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buildings. Storage of the volumes was on the same level as the reading areas: this dual function led to the low ceiling height of three metres. Space was created in the reference library by opening up sections of the floors into double height reading spaces. The furniture for the library was specified by the architects, with a preference for oak veneer book stacks and black linoleum floor covering.
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concrete panels to the reference library were removed to mark the start of significant exterior demolition. On 28 January 2016 the curved facade of the lending library began to be demolished and completed on 25 April 2016. The glass roof of the internal atrium was removed on 26 February 2016. At the beginning of August 2016 the link bridge to the
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509:. Originally planned to be built alongside the library was a School of Music, Drama Centre, Athletic Institute, offices, shops, public house, a car park with 500 spaces and a bus interchange. The collection of civic buildings were all to be connected by high level walkways and the network of galleries which bridge the roads.
430:. Initial use of the library was so heavy that the need for an extension was agreed in 1872 but deferred until 1878. On 11 January 1879 a fire broke out behind a wooden partition serving as a temporary wall during building operations. The fire caused extensive damage, with only 1,000 volumes saved from a stock of 50,000.
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stating that the buildings were dramatically sited and uncompromising in their stark use of concrete and powerfully structural forms. They brought a sense of the monumental to the
British urban landscape at the time of their construction and remain architectural icons. It was hoped that placing these
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The commercial outlets of
Paradise Forum closed in January 2015, and the library site was fenced off except for the pedestrian route linking Chamberlain and Centenary Squares. Internal demolition of the library took place in the Summer and Autumn of 2015. On 1 November 2015, Paradise Forum was closed
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in 1989–91. The space below was named
Paradise Forum, originally proposed as an alfresco eating and entertainment area, but eventually leased to property companies who sublet the units to shops and fast food outlet tenants. The uncompleted bus interchange became service areas for the tenants of
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was fenced off in preparation for external demolition. The first visible external demolition to the main library building began on 6 November 2015. On 15 November 2015 the road tunnel beneath the library permanently closed to traffic for demolition to progress. On 14 December 2015 the first exterior
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In 1999, a member of the public was almost hit by a small piece of concrete that fell from a cladding panel. Concerns over the condition of the pre-cast cladding panels required the installation of netting to retain any further erosion. The entrance from
Chamberlain Square was altered by the city's
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scheme by Henry Boot
Projects. Although the design was in Madin's original plans, Madin did not approve of the design and build method and subsequently had no involvement in the building. Chamberlain House and the Copthorne Hotel were built to the west of the library in 1985–87 by Leonard J.
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plans were approved in
October 1862 for a tender price of £8,600 with E. M. Barry's classical facade retained in the design. The Lending Library was opened on 6 September 1865 and the Reference Library was opened just over a year later on 26 October 1866. The chief librarian at the time of opening
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window frames. The space below the central atrium of the library was designed to define a civic square with gardens, pools, waterfalls and fountains, and potentially to form an open-air exhibition space. Six pools were to be placed in and around this square. Madin also designed the semi-circular
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after an application from
Birmingham City Council, which meant it could not be protected from demolition until 2016. The library closed on 29 June 2013 and books and archives were moved across to the Library of Birmingham. Planning Application 2012/05116/PA was approved by the City Council on 8
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The library aimed to provide open access to all its 900,000 volumes. No basement was possible because of the low level roads beneath the library and a tall book stack was deemed inappropriate because of the desire to keep the height of the building low, so it did not overwhelm the surrounding
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The
Central Library consisted of two elements: the extrovert lending library and the introvert reference library. The lending library was designed for heavy use and short visits. It formed a wing to the reference library and was of three storeys with a curved façade facing the Town Hall. The
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system; however, for economic reasons significant parts of the master plan were not completed, and quality was reduced on materials as an economic measure. Two previous libraries occupied the adjacent site before Madin's library opened in 1974. The previous library, designed by
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When built, the
Central Library provided approximately 23.300 m (250,000 ft) of floor space, making it the largest non-national municipal library in Europe. It was specifically designed for a long life and to stand hard wear with low maintenance costs.
