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Tornado outbreak of April 1977

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38: 2693:, hundreds of homes were completely destroyed, many of which were completely swept away, despite being well-built. Some of the homes built into hillsides even had their cinder-block basement walls swept away, and at least one home was reportedly annihilated, with even its foundation said to be missing. Many trees in the area were snapped and debarked and vehicles were thrown and destroyed. A pair of 3171: 2950:
historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information. Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life. Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced
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The listed width values are primarily the average/mean width of the tornadoes, with those having known maximum widths denoted by ♯. From 1952 to 1994, reports largely list mean width whereas contemporary years list maximum width. Values provided by Grazulis are the average width, with estimates being
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suffered extensive damage, forcing it to permanently close due to the extent of the destruction. Rapidly intensifying, it generated F5 damage in the neighborhood of Hayes Highland, particularly along and near a lane and drive each named Smithfield, from which the tornado derived its moniker. In this
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Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was
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Two chicken houses, a garage, and several small storage buildings were completely destroyed. A house lost its metal roof and a church lost its bell tower. Most other structural damage was limited to shingles or inflicted by fallen trees. About 15 trees were uprooted and more than 50 sustained minor
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assessments. Numerous discrepancies on the details of tornadoes in this outbreak exist between sources. The total count of tornadoes and ratings differs from various agencies accordingly. The list below documents information from the most contemporary official sources alongside assessments from
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Prior to 1990, there is a likely undercount of tornadoes, particularly E/F0–1, with reports of weaker tornadoes becoming more common as population increased. A sharp increase in the annual average E/F0–1 count by approximately 200 tornadoes was noted upon the implementation of
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1 death – Major damage occurred in Lindale. A dozen trailers were destroyed and nine others were extensively damaged. 24 frame homes were badly damaged or wrecked. Three dairy farms sustained major damage, and four others sustained lesser damage. There were 15 injuries.
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attempted to fly around the storm and instead flew straight into it. Massive amounts of very large hail and very heavy rain battered the plane and destroyed its engines. With no way to keep flying, it attempted a landing on a stretch of highway in
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actually landed successfully, but then crashed into a gas station, grocery store, and other structures and vehicles during the rollout. The plane was destroyed, killing the flight crew, 60 passengers, and nine people on the ground.
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1 death – Three trailers, seven barns, a house, and a small business were destroyed. A total of 16 other homes were damaged as well, a few of them severely. A woman was killed by a falling tree while refuging in an above-ground
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This tornado generated low-end F2 damage. 20 chicken coops were destroyed or damaged. Four homes received damage, and major tree damage occurred as well, with losses to the latter totaling $ 200,000. An injury was reported.
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in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated. Tornado ratings were retroactively applied to events prior to the formal adoption of the F-scale by the
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is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An
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This tornado struck the Elon settlement. A silo, a trailer, and a frame-built home were wrecked. Outbuildings on farms were damaged as well, and one person was injured slightly.
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in the U.S. since February 1, 2007, Canada used the old scale until April 1, 2013; nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the
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in 1990–1991. 1974 marked the first year where significant tornado (E/F2+) counts became homogenous with contemporary values, attributed to the consistent implementation of
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This tornado produced scattered damage, occurring at four different spots. A few mobile homes, a pair of garages, nine homes, and 14 barns were destroyed or damaged.
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A dozen homes were destroyed or severely damaged. Half a dozen trailers and 17 outbuildings were wrecked or otherwise damaged as well. Four people were injured.
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publication does not list exact damage totals for every event, instead giving damage categories. As such, damage for individual tornadoes is not comprehensive.
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A pair of homes were badly damaged and a few trailers were destroyed. Numerous trees were splintered and prostrated as well. A trio of injuries occurred.
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from an airplane and while surveying damage; he rated the Smithfield tornado F5, but initially considered assigning a rating of F6. (He once rated the
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during the afternoon of Monday, April 4. In addition to this tornado, several other tornadoes were reported from the same system in the Midwest,
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A mobile home was destroyed and a few homes slightly damaged. There was also damage to agricultural implements, pecan trees, and outbuildings.
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Eight chicken coops, seven service buildings, three trailers, and three houses were destroyed. Multiple other structures were damaged.
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A brief tornado partly unroofed a home and an adjacent carport. Nearby houses suffered minor damage, and several trees were downed.
860:. A few businesses, a pair of homes, and two trailers were wrecked, while outbuildings, barns, and an additional home were damaged. 200:. In the end, the entire outbreak directly caused 24 deaths and 158 injuries. The storm system also caused the crash of 4854: 4844: 4744: 4919: 4698: 4675: 3015: 2606:
35 homes were destroyed or damaged. Debris from the homes clung to trees. A woman was injured when her trailer was overturned.
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10 service buildings, two chicken coops, two mobile homes, and a grist mill were destroyed. A few other houses were damaged.
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Edwards, Roger; LaDue, James G.; Ferree, John T.; Scharfenberg, Kevin; Maier, Chris; Coulbourne, William L. (May 1, 2013).
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The F5 tornado touched down near the end of the path of three other violent tornadoes that struck the Birmingham region in
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tornadoes as such, but his preliminary estimates were subsequently revised to the official ratings of F5.) The
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All starting coordinates are based on the NCEI database and may not reflect contemporary analyses
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A farmhouse, four barns, and four trailers were destroyed. Airborne glass injured a small child.
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The storms that brought the tornadoes on April 4 also brought a large squall line across
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rounded down (i.e. 0.5 mi (0.80 km) is rounded down from 880 yards to 800 yards.
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A strong tornado impacted 20 agricultural outbuildings and homes. One person was injured.
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before dissipating, killing 25. In 1998, an F5 tornado touched town in a rural area near
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The tornado skipped along its path. Trees, mobile homes, and chicken coops were damaged.
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Tornado was rated below F2 intensity by Grazulis but a specific rating is unavailable.
