Birkenhead, New Zealand - Knowledge (XXG)

937: 799: 989: 1726: 875: 1718: 1076: 466: 55: 407: 1880: 823:, alongside her husband Major Collings de Jersey Grut and brother Charles D'Auvergne. The de Jersey Grut family established a farm and manor near Duck Creek in the 1850s, but struggled to establish a farm. The poor soil led to starvation, and the servants needing to share food with the de Jersey Grut family members, and cattle would often wander off into the bush. The de Jersey Grut family left in 1865, and had their house shipped to 1397: 3864: 1386: 4512: 265: 272: 257: 250: 4495: 3868: 904:, and south-eastern Birkenhead was chosen as it was one of the few deep water anchorages of the Waitematā Harbour, and due to its proximity to the fresh water Duck Creek. The factory opened in 1884, and by 1888 had greatly increased production. The factory continues to be the largest single site industrial facility on the North Shore. 945:

of these operations was Thompson's, which began as a home operation in Birkenhead in 1898. By the following year, the firm moved to a factory on Nelson Street in the Auckland City Centre, growing to become Thompson & Hills, one of the largest canning factories and jam producers in New Zealand in the early 20th century.

1047:, many farms had become unprofitable. During these times, the Birkenhead Borough operated an unemployment loan scheme for residents, and relief workers worked on infrastructure projects including drain digging, clearing scrubland and improving roads. The last commercial strawberry fields were removed in the 1940s. 712:

were occupied again, until the early 1840s. The shark fishery remained an important location for many decades onwards. In 1844, when Tāmaki Māori held the feast of Remuera, sharks were caught for the event at this fishery, and considerable numbers of Māori fishing boats fished the area as late as the

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On 12 April 1888, with only 330 ratepayers the Birkenhead Road District became the Borough of Birkenhead, one of the earliest boroughs of Auckland. The borough had a mayor and a local council, and was able to make more decisions on how to invest in the area. After 90 years due to major growth in the

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as an anchor store. On 8 May 1995, the shopping centre formally opened, now named Highpoint Shopping Centre. In 1997 after expansions, the mall was renamed Birkenhead Shopping Centre, and later renamed to Highbury Shopping Centre in the mid-2000s. By the 2000s, Birkenhead Town Centre had developed a

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Workers at the factory complained of poor conditions, such as 58-hour work weeks, and unsafe conditions in the wash house, where employers would be dismissed if they stopped working due to heat exhaustion. In 1901, the Sugar Workers Union was formed, pushing for safer conditions and a reduction to a

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By the 1890s, Birkenhead became so well-known for strawberry farms that daytrippers and picknickers would travel to Birkenhead for the growing season. Growers were increasingly frustrated with the high cost of transporting fruit, and many began establishing canning and jam production operations. One

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In 1879, William Francis Hammond bought 30 acres (12 ha) at Birkenhead Point, establishing Raven Hill estate, followed by Charles E. Button who established a second grand house at Birkenhead Point in 1883. Hammond, the son of a London auctioneer, was a keen promoter of Birkenhead, surveying the

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By the turn of the century, Birkenhead had developed into three centres: suburban Birkenhead, rural Birkdale and Chelsea, adjacent to the refinery. The factory provided steady work for the community, employing a third of the workforce of Birkenhead, and allowing farmers and orchardists stability in

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Highbury is a suburb located within Birkenhead, which refers to the older shopping centre at the junction of Birkenhead Avenue and Mokoia Road. The name Highbury was the name of Thomas Forgham's family residence, that was constructed in early colonial Birkenhead. The name of the house was chosen by

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Of those at least 15 years old, 3,495 (40.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 753 (8.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 2,487 people (28.6%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 4,755 (54.7%) people were employed

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The establishment of Chelsea Sugar Refinery led to a population explosion in Birkenhead and the surrounding areas, and led to Birkenhead developing into a suburban township. In the mid-1880s, a factory village was constructed adjacent for workers at the factory. Mr Judd, the first customs officer,

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Henry James Hawkins, established a fruit orchard in the Birkenhead area in the 1850s. Despite the poor clay soil, Hawkins became a famed horticulturalist, winning prizes for crops such as apples, plums, peas, gooseberries, strawberries. Fruit became a major industry for Birkenhead from the 1860s,

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By 1913, Birkenhead had grown to have 12 stores (compared to 42 in Devonport), including the 1913 Hellaby's butchery, the first building with a tiled ceiling constructed in Australasia. An increased population led to plans for a new school to open in 1914 on a portion of Edward Skeate's Highbury

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opened, which rapidly brought Birkenhead closer to Auckland. The North Shore wharves of the Waitematā Harbour stopped being major transport nodes, and instead, areas with views of the Waitematā Harbour rose in importance for suburban housing. From 1960, the Birkenhead Borough Council encouraged

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constructed a wharf in 1882, which was followed by a post office in 1884. The new wharf allowed orchardists in Birkenhead to better transport produce to the Auckland market, further helped by larger orchardists building their own jetties on Oruamo or Hellyers Creek in the north. In 1886, the

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in Australia. A common story explaining the origins of the suburb's name involves land developer Samuel Cochrane choosing the name in memory of his hometown, but this story appears to be apocryphal, as Cochrane was a Londoner and did not have ties to Liverpool. The first mentions in press of

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48-hour work week. In 1905, the Chelsea workers village was condemned. Following this, Chelsea factory management established the HAWE (Housing Assistance for Wage Earners) Scheme in 1910, where workers were provided with low-interest loans to construct or buy houses close to the refinery.

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On 12 April 1888, with only 330 ratepayers living in the area, the Borough of Birkenhead was established as one of the earliest boroughs of Auckland. Birkenhead was one of the largest boroughs of New Zealand in area size, and tensions existed between the township at Highbury and more rural

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was constructed in Birkenhead, becoming a major source of income for Birkenhead. The increased population growth led to Birkenhead becoming one of the first boroughs of Auckland in 1888. Birkenhead transitioned from a semi-rural community to suburban Auckland after the opening of the

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Birkenhead was subdivided and promoted as a township from 1863, alongside other settlements such as Allandale and Balmain (neither of which eventuated). Residents of the village survived through subsistence farming, and profited from bountiful seasonal strawberry crops.