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The council failed to implement the original plan for
Paradise Circus. Spending cuts led to the council's decision to sell off the land surrounding the library, ending the vision of a publicly financed and owned civic centre occupying the entire site.
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and its gardens (until the Conservatoire was relocated to Birmingham City University's City Centre campus in Eastside in 2017, following the redevelopment of Paradise Circus.) The 1970s Central Library was constructed on a site originally occupied by
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appreciated the "guts and attack" of the library, and spoke negatively of the council's policies, stating "you don’t get a car and never get it serviced". Brutalist architecture was becoming more appreciated in the 21st Century with the listing of
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was built and opened on 3 September 2013. In the intervening years Argent Group produced plans for the Paradise Circus site which did not include retention of the library building. In response to potential demolition
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through the site of the old library, that a general specification was agreed. The library and the BMI building were demolished (the BMI moving to premises a short distance to the east), and the site was part of the
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To the north of the library, where an Athletic Institute was originally to stand, a six-storey office block was built in 1988–89 by Leonard J. Multon & Partners. A footbridge connecting the library with
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A fresh appreciation of the library began to emerge as the Council declared their intention to demolish it. The movement was led by artists and writers mainly of the 1960s generation who had grown up with it.
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Urban Design team in 2001, creating a lobby and eliminating the effect of the original tall entrance hall. In July 2010, the east side of the lending library was decorated with painted birds, the work of
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The central atrium was completely glazed behind deep concrete balconies; this arrangement was to make it conducive to study. Although there was good natural light, the design was an early recognition of
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893:. Books celebrating brutalism were published and television shows featuring brutalist buildings began to feature with greater regularity. The Central Library was chosen to represent the location of
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a referendum took place on the creation of a municipal library. After the first vote failed, a second one passed in 1860 causing the BMI and the corporation to cooperate on the joint site.
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The entrance hall, which was double height between the lending and reference libraries, was entirely glazed on the side facing the atrium – an early example of a freestanding wall made of
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305:, from 1974 until 2013, replacing a library opened in 1865 and rebuilt in 1882. For a time the largest non-national library in Europe, it closed on 29 June 2013 and was replaced by the
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reference library was an eight-storey square block designed around an open atrium above a public square that was designed to be entered from four sides. Above the square floated the
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was the architect for the BMI building and it was hoped he could be retained as the architect for the adjoining library, but his plans were deemed too expensive for the corporation.
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applied but failed twice for the building to gain listed status. However, due to strong opposition from Birmingham City Council the building gained immunity from listing until 2016.
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1946:
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836:, the Minister for Culture, stated that "the building did not have sufficient historical or architectural importance to merit listing". In 2009, following an application from
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The appearance of the library building was criticised, mostly on account of the staining of the cladding panels which were originally white and were never cleaned.
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600:. The floors were made of precast concrete coffered units over which a reinforced concrete floor was cast. For the cladding Madin offered the council a choice of
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Civic Centre redevelopment – Paradise Circus, report on Central Library scheme design, prepared by John H.D. Madin and Partners in association with J.A. Maudsley
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and a public house (The Yardbird) were the only other buildings in the original plans to be built and the high level walkways were never completed.
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Larkham, Peter; Adams, David (2016). "The un-necessary monument? The origins, impact and potential conservation of Birmingham Central Library".
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Birmingham City Council had long planned to move library services away from the Central Library to leave the building free for redevelopment of
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in a Lombardic Renaissance style with a tall clerestoried Reading Room. At a cost of £54,975 the second Central Library opened on 1 June 1882.
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scheme. It argued that the library could be used for a range of alternative uses and demolition after 40 years went against all principles of
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Friends of Central Library presented an alternative plan to the council and its developers which retained the library at the centre of the
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The 200 seat Library Theatre was built between the School of Music and the reference library block in 1983–86. The theatre was a
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Paradise Forum. In 1999 the whole of Paradise Forum was sold off to Argent now known as Argent (Property Development) Services LLP.
