89:, the preeminent West Frankish annals for the period: “Bjørn, leader of the faction of pirates of the Seine, pursuing King Charles came to the palace in Veberie, and giving him his hands, swore fidelity to him.” Bjørn had probably been offered tribute (
120:
Charles the Bald besieged Oissel late in 859 (actually 858). Since Bjørn is never again mentioned by name in the annals it is probable that he remained loyal to
Charles and did not rejoin the army that remained at the island stronghold. The
113:, in which the raising of tribute to pay off the Vikings is mentioned. Probably this refers to Bjørn and his men, since no other Vikings are known to have made their peace with the Franks at about this time.
54:
to pillage. On 19 August he was joined by a fleet commanded by Bjørn. Come winter Sidroc left
Frankish waters while Bjørn built a fortified camp on an island called
166:
Berno dux partis pyratarum
Sequanae insistentium ad Karlum regem in Vermeria palatio venit, eiusque se manibus dedens, fidelitatem suatim iurat
187:(“so that the kingdom which is being ransomed should be freed from this undeserved tribute”, trans. in Coupland, 104 n.101).
179:
207:
202:
97:(the giving of hands and swearing of fealty). In November the bishops of West Francia, meeting in a synod at
72:
177:
A. Boretius and V. Krause, edd., "Epistola synodi
Carisiacensis ad Hludowicum regem Germaniae directa",
94:
151:
Simon
Coupland (1998), "From Poachers to Gamekeepers: Scandinavian Warlords and Carolingian Kings",
85:
44:
106:
36:
70:, and the entire region showed little resistance to their movements throughout 857. (The
20:
196:
110:
40:
32:
79:
The surviving sources do not record Bjørn's reasons for visiting King
Charles at
51:
31:
chieftain. He is the earliest known
Scandinavian who was not a relative of the
67:
125:
confirm that
Charles only besieged the island after Bjørn's commendation.
90:
80:
76:, an important source for these events, incorrectly date them to 855.)
185:
Ut ... regnum quod contra eos redimitus, a tributo indebito eiripiantur
102:
98:
63:
59:
28:
50:
In July 856 a Viking chieftain named Sidroc entered the
35:
to enter the service of a
Frankish king, in his case
183:, Capitularia II (Hanover: 1897), c. 6, p. 430:
43:. He may be identified with the Swedish king
8:
147:
145:
143:
141:
139:
137:
62:. The Vikings proceeded to raid as far as
133:
101:, sent a letter, probably authored by
7:
93:) in return for submitting to the
83:early in 858. In the words of the
14:
1:
180:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
224:
118:Annales Fontanellenses
73:Annales Fontanellenses
24:
164:Coupland, 103 n.100:
153:Early Medieval Europe
208:9th-century Vikings
95:act of commendation
123:Annales Bertiniani
86:Annales Bertiniani
155:, 7 (1), 103–104.
116:According to the
215:
188:
175:
169:
162:
156:
149:
107:Louis the German
37:Charles the Bald
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
203:Viking warriors
193:
192:
191:
176:
172:
163:
159:
150:
135:
131:
12:
11:
5:
221:
219:
211:
210:
205:
195:
194:
190:
189:
170:
157:
132:
130:
127:
109:, the king of
45:Björn Ironside
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
220:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
186:
182:
181:
174:
171:
167:
161:
158:
154:
148:
146:
144:
142:
140:
138:
134:
128:
126:
124:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:
82:
77:
75:
74:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
184:
178:
173:
165:
160:
152:
122:
117:
115:
111:East Francia
84:
78:
71:
55:
49:
41:West Francia
33:Danish kings
16:
15:
58:, probably
52:River Seine
197:Categories
39:, king of
91:danegeld
81:Verberie
56:Oscellus
27:) was a
103:Hincmar
99:Quercy
68:Évreux
64:Bayeux
60:Oissel
29:Viking
129:Notes
105:, to
25:Berno
21:Latin
17:Bjørn
66:and
47:.
199::
136:^
23::
168:.
19:(
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