1028:, despite an explosion of population growth in the surrounding suburbs. A small state housing area was constructed at Hammond Place, and in the mid-1970s the Highbury Bypass was constructed, linking Mokoia Road to Onewa Road, without the need to drive through Highbury. 1008:, who lived at Birkenhead, began showing films at Foresters Hall in 1912. Birkenhead became the second suburb of Auckland to have a cinema, and by the 1920s the Foresters Hall had become a major attraction for people across Auckland to attend dances and film showings. 1210:. There were 3,780 households, comprising 5,022 males and 5,514 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female, with 1,836 people (17.4%) aged under 15 years, 2,037 (19.3%) aged 15 to 29, 5,010 (47.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,653 (15.7%) aged 65 or older. 1407:

The first local government in the area was the North Shore Highway District, which began operating in 1868 and administered roading and similar projects across the North Shore. From 1876, Birkenhead was also a part of the Takapuna Riding of

1879: 649:. Because of this, the pā and Mana's people were spared during the conflicts between Te Taoū and Waiohua in the mid-18th century, and at the end of his life, Manaoterangi entrusted his people to Tuperiri and the iwi that grew to become 580:

The poor clay soils of the inland forest of the hindered development. Most Māori settlements of the Birkenhead area focused on fishing and harvesting food from the forests. The focal point of Te Kawerau ā Maki on the North Shore was

1062:. While never employed, the Home Guard dug anti-tank tranches on the Glenfield ridge, and practiced warfare at Eskdale Reserve. Many women of Birkenhead took up jobs traditionally held by men, including working at the offices and 2246: 4225: 920:. Highbury residents wanted more funding to be put aside for urban projects such as improved footpaths, frustrating rural Birkdale residents, who needed better rural roads, especially during the strawberry harvesting season. 1042:

Farms in Birkenhead offered increasingly poor harvests through the 1920s, due to the soil being overworked. Farmers turned away from strawberries, growing crops such as pumpkins and tomatoes instead. By the 1930s during the

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In 1885, the Zion Hill Methodist Church was constructed, becoming a major focal point for social life in Birkenhead. The church visually dominated Birkenhead due to its position on the hill, and was a strong voice for the

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was named after the ancestor Manaoterangi, who was the rangatira of the pā in the mid-18th century, and was likely constructed in the 17th century. The pā was of strategic importance due to its commanding view of the

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partner Louisa "Edris" Emmeline Horne, the gardens featured a wide range of exotic edible plants and palm trees, becoming a well-known tourist spot. The centre promoted the planting of palm trees around Auckland.

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Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.).

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Highbury developed more commercial and residential housing in the 1920s, and was the location of the Birkenhead Borough Chambers. From 1959, the stores of Highbury began declining due to the opening of the

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communities developed around Birkenhead, many of whom worked at Wairau Valley and the Sugar Refinery. After the population exceeded 20,000 people, Birkenhead Borough became the City of Birkenhead in 1978.

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room at Chelsea Sugar Refinery, and working at the Kauri Point Armament Depot. The arrival of American troops in Auckland helped Birkenhead flowers, due to the increased need for fresh food and flowers.

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that overlooked an important seasonal shark fishery. European settlement in Birkenhead began in late the 1840s, and by the late 19th century the area became renowned for strawberry crops. In 1884, the

2307: 928:, lobbying against hotels from being established in Birkenhead. The church and Chelsea Sugar Refinery were the two largest influences on life for Birkenhead residents at the turn of the 20th century. 1058:

at Birkenhead. 332 soldiers and one nurse from Birkenhead enlisted, of whom 29 died. Chelsea Sugar Refinery workers were protected from enlistment, and many residents serves as a part of the

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Before the 2023 census, Birkenhead had a larger boundary, covering 4.63 km (1.79 sq mi). Using that boundary, Birkenhead had a population of 10,536 at the

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were some of the most densely settled areas of the North Shore by Tāmaki Māori. Oruamo or Hellyers Creek was an important transportation node for the North Shore area.

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The highest point in the suburb is the hill in eastern Eskdale Reserve, which reaches a height of 98 metres (322 ft) above sea-level in the neighbouring suburb of

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Birkenhead covers 4.52 km (1.75 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 10,530 as of June 2023, with a population density of 2,330 people per km.

3949: 952:, so by 1900 turned to growing nectarines and plums. Commercial fruitgrowing increasingly disappeared from Birkenhead by the 1910s, after becoming unprofitable. 4557: 3378: 2799: 2626: 1107:

In the mid-1980s, the Borough Council planned to develop a new supermarket at Highbury, to counteract commercial decline. In 1989, Highbury became a part of

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In December 1926, electricity was first installed in Birkenhead, and in January 1934 water infrastructure was greatly improved. Having used water piped from

2589: 520:, "The Rat's Tooth") in the Waitematā Harbour southwest of Birkenhead was a location of great significance to Tāmaki Māori. The rock was the location where 4562: 4245: 936: 846:

Lake Road, connecting Northcote and Birkenhead, was significantly improved in the 1870s, helping development in Birkenhead. This was aided further by the

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In the 1950s, Birkenhead was a semi-rural area of Auckland, with only the areas close to the Birkenhead Wharf having a suburban atmosphere. In 1959, the

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In 1910, the Wragge Institute and Museum and Waiata Tropical Gardens were established in Awanui Street. Run by British meteorologist and spiritualist

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on 13 April 1841. Land speculators purchased much of the isolated forests of Birkenhead in 1843, and the first permanent settlers arrived in 1849.

3975: 3798: 2124: 2529: 1778: 1412:; a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. In 1884 the Birkenhead Road District split from the North Shore Highway District. 956:

years with poorer crops. The ferry service brought new residents to the area who commuted to Auckland for work, although fewer than neighbouring

862:. Birkenhead residents loathed the gum diggers, who would often destroy roads, orchards and farms in order to locate kauri gum. In response, the 4025: 4547: 4238: 3716: 1088:

construction of low-cost suburban houses in the borough, and a small state housing area was constructed at Hammond Place (near Highbury Pass).

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migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū. Many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as

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CNZM, former Premier of South Australia, Australian High Commissioner to UK and Ambassador to Italy, lived in Birkenhead from 1964 to 1977.

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contributing primary (years 1–6) schools with rolls of 451 and 253 respectively. Birkenhead School was founded in 1919 as an extension of

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mid-20th century, Birkenhead became a city on 15 March 1978, with a population of 20,000 people. In 1989, Birkenhead was merged into the

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atmosphere for the commuters, which included string instrument players, and a smokers cabin, where man of Birkenhead discussed politics.

