83:
927:) by the Soviet playwright Victor Fink celebrated Birobidzhan as the coming together of three communities-the Koreans, the Amur Cossacks and the Jews. Each community has its own good and bad characters, but ultimately the good characters from each community learn to co-operate and work with each other. To symbolize the unity achieved, the play ends with mixed marriages with one Jewish character marrying a Korean, another Jewish character marrying a Cossack and a Cossack marrying a Korean. Likewise, the Soviet Yiddish writer Emmanuil Kazakevich portrayed in a poem the achievement of Birobidzhan being declared the Jewish Autonomous Region on 7 May 1934 as an inter-communal event with the members of the Amur Cossack Host coming out to join the celebrations. Kazkevich's poem had a basis in reality-many members of the Amur Cossack Host hoped that Birobidzhan signalled Soviet interest in the neglected region along the banks of the Amur river.
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being taught Jewish songs, dance and traditions. It is a public school that offers a half-day
Yiddish and Jewish curriculum for those parents who choose it. About half the school's 120 pupils are enrolled in the Yiddish course. Many of them continue on to Public School No. 2, which offers the same half-day Yiddish/Jewish curriculum from first through 12th grade. Yiddish is also offered at Birobidzhan's Pedagogical Institute, one of the only university-level Yiddish courses in the country. Today, the town's fourteen public schools must teach Yiddish and Jewish tradition.
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3048:Городская Дума. Решение №242 от 30 июня 2005 г. «Об уставе муниципального образования "Город Биробиджан" Еврейской автономной области», в ред. Решения №166 от 24 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Биробиджан" Еврейской автономной области, утверждённый Решением городской Думы от 30.06.2005 №242». Вступил в силу после государственной регистрации через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (11 декабря 2005 г.). Опубликован: "МИГ", №47, 1 декабря 2005 г.
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963:. Large numbers of them remained even after 2 million of them departed for other countries prior to the formation of the Soviet Union. While thousands of Jews migrated to Birobidzhan, the hardship and isolation caused most to leave. In 1939 the Jewish population made up less than twenty percent of the overall population. Shortly after World War II, the Jewish population in the region reached its peak of about 30,000. As of the mid-2010s, only about 2,000 Jews remain in the region, making up about one half of a percent of the population.
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167:
110:
3077:Законодательное Собрание Еврейской автономной области. Закон №226-ОЗ от 26 ноября 2003 г. «О статусе и границе городского округа "город Биробиджан"», в ред. Закона №340-ОЗ от 2 ноября 2004 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законы Еврейской автономной области о статусе и границе муниципальных районов, городского округа». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанская звезда", №93, 23 декабря 2003 г.
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908:. After Lord Marley met with Peter Smidovich and Jacob Tsegelnitski in August 1932, Marley became a proponent of Birobidzhan as a new homeland for Jewish workers and refugees. His visit to Birobidzhan in October 1933 was organized by Smidovich himself. Marley's assessment of the area was positive, and he became a more avid supporter of the settlement of Birobidzhan.
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citizens, some disillusioned by modern cultures with a desire to work the land and promote socialist ideals, with few interested in establishing a cultural homeland. Ulterior motives generated by the Soviet government were the primary reasons for the Jewish relocation to
Birobidzhan. They were strategically relocated from their native areas of
3065:Законодательное Собрание Еврейской автономной области. Закон №982-ОЗ от 20 июля 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Еврейской автономной области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Биробиджанская звезда", №54, 29 июля 2011 г.
82:
872:. As Jews relocated to Birobidzhan, they had to compete with the approximately 27,000 Russians, Cossacks, Koreans, and Ukrainians already residing there for property and land to develop new homes. This complicated the transition for the Jewish population, as there was no significant area to claim as their own.
832:
Jewish communists believed that the Soviet Union's creation of
Birobidzhan was the "only true and sensible solution to the national question." The Soviet government used the slogan "To the Jewish Homeland!" to encourage Jewish workers to move to Birobidzhan. The slogan proved successful in convincing
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of the Jewish
Autonomous Oblast in 1934, and town status was granted to it in 1937. The 36,000 km of Birobidzhan were approved by the Politburo on March 28, 1928. After the Bolshevik revolution, the Soviet Union contained two organizations that worked with the Jews settling into Birobidzhan, the
970:
of the Jewish community, was meant to help integrate the Jewish population into the Soviet population. The language would ensure 'national in form, socialist in content' was being followed by the Soviet Jewry. Many government officials in the
Kremlin were under the impression that Birobidzhan was to
879:
When the
Stalinist purges began, shortly after the creation of Birobidzhan, Jews there were targeted. Following World War II, tens of thousands of displaced Eastern European Jews found their way to Birobidzhan from 1946 to 1948. Some were Ukrainian and Belarusian Jews who were not allowed to return
846:
Although
Birobidzhan was meant to serve as a home for the Jewish population, the idea struggled to become reality. There were no important cultural connections between the land and the Jewish settlers. The growing population was culturally diverse, with some settlers focused on being modern Russian
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played a large part in promoting
Birobidzhan, although he himself did not really live there. Bergelson wrote articles in the Yiddish language newspapers in other countries extolling the region as an ideal escape from antisemitism elsewhere. At least 1,000 families from the United States and Latin
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texts. The town now boasts several state-run schools that teach
Yiddish, as well as an Anglo-Yiddish faculty at its higher education college, a Yiddish school for religious instruction and a kindergarten. The five- to seven-year-olds spend two lessons a week learning to speak Yiddish, as well as
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Rabbi Eli Riss has set out to return the Jewish culture to the Jewish
Autonomous Oblast. The current slogan is "make Birobidzhan Jewish again". The people want this to include teaching Yiddish in the school systems again as well as celebrating the variety of Jewish holidays. Riss' parents were
1089:, titled, "Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage", examined the current status of the city and suggested that, even though the Jewish Autonomous Region in Russia's far east is now barely 1% Jewish, officials hope to woo back people who left after Soviet collapse.