189: 5340: 4395: 543: 3975:. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. Archived from 3883:. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. Archived from 3835: 3077: 2717:
incorrectly list the path as extending from west of Birmingham to east-northeast of
3237: 2907: 2867: 2815:, McDonald Chapel, northern Birmingham, and Fultondale before lifting, killing 64. 2630: 2539: 1661: 631: 547: 478: 224: 64: 3976: 3884: 4070:"The Relation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Winter Tornado Outbreaks" 2924: 883: 788: 687: 185: 157: 4262: 4123: 4106: 2911: 2698: 2694: 2038: 4283: 4019: 4002: 3900: 2562: 2548: 2476: 2462: 2390: 2376: 2300: 2286: 2208: 2194: 2122: 2108: 1985: 1971: 1900: 1886: 1810: 1796: 1711: 1697: 1614: 1600: 1523: 1509: 1432: 1418: 1346: 1332: 1259: 1245: 1173: 1159: 1083: 1069: 992: 978: 906: 892: 811: 797: 710: 696: 213:
Daily statistics of tornadoes during the tornado outbreak of April 4–5, 1977
196:, killed one person, and another fatality was reported east of Birmingham in 4667: 2883: 2702: 4257: 3004:
Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875–2003)
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List of confirmed tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of April 4–5, 1977
407: 177: 161: 153: 125: 4159: 4249:. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 3450: 3149: 2951: 540: 4193:
Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events
4033:"On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity" 3242:
Storm Prediction Center: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes
760:. A barn lost its tin roof and another incurred negligible damage. 3840:
The Online Tornado FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes
2742:. The road section used for the forced landing, formerly called 2714: 4671: 4287: 4270:(4). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. 3371: 3369: 4060:
10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2
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Tornado reported between 04/04/1977 and 04/05/1977 (2 days)
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where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in
4107:"Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future" 3836:"F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States, 1950-present" 3952:"Hail in Engines Is Blamed in Georgia Crash Killing 68" 3932: 3812: 3785: 3758: 3743: 3716: 3701: 3686: 3671: 3656: 3620: 3605: 3590: 3575: 3543: 3528: 3513: 3475: 3434: 3419: 3404: 3337: 2936:
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
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List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
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A house was unroofed and a shed and a garage wrecked.
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Storm Prediction Center Maps, Graphics, and Data Page
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began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.
2919:. While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the 235: 232: 229: 223: 220: 3971:Grazulis, Thomas P.; Grazulis, Doris, eds. (1998). 3879:Grazulis, Thomas P.; Grazulis, Doris, eds. (1998). 2658: 2650: 2642: 2637: 2622: 1757: 638: 635: 117: 109: 97: 85: 80: 70: 60: 52: 47: 4215: 856:This tornado dissipated a short distance north of 583:Data from a local National Weather Service office 156:touched down with the strongest ones occurring in 4013:(6). American Meteorological Society: 1494–1505. 42:F5 damage to homes in the Smithfield neighborhood 4001:Agee, Ernest M.; Childs, Samuel (June 1, 2014). 3238:"The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)" 2668:Developing 4 mi (6.4 km) northwest of 4117:(5). American Meteorological Society: 641–653. 4111:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 3289: 3277: 3203: 1304:Five homes were severely damaged or destroyed. 4199:: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 4176:: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. 4007:Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 3191:National Centers for Environmental Information 3082:The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC) 3063: 1477:21 barns and homes were destroyed or damaged. 4683: 4299: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 148:A violent severe weather outbreak struck the 8: 4068:Cook, A. R.; Schaefer, J. T. (August 2008). 3973:"Other Disastrous Birmingham Area Tornadoes" 3881:"Other Disastrous Birmingham Area Tornadoes" 3265: 2617: 152:on April 4–5, 1977. A total of 22  30: 5402:1977 natural disasters in the United States 3451:"Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2021)" 3138:"The International Tornado Intensity Scale" 2878: 2876: 439: 434: 411: 406: 4690: 4676: 4668: 4306: 4292: 4284: 4258:"Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" 3926: 3800: 3773: 3731: 3644: 3563: 3501: 3392: 3325: 2616: 624: 211: 36: 29: 4158: 4122: 4095: 4058: 4018: 3950:Ayres, Jr., B. Drummond (April 6, 1977). 3870: 3215: 3047: 2910:was devised under the aegis of scientist 2902: 2900: 2783:. The 1956 tornado was an F4 that struck 4218:The Tornado: Nature's Ultimate Windstorm 4137:Violent Tornado Climatography, 1880–1982 3864: 3858: 3375: 3313: 3035: 2662:$ 25 million ($ 125,700,000 in 2024 USD) 650: 644: 557: 475: 462: 384: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 113:$ 32,723,500 ($ 164,530,000 in 2024 USD) 4275:National Weather Service (April 1977). 4256:National Weather Service (April 1977). 3146:Tornado and Storm Research Organisation 3142:Tornado and Storm Research Organisation 2989: 2851: 2604: 2518: 2432: 2342: 2250: 2164: 2079: 2027: 1942: 1852: 1754: 1657: 1565: 1475: 1388: 1302: 1215: 1125: 1034: 948: 854: 754: 342: 204:, which killed 72 and injured 22. 140:tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1977 5407:April 1977 events in the United States 3301: 3112:Environment and Climate Change Canada 3108:Environment and Climate Change Canada 3078:"Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage" 2697:were thrown through the air as well. 2525: 2438: 2348: 2257: 2170: 2085: 2033: 1948: 1859: 1763: 1668: 1571: 1481: 1394: 1308: 1221: 1131: 1040: 954: 864: 764: 671: 217: 174:northern Birmingham, Alabama, suburbs 27:Tornado outbreak in the United States 7: 5086:January 2012 (Center Point–Clay, AL) 2685:area, abutting the intersection of 646: 575:Data from Grazulis 1990/1993/2001b 168:. The strongest was a catastrophic 3104:"Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale)" 25: 5377:Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state) 2882:All dates are based on the local 3236:Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). 3076:Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). 2890:and dates are split at midnight 2767:Aftermath, recovery, and records 756:This tornado touched down along 77: 18:Birmingham Tornado of April 1977 4170:Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989 3016:American Meteorological Society 2680:. Near the point of touchdown, 2589: 2503: 2441: 2423: 2420: 2330: 2260: 2238: 2173: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2059: 2051: 2042: 2036: 1930: 1840: 1766: 1747: 1745:1,320 yd (1,210 m)♯※ 1744: 1741: 1671: 1650: 1644: 1574: 1553: 1468: 1462: 1376: 1373: 1311: 1295: 1203: 1113: 1043: 957: 939: 936: 847: 841: 767: 746: 674: 464:All deaths were tornado-related 455: 452: 3114:. June 6, 2013. Archived from 3012:22nd Conf. Severe Local Storms 3001:; Schaefer, Joseph T. (2004). 2733:. This proved disastrous when 2618:Birmingham–Smithfield, Alabama 2613:Birmingham–Smithfield, Alabama 2574:Swatara Township (April 5, F2) 31:Tornado outbreak of April 1977 1: 4632:Hackleburg–Phil Campbell 2011 4151:Nuclear Regulatory Commission 3901:"Smithfield Tornado 4/4/1977" 2830:April 1998 Birmingham tornado 2803:before impacting Rock Creek, 5054:Hackleburg–Phil Campbell, AL 5045:Mid-April 2011 (April 19-24) 5040:Mid-April 2011 (April 14-16) 4228:University of Oklahoma Press 2954:was first installed and the 2825:List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes 1645:7.3 mi (11.7 km)‡ 603:Data from the NCEI database 5387:Tornadoes in North Carolina 4145:(Technical report). NUREG. 3933:Storm Data Publication 1977 3813:Storm Data Publication 1977 3786:Storm Data Publication 1977 3759:Storm Data Publication 1977 3744:Storm Data Publication 1977 3717:Storm Data Publication 1977 3702:Storm Data Publication 1977 3687:Storm Data Publication 1977 3672:Storm Data Publication 1977 3657:Storm Data Publication 1977 3621:Storm Data Publication 1977 3606:Storm Data Publication 1977 3591:Storm Data Publication 1977 3576:Storm Data Publication 1977 3544:Storm Data Publication 1977 3529:Storm Data Publication 1977 3514:Storm Data Publication 1977 3476:Storm Data Publication 1977 3435:Storm Data Publication 1977 3420:Storm Data Publication 1977 3405:Storm Data Publication 1977 3338:Storm Data Publication 1977 2840:Southern Airways Flight 242 2744:Georgia State Route 92 Spur 2735:Southern Airways Flight 242 2421:5.4 mi (8.7 km)‡ 2239:5.2 mi (8.4 km)‡ 2153:0.5 mi (0.80 km) 1758:See section on this tornado 1463:3.3 mi (5.3 km)‡ 1377:0.8 mi (1.3 km)‡ 1290:0.5 mi (0.80 km) 1114:5.9 mi (9.5 km)‡ 1023:0.2 mi (0.32 km) 741:0.1 mi (0.16 km) 376: 373: 370: 346: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 281: 278: 275: 272: 269: 266: 202:Southern Airways Flight 242 5428: 4760:Early-April 1936 (April 5) 4755:Early-April 1936 (April 1) 4315:F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes 3914:: National Weather Service 3014:. Hyannis, Massachusetts: 2888:Coordinated Universal Time 940:500 yd (460 m)† 122:Southeastern United States 5397:Tornadoes in Pennsylvania 5070:Tuscaloosa–Birmingham, AL 4705: 4699:Tornado events in Alabama 4456:Hansell-Charles City 1968 4321: 4168:— (November 1990). 4124:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00006.1 3846:: Storm Prediction Center 3084:. Storm Prediction Center 2870:(F2 or stronger) tornado. 2701:followed the tornado and 2627: 2605: 2519: 2433: 2424:100 yd (91 m)※ 2343: 2331:10 mi (16 km)※ 2251: 2242:400 yd (370 m) 2165: 2080: 2071:750 yd (690 m) 2028: 1943: 1931:6 mi (9.7 km)※ 1912:Adairsville (April 4, F3) 1853: 1844:400 yd (370 m) 1841:20 mi (32 km)※ 1755: 1742:15 mi (24 km)※ 1658: 1648:150 yd (140 m) 1566: 1557:150 yd (140 m) 1554:5 mi (8.0 km)※ 1476: 1444:Springville (April 4, F2) 1389: 1380:200 yd (180 m) 1303: 1216: 1204:5 mi (8.0 km)† 1126: 1117:200 yd (180 m) 1035: 949: 937:10 mi (16 km)※ 855: 842:10 mi (16 km)※ 755: 666: 663: 660: 653: 641: 630: 615: 611:Maximum width of tornado 607: 599: 587: 579: 571: 566: 563: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 458: 343: 303: 263: 135: 103:+22 non-tornadic injuries 35: 5357:Tornadoes in Mississippi 4735:Palm Sunday (March) 1920 4020:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0235.1 3905:NWS Birmingham, Alabama 3834:, ed. (March 19, 2021). 3266:Cook & Schaefer 2008 2956:National Weather Service 2917:National Weather Service 2593:2 mi (3.2 km) 2507:2 mi (3.2 km) 2334:100 yd (91 m) 2220:Mill Creek (April 4, F2) 2068:12 mi (19 km) 2019:100 yd (91 m) 2016:2 mi (3.2 km) 1934:100 yd (91 m) 1207:100 yd (91 m) 1095:Hanceville (April 4, F2) 1026:10 yd (9.1 m) 845:100 yd (91 m) 477:Confirmed tornadoes by 4038:Weather and Forecasting 3907:Weather Forecast Office 3246:Storm Prediction Center 2997:Schneider, Russell S.; 2791:, northern Birmingham, 2756:Georgia State Route 381 2596:67 yd (61 m) 2510:50 yd (46 m) 2156:20 yd (18 m) 1466:80 yd (73 m) 1293:20 yd (18 m) 744:50 yd (46 m) 4955:Hurricane Katrina 2005 4277:Storm Data Publication 4197:St. Johnsbury, Vermont 4174:St. Johnsbury, Vermont 4075:Monthly Weather Review 3280:, pp. 1497, 1503. 3148:. 2016. Archived from 2787:and continued through 2488:Onancock (April 5, F1) 2134:Edgewood (April 4, F1) 1626:Ashville (April 4, F2) 1004:Hannibal (April 4, F0) 722:Florence (April 4, F1) 5392:Tornadoes in Virginia 5372:Tornadoes in Kentucky 5362:Tornadoes in Missouri 4191:— (July 1993). 