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Several campaign groups were set up to save the library building from demolition. Groups such as Friends of Central Library, the
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As the number of books increased, the Council resolved in 1938 that a new library was an "urgent necessity", but the outbreak of
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Plans to rebuild the library after the fire had been approved as early as May 1879. The library was rebuilt on the same site by
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was added as part of improvements to the square in 1988–89. The atrium was enclosed with a glass roof and screens by the
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and the damage it can cause to books. The large windows of the reference library face inwards to reduce traffic noise from the
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1600:"Paradise Circus; Architects: John Madin Design Group, Birmingham Metropolitan District Council: Architects Department", in:
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sculptural form and monumental scale. Its style was seen at the time as a symbol of social progressivism. Based on this,
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floors of the library in a distinctive inverted ziggurat formation. The designers drew inspiration for the design from
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Despite the original vision not being fully implemented, the library gained architectural praise as an icon of British
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635:. Before later developments the wall allowed the entrance to be flooded with light and provided views of the
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706:, described the building as resembling "a place where books are incinerated, not kept". In October 2011 the
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buildings on the watch list would open dialogue into their protection and alternatives for adaptive reuse.
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556:, but a member of Madin's design team said they had only seen this design after the library was complete.
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In 2010–11, Central Library was the second-most visited library in the country, with 1,197,350 visitors.
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All About Victoria Square: an historic perambulation of the civic and cultural heart of Birmingham
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and Argent strongly opposed any plans to retain the library and consequently the battle was lost.
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in September 2013; however dialogue on the demolition of the Central Library did not progress.
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to align with the adjacent civic buildings. A third, cheaper option was pre-cast concrete with
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after lobbying from Birmingham City Council. In February 2011 the library received a 5-year
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309:. The building was demolished in 2016, after 41 years, as part of the redevelopment of
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The central atrium showing one of the six pools; this area later became Paradise Forum
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407:(BMI) in 1860 after the construction of their own building in 1857 on the corner of
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included the Central Library on its watch list of significant buildings at risk.
552:. It has also been suggested that they were influenced by the similar design for
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and Ratcliff Place. The BMI building was to include a library, but under the
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reading room. It was demolished in 1974 after the new library had opened.
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1614:"Birmingham Central Libraries; Architects: John Madin Design Group", in:
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620:, the City Architect, and accepted by the council as an economy measure.
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1607:"Birmingham Central Library; Architects: John Madin Design Group", in:
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By the Gains of Industry – Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery 1885–1985
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568:. On the outside the windows were high level narrow strips with black
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The new Central Library opened on 12 January 1974. It was designed by
1390:"Certificate of Immunity Summary (expiry 10 January 2016 ) (1408223)"
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was removed and the majority of the library building was demolished.
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1349:"The Prince of Wales on architecture: his 10 'monstrous carbuncles'"
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Demolished buildings and structures in the West Midlands (county)
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Invitation to the opening of Birmingham Reference Library in 1882
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Notes on the history of Birmingham Public Libraries (1861–1961)
997:"Birmingham Central Library demolition set to begin in January"
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to frame the entrance to the library and the new civic square.
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meant that it was not until 1960, and the development of a new
1596:. Birmingham: Council of the Birmingham and Midland Institute.
1458:"Stay away from Paradise as transport chiefs warn of gridlock"
898:
894:
744:. The Paradise Circus site was sold by the Council in 1998 to
325:, the library was part of an ambitious development project by
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applied twice in 2002 and 2007 for the Central Library to be
1644:
Youtube video of demolition of Central Library in April 2016
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signed the certificate which would be in place until 2016.
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In 2004 an initial plan to move to a building designed by
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The first Central Library occupied a site to the south of
1512:"The Paradise Circus plan which retains Central Library"
1331:
An appreciation of the Central Library a 20th entry Icon
776:. On both occasions the library was refused status as a
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with its stark use of concrete, bold geometry, inverted
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Time lapse video of the construction of Central Library
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The tall clerestoried reading room of the 1882 library.
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The structure was supported on a square set of twelve
501:
Madin designed the Central Library as part of a large
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Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands
1611:; vol. 159, no. 21, 22 May 1974, pp. 1137–1157.
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The curved facade of the Lending Library, circa 1975
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rebuilt Central Library of 1882, demolished in 1974.