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received permission from the Soviet government to aid Jewish families traveling to Birobidzhan from Poland, Romania, Lithuania and Germany. Jewish workers and engineers traveled to Birobidzhan from Argentina and the United States as well. This campaign by the Soviet government was known as the
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originally residents of Birobidzhan, but moved to Israel in the 90's along with a large majority of the Jewish population from the Oblast. He came back as the Chief Rabbi with plans of reinvigorating the Jewish culture. There are already plans for a kosher restaurant, supermarket, and
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in 1946. His support of Birobidzhan as a new homeland for Jewish families consisted of appearing at meetings in support of the relocation of Jews to Birobidzhan as well as advocating for families who truly wished to travel rather than those who were the most fit for the journey.
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as Jewish settlement of these regions was highly resisted by the majority population. The placement of the Jews in Birobidzhan was meant to serve as a buffer to dissuade any Chinese or Japanese expansion. The region was also a link between the Trans Siberian Railroad and the
952:
825:. The organizations were responsible for distribution of land as well as domestic responsibilities, ranging from moving to medical assistance. Many Jewish Canadians then gave their support to the Soviet Union by becoming either members or sympathizers with the
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Logistically and practically, settling Birobidzhan proved to be difficult. Due to inadequate infrastructure and weather conditions of the area, more than half the Jewish settlers who relocated to Birobidzhan after the initial settlement did not remain.
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America came to Birobidzhan because of Bergelson. On his 68th birthday in 1952, Bergelson was among those executed during Stalin's antisemitic campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans" following the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.
2122:Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 99 605».
994:, completed in 2004, is next to a complex housing Sunday School classrooms, a library, a museum, and administrative offices. The buildings were officially opened in 2004 to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of the
1148:
The chief economic activity is light industry, including textile and footwear. The city also has a vehicle repair factory, a furniture factory, a quicklime production factory, and several foodstuff factories.
2603:
Kotlerman, Ber (August 2012). "If there had been no synagogue there, they would have had to invent it: the case of the Birobidzhan "religious community of the Judaic creed" on the threshold of perestroika".
3057:
On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "Town of Birobidzhan" in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Adopted by the Decision No. 242 of the Town Duma on June 30,
1201:) that is typified by very large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and severely cold (and dry) winters. January has never had an above-freezing temperature.
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1097:. Riss is trying to make Birobidzhan a 'safe place for Jews' and has already stated that it is one of the few places he has been where he has not experienced any antisemitism.
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opened in 2004. Rabbi Scheiner says there are 4,000 Jews in Birobidzhan, just over 5 percent of the town's population of 75,000. The Birobidzhan Jewish community was led by
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organizations". In 2007, the Birobidzhan International Summer Program for Yiddish Language and Culture was launched by Yiddish studies professor Boris Kotlerman of
2046:
Economic and Social Measures of the Urban Okrugs and Urban Settlements in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast—the Town of Birobidzhan (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011)
3968:
1903:
1767:
939:
834:
2737:
4071:
3417:
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Srebrnik, Henry Felix (1998). "An idiosyncratic fellow-traveller: Vilhjalmur Stefansson and the American committee for the settlement of Jews in Birobidzhan".
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2719:
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2838:
3978:
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2071:
166:
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2201:
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The Jewish religious community in Birobidzhan was officially registered in 1946. The religious community suffered persecution in the early 1950s.
608:
53:
3208:
138:
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2125:(Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014
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1166:
3842:
1123:
379:
197:
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2142:
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The Russian Empire had the largest Jewish population in the world in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the majority of them were
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3803:
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3333:
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2783:
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1996:
1726:
987:
602:
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Valley, and the Soviet government sought to exploit the natural resources of the area, such as fish, timber, iron, tin, and gold.
109:
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On Amending Several Laws of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast on the Status and the Borders of the Municipal Districts, an Urban Okrug
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become the new center for Soviet Jewish life, which is why Jewish migration to Birobidzhan was strongly pushed during the 1920s.
3167:
How the Back-to-the-Soil Movement Began: Two Years of Blazing the New Jewish "Covered Wagon" Trail Across the Russian Prairies.
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2701:
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2045:
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3998:
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Where the Jews Aren't: The Sad and Absurd Story of Birobidzhan, Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region (Jewish Encounters Series)
3298:'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland (National Public Radio on September 7, 2016)
2227:
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3596:
3480:
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905:
2310:
Ivanov, Alexander (December 2009). "Facing east: the World ORT Union and the Jewish refugee problem in Europe, 1933–38".