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trees dominated the coastal margins of Birkenhead. Some kauri remnant forest remains in areas around Birkenhead, including Kauri Park,

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In November 2010, the suburb was included into the North Shore ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of the newly-formed

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placed a mauri stone (a stone of religious significance), naming the Waitematā ("The Waters of the Stone") after the mauri stone.

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in the summer of 1862 and 1863. The origin is unknown, but it possibly stems from the geographical similarities the area has to

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notably apples, pears, and two varieties of strawberry, Marguerite and Duke of Edinburgh, which flourished well in clay soils.

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Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.4% had no religion, 33.6% were

650: 638: 4501: 3065: 1016:. 261 men and boys from Birkenhead served in the war. This greatly affected the community, which was further impacted by the 2345: 1845:

Edward Le Roy was a businessman who ran a tent making business in Auckland. Le Roys Bush and Le Roy Tce are named after him.

1774: 1725: 119: 4043: 4537: 3719:. Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Birkenhead West (125200), Birkenhead North (126500) and Birkenhead South (127400). 1036: 441:

English immigrant William Francis Hammond, Forgham's son-in-law, in memory of Highbury, Hammond's parents' townhouse in

2617: 1236: 543:, including those of the North Shore. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new 390: 4219: 4204: 4069: 2806: 1794: 1091:

Birkenhead's population and commercial centre rapidly developed in the 1970s, helped in part by the development of

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Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI)

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successfully convinced the Colonial Sugar Refining Company to call both the factory and adjacent company village

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visited Auckland. The refinery was chosen due to Auckland's relative proximity to the sugarcane plantations of

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Highbury Shopping Centre is located in Birkenhead. It includes 600 carparks and 25 retailers, including a

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In the latter 18th and early 19th centuries, members of Te Taoū/Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei resided seasonally at

592: 434: 410: 349: 285: 230: 60: 3312:"Capemba, Swann Road, Taringa: The first two residents, Clement Lindley Wragge and Thomas James Rothwell" 4456: 4293: 1826: 1813:

lived his final years at 8 Awanui Street, Birkenhead and planted palms in his, and neighbours', gardens.

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Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015).

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area and promoting Birkenhead subdivisions and estates at auctions, and constructing a bridge across

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Long Bay Regional Park Northern Entrance, archaeological investigations (HNZPTA authority 2016/575)

1790: 449: 278: 235: 2220: 2053: 539:, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as 465: 4213: 2643: 2276:

Penlink Cultural & Environmental Design Framework: Penlink Cultural and Environmental Context

2028: 1005: 378: 1111:, and the new city council began planning the Strawberry Fields Shopping Centre from 1990, with 1039:

to Birkenhead under the Waitematā Harbour, and was the longest pipe of its kind when installed.

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built a hall on Hinemoa Street in Birkenhead. In the following year, theatre company manager

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North Shore heritage – North Shore area studies and scheduled items list: volume 2 parts 6+

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supermarket. The central Birkenhead shopping area is known as the Birkenhead Town Centre.

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lobbied the Crown to allow the country more direct control over the gum digging industry.

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Cultural Values Assessment for America's Cup 36 - Wynyard and Hobson Planning Application

1218: 960:; only three stores were located in Birkenhead in 1901. The Birkenhead ferry developed a 3696:

Harbourside Explorer: A Guide to Exploring What's In and Around Birkenhead and Northcote

2832: 559:. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, 4405: 4385: 4323: 4096: 2506: 1816: 1463: 1389: 1385: 1100: 646: 627: 556: 552: 532: 500: 370: 4531: 2686:

Sources for the Archaeology of the Maaori Settlement of the Taamaki Volcanic District

1092: 622:, a shark fishery which brought seasonal visitors from across Tāmaki Makurau and the 525: 422: 3890: 2621: 4129: 1898: 1832: 1063: 1051: 949: 623: 398:

Birkenhead were real estate advertisements placed by Samuel Cochrane in June 1863.

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parked in front of the Foresters Hall, one of the first cinemas in Auckland (1915)

728:, other known locations of significance to Tāmaki Māori around Birkenhead include 1232:

The percentage of people born overseas was 39.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.

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Major Collings Ann de Jersey Grut emigrated to New Zealand in the 1850s from the

4269: 4222:, describing Mickle's efforts to support Birkenhead soldiers during World War I. 2934: 2314: 1698: 1400: 1229:, and 3.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. 1032: 1017: 1013: 893: 682: 357:

in 1959, becoming a city in 1978. In 1989, Birkenhead City was amalgamated with

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estate, but plans for a school were delayed until 1919, due to the outbreak of

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chose Birkenhead for the site of a new sugar refining factory, after founder

747: 565:("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including 94: 81: 4369: 4344: 4155: 4116: 3935: 1901:. Birkenhead Wharf can be seen on the left, at the head of Birkenhead Point. 1839: 859: 855: 511: 386: 369:

The name Birkenhead first appears in relation to a land survey conducted by

3838: 3821: 1998: 602: 3665: 2655: 2376:"Brief of Evidence of Karen Akamira Wilson on Behalf of Te Ākitai Waiohua" 1797:. Verran Primary School was founded in 1964. Rolls are as of August 2024. 4265: 1259:

full-time, 1,281 (14.7%) were part-time, and 216 (2.5%) were unemployed.

976: 521: 442: 311: 124: 2647: 1809:, the meteorologist who began the tradition of using people's names for 494:

began around the 13th or 14th centuries. The North Shore was settled by

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When Tāmaki Māori returned in greater numbers to the Auckland Region,

3822:"The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view" 3483: 3481: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3274: 3174: 3172: 2973: 2971: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2667: 2665: 673:. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the 45: 1978: 1976: 1974: 3570: 3568: 812:

Birkenhead was a part of the Mahurangi Block, an area purchased by

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was the name of a pā located inland on the Kauri Point ridge, and

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were raided and destroyed in a night raid around the year 1823.

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ragatira Tuperiri, and was married to Waikahuia, the sister of

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Birkenhead and Northcote Fruitgrowing Association was formed.

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sandstone, that was deposited on the sea floor during the

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Within the Auckland Council, Birkenhead is a part of the

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Community Facilities Trust Birkenhead/Northcote (2006).

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Growers struggled with poor apple and pear crops due to

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since at least the 14th century, and is the location of

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Highpoint Shopping Centre shortly after opening in 1995

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Trilford, Danielle; Campbell, Matthew (30 July 2018).