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2017:
2010:
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1545:. Birmingham: Victorian Society, Birmingham Group.
960:"Preston bus station on UK monument 'at risk' list"
541:, Germany; while another source of inspiration was
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1564:. Birmingham: Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery.
855:included the library on its watch list along with
832:refused the application. On the second occasion,
520:One of the reading rooms in the Reference Library
27:Former main public library in Birmingham, England
772:applied on two occasions for the building to be
1639:Video of the Library under construction 1973-74
1050:, Birmingham City Council, 2011, archived from
3347:Public libraries in the West Midlands (county)
1594:The Birmingham and Midland Institute 1854–1954
700:, in his 1988 television documentary and book
672:Multon & Partners with wedge shaped ends.
1675:
1581:Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society
1435:"Calls to stop Birmingham library demolition"
1417:"Birmingham Central Library to be demolished"
1380:
1378:
1361:2012 World Monuments Watch: British Brutalism
478:, a Birmingham-based architect. Its inverted
8:
748:, this spelt an end to the Central Library.
3362:Buildings and structures demolished in 2016
588:The library from Chamberlain Square in 1983
2328:St Michael & All Angels, Bartley Green
2102:
2014:
1682:
1668:
1660:
1604:; vol. 9, no. 2, 1974 June, pp. 8–20.
29:
1482:Beanland, Christopher (14 January 2014).
1074:Latest Public Library Statistics Released
1015:British Brutalism – World Monuments Fund
864:was saved from demolition and listed at
818:supported the retention of the library.
759:did not materialise. Instead, a site in
1127:"John Davies Mullins (Chief Librarian)"
951:
470:The library under construction in 1973.
3337:Libraries in Birmingham, West Midlands
3332:Government buildings completed in 1973
3327:Education in Birmingham, West Midlands
1649:Campaign Group to Save Central Library
1629:Architects Drawings of Central Library
1261:
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1257:
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1218:John H D Madin & Partners (1966),
403:. The site had been acquired from the
1916:Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park
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1174:, Yale University Press, p. 77,
1077:, CIPFA, October 2011, archived from
533:'s drawings of Casa a gradinata, and
338:, opened in 1883 and featured a tall
229:224,918 square feet (20,895.6 m)
7:
1363:, World Monuments Fund, Spring 2012.
1309:Birmingham Public Libraries (1973),
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1034:, English Heritage, 23 November 2009
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977:. English Heritage. 23 November 2009
842:Certificate of Immunity from Listing
782:Certificate of Immunity from Listing
494:, it became one of Birmingham's key
329:to create a civic centre on its new
3342:Library buildings completed in 1973
1268:John Madin (20th century architect)
612:and Derbyshire spar aggregate with
482:form was a powerful example of the
372:Central Library after the 1879 fire
3352:Ziggurat style modern architecture
1395:National Heritage List for England
1195:"Obituary: John Madin (1924–2012)"
44:Birmingham Central Library in 2013
25:
3312:Brutalist architecture in England
2876:Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
2208:SS Faith & Laurence, Harborne
537:'s 1928 scheme for a hospital in
1691:
405:Birmingham and Midland Institute
38:
2810:Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield
2744:International Convention Centre
2497:Christopher Wray Lighting works
297:was the main public library in
174:
150:
2253:Holy Trinity, Sutton Coldfield
1592:Waterhouse, Rachel E. (1954).
1351:, telegraph.co.uk, 13 May 2009
802:Campaigns to save the building
728:Under demolition in March 2016
1:
3158:Central Goods railway station
1985:University College Birmingham
1618:; 1974 May, pp. 292–295.
999:. BBC News. 10 December 2014.
2173:St Catherine, Bristol Street
2168:Bishop Latimer, Winson Green
1911:Town Hall (Sutton Coldfield)
1697:Buildings and structures in
1456:Neil Elkes (16 April 2015).