3848:
3581:
2826:
FJC | The Guardian | Russia | Revival of a Soviet Zion: Birobidzhan celebrates its Jewish heritage | 27-September-2017
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celebration of 2007, officials of Birobidzhan in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast claimed to have built the world's largest
643:
4003:
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3080:(Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Law #226-OZ of November 26, 2003
3060:. Effective as of after the registration with the state 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
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1053:
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87:
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in the region. His student, actually born in Birobidzhan, Rabbi Eliyahu Riss, has taken over the reins since 2010.
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3201:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland: An Illustrated History, 1928-1996.
239:
3068:(Legislative Assembly of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Law #982-OZ of July 20, 2011
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3808:
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3601:
3539:
1191:
2086:"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"
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99:
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Red Star Over Birobidzhan: Canadian Jewish Communists and the "Jewish Autonomous Region" in the Soviet Union
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1118:
885:
400:
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2498:
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1133:
1121:, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the
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opened in the 1970s. Since the early 1990s, Yiddish and Jewish traditions were required components in all
624:
464:
408:
365:
3973:
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2918:"ESTIMATION OF CLIMATIC RESOURCES FOR SUMMER SPORT RECREATION IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION OF RUSSIA"
1923:
1106:
1038:
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931:
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is the closest major city to Birobidzhan and provides the closest major airport access to it, which is
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On the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "Town of Birobidzhan" in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
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3889:
3591:
3412:
1827:
1751:
3932:
3267:
2026:
1840:
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654:. The Bira, which lies to the east of the Bidzhan Valley, flows through the town. Both rivers are
3705:
3239:
2795:
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2327:
1868:
1080:
1005:
880:
to their original homes. However, Jews were once again targeted in the wake of World War II when
869:
455:
3184:
Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951.
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3210:
Dreams of Nationhood: American Jewish Communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan Project, 1924-1951
3125:
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2412:
2402:
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Dreams of nationhood: American Jewish communists and the Soviet Birobidzhan project, 1924-1951
1992:
1890:
1788:
1025:
3320:
2085:
3899:
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3562:
3221:
3072:. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
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2613:
2585:
2549:
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2319:
1170:
1065:
1013:
564:
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541:
536:
450:
3319:
interview in April 2021 with the Israeli-Berliner writer who wrote a novel on Birobidzhan,
2699:
FJC | News | Far East Community Prepares for 70th Anniversary of Jewish Autonomous Republic
4020:
3710:
3664:
3644:
3271:
3000:"Высшая лига. Календарь игр III группы - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России"
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2212:
2030:
1174:
1069:
983:
912:
796:
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1918:
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works in cooperation with the local religious community. The university is unique in the
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has stated that he intends to "support every valuable initiative maintained by our local
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3639:
3520:
3316:
3121:
2807:
1801:
975:
960:
3088:. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
1020:
culture and not be afraid to return to their Jewish traditions. It's safe without any
951:
4050:
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2331:
1928:
1913:
1783:
1758:, until the 2016–17 season. However, in 2017–18 the team did not play in the league.
1608:
1021:
881:
2753:
2698:
2649:
4027:
3515:
3470:
3113:
1085:
979:
809:
647:
3287:
3140:
2772:
990:, taught not as Jewish exotica but as part of the region's national heritage. The
2617:
2172:
3856:
3685:
3619:
3292:
2443:"'Sad And Absurd': The U.S.S.R.'s Disastrous Effort To Create A Jewish Homeland"
1853:
1773:
1042:
1009:
805:
2880:
2472:
Stalin's Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland
868:
Before the Russian Revolution of 1917, residence of Jews was restricted to the
3690:
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3302:
2589:
2357:
2323:
1150:
857:
3189:
Robert Weinberg, "Purge and Politics in the Periphery: Birobidzhan in 1937,"
2942:
2401:. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House.
2271:
2206:
Permanent Population Estimate as of January 1, 2014 and the 2013 Average
470:
679000, 679002, 679005, 679006, 679011, 679013–679017, 679700, 679801, 679950
212:
199:
3947:
3735:
3510:
3485:
3243:
3082:
On the Status and the Border of the Urban Okrug of the "City of Birobidzhan"
3055:, as amended by the Decision #166 of September 24, 2015
2416:
655:
441:
3070:
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3021:
17:
3730:
3695:
3624:
3225:
3051:(Town Duma. Decision #242 of June 30, 2005
2572:
Weinberg, Robert (1996). "Jewish revival in Birobidzhan in the mirror of
2554:
2537:
1076:
900:
Jews of Birobidzhan in a 1933 "Peoples of the Soviet Union" postage stamp
3084:, as amended by the Law #340-OZ of November 2, 2004
3740:
3715:
3495:
3475:
3194:
3172:
Jeffrey Shandler, "Imagining Yiddishland: Language, Place and Memory,"
3160:
The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival: Volume 1.
1017:
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representative to the region, "Today one can enjoy the benefits of the
852:
848:
651:
639:
446:
67:
3313:‘We never know if we are really accepted, or if we are playing a role'
888:. Nearly all the Yiddish institutions of Birobidzhan were liquidated.