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North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1

2060:. Vol. XIX, no. 1836. 5 June 1863. p. 2 437:, Kauri Point Domain, Kauri Glen and Eskdale Reserve. 3060: 3058: 2760:

473 Albany Highway, Albany: Archaeological Assessment

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By the early 19th century, the eastern headlands the

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Manaoterangi was a close relative of Tuperiri of the

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in the summer, including important rangatira such as

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Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015).

1206:, and an increase of 1,230 people (13.2%) since the 4449: 4414: 4378: 4337: 4276: 3865:"Timeline of Auckland Mayors: An Online Exhibition" 3451: 3449: 3447: 2794:; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; 2622:"George Graham's Maori Place Names of Auckland" 2445:. West Auckland Historical Society. p. 13-14. 208: 196: 188: 183: 175: 170: 162: 152: 142: 130: 118: 110: 36: 4220:Alice Mickle story at Auckland War Memorial Museum 2097: 2095: 569:, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, 3652: 3637: 3625: 3613: 3601: 3589: 3574: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3487: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3402: 3349: 3297: 3280: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3178: 3163: 3151: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3086: 3049: 3037: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2939:Migration from Jersey to New Zealand in the 1870s 2921: 2904: 2892: 2671: 2576: 2198: 2148: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 1982: 4183:. Birkenhead Library, North Shore City Council. 1789:Birkenhead School and Verran Primary School are 843:, better connecting the community to Northcote. 3763:Reidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In 2590:"Te Kawerau ā Maki Deed of Settlement Schedule" 1756:is a native bush reserve located in Birkenhead. 1392:, first mayor of Birkenhead Borough (1888–1901) 1123:. Under the council, Birkenhead is part of the 3711: 3709: 3689: 3687: 326:, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of the 4553:Populated places around the Waitematā Harbour 4246: 3229: 3098: 2962: 2564: 2102:Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). 1202:, an increase of 894 people (9.3%) since the 1054:, the New Zealand Government established the 870:Chelsea Sugar Refinery and Birkenhead Borough 8: 3717:"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census" 3680:– via National Library of New Zealand. 2627:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 2170:Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand 2007:Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand 1993: 1991: 1138: 1035:until this time, the pipe pumped water from 681:due to the threat of war parties during the 3867:. Auckland Council Archives. Archived from 3752:2018 Census place summary: Birkenhead South 3741:2018 Census place summary: Birkenhead North 3461:"Highbury Shopping Centre (33 Mokoia Road)" 1403:, last mayor of Birkenhead City (1986–1989) 785: 779: 773: 767: 757: 751: 741: 735: 729: 723: 717: 707: 701: 692: 686: 668: 617: 606: 596: 582: 560: 515: 470: 335: 4253: 4239: 4231: 4170:Fisher, Muriel; Hilder, Wenman J. (1969). 3730:2018 Census place summary: Birkenhead West 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2595:. New Zealand Government. 22 February 2014 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 1137: 417:The Birkenhead area is primarily uplifted 413:is an area of remnant forest in Birkenhead 221: 33: 3891:"Highbury Shopping Centre – Visitor Info" 3859: 3857: 3837: 2866:"Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" 2758:Gaylard, Doug; Clough, Rod (March 2020). 2612: 2610: 2500: 2498: 2475:"Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" 2211: 2209: 2207: 932:Fruit canning and the Sugar Workers Union 547:. His younger son Maraeariki settled the 2800:"Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents" 1670: 1446: 1443:Mayors during Birkenhead Borough Council 1420:. North Shore City was amalgamated into 1261: 994:Birkenhead Motor Bus and Transit Company 381:, which is on the opposite shore of the 4490: 4226:Birkenhead War Memorial Park Masterplan 4126:The North Shore: An Illustrated History 4046:. Verran Primary School. Archived from 4014:Education Counts: Verran Primary School 3799:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2732:; Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trustee Limited; 2530:"Deed of settlement schedule documents" 1912: 1095:as an industrial park. From the 1970s, 555:, who based himself at the head of the 486:and close to an important shark fishery 195: 182: 169: 161: 109: 74: 67: 51: 2738:Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents 1954:"Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat" 1920: 1918: 1916: 1819:was an early NZ film-maker, producing 1431:local government area governed by the 498:, including people descended from the 4462:Glenfield Rugby Union and Sports Club 4205:Birkenhead Community Facilities Trust 3792:McClure, Margaret (6 December 2007). 3328:from the original on 18 November 2017 2546:from the original on 13 February 2020 1750:, and features an all-tide boat ramp. 1667:Mayors during Birkenhead City Council 1263:Individual statistical areas in 2018 207: 187: 174: 151: 141: 129: 117: 7: 4558:Populated places established in 1863 2027:Potter, Brian A. (9 December 2022). 1779:Italy women's national football team 389:. Similar locations can be found in 4072:. New Zealand Ministry of Education 4028:. Birkenhead School. Archived from 4003:Education Counts: Birkenhead School 3794:"Auckland places - The North Shore" 3362:Lutz, Heike; Chan, Theresa (2011). 1771:Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1B 577:, can trace their lineage to Kahu. 531:The warrior Maki migrated from the 70:Location of Birkenhead in Auckland. 4563:1863 establishments in New Zealand 4440:North Shore City Council (defunct) 3771:. Random House. pp. 238–239. 616:, and its proximity to a renowned 25: 3310:Darbyshire, Andrew (April 2014). 2443:West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1 2353:Te Kawerau Iwi Tribunal Authority 1729:Highbury Buildings on Mokoia Road 912:, after his hometown in England. 