4097:10.1175/2007MWR2171.1 3176:Storm Events Database 2921:Enhanced Fujita scale 1822:Lindale (April 4, F3) 1535:Markton (April 4, F2) 1271:Ragland (April 4, F2) 1185:Section (April 4, F2) 544:Doppler weather radar 194:Floyd County, Georgia 5382:Tornadoes in Indiana 5367:Tornadoes in Alabama 5101:Hurricane Isaac 2012 4855:Hurricane Hilda 1964 4845:Hurricane Carla 1961 4602:Lawrence County 1998 3290:Agee and Childs 2014 3278:Agee and Childs 2014 3204:Agee and Childs 2014 2725:Non-tornadic impacts 2682:Daniel Payne College 1358:Elkton (April 4, F1) 823:Center (April 4, F2) 386:Outbreak death toll 5156:Early-February 2017 5136:Early-February 2016 5050:Super Outbreak 2011 4875:Super Outbreak 1974 4391:Ruskin Heights 1957 4133:Grazulis, Thomas P. 4088:2008MWRv..136.3121C 4051:2004WtFor..19..310B 3064:Edwards et al. 2013 2619: 2558: /  2472: /  2386: /  2296: /  2204: /  2118: /  1981: /  1896: /  1806: /  1707: /  1610: /  1519: /  1428: /  1342: /  1255: /  1169: /  1079: /  988: /  918:Macon (April 4, F2) 902: /  807: /  706: /  627: 591:Data from the 1977 560: 481: 472:Confirmed tornadoes 387: 214: 208:Outbreak statistics 32: 5266:Late-November 2022 5236:Hurricane Ida 2021 5141:Late-February 2016 5005:Super Tuesday 2008 4985:Late-November 2006 4965:Late-November 2005 4785:Late-February 1952 4416:Wichita Falls 1964 3957:The New York Times 3827:Multiple sources: 3066:, p. 641–642. 2912:T. Theodore Fujita 2754:Highway (formerly 625: 558: 553:Thomas P. Grazulis 551:tornado historian 476: 385: 212: 5352:Tornadoes of 1977 5334: 5333: 5271:Mid-December 2022 4980:Mid-November 2006 4960:Mid-November 2005 4940:Veterans Day 2002 4780:Mid-February 1952 4665: 4664: 4627:Philadelphia 2011 4607:Bridge Creek 1999 4486:Valley Mills 1973 4451:Wheelersburg 1968 4245:— (2001b). 4237:978-0-8061-3538-0 4214:— (2001a). 4029:Brooks, Harold E. 2999:Brooks, Harold E. 2864:outbreak sequence 2740:New Hope, Georgia 2666: 2665: 2610: 2609: 623: 622: 559:Color/symbol key 536: 535: 469: 468: 465: 383: 382: 192:. One tornado in 146: 145: 16:(Redirected from 5419: 5291:March–April 2023 5281:Early-March 2023 5276:Mid-January 2023 5256:Early-April 2022 5171:Early-March 2019 5091:Early-March 2012 5035:Early-April 2011 4905:Palm Sunday 1994 4870:Early-April 1974 4692: 4685: 4678: 4669: 4622:Parkersburg 2008 4506:Sayler Park 1974 4501:Brandenburg 1974 4386:Hudsonville 1956 4308: 4301: 4294: 4285: 4280: 4271: 4250: 4241: 4221: 4210: 4187: 4164: 4162: 4147:Washington, D.C. 4128: 4126: 4101: 4099: 4082:(8): 3121–3137. 4064: 4062: 4024: 4022: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3947: 3941: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3844:Norman, Oklahoma 3825: 3819: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3714: 3708: 3699: 3693: 3684: 3678: 3669: 3663: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3603: 3597: 3588: 3582: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3482: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3447: 3441: 3432: 3426: 3417: 3411: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3379: 3373: 3344: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3233: 3227: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3152:on March 5, 2016 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3118:on March 3, 2016 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3009: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2947: 2941: 2934: 2928: 2904: 2895: 2894:for consistency. 2880: 2871: 2856: 2746:, is now called 2678:Jefferson County 2620: 2601: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2530:Swatara Township 2515: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2429: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2339: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2247: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2161: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2076: 2062: 2024: 2010: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1939: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1849: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1750: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1653: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1562: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1471: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1385: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1298: 1284: 1279: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1212: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1122: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1031: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 986: 985: 984: 981: 945: 931: 926: 925: 923: 922: 921: 919: 914: 913: 908: 903: 900: 899: 898: 895: 850: 836: 831: 830: 828: 827: 826: 824: 819: 818: 813: 808: 805: 804: 803: 800: 750: 735: 730: 729: 727: 726: 725: 723: 718: 717: 712: 707: 704: 703: 702: 699: 648: 639:County / Parish 628: 561: 482: 463: 388: 379: 339: 299: 215: 198:St. Clair County 172:that struck the 91:+72 non-tornadic 48:Tornado outbreak 40: 33: 21: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5412:1977 in Alabama 5337: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5286:Late-March 2023 5251:Late-March 2022 5226:Late-March 2021 5216:Late-April 2020 4701: 4696: 4666: 4661: 4642:Rainsville 2011 4637:Smithville 2011 4612:Greensburg 2007 4572:Plainfield 1990 4542:Birmingham 1977 4317: 4312: 4274: 4255: 4247:F5-F6 Tornadoes 4244: 4238: 4213: 4207: 4190: 4184: 4172:. Vol. 2. 4167: 4131: 4104: 4067: 4027: 4000: 3997: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3927:Storm Data 1977 3917: 3915: 3912:Calera, Alabama 3899: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3861:, p. A-92 3849: 3847: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3811: 3807: 3801:Storm Data 1977 3799: 3795: 3784: 3780: 3774:Storm Data 1977 3772: 3768: 3757: 3753: 3742: 3738: 3732:Storm Data 1977 3730: 3726: 3715: 3711: 3700: 3696: 3685: 3681: 3670: 3666: 3655: 3651: 3645:Storm Data 1977 3643: 3630: 3619: 3615: 3604: 3600: 3589: 3585: 3574: 3570: 3564:Storm Data 1977 3562: 3553: 3542: 3538: 3527: 3523: 3512: 3508: 3502:Storm Data 1977 3500: 3485: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3433: 3429: 3418: 3414: 3403: 3399: 3393:Storm Data 1977 3391: 3382: 3378:, p. 1192. 