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3490:
2999:
1935:
1932:
1848:
1835:
1814:
1178:
1094:
1057:
1049:
818:
620:
232:
1136:, the town of oblast significance of Birobidzhan is incorporated as
3531:
2975:
2127:
1822:
1809:
1796:
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1002:
950:
895:
795:
486:
3279:
3866:
822:
679:
659:
3760:
3535:
3329:
2862:
2441:
Gessen, Masha; Interviewed by Terry Gross (September 7, 2016).
1904:
Organization for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (IKOR)
573:
2963:
2524:
Soviet Jews in World War II: Fighting, Witnessing, Remembering
978:
was revived in Birobidzhan much earlier than elsewhere in the
436:
Birobidzhan Urban Okrug, Birobidzhansky Municipal District
2881:
Kulanu: Birobidzhan: Soviety-era Jewish homeland struggles on
2754:
Governor Voices Support for Growing Far East Jewish Community
2128:
Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations
1991:. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 47.
1128:—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
591:
27:
Administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
2167:Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (
2066:[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
936:
American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan,
674:
2717:
FJC | News | From Tractors to Torah in Russia's Jewish Land
833:
Soviet Jews as well as Jews from other countries. In 1935,
642:. Birobidzhan is named after the two largest rivers in the
576:
1157:(KHV / UHHH), 198 km from the center of Birobidzhan.
588:
2294:. Canadian Committee on Labour History. pp. 129–147.
1028:
here." Scheiner also hosted the Russian television show,
638:, its population is 75,413, and its official language is
582:
3264:
509:
3176:
vol. 15, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2003), pp. 123–149.
2474:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 72–75.
2023:
938:
which was a supplementary group that was combined with
2492:
2490:
2488:
2063:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
603:
594:
567:
1190:
Birobidzhan experiences a harsh, monsoon-influenced
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570:
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3925:
3880:
3835:
3794:
3678:
3610:
3569:
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3203:
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.
2839:"The Other Jewish Homeland at the End of the World"
2650:
FJC | News | Birobidzhan - New Rabbi, New Synagogue
2200:Jewish Autonomous Oblast Territorial Branch of the
1909:
History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
1173:. The basis of the training course is study of the
955:
A menorah dominating the main square in Birobidzhan
585:
504:
496:
485:
475:
463:
440:
426:
415:
406:
386:
372:
363:
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344:
332:
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258:
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238:
228:
65:
60:
37:
1754:has been playing in the 2nd highest division, the
2670:"Birobidjan: The Story of the First Jewish State"
2060:Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
1117:, it also serves as the administrative center of
4062:Cities and towns in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2943:"World Weather Information Service – Birobidzan"
2538:"The Soviet Partisan Movement and the Holocaust"
2068:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года
1872:, a contemporary opera set in 1930's Birobidzhan
2735:Far East Jewish Community Chairman Passes Away
2147:Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
3969:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
3193:vol. 52, no. 1 (Spring 1993), pp. 13–27.
3109:New York: American Birobidjan Committee, 1946.
2256:. Boston: Academic Studies Press. p. 12.
1768:List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
3772:
3547:
3341:
3075:
3063:
3046:
2899:NCSJ - Profiles: Birobidzhan Jewish Community
2808:Breaking News - JTA, Jewish & Israel News
2120:
1938:and member of Parliament, born in Birobidzhan
966:Yiddish, at that time widely regarded as the
526:
72:
42:
8:
3107:The Jews in the Soviet Union and Birobidjan.
2055:
2053:
1880:, a documentary about modern-day Birobidzhan
1064:. The town's main street is named after the
665:
3169:Philadelphia: United Jewish Campaign, 1925.
2010:
2008:
3979:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3779:
3765:
3757:
3554:
3540:
3532:
3348:
3334:
3326:
3162:New York: New York University Press, 1988.
2397:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007).
2044:Russian Federal State Statistics Service.
1204:
1144:Economy, infrastructure and transportation
664:
454:
34:
3020:(in Russian). Birobidzhan. Archived from
2553:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
886:campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans"
842:Factors behind the Birobidzhan Experiment
812:, and established in 1931. It became the
3014:"Города-побратимы, дружественные города"
2107:
2105:
2103:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
32:Town in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia
4087:1931 establishments in the Soviet Union
2014:Charter of Birobidzhan, Article 16
1953:
1048:Concerning the Jewish community of the
503:
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318:
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297:
265:
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93:
79:
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3303:"Birobidzhan Jewish autonomous region"
2567:
2565:
2522:Estraikh, Gennady & Murav Harriet
2377:"Birobidzhan: Stalin's Forgotten Zion"
2191:Charter of Birobidzhan, Article 1
1045:, until his death in September, 2007.
934:was vice president of Ambijan, or the
307:169.38 km (65.40 sq mi)
181:Birobidzhan (Jewish Autonomous Oblast)
3186:Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2010.
2837:Muchnik, Andrei (November 10, 2017).
2526:Brighton: Academic Studies Press p.90
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2369:
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1167:Sholem Aleichem Amur State University
1115:framework of administrative divisions
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4072:Populated places established in 1931
3788:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
2536:Slepyan, Kenneth (January 1, 2000).