858:roamed Birkenhead, searching for 790:(the bay north of Charcoal Bay). 605:below the cliffs at Kendall Bay. 587:("The Brow of Mana"), a headland 4510: 4493: 2412:"Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" 2374:Wilson, Karen (28 August 2018). 2247:"Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" 1878: 1746:Birkenhead Point is home to the 1213:Ethnicities were 75.7% European/ 469:Kauri Point was the location of 270: 263: 255: 248: 53: 4070:"New Zealand Schools Directory" 3912:Janssen, Peter (January 2021). 3666:"Birkenhead hits the highpoint" 2283:Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency 1777:, Birkenhead United hosted the 894:Colonial Sugar Refining Company 330:. The area has been settled by 31:Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand 3769:West: The History of Waitakere 2344:Mossman, Sarah (August 2018). 1255:and 2.2% had other religions. 772:(Onetaunga and Soldiers Bay), 179:452 ha (1,117 acres) 18:Birkenhead School, New Zealand 1: 4174:. Birkenhead Borough Council. 3371:Heritage Consultancy Services 2509:. Restore Hibiscus & Bays 940:View of Birkenhead circa 1910 591:at Kauri Point in modern-day 535:to his ancestral home in the 271: 249: 4172:Birkenhead: the Kauri Suburb 3895:highburyshoppingcentre.co.nz 2684:Bulmer, Susan (March 1994). 1702: 1689: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1634: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1459: 264: 256: 4181:Birkenhead: the Way We Were 4101:. Birkenhead City Council. 2505:Whaanga, Mel (March 2022). 2033:Birkenhead Heritage Society 1775:2023 FIFA Women's World Cup 805:(1884), an oil painting by 803:Our Harbour from Birkenhead 4579: 4548:Kaipātiki Local Board Area 4379:Facilities and attractions 4262:Kaipātiki Local Board Area 4095:McClure, Margaret (1987). 2838:(Report). CFG Heritage Ltd 2693:Department of Conservation 1125:Kaipātiki Local Board Area 1056:Kauri Point Armament Depot 1002:Ancient Order of Foresters 892:In 1881, the Australasian 885: 4401:North Shore Events Centre 4210:Photographs of Birkenhead 3068:. Engineering New Zealand 1856:Birkenhead Public Library 1748:Birkenhead Ferry Terminal 1191: 1165:— 794:Early European settlement 750:in the wooded vallies of 213:Birkenhead Ferry Terminal 75: 68: 52: 43: 4543:North Shore, New Zealand 4360:Oruamo or Hellyers Creek 3820:Blakeley, Roger (2015). 3066:"Chelsea Sugar Refinery" 2068:– via Papers Past. 1926:"ArcGIS Web Application" 1721:A cafe in Hinemoa Street 1489:Albert Frederick Porter 864:Waitemata County Council 854:By the 1880s, itinerant 662:Oruamo or Hellyers Creek 490:Māori settlement of the 475:("The Brow of Mana"), a 95:36.807490°S 174.723051°E 4480:Birkenhead, New Zealand 4098:The Story of Birkenhead 3672:. 3 May 1995. p. 3 2767:Clough & Associates 2029:"Birkenhead - The Name" 1930:statsnz.maps.arcgis.com 1895:Auckland Harbour Bridge 1566:Edward Cranston Walton 1241:Māori religious beliefs 1200:2018 New Zealand census 1085:Auckland Harbour Bridge 1026:Auckland Harbour Bridge 658:Upper Waitematā Harbour 630:and later Tarahawaiki. 355:Auckland Harbour Bridge 318:. It is located on the 4391:Chelsea Sugar Refinery 4179:Haddon, Kathy (1993). 4124:Verran, David (2010). 3918:New Holland Publishers 3914:Greater Auckland Walks 3899:Colliers International 3839:10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572 3653:McClure, Margaret 1987 3638:McClure, Margaret 1987 3626:McClure, Margaret 1987 3614:McClure, Margaret 1987 3602:McClure, Margaret 1987 3590:McClure, Margaret 1987 3575:McClure, Margaret 1987 3560:McClure, Margaret 1987 3548:McClure, Margaret 1987 3536:McClure, Margaret 1987 3524:McClure, Margaret 1987 3512:McClure, Margaret 1987 3500:McClure, Margaret 1987 3488:McClure, Margaret 1987 3439:McClure, Margaret 1987 3427:McClure, Margaret 1987 3415:McClure, Margaret 1987 3403:McClure, Margaret 1987 3350:McClure, Margaret 1987 3298:McClure, Margaret 1987 3281:McClure, Margaret 1987 3266:McClure, Margaret 1987 3254:McClure, Margaret 1987 3242:McClure, Margaret 1987 3218:McClure, Margaret 1987 3206:McClure, Margaret 1987 3194:McClure, Margaret 1987 3179:McClure, Margaret 1987 3164:McClure, Margaret 1987 3152:McClure, Margaret 1987 3135:McClure, Margaret 1987 3123:McClure, Margaret 1987 3111:McClure, Margaret 1987 3087:McClure, Margaret 1987 3050:McClure, Margaret 1987 3038:McClure, Margaret 1987 3026:McClure, Margaret 1987 3014:McClure, Margaret 1987 3002:McClure, Margaret 1987 2990:McClure, Margaret 1987 2978:McClure, Margaret 1987 2922:McClure, Margaret 1987 2905:McClure, Margaret 1987 2893:McClure, Margaret 1987 2873:New Zealand Government 2745:New Zealand Government 2691:(Report). Wellington: 2672:McClure, Margaret 1987 2577:McClure, Margaret 1987 2482:New Zealand Government 2199:McClure, Margaret 1987 2149:McClure, Margaret 1987 1983:McClure, Margaret 1987 1958:Statistics New Zealand 1866:Le Roys Bush, Auckland 1861:Chelsea Sugar Refinery 1807:Clement Lindley Wragge 1765:Birkenhead is home to 1730: 1722: 1435:. It is a part of the 1404: 1393: 1080: 1050:In 1938 on the eve of 997: 973:Clement Lindley Wragge 941: 888:Chelsea Sugar Refinery 883: 880:Chelsea Sugar Refinery 848:Auckland Harbour Board 809: 786: 780: 774: 768: 758: 752: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 708: 702: 693: 687: 669: 618: 607: 601:("Wind Shelter"), the 597: 583: 561: 516: 487: 471: 414: 350:Chelsea Sugar Refinery 336: 100:-36.807490; 174.723051 4482:at Knowledge (XXG)'s 4457:Birkenhead United AFC 4427:Kaipātiki Local Board 4216:heritage collections. 3767:; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). 3319:Brisbane History West 2507:"He taonga o te rohe" 2166:New Zealand Gazetteer 2003:New Zealand Gazetteer 1827:Cinema of New Zealand 1728: 1720: 1433:Kaipātiki Local Board 1399: 1388: 1139:Historical population 1078: 991: 984:Cinema and World Wars 975:and his Anglo-Indian 939: 877: 801: 468: 409: 157:Kaipātiki Local Board 2798:(12 December 2013). 2058:Daily Southern Cross 1116:restaurant culture. 1097:Samoan New Zealander 1071:Suburban development 562:Te Whenua Roa o Kahu 328:Auckland City Centre 4538:Suburbs of Auckland 4338:Geographic features 4214:Auckland Libraries' 4050:on 17 February 2009 4032:on 14 October 2008. 3954:Friends of Football 3655:, pp. 194–196. 3640:, pp. 188–193. 3592:, pp. 165–168. 3538:, pp. 154–155. 3526:, pp. 148–149. 3514:, pp. 143–144. 