975:"Birmingham Central Library"
505:scheme on the newly created
18:Birmingham Reference Library
2000:Queen's College, Birmingham
682:City Architect's Department
594:reinforced concrete columns
278:L.C. Wakeman & Partners
270:R.W. Gregory & Partners
3378:
2992:Birmingham Banking Company
2972:17 & 19 Newhall Street
2891:Newman Bros Coffin Factory
2368:SS Peter & Paul, Aston
2248:Holy Trinity & St Luke
2238:Handsworth Cemetery Chapel
1968:Birmingham City University
1656:, University of Birmingham
1031:Birmingham Central Library
962:. BBC News. 5 October 2011
717:
423:Martin & Chamberlain's
295:Birmingham Central Library
33:Birmingham Central Library
3261:
3213:St James the Less' Church
2223:St Gabriel, Weoley Castle
2158:St Bartholomew, Edgbaston
1437:. BBC News. 1 August 2014
808:Twentieth Century Society
413:Public Libraries Act 1850
49:
37:
3243:Post & Mail Building
3037:Holliday Street Aqueduct
3007:Castle Bromwich Assembly
2613:Resorts World Birmingham
2343:St Nicolas, Kings Norton
2243:Holy Trinity, Birchfield
2163:St Benedict's, Bordesley
1990:University of Birmingham
1973:Birmingham School of Art
924:Birmingham Civic Society
885:and the rejuvenation of
828:. On both occasions the
573:amphitheatre around the
451:Birmingham Conservatoire
317:. Designed by architect
208:22.6 metres (74 ft)
128:52.4802972°N 1.9047694°W
3228:St Mary's, Whittall St.
2675:Fighting Cocks, Moseley
2598:Hotel Indigo (The Cube)
2338:St Michael, Moor Street
2293:St Mark, Washwood Heath
2278:St Laurence, Northfield
2188:St David, Shenley Green
2148:St Augustine, Edgbaston
1874:Energy from Waste Plant
1733:Chamberlain Clock Tower
1560:Davies, Stuart (1985).
920:Birmingham City Council
838:Birmingham City Council
327:Birmingham City Council
261:Ove Arup & Partners
252:John Madin Design Group
234:Design and construction
199:Birmingham City Council
3138:Birmingham Manor House
2997:Birmingham Crematorium
2542:Northfield Manor House
2456:Guru Nanak, Handsworth
2333:St Michael, Handsworth
2323:Methodist Central Hall
2218:St Francis, Handsworth
2213:St Francis, Bournville
2153:St Barnabas, Erdington
1849:Central Police Station
1266:Clawley, Alan (2011),
737:
729:
714:Closure and demolition
660:
628:
616:: this was offered by
589:
521:
471:
392:
384:
373:
336:John Henry Chamberlain
133:52.4802972; -1.9047694
3173:Church of the Messiah
3117:Woodcock Street Baths
3102:Victoria Square House
3052:New Street Signal Box
2967:1–7 Constitution Hill
2941:Edgbaston Priory Club
2373:St Philip's Cathedral
2298:St Mary, Acocks Green
2198:St Edward, Selly Park
2183:St Cyprian, Hay Mills
2133:St Andrew, Handsworth
2118:St Agatha, Sparkbrook
2113:Ascension, Hall Green
1925:Main railway stations
1884:Library of Birmingham
1718:Sutton Coldfield mast
1541:Holyoak, Joe (1989).
1170:Foster, Andy (2005),
1047:Immunity from Listing
765:Library of Birmingham
736:Demolished, July 2016
735:
727:
720:Library of Birmingham
658:
639:from the escalators.