1983:
1981:
1979:
184:Show map of Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4077:Historic Jewish communities in Asia
2497:Pipes, Richard (October 27, 2016).
1101:Administrative and municipal status
904:Among Birobidzhan's proponents was
864:Complications during the Experiment
545:
173:
145:
73:
2088:. Federal State Statistics Service
25:
3984:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3804:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
1727:World Meteorological Organisation
892:Notable supporters of Birobidzhan
3431:
3388:
3249:
2763:Federation of Jewish Communities
2744:Federation of Jewish Communities
2674:Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse
2202:Federal State Statistics Service
2072:Federal State Statistics Service
1847:
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1782:
1024:, and we plan to open the first
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2024:Official website of Birobidzhan
804:Birobidzhan was planned by the
4035:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
3917:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
3280:Birobidzhan Business Directory
3265:Official website of Birobizhan
3207:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (2010).
2542:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
2290:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (1999).
2252:Srebrnik, Henry Felix (2010).
1:
3872:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3597:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
2499:"The Sad Fate of Birobidzhan"
2173:Поиск объектов почтовой связи
1208:Climate data for Birobidzhan
1196:Köppen climate classification
1083:. A November 2017 article in
919:In the Russian language play
906:Dudley Aman, 1st Baron Marley
4097:Korean communities in Russia
3953:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking
3849:Jewish Communist Youth Union
3582:Far Eastern Federal District
2668:Wiseman, Michael C. (2010).
2618:10.1080/13501674.2012.699205
2606:East European Jewish Affairs
2578:East European Jewish Affairs
2350:East European Jewish Affairs
2312:East European Jewish Affairs
1756:Russian Bandy Supreme League
3895:Night of the Murdered Poets
3587:Far Eastern economic region
2655:September 27, 2007, at the
1681:Average precipitation days
1467:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1327:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1124:town of oblast significance
1054:Nikolay Mikhaylovich Volkov
380:town of oblast significance
333: • Estimate
88:Birobidzhan railway station
61:Other transcription(s)
4113:
3910:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2149:(in Russian). June 3, 2011
1989:Энциклопедия Города России
1765:
1762:Twin towns – sister cities
1733:
1724:
1207:
947:Jewish and Yiddish culture
4082:Yiddish culture in Russia
3943:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
3825:Jewish history in the JAO
3809:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
3630:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3602:Eastern Military District
3429:
3386:
3367:
3270:October 24, 2014, at the
3076:
3064:
3047:
2980:(in Russian). rusbandy.ru
2904:January 12, 2008, at the
2590:10.1080/13501679608577817
2470:Weinberg, Robert (1998).
2358:10.1080/13501679808577869
2324:10.1080/13501670903298278
2121:
2029:October 24, 2014, at the
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1212:
1192:humid continental climate
930:Canadian Arctic explorer
827:Communist Party of Canada
784:
692:—
527:
359:450/km (1,200/sq mi)
193:
131:
122:
94:
80:
51:
43:
3814:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3721:Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
3635:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3361:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3357:Administrative divisions
3100:10 Years of Biro-Bidjan.
2976:
2789:August 13, 2011, at the
2503:New York Review of Books
2067:
2062:
996:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
838:Birobidzhan Experiment.
617:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
397:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
245:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
4092:Koryo-saram communities
4004:Jackson–Vanik amendment
2886:August 7, 2007, at the
2868:August 6, 2011, at the
2722:April 11, 2013, at the
2574:Birobidzhanskaya zvezda
2143:"Об исчислении времени"
1155:Khabarovsk Novy Airport
1138:Birobidzhan Urban Okrug
1119:Birobidzhansky District
537:[bʲɪrəbʲɪˈdʐan]
422:Birobidzhan Urban Okrug
401:Birobidzhansky District
315:80 m (260 ft)
4013:Media and publications
3962:International activism
3938:Anti-Zionist Committee
3843:Jewish Communist Party
3463:Urban-type settlements
3293:Song about Birobidzhan
3218:Academic Studies Press
3182:Henry Felix Srebrnik,
2211:March 4, 2016, at the
1877:In Search of Happiness
1177:, history and classic
956:
901:
801:
625:Trans-Siberian Railway
554:[ˌbɪrɔbɪˈdʒan]
3974:Soviet Jewry movement
3905:Rootless cosmopolitan
3370:Administrative center
3288:Photos of Birobidzhan
3102:New York: ICOR, 1938.
2813:June 5, 2008, at the
2793:. By Rebecca Raskin.
