614:
484:
622:
496:
473:
596:", offering a defense to the lands around Mälaren from invading enemies in the process; and to create a commercial bridgehead to attract German merchants. While Birger's direct involvement in the foundation of the city remains speculative, it probably was no accident it was founded on the location at this time, as there were alternative passages into Mälaren during the preceding
1380:
1353:
515:
to interpret this as a manifestation of his pious side). This was a choice of historical importance as it was to make Birger a jarl powerful enough to ultimately wind up the office, thus making him the last
Swedish jarl ever, even called as the "first true king of Sweden" by historians. As this happened during an era when the inherited concept
463:
tells that the
Swedish "king" was wounded in the face while dueling against Prince Alexander Nevsky. Although Birger Jarl saw many battles, some have speculated that traces of a sword blow in Birger's cranium might have originated from this battle. However, the original 14th-century Russian record of
514:
visited present Sweden around 1248, he urged the
Swedish kings to fulfill the rules of the Catholic Church, an exhortation which Birger seems to have taken as a chance to strengthen his position by simply taking the side of the church against other members of his family (alternatively it's possible
591:
interpreted as the foundation of the city or at least some sort of special interest in the location. Neither of the letters give a description of the location, however, and while archaeological traces of older defensive structures have been found there, what did exist on the premises before the
54:
429:). This combination of family ties and strategic marriage would prove vital in his ascent to power. During the following 15 years, Birger consolidated his position and was probably one of the most influential men years before being formally given the title
360:. The exact date of his birth is uncertain and historical sources are contradictory, but examinations of his remains suggest he was around 50 years old at his death in 1266, which would indicate a birth year around 1216. However, since his father,
600:; as Crusades, a kind of Viking raids in a Christian disguise, had proven increasingly unsuccessful; and as taking control over the location, traditionally where men supposedly gathered before the
1012:
Upon examination of his bones in 2002, it was determined that Birger would have been just around 50 at the time of his death, about 10 years younger than previously believed. See Kari, Risto.
678:. It was originally intended that his remains be removed there, but this was never done. Several other historical structures there are also named for him including the street
519:
became more of a political party, it also meant
Swedish magnates lost most of their influence which paved the way for a consolidated Swedish kingdom supported by the Pope.
592:
mid-13th century remains debated. It has been suggested Birger chose the location for several reasons: Partly to curb domestic magnates by isolating them with a "lock of
1425:
1119:
459:
613:
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1206:
1336:
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The marriage was contracted relatively near the time when
Ingeborg's brother, the once-deposed Erik Eriksson, returned from exile in Denmark in 1234.
1297:
1062:
997:
958:
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the battle gives no information on this at all, and the first sources that link Birger Jarl to the Neva campaign date from mid-15th century.
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538:. The Folkungs lost the battle and were unable to resist the central government and its taxes. Holmger Knutsson fled to
1232:
1227:
554:
1435:
610:. Birger thus combined financial support from Germany with papal political support to consolidate his own position.
1370:
314:
1415:
1312:
606:, meant old offensive military traditions could be replaced by more "modern" commercial efforts directed towards
621:
747:
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442:
217:
104:
402:—were born well before 1200, suggesting they likely had a different mother. Birger was named after his uncle
793:
757:
577:
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was elected as the new king while Birger acted as regent, holding the true power in Sweden until his death.
523:
302:
1450:
1445:
786:
782:
694:. The Hotel Birger Jarl is located in Stockholm's Norrmalm neighborhood. He is also the central figure of
663:
566:
488:
310:
546:
734:
667:
635:
569:, which permanently established the Swedish rule in Finland. On King Erik's death in 1250, Birger's son
550:
212:
1363:
582:
545:
In 1249, Birger succeeded in ending a decades-long period of hostilities with Norway. As a part of the
361:
257:
1405:
1400:
364:, is believed to have died no later than 1210, Birger's birth may have occurred a few years earlier.
457:. While Swedish sources give no information on the battle at all, a 16th-century Russian manuscript
675:
558:
542:
and was captured there by Birger in the following year. Quickly brought to trial, he was beheaded.
422:
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225:
1222:
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742:
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235:
53:
472:
317:. Additionally, he is traditionally attributed with the foundation of the Swedish capital,
1115:
769:
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230:
1357:
593:
539:
430:
388:
332:
72:
31:
1200:
922:"Personakt för Birger (Birger jarl) Magnusson, Född omkring 1210 Bjälbo, Östergötland"
1394:
1384:
1277:
1195:
1084:, a 16th-century account of the battle, provided by the Slavic Interest Group of the
925:
699:
643:
535:
503:
421:
in the mid-1230s, following intense competition with other suitors, as chronicled in
418:
293:
176:
99:
1257:
691:
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403:
760:, married presumably several times, one of her husbands was lord Sigge Guttormsson
1052:
987:
948:
1081:
751:
372:
368:
262:
597:
441:
According to some 15th and 16th century sources, Birger was responsible for a
1102:
588:
318:
607:
357:
17:
1352:
1258:"Utomnordiskt och nordiskt i de äldsta svenska dynastiska förbindelserna."
