536:
544:
305:
57:
223:
271:
44:
341:
324:
535:
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1475:
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and eventually death, being one of the most common fungi visible on dead birches. It is likely that the birch bracket fungus becomes established in small wounds and broken branches and may lie dormant for years, compartmentalised into a small area by the tree's own defence mechanisms, until something
613:
In most infections there is only one fungal individual present, but occasionally several individuals may be isolated from a single tree, and in these cases it is possible that the birch bracket fungus entered after something else killed the tree. These fungal "individuals" can sometimes be seen if a
629:
The fungus can harbor a large number of species of insects that depend on it for food and as breeding sites. In a large-scale study of over 2600 fruit bodies collected in eastern Canada, 257 species of arthropods, including 172 insects and 59 mites, were found. The fungus is eaten by the
2027:
512:
with an individual that possesses a different mating-type factor. There are at least 33 different mating-type factors within the
British population of this fungus. These factors are all variants or
1923:
1768:
1616:
853:
Ortiz-Santana, B.; Lindner, D.L.; Miettinen, O.; Justo, A.; Hibbett, D.S. (2013). "A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)".
1871:
1667:
403:
168:
1910:
1742:
1564:
222:
1355:
1303:
1276:
1249:
1161:
1133:
1053:
976:
949:
1328:
896:
Han, M.L.; Chen, Y.Y.; Shen, L.L.; Song, J.; Vlasak, J.; Dai, Y.C.; Cui, B.K. (2016). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot Fungi:
993:
598:. There is some doubt about the ability of isolates from the European continent, North America and the British Isles to interbreed.
1992:
2012:
474:) are pale, with a smooth greyish-brown top surface, while the creamy white underside has hundreds of pores that contain the
1180:
Pleszczyńska, Małgorzata; Lemieszek, Marta K.; Siwulski, Marek; Wiater, Adrian; Rzeski, Wojciech; Szczodrak, Janusz (2017).
1794:
543:
56:
1621:
478:. The fruit body has a rubbery texture, becoming corky with age. Wood decayed by the fungus, and cultures of its
1830:
2022:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1529:
733:
for finishing the edges on razors, and as a mounting material for insect collections. It has also been used as
623:
2032:
2017:
1479:
2002:
1491:
610:
occurs to weaken the tree. Fire, drought and suppression by other trees are common causes of such stress.
421:
1373:"Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of
645:
643:. Old fruit bodies that have survived the winter are often colonized by the white to pale yellow fungus
151:
614:
slice of brown-rotted birch wood is incubated in a plastic bag for several days. This allows the white
594:
1951:
1902:
1809:
1734:
1703:
1631:
1556:
661:
639:
1075:
563:
399:
1608:
1458:
917:
878:
835:
177:
51:
1835:
1295:
Tineidae I: (Dryadaulinae, Hapsiferinae, Euplocaminae, Scardiinae, Nemapogoninae and
Meessiinae)
706:
1928:
1773:
1959:
1884:
1690:
1538:
1450:
1406:
1351:
1345:
1324:
1299:
1272:
1266:
1245:
1219:
1157:
1129:
1049:
1043:
972:
945:
870:
827:
751:
606:
588:
555:
262:
1964:
1293:
966:
2037:
1440:
1396:
1388:
1209:
1201:
1091:
909:
862:
819:
582:
567:
295:
1817:
787:
Karsten, P.A. (1881). "Enumeratio
Hydnearum Fr. Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum".
517:
501:
118:
997:
43:
1897:
1729:
1551:
1401:
1372:
1214:
1181:
714:
665:
576:
449:
442:
417:
379:
98:
1445:
1428:
1111:
Population studies on
Piptoporus betulinus with special reference to the mating system
1095:
1981:
1876:
1672:
968:
The
Dictionary of Science for Gardeners: 6000 Scientific Terms Explored and Explained
839:
677:
673:
521:
88:
1462:
921:
1695:
1543:
882:
823:
669:
1889:
1371:
Sułkowska-Ziaja K, Szewczyk A, Galanty A, Gdula-Argasińska J, Muszyńska B (2018).