2759:May 18, 2011, at the
2740:June 5, 2008, at the
2704:May 18, 2011, at the
2399:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2177:Postal Objects Search
1893:, journalist, teacher
1107:administrative center
1001:According to Israeli
954:
932:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
899:
814:administrative center
799:
666:Historical population
613:administrative centre
366:Administrative status
3890:1931 Menshevik Trial
3592:Far Eastern Republic
3226:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsj1m
3165:James N. Rosenberg,
2977:"Надежда" Биробиджан
1257:Record high °C (°F)
1068:author and humorist
500:Last Saturday of May
356: • Density
3933:Soviet anti-Zionism
3882:Soviet antisemitism
3174:History and Memory,
3145:People of the Tiger
3024:on February 5, 2020
2964:Hcnadezhda.narod.ru
2232:Britannica Academic
1924:Boris "Dov" Kaufman
1537:Record low °C (°F)
1397:Daily mean °C (°F)
1105:Birobidzhan is the
1062:Bar-Ilan University
1012:of Birobidzhan and
785:Source: Census data
667:
629:China–Russia border
209: /
3706:Komsomolsk-on-Amur
2796:The Jerusalem Post
2784:Back to Birobidjan
2555:10.1093/hgs/14.1.1
2130:. Code 99 605
1862:In popular Culture
1134:municipal division
1039:orthodox synagogue
1006:Mordechai Scheiner
992:orthodox synagogue
957:
902:
870:Pale of Settlement
802:
800:Birobidzhan (1950)
325: • Total
304: • Total
286:Aleksandr Golovaty
282: • Mayor
213:48.800°N 132.933°E
156:Show map of Russia
4044:
4043:
3989:Cleveland Council
3754:
3753:
3726:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
3529:
3528:
3199:Robert Weinberg,
2480:978-0-520-20990-9
2263:978-1-936235-11-7
1891:Nataliya Gumenyuk
1738:
1737:
1111:autonomous oblast
1026:Jewish day school
789:
788:
644:autonomous oblast
623:, located on the
520:
519:
345: • Rank
272: • Body
259:Town status since
16:(Redirected from
4104:
4067:Russian Far East
3781:
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3670:Zabaykalsky Krai
3612:Federal subjects
3577:Cities and towns
3563:Russian Far East
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3380:Rural localities
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1171:Russian Far East
1113:and, within the
1066:Yiddish language
1014:Chabad Lubavitch
984:Yiddish theaters
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3711:Blagoveshchensk
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3645:Khabarovsk Krai
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3105:Henry Frankel,
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3093:Further reading
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1175:Hebrew language
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1070:Sholem Aleichem
949:
913:David Bergelson
911:Yiddish writer
894:
866:
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604:BIRR-ə-bih-JAHN
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477:Dialing code(s)
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3679:Largest cities
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3655:Primorsky Krai
3652:
3650:Magadan Oblast
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3640:Kamchatka Krai
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3317:Mati Shemoelof
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3259:External links
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3256:
3255:
3234:
3204:
3197:
3191:Slavic Review,
3187:
3180:
3170:
3163:
3156:
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3131:978-0805242461
3130:
3122:Schocken Books
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2318:(3): 369–388.
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2184:
2160:
2134:
2113:
2099:
2077:
2070:(in Russian).
2049:
2037:
2016:
2004:
1997:
1975:
1952:
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1885:Notable people
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1187:
1184:
1162:
1159:
1145:
1142:
1126:of Birobidzhan
1102:
1099:
988:public schools
976:Jewish culture
961:Ashkenazi Jews
948:
945:
893:
890:
884:embarked on a
865:
862:
843:
840:
793:
790:
787:
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682:
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557:), also spelt
525:(Russian:
518:
517:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
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483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
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465:Postal code(s)
461:
460:
444:
438:
437:
434:
424:
423:
420:
413:
412:
407:
404:
403:
394:
384:
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382:of Birobidzhan
377:
370:
369:
364:
361:
360:
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353:
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346:
342:
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334:
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191:
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107:
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26:
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14:
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6:
4:
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2:
4109:
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3900:Doctors' plot
3898:
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3836:Organizations
3834:
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3235:9781618116871
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3119:
3115:
3114:Gessen, Masha
3111:
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3101:
3097:
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2500:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
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2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2456:September 10,
2451:
2444:
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2423:
2418:
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2408:9780028659282
2404:
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2282:
2278:
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2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
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2233:
2229:
2228:"Birobidzhan"
2223:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2170:
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2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:5-7107-7399-9
1994:
1990:
1984:
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1980:
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1970:
1968:
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1954:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:Yoel Razvozov
1927:
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1915:
1914:New Jerusalem
1912:
1910:
1907:
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1789:Beaverton, OR
1785:
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1609:precipitation
1605:
1599:
1594:
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1424:
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1399:
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1389:
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1379:
1374:
1369:
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1325:
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1309:
1304:
1299:
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1255:
1211:
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1200:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1022:anti-Semitism
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:, the former
1007:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
969:
968:lingua franca
964:
962:
953:
946:
944:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
921:Novaia rodina
917:
914:
909:
907:
898:
891:
889:
887:
883:
882:Joseph Stalin
877:
873:
871:
863:
861:
859:
854:
850:
841:
839:
836:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
807:
798:
791:
783:
779:
776:
773:
772:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
678:
673:
670:
669:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
599:
560:
555:
546:ביראָבידזשאַן
543:
538:
524:
515:
507:
499:
497:Town Day
491:
488:
484:
481:+7 42622
480:
478:
468:
466:
457:
452:
448:
445:
443:
435:
431:
427: •
421:
416: •
410:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387: •
381:
378:
373: •
367:
358:
350:
347:
335:
327:
314:
306:
292:
287:
284:
277:
274:
261:
253:
246:
243:
241:
234:
231:
222:
194:Coordinates:
168:
140:
111:
101:
89:
84:
71:
69:
66: •
55:
50:
36:
30:
19:
4033:
4028:Jews on Land
4026:
4019:
3819:
3745:
3516:Teploozyorsk
3447:
3423:Smidovichsky
3374:
3373:
3306:
3283:(in Russian)
3275:(in Russian)
3244:j.ctt1zxsj1m
3209:
3200:
3190:
3183:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3158:Nora Levin,
3148:. Retrieved
3144:
3117:
3106:
3099:
3098:S. Almazov,
3085:
3081:
3069:
3056:
3052:
3026:. Retrieved
3022:the original
3017:
3008:
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2970:
2959:
2949:December 31,
2947:. Retrieved
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2922:ResearchGate
2921:
2912:
2894:
2876:
2858:
2848:February 21,
2846:. Retrieved
2842:
2832:
2821:
2803:
2794:
2779:
2768:
2749:
2730:
2712:
2694:
2684:September 8,
2682:. Retrieved
2677:
2673:
2663:
2645:
2634:
2612:(2): 87–97.