626:
587:
519:
469:
456:Mason Science College
390:
379:
371:
307:Library of Birmingham
3032:Great Western Arcade
2769:Swan Shopping Centre
2709:(Handsworth; closed)
2288:St Martin, Bull Ring
2283:St Lazar, Bournville
2258:St James, Handsworth
2228:St George, Edgbaston
2193:St Edburgha, Yardley
1869:Edgbaston Waterworks
1859:Chamberlain Memorial
1813:The Colmore Building
853:World Monuments Fund
830:Minister for Culture
816:World Monuments Fund
708:World Monuments Fund
610:Hoptonwood limestone
575:Chamberlain Memorial
546:Bodleian Law Library
507:Paradise Circus site
144:Construction started
3238:Pebble Mill Studios
3148:Bishop Ryder Church
3107:Victoria Law Courts
2936:Edgbaston (cricket)
2835:Odeon, Kingstanding
2353:St Paul, Birmingham
2303:St Mary, Handsworth
2268:St John, Perry Barr
2178:St Chad's Cathedral
2076:Old Queen Elizabeth
1783:One Snow Hill Plaza
1609:Architects' Journal
1602:Architects' Journal
1270:, RIBA Publishing,
1206:Architects' Journal
879:Preston bus station
862:Preston bus station
857:Preston bus station
789:to pedestrians and
703:A Vision of Britain
511:The School of Music
428:John Davies Mullins
381:J. H. Chamberlain's
287:Sir Robert McAlpine
257:Structural engineer
124: /
77:Architectural style
54:General information
3027:Gas Street Studios
2739:Friends' Institute
2472:Shree Geeta Bhawan
2363:St Peter, Harborne
2313:St Mary, Selly Oak
2273:St John, Sparkhill
2128:St Alban, Highgate
1889:Moseley Road Baths
1803:Metropolitan House
1728:10 Holloway Circus
1484:"Brutalist Beauty"
1347:Alastair Jamieson
1337:, thestirrer.co.uk
1311:Design Team Report
1208:), 11 January 2012
1115:, Birmingham, 1962
1081:on 29 October 2013
791:Chamberlain Square
738:
730:
661:
651:Later developments
629:
590:
579:Chamberlain Square
522:
472:
458:and Liberal Club.
393:
385:
374:
91:Chamberlain Square
3299:
3298:
2982:Ashford & Son
2931:Alexander Stadium
2480:
2479:
2435:Central Synagogue
2383:Stechford Baptist
2378:St Silas, Lozells
2318:St Mary's Convent
2263:St John, Ladywood
2233:St Giles, Sheldon
2123:St Agnes, Moseley
2094:
2093:
1980:Newman University
1854:Chamberlain Clock
1844:Baskerville House
1773:Centre City Tower
1711:(in height order)
1277:978-1-85946-367-3
1131:Birmingham Images
606:Travertine Marble
598:abrasive blasting
531:Antonio Sant'Elia
435:J. H. Chamberlain
364:Earlier libraries
292:
291:
275:Quantity surveyor
267:Services engineer
249:Architecture firm
213:Technical details
16:(Redirected from
3369:
3193:Fox Hollies Hall
3133:Aston Hippodrome
3097:St James's House
3047:Millennium Point
3022:Gas Retort House
3002:Bromford Viaduct
2977:Arena Birmingham
2905:Minworth Greaves
2795:Birmingham Odeon
2790:Barber Institute
2778:Art and theatres
2759:Longbridge plant
2659:Brookhill Tavern
2358:St Paul, Lozells
2308:St Mary, Moseley
2143:St Anne, Digbeth
2138:St Anne, Moseley
2103:
2086:Witton Isolation
2015:
1995:Barber Institute
1963:Aston University
1798:McLaren Building
1696:
1695:
1684:
1677:
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1661:
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1588:
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1472:
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1453:
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1446:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1421:Express and Star
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1386:Historic England
1382:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1339:
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1336:
1326:
1315:
1314:
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1223:
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1209:
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1086:
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1062:
1061:
1059:
1054:on 9 August 2016
1042:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1018:, September 2012
1010:
1001:
1000:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
971:
969:
967:
956:
822:English Heritage
812:English Heritage
770:English Heritage
761:Centenary Square
678:Centenary Square
669:design and build
554:Boston City Hall
486:style. With the
399:and west of the
355:English Heritage
139:
138:
136:
135:
134:
129:
125:
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117:
42:
30:
21:
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3372:
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3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3257:
3253:Union Workhouse
3198:Heathfield Hall
3188:Five Ways Tower
3163:Central Library
3121:
3057:Perrott's Folly
2955:
2919:
2854:
2773:
2717:
2692:Lad in the Lane
2622:
2576:
2567:Stratford House
2557:Pype Hayes Hall
2476:
2460:
2444:
2423:
2409:Ghamkol Shariff
2387:
2203:Erdington Abbey
2090:
2054:
2045:Queen Elizabeth
2006:
1951:
1920:
1827:
1808:Edgbaston House
1758:103 Colmore Row
1710:
1702:
1690:
1688:
1625:
1616:Interior Design
1591:
1578:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1540:
1537:
1535:Further reading
1532:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1516:Birmingham Post
1510:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1489:The Independent
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
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1462:Birmingham Post
1455:
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1193:Merlin Fulcher
1192:
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973:
965:
963:
958:
957:
953:
948:
936:
912:Paradise Circus
874:Jonathan Meades
804:
785:February 2013.