618:
of the fungus to grow out of the surface of the wood. If more than one individual
1862:
1514:
1799:
1755:
1603:
1577:
1523:
695:
635:
631:
471:
459:
387:
311:
108:
1323:. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 31. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. pp. 346–347.
1392:
1205:
913:
738:
689:
602:
505:
491:
426:
412:
128:
17:
1658:
462:
for the fungus include birch bracket, birch polypore, and razorstrop fungus.
1716:
487:
331:
68:
1410:
1347:
Biosystems
Engineering: Biofactories for Food Production in the Century XXI
1223:
874:
831:
806:
Kim, K.M.; Yoon, Y.-G.; Jung, H.S. (2005). "Evaluation of the monophyly of
1474:
1454:
1298:. Microlepidoptera of Europe. Vol. 7. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 37–38.
1936:
1856:
1822:
1781:
1682:
1652:
1590:
1508:
718:
699:
619:
615:
509:
479:
276:
247:
228:
199:
1915:
1747:
1569:
1190:): the Iceman's polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential"
1582:
729:
The velvety cut surface of the fruit body was traditionally used as a
1941:
1786:
1760:
1595:
734:
698:
found in the fruit body of the fungus, is poisonous to the parasitic
685:
681:
513:
454:
78:
1485:
1429:"5300 years ago, the Ice Man used natural laxatives and antibiotics"
1721:
866:
386:
trees. The brackets burst out from the bark of the tree, and these
1268:
Fungus-Insect
Relationships: Perspectives in Ecology and Evolution
1023:
944:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 381.
730:
710:
626:
form as the two individual mycelia interact and repel each other.
571:
542:
534:
483:
475:
383:
1708:
1489:
1244:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 406.
424:
studies suggested that the species was more closely related to
539:
Variations in size, shape, and surface colour of birch bracket
1126:
Mycogenetics: Introduction to the
General Genetics of Fungi
717:, with speculation that the fungus may have been used as a
1344:
Guevara-Gonzalez, Ramon; Torres-Pacheco, Irineo (2014).
942:
Mushrooms of West
Virginia and the Central Appalachians
508:
or germinating spores can only mate and form a fertile
382:
and, as the name suggests, grows almost exclusively on
1350:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 154.
2028:
Taxa named by Jean
Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
1175:
1173:
1846:
1642:
1498:
338:
321:
301:
286:
268:
253:
235:
216:
1074:Adams, T.J.H.; Todd, N.K.; Rayner, A.D.M. (1981).
1235:
1233:
1194:World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
1084:Transactions of the British Mycological Society
1422:
1420:
664:, and has been extensively researched for its
482:, often smell distinctly of green apples. The
1069:
1067:
1065:
1048:. University of Michigan Press. p. 141.
996:. British Mycological Society. Archived from
8:
1265:Quentin Wheeler; Meredith Blackwell (1984).
935:
933:
931:
776:(in French). Vol. 7. p. plate 312.
1156:. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 313.
1147:
1145:
1017:
1015:
1486:
1271:. Columbia University Press. p. 147.
1154:Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America
42:
31:
1444:
1400:
1213:
755:another fungus carried by Ötzi the Iceman
570:, Europe, and Asia. It is only found on
490:in shape, and measure 3–6 by 1.5–2
1240:Roberts, Peter; Evans, Shelley (2011).
764:
171:) B.K.Cui, M.L.Han & Y.C.Dai (2016)
213:
1113:. (PhD thesis): Lancaster University.
554:is one of the most common species of
434:, and the fungus was reclassified to
7:
1952:e9f98e7d-0008-4f89-a029-7311aa5541bc
1810:c456a2a9-5260-46e5-8f8d-9c534141cc29
1632:7c99b145-9d5c-475f-8743-0789d6b6ad45
1028:: Some aspects of population biology
605:on weakened birches, and will cause
516:of a single gene, as opposed to the
810:using parsimony and MCMC methods".