3374: 3347: 3336: 3332: 3326:Storm Data 1977 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3292:, p. 1494. 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3268:, p. 3135. 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3214: 3210: 3206:, p. 1496. 3202: 3198: 3184: 3182: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3007: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2948: 2944: 2935: 2931: 2905: 2898: 2881: 2874: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2821: 2785:McDonald Chapel 2769: 2727: 2638:Overall effects 2615: 2599: 2585: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2563:40.25°N 76.83°W 2561: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2513: 2499: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2477:37.72°N 75.75°W 2475: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2427: 2413: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2393: 2391:31.17°N 83.43°W 2389: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2337: 2323: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2301:36.32°N 81.02°W 2299: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2245: 2231: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2209:34.50°N 83.95°W 2207: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2159: 2145: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2125: 2123:40.10°N 85.73°W 2121: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2074: 2060: 2022: 2008: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1988: 1986:34.70°N 84.73°W 1984: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1937: 1923: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1901:34.37°N 84.93°W 1899: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1847: 1833: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1811:34.17°N 85.20°W 1809: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1748: 1734: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1712:33.52°N 86.93°W 1710: 1709: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1651: 1637: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1617: 1615:33.83°N 86.25°W 1613: 1612: 1609: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1560: 1546: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1524:33.88°N 86.02°W 1522: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1469: 1455: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1433:33.77°N 86.47°W 1431: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1383: 1369: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1349: 1347:36.82°N 87.15°W 1345: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1296: 1282: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1260:33.73°N 86.15°W 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1210: 1196: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1174:34.55°N 85.98°W 1172: 1171: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1120: 1106: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1084:34.07°N 86.77°W 1082: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1065: 1029: 1015: 1003: 1001: 997: 995: 993:39.67°N 91.33°W 991: 990: 987: 982: 979: 977: 975: 974: 943: 929: 917: 915: 911: 909: 907:33.05°N 88.55°W 905: 904: 901: 896: 893: 891: 889: 888: 848: 834: 822: 820: 816: 814: 812:32.82°N 89.00°W 810: 809: 806: 801: 798: 796: 794: 793: 748: 733: 721: 719: 715: 713: 711:32.13°N 90.15°W 709: 708: 705: 700: 697: 695: 693: 692: 564:Color / symbol 474: 401: 377: 337: 297: 259: F5  256: F4  253: F3  250: F2  247: F1  244: F0  241: FU  210: 136: 124:, particularly 81:Overall effects 74:April 4–5, 1977 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5425: 5423: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5339: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5321:Early-May 2024 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5261:Mid-April 2022 5258: 5253: 5248: 5246:Mid-March 2022 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Early-May 2021 5228: 5223: 5221:Mid-March 2021 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5181:Mid-March 2019 5178: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5096:Mid-March 2012 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5062:Smithville, MS 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4975:September 2006 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4672: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4597:Oak Grove 1998 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4552:Barneveld 1984 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4532:Brownwood 1976 4529: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4481:San Justo 1973 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4376:Blackwell 1955 4373: 4371:Vicksburg 1953 4368: 4363: 4358: 4356:Fort Rice 1953 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4336:Montville 1845 4333: 4331:Hainichen 1800 4328: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4296: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4272: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4242: 4236: 4211: 4205: 4188: 4182: 4129: 4102: 4065: 4031:(April 2004). 4025: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3979:on 3 June 2011 3963: 3942: 3940: 3939: 3930: 3924: 3897: 3887:on 3 June 2011 3876: 3875: 3874: 3871:Grazulis 2001b 3868: 3867:, p. 1192 3856: 3832:Edwards, Roger 3820: 3805: 3793: 3778: 3766: 3751: 3736: 3724: 3709: 3694: 3679: 3664: 3649: 3628: 3613: 3598: 3583: 3568: 3551: 3536: 3521: 3506: 3483: 3468: 3442: 3427: 3412: 3397: 3380: 3345: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3304:, p. 310. 3294: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3228: 3216:Grazulis 2001a 3208: 3196: 3163: 3129: 3095: 3068: 3056: 3048:Grazulis 2001a 3040: 3038:, p. 141. 