3441:, pp. 114–119. 3405:, pp. 126–128. 3352:, pp. 133–134. 2736:(5 November 2011). 2730:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei 2383:Ministry of Justice 2315:NZ Transport Agency 1769:who compete in the 1544:John William Court 1264: 1140: 926:temperance movement 784:(Charcoal Bay) and 651:Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei 91: / 63:, a local landmark. 3871:on 10 January 2022 3384:on 1 February 2023 3230:Verran, David 2010 3099:Verran, David 2010 2963:Verran, David 2010 2565:Verran, David 2010 2392:on 27 January 2019 2304:Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki 2130:on 1 February 2023 1731: 1723: 1424:in November 2010. 1405: 1394: 1262: 1081: 1006:Henry John Hayward 998: 942: 884: 810: 660:, including along 571:Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki 488: 415: 379:North West England 189: • Total 4475: 4474: 4139:978-1-86979-312-8 3981:Radio New Zealand 3927:978-1-86966-516-6 3765:Macdonald, Finlay 3628:, pp. 182–3. 3490:, pp. 183–5. 3300:, pp. 82–86. 3283:, pp. 96–98. 3220:, pp. 78–79. 3181:, pp. 93–94. 3166:, pp. 64–67. 3125:, pp. 53–54. 3089:, pp. 40–41. 3016:, pp. 47–49. 3004:, pp. 34–40. 2980:, pp. 26–29. 2965:, pp. 33–34. 2924:, pp. 23–26. 2792:Te Kawerau ā Maki 2674:, pp. 11–12. 2221:"Highbury Corner" 2120:978-1-927169-21-6 1985:, pp. 30–31. 1822:Rewi's Last Stand 1767:Birkenhead United 1707: 1706: 1661: 1660: 1378: 1377: 1196: 1195: 1018:1918 flu pandemic 807:Charles Blomfield 719:Te Mātārae ō Mana 703:Te Mātārae ō Mana 688:Te Mātārae ō Mana 670:Te Mātārae a Mana 614:Waitematā Harbour 608:Te Mātārae ō Mana 584:Te Mātārae ō Mana 541:Te Kawerau ā Maki 484:Waitematā Harbour 477:Te Kawerau ā Maki 472:Te Mātārae ō Mana 346:Te Kawerau ā Maki 337:Te Matarae ō Mana 324:Waitematā Harbour 305: 304: 299:Waitematā Harbour 292:Waitematā Harbour 218: 217: 176: • Land 16:(Redirected from 4570: 4523: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4486: 4432:North Shore Ward 4422:Auckland Council 4350:Little Shoal Bay 4277:Populated places 4255: 4248: 4241: 4232: 4194: 4175: 4159: 4120: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4026:"School History" 4022: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3841: 3826:Policy Quarterly 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3760: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3713: 3704: 3703: 3702:. pp. 8–15. 3700:North Shore City 3698:(2nd ed.). 3691: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3578: 3572: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3457:Auckland Council 3453: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3383: 3377:. Archived from 3375:Auckland Council 3368: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3062: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2937:(October 2019). 2931: 2925: 2919: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2837: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2811: 2805:. Archived from 2804: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2771:Auckland Council 2764: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2742: 2726: 2707: 2706: 2690: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2594: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2545: 2534: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2479: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2419:Auckland Council 2416: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2385:. Archived from 2380: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2350: 2341: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2312: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2280: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2254:Auckland Council 2251: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2217:Auckland Council 2213: 2202: 2196: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2123:. Archived from 2111:Auckland Council 2108: 2099: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1995: 1986: 1980: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1950: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1922: 1882: 1795:Northcote School 1671: 1555:Albert Hadfield 1522:William Wallace 1500:Alexander Keyes 1477:Joseph Witheford 1447: 1437:North Shore ward 1422:Auckland Council 1418:North Shore City 1410:Waitemata County 1381:Local government 1337:Birkenhead South 1314:Birkenhead North 1277:Density (per km) 1265: 1154: 1149: 1141: 1121:Auckland Council 1109:North Shore City 1045:Great Depression 841:Little Shoal Bay 789: 783: 777: 771: 761: 755: 745: 739: 733: 727: 721: 711: 705: 696: 690: 672: 645:paramount chief 621: 610: 600: 586: 564: 519: 482:overlooking the 474: 359:North Shore City 339: 274: 273: 267: 266: 262: 259: 258: 252: 251: 222: 147:North Shore ward 137:Auckland Council 106: 105: 103: 102: 101: 96: 92: 89: 88: 87: 84: 57: 34: 21: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4485:sister projects 4484: 4476: 4471: 4467:Northern Rovers 4445: 4410: 4374: 4333: 4272: 4259: 4201: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4166: 4164:Further reading 4140: 4128:. North Shore: 4123: 4109: 4094: 4091: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3984:. 19 April 2023 3974: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3928: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3855: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3707: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3651: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3616:, pp. 180. 3612: 3608: 3604:, pp. 181. 3600: 3596: 3588: 3581: 3577:, pp. 159. 3573: 3566: 3562:, pp. 163. 3558: 3554: 3550:, pp. 170. 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3502:, pp. 142. 3498: 3494: 3486: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3455: 3454: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3429:, pp. 105. 3425: 3421: 3417:, pp. 101. 3413: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3287: 3279: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2868: 2864:(21 May 2011). 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2762: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2727: 2710: 2703: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2663: 2616: 2615: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2477: 2473:(21 May 2011). 