2609:
2605:
2598:
2581:
2577:
2576:, 1946–49".
2573:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:
2471:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2449:
2398:
2392:
2382:February 17,
2380:. Retrieved
2349:
2315:
2311:
2291:
2253:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2216:(in Russian)
2196:
2187:
2181:(in Russian)
2176:
2169:Russian Post
2168:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2146:
2137:
2126:
2116:
2090:. Retrieved
2080:
2040:
2034:(in Russian)
2019:
1988:
1919:Beit T'shuva
1875:
1867:
1771:
1745:
1611:mm (inches)
1198:
1189:
1164:
1147:
1137:
1122:
1104:
1091:
1086:The Guardian
1084:
1074:
1047:
1036:
1029:
1000:
980:Soviet Union
973:
967:
965:
958:
935:
929:
925:New Homeland
924:
920:
918:
910:
903:
878:
874:
867:
845:
831:
810:Hannes Meyer
803:
633:
558:
522:
521:
114:Coat of arms
74:ביראָבידזשאן
29:
4057:Birobidzhan
3857:Yevsektsiya
3820:Birobidzhan
3746:Birobidzhan
3686:Vladivostok
3620:Amur Oblast
3501:Nikolayevka
3448:Birobidzhan
3413:Obluchensky
3375:Birobidzhan
3150:January 17,
3139:Bell, Tom.
3028:February 5,
2927:February 4,
2548:(1): 1–27.
2508:October 17,
2446:(Interview)
2237:January 31,
2153:January 19,
2111:Law #226-OZ
2092:January 23,
1973:Law #982-OZ
1869:Soviet Zion
1854:Nof HaGalil
1734:Source 2:
1052:, Governor
1043:Lev Toitman
1031:Yiddishkeit
1010:Chief Rabbi
656:tributaries
636:2010 Census
627:, near the
523:Birobidzhan
492:99701000001
418:Urban okrug
289: [
216: /
153:Location of
125:Location of
39:Birobidzhan
4051:Categories
3691:Khabarovsk
3506:Priamursky
3481:Izvestkovy
3418:Oktyabrsky
3216:. Boston:
2773:2all.co.il
1943:References
1766:See also:
1725:Source 1:
1151:Khabarovsk
858:Amur River
808:architect
634:As of the
528:Биробиджан
320:Population
267:Government
44:Биробиджан
18:Birobidjan
3948:Refusenik
3736:Ussuriysk
3511:Smidovich
3486:Khingansk
3396:Districts
3018:biradm.ru
2626:159829874
2584:: 35–53.
2450:Fresh Air
2332:144107382
2272:769190216
1161:Education
1130:districts
559:Birobijan
442:Time zone
312:Elevation
276:Town Duma
3731:Nakhodka
3696:Ulan-Ude
3625:Buryatia
3453:Obluchye
3408:Leninsky
3268:Archived
3195:In JSTOR
3178:In JSTOR
3141:"Exodus"
3116:(2016).