3028: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2969: 2960: 2942: 2929: 2896: 2872: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2820: 2817: 2813:Pleasant Grove 2805:Sylvan Springs 2768: 2765: 2726: 2723: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2625: 2624: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2497: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2280: 2278:North Carolina 2275: 2270: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2041: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2006: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1921: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1732: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1544: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1367: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1194: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1013: 972: 967: 962: 956: 952: 951: 947: 946: 941: 938: 935: 932: 927: 886: 881: 876: 866: 862: 861: 853: 852: 846: 843: 840: 837: 832: 791: 786: 777: 766: 762: 761: 753: 752: 745: 742: 739: 736: 731: 690: 685: 680: 673: 669: 668: 665: 662: 659: 652: 649: 643: 640: 637: 634: 621: 620: 617: 613: 612: 609: 605: 604: 601: 597: 596: 589: 585: 584: 581: 577: 576: 573: 569: 568: 565: 534: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 508: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 473: 470: 467: 466: 460: 459: 457: 454: 450: 449: 446: 441: 438: 432: 431: 428: 422: 421: 418: 413: 410: 404: 403: 398: 395: 392: 381: 380: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 345: 341: 340: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 301: 300: 295: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 261: 260: 257: 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 231: 228: 222: 219: 209: 206: 190:North Carolina 144: 143: 133: 132: 119: 118:Areas affected 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 99: 95: 94: 87: 83: 82: 78: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 61:Maximum rating 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 45: 44: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5424: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5327: 5326:Late-May 2024 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5301:December 2023 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5241:December 2021 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5201:February 2020 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5191:December 2019 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5175:Beaurgard, AL 5172: 5169: 5167: 5166:December 2018 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5146:November 2016 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5131:December 2015 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116:February 2013 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5106:December 2012 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5081:November 2011 5079: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4950:November 2004 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4935:November 2001 4933: 4931: 4930:December 2000 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920:February 1998 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4900:November 1992 4898: 4896: 4895:November 1989 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4835:February 1961 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:December 1957 4823: 4821: 4820:November 1957 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805:December 1954 4803: 4801: 4800:December 1953 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4770:February 1945 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4715:February 1884 4713: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4587:Oakfield 1996 4585: 4583: 4582:Chandler 1992 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510:Tanner 1974 ( 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4421:Bradshaw 1964 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4401:Sunfield 1957 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4346:Montello 1930 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4208: 4206:1-879362-03-1 4202: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4183:1-879362-02-3 4179: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4045:(2): 310–19. 4044: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3964: 3960:. p. 20. 3959: 3958: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3902: 3898: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3865:Grazulis 1993 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859:Grazulis 1984 3857: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3779: 3776:, p. 12. 3775: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376:Grazulis 1993 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3316:, p. ix. 3315: 3314:Grazulis 1990 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3036:Grazulis 1993 3032: 3029: 3021:September 17, 3017: 3013: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2973: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2626: 2621: 2612: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2590:21:50–22:15※ 2584: 2580: 2568:40.25; -76.83 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2482:37.72; -75.75 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2437: 2426: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2402:(April 5, F1) 2396:31.17; -83.43 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2312:(April 4, F1) 2306:36.32; -81.02 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2214:34.50; -83.95 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2169: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2128:40.10; -85.73 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2032: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1997:(April 4, F1) 1991:34.70; -84.73 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1906:34.37; -84.93 