634:
Ingeborg died in 1254 and in 1261 Birger married the Danish queen dowager
1289:
683:
671:
376:
121:
1133:
1210:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 981.
601:
562:
527:
516:
63:
288:
59:
66:
that fuses
Norwegian and continental styles with English influences.
620:
617:
Grave of Birger Jarl, his wife
Matilda and Birger's son Duke Eric.
471:
336:
322:
587:, Birger wrote two carefully dated letters, the first mention of
766:, born 1240, Duke (of Södermanland), then king of Sweden 1275–90
410:
and one of the most powerful men of the era, who died in 1202.
576:
In 1252, a year after another victory over the folkungs at the
832:(in Swedish). Skara: Skaraborgs länsmuseum. pp. 104–106.
1199:
1099:"Description of the battle in the First Novgorod Chronicle"
750:, born c. 1238, king of Sweden 1250–1275, lord of parts of
561:. Presumably later that year, Birger led an expedition to
1286:
The
Century of the Jarl: A History of 13th-century Sweden
851:
849:
1368:
1108:
1282:
Jarlens sekel: en berättelse om 1200-talets
Sverige
989:
Kingship and State
Formation in Sweden: 1130 - 1290
654:There is a statue of Birger Jarl in his own square
250:
205:
184:
171:
154:
134:
127:
117:
92:
78:
71:
44:
1179:
1158:
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1038:
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638:. Birger died on 21 October 1266, at Jälbolung in
625:Cenotaph of Birger jarl at the Stockholm City Hall
309:, which created his base of power. Birger led the
283: – 21 October 1266), also known as
778:, born 1254, Duke of Finland, bishop of Linköping
726:From marriage with Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden
1034:
1032:
1030:
356:in 1210, spent his childhood and adolescence in
1307:Lindström, Henrik; Lindström, Fredrik (2006).
810:List of monarchs and heads of state of Finland
8:
549:, he also managed to marry off his daughter
953:. Cambridge University Press. p. 227.
785:, born c. 1254, died 30 June 1302, married
522:In 1247, royal troops led by Birger at the
352:Birger, likely born around the time of the
326:
1057:. Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
52:
41:
1190:
1188:
1051:Auty, Robert; Obolensky, Dimitri (1976).
1426:Christians of the Second Swedish Crusade
908:
876:
855:
612:
494:
482:
1375:
1309:Svitjods undergång och Sveriges födelse
820:
1335:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
1328:
1252:
1250:
449:in 1240, which ended in a victory by
305:. His first marriage was to Princess
7:
950:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia
674:for him at the base of the tower of
787:John I of Saxony, Duke of Lauenburg
741:, co-king of Norway, and secondly,
301:, who played a pivotal role in the
1134:"Birger Jaarli (noin 1210 - 1266)"
1054:An Introduction to Russian History
737:, born 1238, married firstly 1251
25:
506:depicted him in the 17th century.
62:in Varnhem Church, wears a ducal
1378:
1351:
1086:Society for Creative Anachronism
947:Helle, Knut (4 September 2003).
487:Statue of Birger Jarl (1854) by
383:. His brothers or half-brothers—
1221:Gillingstam, Hans (1964–1966).
1132:Suvanto, Seppo (23 June 2000).
321:, around 1250. Birger used the
27:Swedish regent (c. 1210 – 1266)
1180:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1159:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1078:Lindström & Lindström 2006
1039:Lindström & Lindström 2006
974:Lindström & Lindström 2006
772:, born 1250, Duke (of Småland)
379:and the granddaughter of King
287:, was a Swedish statesman and
192:Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden
1:
1080:, pp. 193–195. See also
901:
894:
830:Furstebilder från Folkungatid
553:, then only 11 years old, to
277:
138:
82:
1231:(in Swedish). Vol. 16.
453:during what is known as the
1431:13th-century Swedish people
1233:National Archives of Sweden
1228:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
1109:National Archive of Finland
992:. BRILL. pp. 175–182.
739:Haakon Haakonsson the Young
555:Haakon Haakonsson the Young
1467:
1364:Birger Magnusson Genealogy
1138:Finnish National Biography
798:Siegfried, Count of Anhalt
29:
1261:Personhistorisk tidskrift
1114:15 September 2010 at the
662:in Stockholm, erected by
557:, the eldest son of King
113:
51:
1441:Burials at Varnhem Abbey
743:Henry I, Prince of Werle
646:was opened in May 2002.
530:forces led by pretender
510:When the papal diplomat
460:Life of Alexander Nevsky
218:Valdemar, King of Sweden
1207:Encyclopædia Britannica
1118:. in Swedish. See also
328:dux sveorum et guttorum
315:Swedish rule in Finland
303:consolidation of Sweden
88: – 1266
1313:Albert Bonniers förlag
1014:Suomalaisten keskiaika
828:Svanberg, Jan (1987).
666:at the expense of the
664:Bengt Erland Fogelberg
626:
618:
578:Battle of Herrevadsbro
567:Second Swedish Crusade
565:, later dubbed as the
507:
492:
489:Bengt Erland Fogelberg
480:
433:in 1248 by King Erik.