547:Three young fungi on a birch trunk.
524:species, which involves two genes.
1042:Michael Kuo; Andy Methven (2010).
1031:. (PhD thesis): Exeter University.
410:. It was transferred to the genus
25:
1319:Ryvarden, Leif; Melo, I. (2014).
1076:"Antagonism between dikaryons of
653:Research on chemical constituents
558:. The geographic distribution of
1473:
562:appears to be restricted to the
339:
322:
303:
287:
269:
254:
236:
221:
55:
390:can last for more than a year.
824:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832773
1:
1446:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79939-6
1096:10.1016/s0007-1536(81)80085-x
705:. The fungus was carried by "
971:. Timber Press. p. 76.
789:Revue Mycologique, Toulouse
527:It is considered inedible.
448:refers to the genus of the
229:Mycological characteristics
2054:
1292:Gaedike, Reinhard (2015).
992:Holden, Liz (March 2016).
940:Roody, William C. (2003).
398:The fungus was originally
1393:10.1007/s11033-018-4420-4
1206:10.1007/s11274-017-2247-0
994:"English names for fungi"
914:10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y
900:and its related genera".
366:), commonly known as the
183:
176:
157:
150:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1152:Phillips, Roger (2010).
965:Allaby, Michael (2015).
660:has been widely used in
624:intraspecific antagonism
518:tetrapolar mating system
1993:Fungi described in 1788
772:Bulliard, Jean (1787).
709:" – the 5,300 year old
2013:Fungi of North America
1321:Poroid Fungi of Europe
1128:. Wiley. p. 390.
548:
540:
422:Molecular phylogenetic
1124:Burnett, J H (1975).
1022:Adams, T J H (1982).
662:traditional medicines
622:is present, lines of
601:It is a necrotrophic
546:
538:
502:bipolar mating system
27:Common bracket fungus
1644:Piptoporus betulinus
1530:Piptoporus betulinus
1482:at Wikimedia Commons
1480:Piptoporus betulinus
1427:Capasso, L. (1998).
1188:Piptoporus betulinus
1078:Piptoporus betulinus
1026:Piptoporus betulinus
774:Herbier de la France
640:Nemaxera betulinella
363:Piptoporus betulinus
195:Piptoporus betulinus
1500:Fomitopsis betulina
1375:Fomitopsis betulina
1184:Fomitopsis betulina
721:to expel whipworm.
703:Trichuris trichiura
658:Fomitopsis betulina
564:Northern Hemisphere
552:Fomitopsis betulina
498:Fomitopsis betulina
486:are cylindrical to
357:Fomitopsis betulina
218:Fomitopsis betulina
161:Fomitopsis betulina
36:Fomitopsis betulina
1045:100 Cool Mushrooms
1000:on 6 February 2018
646:Hypocrea pulmonata
589:B. papyrifera
549:
541:
470:The fruit bodies (
1975:
1974:
1960:Open Tree of Life
1848:Boletus betulinus
1492:Taxon identifiers
1478:Media related to
1357:978-3-319-03880-3
1305:978-90-04-28916-1
1278:978-0-231-05695-3
1251:978-0-226-72117-0
1242:The Book of Fungi
1163:978-1-55407-651-2
1135:978-0-471-12445-0
1055:978-0-472-03417-8
978:978-1-60469-715-5
951:978-0-8131-9039-6
752:Fomes fomentarius
583:B. pubescens
574:trees, including
531:Range and ecology
408:Boletus betulinus
353:
352:
211:Species of fungus
209:
208:
203:
191:
187:Boletus betulinus
16:(Redirected from
2045:
1968:
1967:
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1932:
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1800:NHMSYS0001493814
1790:
1789:
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1517:
1487:
1477:
1467:
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1448:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1387:(6): 2535–2544.