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1816:34.17; -85.20 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1759: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1723:(April 4, F5) 1717:33.52; -86.93 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1647: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1620:33.83; -86.25 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1529:33.88; -86.02 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1465: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1438:33.77; -86.47 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1382: 1379: 1368: 1364: 1352:36.82; -87.15 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1307: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1265:33.73; -86.15 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1179:34.55; -85.98 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1089:34.07; -86.77 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1039: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1014: 1010: 998:39.67; -91.33 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 960: 953: 942: 933: 928: 924: 912:33.05; -88.55 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 874:Prairie Point 871: 867: 863: 859: 844: 838: 833: 829: 817:32.82; -89.00 792: 790: 787: 785: 781: 778: 775: 771: 763: 759: 743: 740: 737: 732: 728: 716:32.13; -90.15 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 678: 670: 657: 633: 629: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 562: 556: 554: 549: 545: 542: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 509: 483: 480: 479:Fujita rating 471: 461: 451: 447: 445: 442: 437: 433: 429: 427: 424: 423: 419: 417: 414: 409: 405: 399: 396: 393: 390: 389: 304:April 5 302: 264:April 4 262: 239: 226: 216: 207: 205: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 142: 141: 134: 131: 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 79: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 55: 51: 46: 39: 34: 19: 5347:F5 tornadoes 5306:January 2024 5196:January 2020 5151:January 2017 5111:January 2013 5065: 5057: 5030:October 2010 5000:January 2008 4995:October 2007 4884: 4880:January 1975 4652:El Reno 2011 4592:Jarrell 1997 4577:Andover 1991 4567:Goessel 1990 4562:Hesston 1990 4476:Waverly 1971 4471:Lubbock 1970 4461:Oelwein 1968 4446:Palluel 1967 4441:Belmond 1966 4431:Jackson 1966 4426:Gregory 1965 4326:Woldegk 1764 4267: 4261: 4246: 4217: 4192: 4169: 4140: 4136: 4135:(May 1984). 4114: 4110: 4079: 4073: 4042: 4036: 4010: 4006: 3981:. Retrieved 3977:the original 3966: 3955: 3945: 3916:. Retrieved 3904: 3889:. Retrieved 3885:the original 3873:, p. 28 3848:. Retrieved 3839: 3823: 3808: 3803:, p. 8. 3796: 3781: 3769: 3754: 3739: 3734:, p. 7. 3727: 3712: 3697: 3682: 3667: 3652: 3647:, p. 3. 3616: 3601: 3586: 3571: 3566:, p. 4. 3539: 3524: 3509: 3504:, p. 2. 3471: 3459:. Retrieved 3454: 3445: 3430: 3415: 3400: 3395:, p. 6. 3333: 3328:, p. 5. 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3261: 3251:February 25, 3249:. Retrieved 3241: 3231: 3211: 3199: 3189:– via 3183:. Retrieved 3175: 3166: 3156:February 25, 3154:. Retrieved 3150:the original 3141: 3132: 3122:February 25, 3120:. Retrieved 3116:the original 3107: 3098: 3088:February 25, 3086:. Retrieved 3081: 3071: 3059: 3043: 3031: 3019:. Retrieved 3003: 2992: 2972: 2963: 2945: 2937: 2932: 2908:Fujita scale 2854: 2770: 2728: 2707:1970 Lubbock 2667: 2631:Fujita scale 2628: 2540:Pennsylvania 1756:22 deaths – 1749:$ 25,000,000 1662:storm cellar 661:Path length 595:publication 592: 567:Description 548:Fujita scale 537: 378:$ 32,723,500 298:$ 29,948,500 147: 138: 137:Part of the 5211:Easter 2020 4647:Joplin 2011 4547:Messer 1982 4537:Jordan 1976 4491:Depauw 1974 4436:Topeka 1966 4411:Prague 1960 4406:Colfax 1958 3929:, p. 2 3461:24 February 3302:Brooks 2004 3218:, pp.  2925:TORRO scale 2868:significant 2695:dump-trucks 2600:$ 2,500,000 2566: / 2480: / 2394: / 2358:Chaserville 2304: / 2212: / 2126: / 1989: / 1904: / 1864:Adairsville 1848:$ 2,500,000 1814: / 1769:Cave Spring 1715: / 1618: / 1579:† to SE of 1527: / 1436: / 1400:Springville 1350: / 1263: / 1177: / 1087: / 1050:Center Hill 996: / 910: / 884:Mississippi 815: / 789:Mississippi 714: / 688:Mississippi 338:$ 2,775,000 186:Mississippi 158:Mississippi 5341:Categories 5316:April 2024 5311:March 2024 5206:March 2020 5186:April 2019 5161:April 2017 5126:April 2014 5025:April 2010 5015:April 2009 5010:March 2008 4990:March 2007 4970:March 2006 4925:April 1998 4915:April 1996 4890:April 1979 4885:April 1977 4860:March 1966 4850:March 1962 4840:April 1961 4815:April 1957 4810:April 1956 4790:March 1952 4775:April 1945 4765:March 1942 4745:March 1932 4740:April 1920 4725:March 1913 4720:April 1908 4710:March 1875 4657:Moore 2013 4557:Niles 1985 4527:Spiro 1976 4496:Xenia 1974 4466:Tracy 1968 4396:Fargo 1957 4381:Udall 1955 4366:Anita 1953 4361:Flint 1953 4341:Bowen 1876 4263:Storm Data 4163:. CR-3670. 3983:4 December 3918:4 December 3891:4 December 3850:3 February 3185:4 December 3178:(Report). 3050:, p.  2985:References 2938:Storm Data 2801:Tuscaloosa 2793:Fultondale 2711:1974 Xenia 2699:Ted Fujita 2670:Birmingham 2643:Fatalities 2623:F5 tornado 2572: ( 2486: ( 2400: ( 2356:to WNW of 2310: ( 2218: ( 2175:Mill Creek 2132: ( 2039:Cincinnati 1995: ( 1910: ( 1820: ( 1771:to ESE of 1721: ( 1676:to ESE of 1674:Forestdale 1624: ( 1533: ( 1442: ( 1356: ( 1269: ( 1183: ( 1093: ( 1046:Hanceville 1002: ( 916: ( 821: ( 720: ( 593:Storm Data 170:F5 tornado 86:Fatalities 65:F5 tornado 5296:June 2023 4617:Elie 2007 4522:Guin 1974 4351:Waco 1953 3817:#10117988 3790:#10151506 3748:#10091000 3706:#10016135 3580:#10033923 3480:#10059535 3439:#10050011 3424:#10050010 3409:#10050009 3342:#10050008 2884:time zone 2789:Edgewater 2703:supercell 2514:$ 250,000 2504:14:03–?※ 2338:$ 250,000 2246:$ 250,000 2075:$ 250,000 2057:Un­known 2023:$ 250,000 1938:$ 250,000 1684:Jefferson 1652:$ 140,000 1587:St. Clair 1561:$ 250,000 1491:Southside 1405:St. Clair 1384:$ 250,000 1374:19:30–?