327:
311:Second Swedish Crusade
297:, and a member of the
222:Kristina Birgersdotter
58:Birger, depicted in a
1105:on 27 September 2007.
986:Line, Philip (2007).
893:Estimates range from
796:, born 1245, married
668:Governor of Stockholm
636:Mechtilde of Holstein
624:
616:
498:
486:
475:
417:, the sister of King
213:Rikissa Birgersdotter
1421:History of Stockholm
1360:at Wikimedia Commons
1288:] (in Swedish).
1082:"Battle on the Neva"
670:in 1854. There is a
524:Battle of Sparrsätra
415:Ingeborg Eriksdotter
358:Bjälbo, Östergötland
313:, which established
1411:Swedish politicians
1256:Gillingstam, Hans.
696:Bröllopet på Ulvåsa
676:Stockholm City Hall
559:Haakon IV of Norway
381:Sverker I of Sweden
354:Battle of Gestilren
197:Matilda of Holstein
1182:, pp. 201–206
1161:, pp. 195–198
1041:, pp. 191–193
720:Gregers Birgersson
627:
619:
508:
493:
481:
455:Battle of the Neva
406:, a jarl from the
371:was, according to
307:Ingeborg of Sweden
258:Magnus Minniskiöld
241:Gregers Birgersson
30:For the ship, see
1356:Media related to
1299:978-91-7441-359-5
1064:978-0-521-28038-9
999:978-90-04-15578-7
960:978-0-521-47299-9
858:, pp. 257–58
688:Birger Jarls torn
680:Birger Jarlsgatan
660:Riddarholm Church
656:Birger Jarls Torg
512:William of Modena
447:Novgorod Republic
443:military campaign
362:Magnus Minnesköld
271:
270:
162:(aged 55–56)
16:(Redirected from
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1416:Swedish nobility
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451:Alexander Nevsky
437:Campaign to Neva
423:Erik's Chronicle
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1198:, ed. (1911).
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70:
65:
61:
55:
50:
43:
40:
36:
35:
19:
1308:
1285:
1281:
1270:Bibliography
1260:
1237:. Retrieved
1226:
1216:
1205:
1175:
1166:
1154:
1144:29 September
1142:. Retrieved
1140:(in Finnish)
1137:
1127:
1103:the original
1093:
1073:
1053:
1046:
1013:
1008:
988:
981:
969:
949:
942:
930:. Retrieved
926:the original
916:
829:
823:
729:
709:
695:
692:Riddarholmen
653:
633:
602:
594:Lake Mälaren
575:
544:
526:fought with
521:
509:
499:
491:in Stockholm
477:Coat of arms
458:
445:against the
440:
426:
412:
404:Birger Brosa
366:
351:
292:
284:
273:
272:
160:(1266-10-21)
148:Östergötland
146:probably in
39:
33:
1406:1266 deaths
1401:1200 births
1358:Birger jarl
905: 1210
898: 1190
581: [
540:Gästrikland
396: [
373:Olaus Petri
369:Ingrid Ylva
281: 1210
274:Birger Jarl
263:Ingrid Ylva
164:Jälbolung,
142: 1210
118:Predecessor
86: 1248
46:Birger Jarl
34:Birger Jarl
18:Birger jarl
1395:Categories
932:29 October
816:References
792:possibly:
781:possibly:
754:until 1278
752:Gothenland
598:Viking Age
536:Knut Långe
348:Early life
331:("duke of
1331:cite book
1239:18 August
630:Late life
589:Stockholm
343:Biography
325:title of
319:Stockholm
185:Spouse(s)
1290:Ordfront
1280:(2002).
1112:Archived
804:See also
794:Katarina
783:Ingeborg
758:Kristina
748:Valdemar
710:Source:
706:Children
702:(1865).
684:Norrmalm
672:cenotaph
658:next to
571:Valdemar
377:Sune Sik
122:Ulf Fase
105:Valdemar
93:Monarchs
789:in 1270
735:Rikissa
563:Finland
551:Rikissa
528:Folkung
517:Folkung
251:Parents
64:coronet
1385:Sweden
1371:Portal
1319:
1296:
1061:
1020:
996:
957:
836:
650:Legacy
608:Lübeck
603:ledung
468:Career
391:, and
333:Swedes
289:regent
172:Buried
79:Tenure
60:corbel
1284:[
776:Bengt
585:]
400:]
393:Bengt
385:Eskil
337:Geats
323:Latin
206:Issue
129:
1337:link
1317:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1241:2024
1146:2024
1059:ISBN
1018:ISBN
994:ISBN
955:ISBN
934:2017
834:ISBN
770:Eric
431:jarl
389:Karl
339:").
335:and
294:jarl
155:Died
135:Born
900:to
698:by
690:on
682:on
32:MS
1397::
1333:}}
1329:{{
1315:.
1292:.
1249:^
1225:.
1204:.
1187:^
1136:.
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902:c.
895:c.
884:^
863:^
848:^
583:sv
398:sv
387:,
291:,
278:c.
139:c.
83:c.
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1339:)
1325:.
1302:.
1243:.
1148:.
1067:.
1002:.
963:.
936:.
907:(
842:.
425:(
276:(
37:.
20:)
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