1368:
1362:
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1335:
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1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1283:
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1227:
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1177:
1168:
1167:
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1115:
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1109:Cant, D (1980).
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1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
989:
983:
982:
962:
956:
955:
937:
926:
925:
902:Fungal Diversity
893:
887:
886:
861:(6): 1391–1411.
850:
844:
843:
803:
797:
796:
784:
778:
777:
769:
568:Northern America
560:F. betulina
443:specific epithet
343:
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306:
291:
290:
273:
272:
258:
257:
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143:F. betulina
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2047:
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2042:
2023:Parasitic fungi
2008:Fungi of Europe
1998:Medicinal fungi
1988:Fomitopsidaceae
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1818:Observation.org
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852:
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847:
805:
804:
800:
786:
785:
781:
771:
770:
766:
762:
747:
727:
707:Ötzi the Iceman
670:pharmacological
655:
595:B. obscura
556:brown rot fungi
533:
468:
396:
340:
323:
308:
304:
288:
270:
255:
237:
231:
226:
212:
172:
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159:
146:
119:Fomitopsidaceae
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2040:
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2033:Fungus species
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2025:
2020:
2018:Inedible fungi
2015:
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1502:
1496:
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1469:
1468:
1439:(9143): 1864.
1416:
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1356:
1336:
1330:978-8290724462
1329:
1311:
1304:
1284:
1277:
1257:
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1169:
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1134:
1116:
1101:
1090:(3): 510–513.
1061:
1054:
1034:
1011:
984:
977:
957:
950:
927:
908:(1): 343–373.
888:
867:10.3852/13-051
845:
818:(4): 812–822.
798:
779:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
746:
743:
726:
723:
678:phenolic acids
674:Phytochemicals
666:phytochemistry
654:
651:
577:Betula pendula
532:
529:
520:of some other
467:
464:
418:Petter Karsten
395:
392:
380:bracket fungus
378:, is a common
368:birch polypore
351:
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99:Agaricomycetes
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61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Birch polypore
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2039:
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2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:Fungi of Asia
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1430:
1423:
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1403:
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837:
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579:
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573:
569:
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561:
557:
553:
545:
537:
530:
528:
525:
523:
522:basidiomycete
519:
515:
511:
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499:
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493:
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485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
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414:
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404:Jean Bulliard
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:birch bracket
369:
365:
364:
359:
358:
349:
346:Edibility is
345:
337:
334:
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328:
320:
317:
313:
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297:
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196:
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188:
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152:Binomial name
149:
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139:
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132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
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100:
97:
94:
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89:Basidiomycota
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1847:
1643:
1499:
1436:
1432:
1384:
1381:Mol Biol Rep
1380:
1374:
1366:
1346:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1294:
1287:
1267:
1260:
1241:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1153:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1044:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
987:
967:
960:
941:
905:
901:
897:
891:
858:
854:
848:
815:
811:
807:
801:
792:
791:(in Latin).
788:
782:
773:
767:
750:
728:
702:
694:
657:
656:
644:
638:
632:caterpillars
628:
612:
600:
593:
587:
581:
575:
566:, including
559:
551:
550:
526:
497:
496:
472:basidiocarps
469:
460:Common names
453:
445:
440:
435:
431:
425:
411:
407:
397:
388:fruit bodies
375:
371:
367:
362:
361:
360:(previously
356:
355:
354:
347:
330:
315:
280:
261:No distinct
243:
217:
194:
190:Bull. (1788)
186:
160:
158:
142:
141:
129:
35:
29:
1756:iNaturalist
1604:NatureServe
1578:iNaturalist
1524:Wikispecies
696:Agaric acid
690:triterpenes
684:compounds,
636:fungus moth
506:monokaryons
488:ellipsoidal
466:Description
406:in 1788 as
376:razor strop
329:Ecology is
312:Spore print
109:Polyporales
1982:Categories
1186:(formerly
1004:4 February
898:Fomitopsis
808:Fomitopsis
760:References
739:anesthetic
672:activity.