778:listed building
742:Paradise Circus
722:
716:
691:Lucy McLauchlan
653:
633:toughened glass
566:Inner Ring road
543:Leslie Martin's
464:
446:Inner Ring Road
409:Paradise Street
366:
331:Inner Ring Road
323:brutalist style
311:Paradise Circus
283:Main contractor
163:12 January 1974
132:
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3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:Bordesley Hall
3150:
3145:
3143:Bishop's House
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:Victoria Works
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Saracen's Head
3084:
3079:
3077:Ringway Centre
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3012:Chinese Pagoda
3009:
3004:
2999:
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2984:
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2925:
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2912:
2907:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Blakesley Hall
2878:
2873:
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2856:
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2723:
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2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2680:Fox and Grapes
2677:
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2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Adam & Eve
2630:
2628:
2624:
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2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:Peddimore Hall
2544:
2539:
2537:New Hall Manor
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Edgbaston Hall
2499:
2494:
2492:Anchorage, The
2488:
2486:
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2411:
2406:
2404:Darul Barakaat
2401:
2399:Central Mosque
2395:
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2027:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1977:
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1965:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1952:
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1949:
1947:Other stations
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:Municipal Bank
1898:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1879:Hall of Memory
1876:
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1856:
1851:
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1829:
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1788:Quayside Tower
1785:
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1755:
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1745:
1743:Orion Building
1740:
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1624:
1623:External links
1621:
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1551:
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1372:Argent website
1365:
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1225:
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1200:2013-09-04 at
1186:
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935:
932:
916:sustainability
883:Trellick Tower
846:Margaret Hodge
834:Margaret Hodge
803:
800:
753:Richard Rogers
718:Main article:
715:
712:
698:Prince Charles
652:
649:
602:Portland stone
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3276:Board schools
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3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Public Office
3246:
3244:
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3233:Metchley Fort
3231:
3229:
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3168:Christ Church
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2924:Sports venues
2922:
2916:
2915:Weoley Castle
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Sarehole Mill
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:New Hall Mill
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Back to Backs
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2850:Symphony Hall
2848:
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2785:The Alexandra
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2754:Grand Central
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2729:Brindleyplace
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155:December 1973
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116:52°28′49.07″N
109:
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19:
3266:Architecture
3218:Langley Hall
3208:Island House
3183:The Exchange
3178:The Crescent
3162:
3062:Perry Bridge
2987:Assay Office
2702:Queen's Arms
2688:(demolished)
2686:Golden Eagle
2682:(demolished)
2649:Bartons Arms
2618:Other hotels
2608:Radisson Blu
2572:Winterbourne
2562:Sheldon Hall
2532:Moseley Hall
2440:Singers Hill
1956:Universities
1793:Colmore Gate
1778:Two Snowhill
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1561:
1542:
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1429:
1420:
1411:
1401:10 September
1399:. Retrieved
1393:
1368:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1313:, Birmingham
1310:
1267:
1222:, Birmingham
1219:
1213:
1205:
1189:
1171:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1112:
1083:, retrieved
1079:the original
1073:
1067:
1056:, retrieved
1052:the original
1046:
1040:
1030:
1024:
1014:
991:
979:. Retrieved
964:. Retrieved
954:
909:
902:
870:
851:In 2011 the
850:
820:
805:
787:
750:
746:Argent Group
739:
701:
695:
687:
674:
666:
662:
645:
641:
630:
614:white cement
591:
558:
527:cantilevered
523:
503:civic centre
500:
473:
462:Architecture
442:World War II
439:
432:
417:
394:
359:
344:
340:clerestoried
315:Argent Group
294:
293:
239:Architect(s)
187:4.7 million
171:29 June 2013
119:1°54′17.17″W
3223:Market Hall
3072:Proof House
3017:Fort Dunlop
2946:St Andrew's
2901:Selly Manor
2654:Black Horse
2588:Grand Hotel
2507:The Endwood
2040:Orthopaedic
1932:Moor Street
1894:Other baths
1823:Lloyd House
1738:Alpha Tower
1522:25 December
1496:15 December
1441:25 December
1085:12 November
498:buildings.