2465: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2422: 2421:. December 2018 2414: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2348: 2343: 2342: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2278: 2274:Boffa Miskell. 2273: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2215: 2214: 2205: 2197: 2184: 2174: 2172: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2151:, pp. 203. 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1981: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1924: 1923: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1888: 1883: 1874: 1852: 1803: 1787: 1763: 1743: 1715: 1669: 1632:Cyril Crocombe 1577:Ernest Skeates 1511:John Green Kay 1445: 1383: 1291:Birkenhead West 1223:Pacific peoples 1133: 1073: 1037:Western Springs 986: 934: 890: 872: 821:Channel Islands 796: 537:Auckland Region 492:Auckland Region 463: 458: 419:Waitemata Group 404: 367: 310:is a suburb of 275: 268: 260: 253: 220: 219: 209:Ferry terminals 204: 132:Local authority 99: 97: 93: 90: 85: 82: 80: 78: 77: 71: 64: 48: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4507: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4406:Shepherds Park 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4217: 4207: 4200: 4199:External links 4197: 4196: 4195: 4189: 4176: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4138: 4121: 4107: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4061: 4035: 4017: 4006: 3995: 3967: 3956:. 17 July 2023 3941: 3926: 3920:. p. 52. 3904: 3882: 3853: 3812: 3784: 3777: 3755: 3744: 3733: 3722: 3705: 3683: 3657: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3579: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3477: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3407: 3395: 3354: 3339: 3302: 3285: 3270: 3268:, pp. 89. 3258: 3256:, pp. 69. 3246: 3244:, pp. 79. 3234: 3232:, pp. 43. 3222: 3210: 3208:, pp. 74. 3198: 3196:, pp. 81. 3183: 3168: 3156: 3154:, pp. 60. 3139: 3137:, pp. 44. 3127: 3115: 3113:, pp. 46. 3103: 3101:, pp. 99. 3091: 3079: 3054: 3052:, pp. 55. 3042: 3040:, pp. 77. 3030: 3028:, pp. 70. 3018: 3006: 2994: 2992:, pp. 72. 2982: 2967: 2955: 2926: 2909: 2907:, pp. 20. 2897: 2895:, pp. 14. 2885: 2858:Ngāti Manuhiri 2849: 2823: 2812:on 9 June 2022 2783: 2750: 2708: 2701: 2695:. p. 56. 2676: 2661: 2618:Simmons, D. R. 2606: 2581: 2579:, pp. 10. 2569: 2567:, pp. 30. 2557: 2520: 2494: 2467:Ngāti Manuhiri 2458: 2451: 2432: 2403: 2366: 2327: 2306:(April 2016). 2295: 2266: 2237: 2203: 2201:, pp. 49. 2182: 2153: 2141: 2119: 2071: 2045: 2019: 1987: 1970: 1942: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1836: 1830: 1817:Rudall Hayward 1814: 1802: 1801:Notable people 1799: 1786: 1783: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1742: 1739: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1610:Ernie Osborne 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588:James McPhail 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1533:James McPhail 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1464:Charles Button 1461: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1444: 1441: 1390:Charles Button 1382: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1286:Median income 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1132: 1129: 1072: 1069: 985: 982: 933: 930: 886:Main article: 871: 868: 795: 792: 778:(Island Bay), 775:Wa Iti o Toroa 753:Tāwhiwhikareao 619:tauranga mango 567:Ngāti Manuhiri 553:Hibiscus Coast 533:Kāwhia Harbour 462: 459: 457: 454: 403: 400: 371:Charles Heaphy 366: 363: 340:, a fortified 314:, in northern 303: 302: 295: 288: 282: 281: 276: 269: 254: 247: 245: 239: 238: 233: 228: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 202: 200: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 166:1883 (Approx.) 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 143:Electoral ward 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 122: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 73: 72: 69: 66: 65: 61:sugar refinery 58: 50: 49: 44: 41: 40: 37: 30: 29: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4575: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4522:from Wikidata 4521: 4520: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450:Organisations 4448: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4329:Wairau Valley 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4190:0-9597936-7-4 4186: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4108:0-908704-04-6 4104: 4100: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4010: 4007: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3813: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3778:9781869790080 3774: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3726: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3484: 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2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702:0-478-01552-6 2698: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2558: 2542: 2538: 2537:NZ Government 2531: 2524: 2521: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2452:0-473-00983-8 2448: 2444: 2436: 2433: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2354: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2316: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2284: 2277: 2270: 2267: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2238: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2126: 2122: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2059: 2055: 2054:"North Shore" 2049: 2046: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:coeducational 1784: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1773:. During the 1772: 1768: 1760: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1727: 1719: 1712: 1710: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1687:Graham Stott 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1664: 1654:Graham Stott 1653: 1649: 1643:Bert Stanley 1642: 1638: 1631: 1627: 1621:Cliff Utting 1620: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1599:George Mills 1598: 1594: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1528: 1521: 1517: 1510: 1506: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1402: 1398: 1391: 1387: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093:Wairau Valley 1089: 1086: 1077: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1000:In 1911, the 995: 990: 983: 981: 978: 974: 969: 965: 963: 959: 953: 951: 950:codling moths 946: 938: 931: 929: 927: 