436:Fomitopsis
432:Piptoporus
427:Fomitopsis
413:Piptoporus
130:Fomitopsis
85:Division:
1863:Q54363204
1515:Q96894257
1200:(5): 83.
855:Mycologia
840:203881210
713:found in
607:brown rot
438:in 2016.
420:in 1881.
400:described
332:parasitic
281:decurrent
137:Species:
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
1937:MycoBank
1929:10505154
1898:Fungorum
1877:60027982
1872:AusFungi
1857:Wikidata
1782:MycoBank
1774:11044504
1730:Fungorum
1680:BioLib:
1673:60027981
1668:AusFungi
1653:Wikidata
1609:2.124134
1591:MycoBank
1552:Fungorum
1509:Wikidata
1463:40027370
1411:30317427
1224:28378220
922:34923876
875:23935025
832:16457351
812:Mycology
795:(9): 17.
745:See also
719:laxative
700:whipworm
676:include
620:dikaryon
616:mycelium
603:parasite
510:dikaryon
480:mycelium
446:betulina
430:than to
394:Taxonomy
348:inedible
294:Lacks a
277:Hymenium
248:hymenium
200:P.Karst.
198:(Bull.)
178:Synonyms
115:Family:
65:Domain:
1965:5685862
1916:5245503
1748:2543322
1659:Q865591
1570:9819973
1455:9851424
1402:6267243
1215:5380686
883:6647648
686:sterols
634:of the
514:alleles
452:plant (
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
1949:NZOR:
1942:210846
1903:210846
1831:Steere
1807:NZOR:
1787:100963
1735:100963
1722:PIPTBE
1709:151225
1629:NZOR:
1596:812646
1583:775410
1557:812646
1461:
1453:
1433:Lancet
1409:
1399:
1354:
1327:
1302:
1275:
1248:
1222:
1212:
1160:
1132:
1052:
975:
948:
920:
881:
873:
838:
830:
735:tinder
688:, and
682:indole
592:, and
504:where
500:has a
484:spores
476:spores
455:Betula
202:(1881)
1924:IRMNG
1836:44550
1823:15742
1769:IRMNG
1761:83490
1696:4J7C2
1683:59947
1622:40450
1544:6JCB8
1459:S2CID
918:S2CID
879:S2CID
836:S2CID
731:strop
715:Tyrol
711:mummy
572:birch
384:birch
374:, or
316:white
296:stipe
244:Pores
169:Bull.
79:Fungi
2038:Ötzi
1911:GBIF
1890:MCBP
1743:GBIF
1717:EPPO
1617:NCBI
1565:GBIF
1451:PMID
1407:PMID
1352:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1246:ISBN
1220:PMID
1158:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1006:2018
973:ISBN
946:ISBN
871:PMID
828:PMID
737:and
725:Uses
668:and
450:host
441:The
1885:CoL
1795:NBN
1704:EoL
1691:CoL
1539:CoL
1441:doi
1437:352
1397:PMC
1389:doi
1210:PMC
1202:doi
1092:doi
910:doi
863:doi
859:105
820:doi
458:).
416:by
402:by
314:is
279:is
263:cap
246:on
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1939::
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1900::
1887::
1874::
1859::
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1670::
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1593::
1580::
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1457:.
1449:.
1435:.
1431:.
1419:^
1405:.
1395:.
1385:45
1383:.
1379:.
1232:^
1218:.
1208:.
1198:33
1196:.
1192:.
1172:^
1144:^
1088:76
1086:.
1082:.
1064:^
1014:^
930:^
916:.
906:80
904:.
877:.
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816:97
814:.
741:.
692:.
680:,
649:.
586:,
580:,
494:.
492:μm
370:,
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1333:.
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1166:.
1138:.
1098:.
1094::
1080:"
1058:.
1008:.
981:.
954:.
924:.
912::
885:.
865::
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167:(
20:)
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