
1447:Birmingham–Peterborough line
1058:Lost Railways of East Anglia
466:Northern and Eastern Railway
1166:"Friends of the Flitch Way"
816:) adjoins at Little Dunmow,
561:inspected the line for the
1645:
1563:Lincolnshire Wolds Railway
1045:The Lost Railways of Essex
1583:Mid-Suffolk Light Railway
1522:Peterborough–Lincoln line
1497:Hertford East branch line
1375:
869:The Great Eastern Railway
607:Braintree railway station
358:
350:
343:
303:
296:
281:
274:
259:
252:
237:
230:
215:
208:
193:
186:
171:
164:
149:
142:
127:
120:
105:
69:
591:Financial reconstruction
470:Eastern Counties Railway
1614:Rail transport in Essex
1527:Shenfield–Southend line
1323:Great Eastern Main Line
1134:Paye, pages 135 and 136
573:Felsted station in 1920
480:, in order to meet the
426:branch line from Witham
1609:1952 disestablishments
1502:Hitchin–Cambridge line
1482:Felixstowe branch line
913:Branch Lines to Maldon
608:
574:
528:
446:
50:–Braintree branch line
1578:Mangapps Farm Railway
1573:North Norfolk Railway
1477:Ely–Peterborough line
1457:Braintree branch line
1414:West Anglia Main Line
1283:Luton Airport Parkway
1034:Paye, pages 84 and 85
973:Paye, pages 21 and 22
964:Paye, pages 28 and 29
606:
572:
526:
444:
409:Great Eastern Railway
362:West Anglia Main Line
88:Braintree branch line
1558:Epping Ongar Railway
1553:Colne Valley Railway
1300:West Coast Main Line
1261:East Coast Main Line
989:Paye, pages 31 to 35
166:Bannister Green Halt
1568:Mid-Norfolk Railway
1532:Sunshine Coast Line
1145:"Flitch Way, Essex"
553:Construction delays
432:Promotion of a line
1467:Crouch Valley line
1394:Hertford loop line
826:from Braintree to
609:
575:
537:support the line.
529:
447:
397:Bishop's Stortford
345:Bishop's Stortford
48:Bishop's Stortford
1591:
1590:
1512:Marston Vale line
1492:Gainsborough line
1472:East Suffolk line
1426:West London Route
1373:
1372:
1278:Midland Main Line
1188:Ordnance Survey,
1087:Ian C Scotchman,
519:A definite scheme
389:
388:
385:
384:
276:Stane Street Halt
1636:
1507:Ipswich–Ely line
1399:Lea Valley lines
1381:
1305:Watford Junction
1251:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1192:
1190:Explorer Map 195
1186:
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1089:From Axe to A.C.
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933:Donald J Grant,
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509:River Blackwater
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1409:Watford DC line
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1201:
1199:Further reading
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1056:Leslie Oppitz,
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867:Cecil J Allen,
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851:
846:
842:
837:
810:Southend-on-Sea
771:
762:
753:
715:
702:
684:
675:
673:Electrification
655:
640:
638:Opening at last
625:
621:
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588:
555:
534:Bury St Edmunds
521:
482:Norfolk Railway
439:
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365:
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1517:Mayflower line
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1462:Breckland line
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1316:London–Norwich
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1122:Paye, page 130
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1102:
1100:Paye, page 122
1093:
1080:
1078:Paye, page 117
1071:
1069:Paye, page 243
1062:
1049:
1043:Neil Burgess,
1036:
1027:
1025:Paye, page 241
1018:
1016:Paye, page 232
1009:
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957:
948:
939:
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893:Allen, page 12
886:
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814:Saffron Walden
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751:The Flitch Way
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592:
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563:Board of Trade
554:
551:
547:Thomas Brassey
527:Dunmow station
520:
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459:Chipping Ongar
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1109:J C Gillham,
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820:John Ray Walk
818:
815:
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806:Saffron Trail
804:
801:
797:
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792:Harcamlow Way
790:
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23:
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19:
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1537:Wherry Lines
1452:Bittern Line
1271:Peterborough
1205:
1202:
1189:
1169:. Retrieved
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1139:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1030:
1021:
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1004:
1003:D I Gordon,
969:
960:
951:
942:
934:
929:
924:Paye, page 9
920:
912:
911:Peter Paye,
907:
898:
889:
881:
880:E F Carter,
876:
868:
863:
843:
776:
772:
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754:
707:
703:
685:
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632:
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539:
530:
505:
490:
463:
451:Joseph Gibbs
448:
418:
414:
392:
390:
360:
232:Easton Lodge
95:
86:
15:
1353:Manningtree
1254:North–South
824:River Brain
688:road-railer
682:Road-railer
653:Competition
559:Col Yolland
445:Dunmow line
437:Prior ideas
1598:Categories
1442:Abbey Line
1348:Colchester
1333:Chelmsford
855:References
782:Forest Way
497:Chelmsford
493:Colchester
412:abeyance.
1419:Cambridge
1387:Secondary
1343:Marks Tey
1328:Shenfield
1266:Stevenage
800:Cambridge
713:Locations
474:Cambridge
422:Braintree
405:Braintree
122:Braintree
1546:Heritage
1487:Fen line
786:Loughton
1363:Norwich
1358:Ipswich
1293:Bedford
1247:Primary
1171:3 March
1150:3 March
760:History
700:Closure
693:Takeley
624:⁄
486:Norwich
478:Brandon
254:Takeley
188:Felsted
1435:Others
1338:Witham
828:Witham
796:Harlow
769:Routes
765:1994.
513:Maldon
501:Witham
455:Epping
401:Dunmow
210:Dunmow
98:Witham
59:Legend
1288:Luton
835:Notes
746:open.
144:Rayne
1173:2024
1152:2024
499:and
476:and
403:and
391:The
812:to
798:to
511:at
503:.
96:to
1600::
1181:^
1127:^
994:^
978:^
461:.
428:.
399:,
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
1175:.
1154:.
626:2
622:1
619:+
617:2
40:e
33:t
26:v
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