921: 919: 913: 911: 905: 903: 899: 895: 889: 881: 876: 869: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 849: 844: 842: 836: 832: 828: 826: 822: 817: 815: 808: 804: 800: 793: 791: 788: 782: 776: 770: 765: 760: 754: 749: 744: 738: 732: 726: 720: 714: 710: 704: 698: 695: 689: 684: 680: 676: 671: 665: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 631: 629: 625: 620: 615: 609: 604: 599: 594: 590: 585: 578: 576: 572: 568: 563: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 526:Kahumatamomoe 523: 518: 513: 509: 507: 503: 502: 497: 493: 485: 481: 478: 473: 467: 461:Māori history 460: 455: 453: 451: 446: 444: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 423:Early Miocene 420: 412: 408: 401: 399: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 364: 362: 360: 356: 351: 347: 343: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 300: 296: 293: 289: 287: 284: 283: 280: 277: 246: 244: 241: 240: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 223: 214: 211: 201: 199: 191: 178: 165: 158: 155: 148: 145: 138: 135: 133: 126: 123: 121: 113: 104: 76:Coordinates: 62: 56: 47: 42: 35: 27: 19: 4517: 4505:from Commons 4500: 4479: 4438: 4396:Le Roys Bush 4298: 4180: 4171: 4130:Random House 4125: 4097: 4089:Bibliography 4076:17 September 4074:. Retrieved 4064: 4052:. Retrieved 4048:the original 4038: 4030:the original 4020: 4009: 3998: 3986:. Retrieved 3979: 3970: 3958:. Retrieved 3953: 3944: 3913: 3907: 3894: 3885: 3873:. Retrieved 3869:the original 3829: 3825: 3815: 3803:. Retrieved 3797: 3787: 3768: 3758: 3747: 3736: 3725: 3695: 3674:. Retrieved 3669: 3660: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3468:. Retrieved 3465:PocketSights 3464: 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386:. Retrieved 3379:the original 3370: 3357: 3330:. Retrieved 3318: 3305: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3159: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3070:. Retrieved 3045: 3033: 3021: 3009: 2997: 2985: 2958: 2946:. Retrieved 2935:Boleat, Mark 2929: 2900: 2888: 2876:. Retrieved 2852: 2840:. Retrieved 2826: 2814:. Retrieved 2807:the original 2786: 2774:. Retrieved 2766: 2753: 2679: 2631: 2625: 2597:. Retrieved 2584: 2572: 2560: 2548:. Retrieved 2536: 2523: 2511:. Retrieved 2485:. Retrieved 2461: 2442: 2435: 2423:. Retrieved 2406: 2394:. 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Retrieved 1929: 1893:showing the 1889:A view from 1833:Hone Tuwhare 1820: 1788: 1764: 1754:Le Roys Bush 1732: 1708: 1662: 1426: 1414: 1406: 1257: 1251:, 1.9% were 1247:, 1.2% were 1243:, 1.8% were 1234: 1231: 1212: 1197: 1134: 1131:Demographics 1118: 1106: 1090: 1082: 1064:golden syrup 1052:World War II 1049: 1041: 1030: 1022: 1010: 999: 970: 966: 954: 947: 943: 922: 914: 906: 891: 853: 845: 837: 833: 829: 818: 811: 802: 715: 699: 666: 655: 639:Ngāti Whātua 632: 624:Hauraki Gulf 579: 575:Ngāti Whātua 530: 517:Te Nihokiore 510: 499: 496:Tāmaki Māori 489: 447: 439: 435:Le Roys Bush 416: 411:Le Roys Bush 383:River Mersey 368: 332:Tāmaki Māori 307: 306: 26: 4324:Tōtara Vale 4289:Beach Haven 4270:New Zealand 3988:30 November 3960:30 November 3805:13 November 3676:30 November 3332:19 November 3072:29 November 2948:29 November 2259:14 February 2064:27 November 2012:27 November 1699:Ann Hartley 1401:Ann Hartley 1360:New Zealand 1239:, 0.2% had 1208:2006 census 1204:2013 census 1101:Urban Māori 1033:Lake Pupuke 1014:World War I 992:Buses from 898:Edward Knox 856:gum diggers 716:Outside of 683:Musket Wars 647:Kiwi Tāmaki 628:Kiwi Tāmaki 557:Ōrewa River 549:North Shore 320:North Shore 316:New Zealand 198:Postcode(s) 163:Established 153:Local board 114:New Zealand 98: / 86:174°43′23″E 4532:Categories 4415:Government 4299:Birkenhead 4156:Q120520385 4117:Q120679112 4054:17 January 3936:Q118136068 3875:6 December 3670:Shore News 3470:1 December 3373:(Report). 2769:(Report). 2743:(Report). 2599:29 January 2550:31 October 2313:(Report). 2281:(Report). 2230:1 December 2175:3 December 2162:"Highbury" 2109:(Report). 2038:4 December 1963:25 October 1907:References 1703:1986–1989 1690:1978–1986 1657:1977–1978 1646:1968–1977 1635:1959–1968 1624:1953–1959 1613:1936–1953 1602:1932–1936 1591:1929–1932 1580:1925–1929 1569:1923–1925 1558:1922–1923 1547:1921–1922 1536:1915–1921 1525:1912–1915 1514:1911–1912 1503:1906–1911 1492:1905–1906 1481:1901–1905 1468:1888–1901 1371:37.4 years 1352:41.0 years 1329:36.2 years 1306:37.4 years 1283:Median age 1280:Households 1274:Population 1060:Home Guard 781:Kaiwhanake 445:, London. 431:Pōhutukawa 375:Birkenhead 308:Birkenhead 261:Birkenhead 184:Population 83:36°48′27″S 38:Birkenhead 4386:AUT North 4370:Tank Farm 4365:Shoal Bay 4345:Boat Rock 4319:Northcote 4314:Hillcrest 4309:Glenfield 4304:Chatswood 4148:650320207 4044:"History" 3848:2324-1101 2862:The Crown 2796:The Crown 2734:The Crown 2656:Q58677091 2640:0067-0464 2634:: 11–39. 2471:The Crown 1840:Mike Rann 1785:Education 1741:Amenities 1735:Countdown 1429:Kaipātiki 1374:$ 31,800 1355:$ 51,600 1332:$ 38,300 1309:$ 40,900 1271:Area (km) 1237:Christian 1113:Countdown 958:Devonport 860:kauri gum 814:the Crown 769:Onetaunga 743:Ngutuwera 731:Maunganui 679:Northland 593:Chatswood 512:Boat Rock 450:Hillcrest 402:Geography 387:Liverpool 365:Etymology 286:Chatswood 279:Northcote 236:Hillcrest 231:Glenfield 4294:Birkdale 4266:Auckland 4212:held in 4152:Wikidata 4113:Wikidata 3932:Wikidata 3323:Archived 2944:(Report) 2816:26 April 2652:Wikidata 2648:42906272 2620:(1979). 2541:Archived 2355:(Report) 1935:16 March 1872:Panorama 1850:See also 1811:cyclones 1709:Source: 1663:Source: 1253:Buddhist 1225:, 20.0% 1192:Source: 977:de facto 918:Birkdale 787:Opaketai 737:Mangonui 725:Rongohau 709:Rongohau 694:Rongohau 598:Rongohau 522:Te Arawa 443:Highgate 391:Adelaide 312:Auckland 243:Birkdale 226:Birkdale 125:Auckland 4355:Onepoto 4284:Bayview 2842:12 July 2776:17 July 2513:30 June 2425:28 June 2359:30 June 2320:30 June 2134:29 June 1891:Chelsea 1713:Economy 1221:, 2.9% 1217:, 6.7% 1153:±% p.a. 910:Chelsea 882:in 1885 764:Chelsea 759:Wararoa 713:1860s. 675:Waikato 643:Waiohua 635:Te Taoū 506:Ngā Oho 456:History 322:of the 111:Country 4187: 4154: 4146: 4136: 4115: 4105: 3934: 3924: 3846: 3775: 3388:7 July 2878:18 May 2699: 2654: 2646: 2638: 2487:18 May 2449: 2396:17 May 2288:4 July 2117: 1249:Muslim 1215:Pākehā 1187:+1.79% 1184:10,536 1176:+0.51% 603:kāinga 595:, and 524:chief 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