2984:July 20,
2902:Archived
2884:Archived
2866:Archived
2863:Religion
2811:Archived
2787:Archived
2757:Archived
2738:Archived
2720:Archived
2702:Archived
2653:Archived
2417:70174939
2209:Archived
2027:Archived
1898:See also
1856:, Israel
1843:, Israel
1752:Nadezhda
1607:Average
1602:(−46.7)
1597:(−36.2)
1592:(−28.5)
1552:(−29.4)
1547:(−39.8)
1542:(−46.7)
1527:(−15.9)
1477:(−15.5)
1472:(−17.3)
1322:(103.8)
1292:(103.8)
1077:Chanukah
1075:For the
703:+3467.7%
650:and the
611:and the
607:), is a
336:73,623 (
204:132°56′E
3926:Zionism
3796:History
3741:Magadan
3716:Yakutsk
3496:Londoko
3476:Birakan
3359:of the
3321:Plus61J
3309:, 2009)
3041:Sources
2843:Haaretz
2639:Jta.org
1933:Israeli
1830:, China
1817:, China
1804:, Japan
1802:Niigata
1774:twinned
1676:(26.9)
1587:(−3.6)
1582:(25.0)
1577:(38.7)
1572:(42.6)
1567:(34.7)
1562:(25.0)
1557:(−3.5)
1532:(25.5)
1517:(29.7)
1512:(42.6)
1507:(56.1)
1502:(59.2)
1497:(54.5)
1492:(41.0)
1487:(25.9)
1462:(35.4)
1457:(−1.8)
1452:(15.4)
1447:(39.0)
1442:(55.0)
1437:(66.6)
1432:(70.0)
1427:(66.0)
1422:(55.4)
1417:(41.7)
1412:(20.5)
1402:(−8.0)
1392:(44.6)
1382:(24.6)
1377:(47.3)
1372:(64.6)
1367:(75.7)
1362:(80.2)
1357:(76.1)
1352:(64.8)
1347:(49.1)
1342:(32.4)
1337:(12.4)
1317:(41.4)
1312:(61.0)
1307:(80.4)
1302:(90.9)
1297:(98.2)
1287:(98.8)
1282:(92.7)
1277:(85.6)
1272:(65.1)
1267:(42.6)
1262:(31.3)
1186:Climate
1132:. As a
1109:of the
1081:menorah
1018:Yiddish
853:Belarus
849:Ukraine
835:Ambijan
792:History
658:of the
652:Bidzhan
640:Yiddish
615:of the
542:Yiddish
512:.biradm
505:Website
430:Capital
390:Capital
351:in 2010
251:Founded
229:Country
201:48°48′N
68:Yiddish
3862:Komzet
3851:(EKSM)
3845:(EKP)
3816:(JAO)
3570:Topics
3491:Kuldur
3242:
3232:
3128:
2680:(4): 1
2624:
2478:
2452:. WHYY
2415:
2405:
2330:
2270:
2260:
1995:
1936:judoka
1828:Yichun
1815:Hegang
1776:with:
1742:Sports
1729:(UN)
1671:(0.4)
1666:(0.7)
1661:(1.4)
1656:(3.5)
1651:(6.1)
1646:(5.8)
1641:(4.3)
1636:(2.4)
1631:(1.4)
1626:(0.5)
1621:(0.2)
1616:(0.2)
1522:(1.6)
1482:(2.3)
1407:(2.3)
1387:(6.4)
1332:(3.9)
1213:Month
1179:Jewish
1095:mikveh
1058:Jewish
1050:oblast
819:KOMZET
777:68,536
766:75,413
755:77,250
747:+21.9%
744:83,667
736:+23.2%
733:68,630
725:+37.0%
722:55,724
714:+37.2%
711:40,667
700:29,648
646:: the
621:Russia
453:
447:UTC+10
399:,
328:75,413
233:Russia
3994:Nativ
3701:Chita
3660:Sakha
3441:Towns
3240:JSTOR
3214:(PDF)
2622:S2CID
2328:S2CID
1948:Notes
1931:, an
1750:club
1748:bandy
1600:−43.7
1595:−37.9
1590:−33.6
1585:−19.8
1555:−19.7
1550:−34.1
1545:−39.9
1540:−43.7
1525:−26.6
1520:−16.9
1480:−16.5
1475:−26.4
1470:−27.4
1455:−18.8
1405:−16.5
1400:−22.2
1385:−14.2
1335:−10.9
1330:−15.6
1252:Year
1003:Rabbi
806:Swiss
780:−9.1%
769:−2.4%
758:−7.7%
487:OKTMO
451:MSK+7
349:215th
338:−2.4%
293:]
3867:OZET
3471:Bira
3230:ISBN
3152:2024
3126:ISBN
3058:2005
3030:2020
2986:2015
2951:2010
2929:2019
2850:2012
2686:2016
2510:2016
2476:ISBN
2458:2016
2413:OCLC
2403:ISBN
2384:2019
2268:OCLC
2258:ISBN
2239:2019
2155:2019
2132:. ).
2094:2019
1993:ISBN
1746:The
1580:−3.9
1560:−3.9
1530:−3.6
1515:−1.3
1505:13.4
1500:15.1
1495:12.5
1485:−3.4
1450:−9.2
1440:12.8
1435:19.2
1430:21.1
1425:18.9
1420:13.0
1410:−6.4
1380:−4.1
1370:18.1
1365:24.3
1360:26.8
1355:24.5
1350:18.2
1320:39.9
1310:16.1
1305:26.9
1300:32.7
1295:36.8
1290:39.9
1285:37.1
1280:33.7
1275:29.8
1270:18.4
1260:−0.4
1249:Dec
1246:Nov
1243:Oct
1240:Sep
1237:Aug
1234:Jul
1231:Jun
1228:May
1225:Apr
1222:Mar
1219:Feb
1216:Jan
1165:The
1037:The
940:ICOR
823:OZET
821:and
774:2021
763:2010
752:2002
741:1989
730:1979
719:1970
708:1959
697:1939
686:1926
675:Pop.
671:Year
660:Amur
648:Bira
609:town
550:IPA:
533:IPA:
299:Area
262:1937
254:1931
104:Flag
54:Town
3222:doi
2614:doi
2586:doi
2550:doi
2354:doi
2320:doi
2171:).
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1708:10
1705:13
1702:13
1699:12
1696:10
1674:682
1649:154
1644:147
1639:108
1575:3.7
1570:5.9
1565:1.5
1510:5.9
1490:5.0
1460:1.9
1445:3.9
1415:5.4
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