‡ 1232:St. Clair 1225:Southern 1211:$ 250,000 772:to NW of 636:Location 426:St. Clair 416:Jefferson 233:Injuries 154:tornadoes 150:Southeast 53:Tornadoes 5121:May 2013 5076:May 2011 5020:May 2009 4945:May 2003 4910:May 1995 4865:May 1973 4830:May 1960 4795:May 1953 4750:May 1933 4730:May 1917 3937:#9976475 3763:#9995230 3721:#9995229 3691:#9995225 3676:#9995224 3661:#9995222 3625:#9976472 3610:#9976471 3595:#9976470 3548:#9976468 3533:#9976467 3518:#9976465 2860:outbreak 2819:See also 2651:Injuries 2521:damage. 2454:Virginia 2449:Accomack 2443:Onancock 2428:$ 25,000 2418:07:45–? 2352:Eastern 2328:02:30–? 2267:Thurmond 2265:to E of 2263:Traphill 2236:01:00–? 2160:$ 25,000 2150:23:00–? 2090:Edgewood 2065:22:00–? 2053:Kentucky 2013:21:45–? 1953:Ramhurst 1928:21:30–? 1838:21:15–? 1773:Six Mile 1739:21:00–? 1642:20:30–? 1577:Ashville 1551:20:30–? 1489:to E of 1470:$ 85,000 1460:20:00–? 1398:Eastern 1324:Kentucky 1297:$ 60,000 1287:18:30–? 1201:18:20–? 1139:to N of 1121:$ 25,000 1111:17:12–? 1020:15:30–? 970:Missouri 959:Hannibal 944:$ 25,000 934:15:00–? 872:to W of 849:$ 85,000 839:14:00–? 738:12:00–? 677:Florence 98:Injuries 71:Duration 4160:7099491 4084:Bibcode 4047:Bibcode 3995:Sources 2892:CST/CDT 2809:Concord 2797:Tarrant 2758:). The 2752:Acworth 2731:Alabama 2719:Tarrant 2672:, near 2629:on the 2586:April 5 2553:76°50′W 2550:40°15′N 2535:Dauphin 2500:April 5 2467:75°45′W 2464:37°43′N 2414:April 5 2381:83°26′W 2378:31°10′N 2368:Georgia 2324:April 4 2291:81°01′W 2288:36°19′N 2232:April 4 2199:83°57′W 2196:34°30′N 2186:Georgia 2181:Lumpkin 2146:April 4 2113:85°44′W 2110:40°06′N 2100:Indiana 2095:Madison 2061:April 4 2009:April 4 1976:84°44′W 1973:34°42′N 1963:Georgia 1924:April 4 1891:84°56′W 1888:34°22′N 1878:Georgia 1834:April 4 1801:85°12′W 1798:34°10′N 1788:Georgia 1777:Lindale 1735:April 4 1702:86°56′W 1699:33°31′N 1689:Alabama 1672:ESE of 1638:April 4 1605:86°15′W 1602:33°50′N 1592:Alabama 1547:April 4 1514:86°01′W 1511:33°53′N 1501:Alabama 1487:Markton 1456:April 4 1423:86°28′W 1420:33°46′N 1410:Alabama 1370:April 4 1337:87°09′W 1334:36°49′N 1283:April 4 1250:86°09′W 1247:33°44′N 1237:Alabama 1227:Ragland 1197:April 4 1164:85°59′W 1161:34°33′N 1151:Alabama 1146:Jackson 1137:Section 1107:April 4 1074:86°46′W 1071:34°04′N 1061:Alabama 1056:Cullman 1030:$ 2,500 1016:April 4 983:91°20′W 980:39°40′N 930:April 4 897:88°33′W 894:33°03′N 879:Calhoun 835:April 4 802:89°00′W 799:32°49′N 780:Neshoba 774:Preston 768:WNW of 749:$ 1,000 734:April 4 701:90°09′W 698:32°08′N 667:Damage 453:Totals 436:Georgia 408:Alabama 397:County 236:Damage 230:Deaths 227:rating 225:F-scale 182:Georgia 178:Alabama 166:Georgia 162:Alabama 130:Georgia 126:Alabama 5068: 5066:· 5064:  5060: 5058:· 5056:  4234:  4224:Norman 4203:  4180:  4157:  2952:NEXRAD 2795:, and 2779:, and 2748:Dallas 2659:Damage 2354:Sparks 2273:Wilkes 2177:area※ 2048:Kenton 1958:Murray 1873:Bartow 1868:Folsom 1678:Pinson 1581:Steele 1496:Etowah 1313:Elkton 1141:Dutton 965:Marion 784:Kemper 770:Center 758:MS 469 683:Rankin 664:Width 654:Time ( 647:Coord. 645:Start 642:State 541:NEXRAD 506:Total 402:total 400:County 394:Total 391:State 344:Total 221:Total 164:, and 110:Damage 3008:(PDF) 2846:Notes 2691:US 31 2674:US 78 2261:S of 2044:Boone 2037:S of 1783:Floyd 1775:‡ to 1767:E of 1575:N of 1485:W of 1135:S of 1044:Near 870:Macon 868:S of 858:MS 21 675:S of 651:Date 444:Floyd 218:Date 101:158 ( 4232:ISBN 4201:ISBN 4178:ISBN 4155:OSTI 4142:OSTI 3985:2023 3920:2023 3893:2023 3852:2022 3463:2022 3253:2016 3187:2023 3180:NOAA 3158:2016 3124:2016 3090:2016 3023:2019 2906:The 2781:2011 2777:1998 2773:1956 2760:DC-9 2715:NCEI 2709:and 2689:and 2687:I-65 2363:Cook 2171:F2† 2034:FU※ 1860:F3† 1572:F2† 1319:Todd 865:F2† 765:F2† 747:< 374:158 294:157 188:and 128:and 89:24 ( 4516:2nd 4512:1st 4119:doi 4092:doi 4080:136 4055:doi 4015:doi 3220:251 3052:131 2858:An 2654:130 2526:F2 2439:F1 2349:F1 2258:F1 2086:F1 1949:F1 1866:to 1764:F3 1669:F5 1482:F2 1395:F2 1309:F1 1222:F2 1132:F2 1048:to 1041:F2 955:F0 672:F1 656:UTC 532:22 520:10 503:F5 500:F4 497:F3 494:F2 491:F1 488:F0 485:FU 456:24 420:22 412:23 371:24 359:10 347:22 291:24 267:19 5343:: 4514:, 4268:19 4266:. 4260:. 4230:. 4226:: 4222:. 4195:. 4153:. 4149:: 4139:. 4115:94 4113:. 4109:. 4090:. 4078:. 4072:. 4053:. 4043:19 4041:. 4035:. 4011:53 4009:. 4005:. 3954:. 3935:, 3910:. 3903:. 3842:. 3838:. 3815:, 3788:, 3761:, 3746:, 3719:, 3704:, 3689:, 3674:, 3659:, 3631:^ 3623:, 3608:, 3593:, 3578:, 3554:^ 3546:, 3531:, 3516:, 3486:^ 3478:, 3453:. 3437:, 3422:, 3407:, 3383:^ 3348:^ 3340:, 3244:. 3240:. 3174:. 3144:. 3140:. 3110:. 3106:. 3080:. 3010:. 2899:^ 2875:^ 2811:, 2775:, 2721:. 2646:22 2445:※ 2269:※ 2046:, 1779:※ 1751:¶ 1680:¶ 1664:. 1654:† 1583:‡ 1472:† 1315:※ 1299:† 1052:※ 961:※ 851:※ 782:, 776:※ 751:※ 679:※ 658:) 632:F# 616:± 608:♯ 600:‡ 588:※ 580:¶ 572:† 555:. 529:1 526:0 523:2 517:7 514:1 511:1 448:1 440:1 430:1 368:1 365:0 362:2 356:7 353:1 350:1 334:1 331:0 328:0 325:0 322:0 319:1 316:2 313:0 310:0 307:3 288:1 285:0 282:2 279:9 276:5 273:1 270:1 184:, 180:, 160:, 56:22 5177:) 5173:( 5072:) 5052:( 4691:e 4684:t 4677:v 4518:) 4307:e 4300:t 4293:v 4240:. 4209:. 4186:. 4127:. 4121:: 4100:. 4094:: 4086:: 4063:. 4057:: 4049:: 4023:. 4017:: 3987:. 3922:. 3895:. 3854:. 3465:. 3255:. 3226:. 3224:4 3222:– 3193:. 3160:. 3126:. 3092:. 3054:. 3025:. 2927:. 2750:– 2576:) 2490:) 2404:) 2314:) 2222:) 2136:) 1999:) 1914:) 1824:) 1725:) 1628:) 1537:) 1446:) 1360:) 1273:) 1187:) 1097:) 1006:) 920:) 825:) 724:) 105:) 93:) 20:)

Index

Birmingham Tornado of April 1977

F5 tornado
+72 non-tornadic
+22 non-tornadic injuries
Southeastern United States
Alabama
Georgia
tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1977
Southeast
tornadoes
Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia
F5 tornado
northern Birmingham, Alabama, suburbs
Alabama
Georgia
Mississippi
North Carolina
Floyd County, Georgia
St. Clair County
Southern Airways Flight 242
F-scale
Alabama
Jefferson
St. Clair
Georgia
Floyd
Fujita rating

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