492:Alpha Tower
419:E. M. Barry
218:Floor count
131: /
106:Coordinates
3357:John Madin
3306:Categories
3126:Demolished
3092:Selfridges
3082:Roundhouse
2951:Villa Park
2910:Soho House
2866:Aston Hall
2845:Piccadilly
2830:Oak Cinema
2815:Hippodrome
2639:Anchor Inn
2552:Penns Hall
2522:Moat House
2414:Green Lane
2025:Children's
1937:New Street
1818:Jury's Inn
1699:Birmingham
1172:Birmingham
981:5 November
966:5 November
946:References
940:Pete James
918:. However
562:solar gain
476:John Madin
319:John Madin
299:Birmingham
243:John Madin
226:Floor area
176:Demolished
147:April 1969
95:Birmingham
62:Demolished
3286:Scheduled
3203:Highfield
2734:Bull Ring
2722:Complexes
2697:Old Crown
2670:Crown Inn
2603:Jurys Inn
2527:Moor Hall
2106:Christian
2099:Religious
2081:Selly Oak
2035:Good Hope
2011:Hospitals
1942:Snow Hill
1906:Town Hall
1748:Sentinels
1701:, England
1587:: 94–127.
891:Sheffield
887:Park Hill
637:Town Hall
539:Elberfeld
496:Modernist
484:Brutalist
401:Town Hall
347:brutalism
152:Completed
81:Brutalist
3291:Category
2800:Crescent
2764:Paradise
2707:Red Lion
2666:(closed)
2644:Antelope
2512:Hay Hall
2066:Accident
1763:The Cube
1723:BT Tower
1708:Highrise
1492:. London
1467:16 April
1198:Archived
934:See also
904:The Game
866:Grade II
757:Eastside
570:anodised
490:and the
480:ziggurat
351:ziggurat
87:Location
3271:Tallest
2859:Museums
2840:Old Rep
2749:Mailbox
2713:Woodman
2392:Islamic
2348:Oratory
2071:General
2059:Defunct
2050:Women's
2018:Current
1753:Rotunda
1136:12 July
901:series
488:Rotunda
321:in the
303:England
160:Opening
99:England
3281:Listed
3067:Prison
2581:Hotels
2485:Houses
2428:Jewish
1568:
1549:
1274:
1178:
1058:31 May
897:HQ in
840:for a
826:listed
796:museum
774:listed
550:Oxford
205:Height
168:Closed
59:Status
2960:Other
2664:Crown
2465:Hindu
1832:Civic
1768:Hyatt
1335:(PDF)
195:Owner
2805:Drum
2627:Pubs
2449:Sikh
2419:Jami
2030:City
1566:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1524:2014
1498:2014
1469:2015
1443:2014
1403:2013
1272:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1138:2019
1087:2011
1060:2021
983:2011
968:2011
928:CABE
814:and
426:was
184:Cost
179:2016
67:Type
3042:ICC
2825:Rep
2820:mac
899:BBC
895:MI5
889:in
755:in
604:or
577:in
548:in
313:by
3308::
2903:/
1585:60
1583:.
1514:.
1486:.
1460:.
1419:.
1392:.
1388:.
1377:^
1319:^
1285:^
1228:^
1146:^
1129:.
1094:^
1005:^
972:;
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922:,
907:.
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693:.
301:,
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1574:.
1555:.
1526:.
1500:.
1471:.
1445:.
1423:.
1405:.
1140:.
985:.
970:.
221:8
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
