607:
28:
323:
464:
407:(died 1201/1202) pointedly remarks upon the low-status of the mothers of Norwegian monarchs. Such relationships offered young women an opportunity to produce a royal son, and thereby procure preferment for herself and her family. Whether the women concerned actually pursued such schemes themselves is uncertain, and it is possible that they were instead selected by the kings themselves or proffered by their own families. In any case, it is conceivable that Eysteinn and Bjaðǫk enjoyed the support of influential relatives who backed their claims. Despite his apparent
590:. Having gaining approval of such an assembly, a successful claimant would have sworn an oath to uphold the national law, whereupon he would have received an oath of allegiance from the assembly itself. Eysteinn and Haraldr gilli lived during a remarkable period of Norwegian history in which civil warring waged for nearly a century,
365:, in 1142 Eysteinn and Bjaðǫk were brought to Norway from west-over-sea by three prominent men of the realm: Árni sturla, Þorleifr Brynjólfsson, and Kolbeinn hrúga. Eysteinn was thence put forward as an adult son of Haraldr gilli who deserved a share of the kingdom. Once his claim was accepted, Eysteinn was recognised as
580:
illustrate that, although such claimants sometimes had to undergo ordeals to prove their paternity, the testimony of their foreign mothers also carried weight in the final decision. Nevertheless, not only did claimants to throne need to prove their paternity, they needed to also gain the acceptance of an assembled
750:
Scandinavian sources relevant to
Haraldr gilli reveal that he was regarded as a foreigner by Norwegians. Specifically, he is stated to have spoken the Norwegians' native language poorly. This suggests that Haraldr gilli's own native language was Gaelic. Both Eysteinn and his grandfather, Haraldr
579:
Since
Haraldr gilli's mother evidently travelled with him to Norway, and Sigurðr Jórsalafari is known to have spent time in Ireland as a child, it is possible that Sigurðr Jórsalafari recognised her as a former lover of his father. The accounts of Eysteinn's father gaining royal recognition
479:
The story of how
Eysteinn's father came to the kingship is similar to that of Eysteinn. At some point in the 1120s, Haraldr gilli arrived in Norway claiming to be a brother of the reigning king. The tale of Haraldr gilli's accession is preserved in several sources. According to
634:—a king who seemingly corresponds to Haraldr gilli himself. Although there is no way to confirm the claim itself, such a union is not implausible, and may correspond to the relationship between Bjaðǫk and Haraldr gilli. Certainly, Somairle himself had a daughter named
594:. No less than forty-six candidates emerged seeking recognition as king during this period. Although twenty-four of these candidates succeeded, only two gained royal authority throughout the realm. In fact, only one king from this period, Ingi, was the
450:
in 1154. Nicholas also apparently favoured Ingi as king over
Eysteinn and Sigurðr munnr. Guðrøðr's cooperation with Ingi, therefore, could have been undertaken in the context of avoiding having to deal with Eysteinn and his seemingly
92:
woman, and claimed to be the son of an earlier king. The claims of Bjaðǫk and
Eysteinn were accepted, and the latter went on to rule as king for fifteen years. Bjaðǫk's name could to be an
751:
gilli, were noted to have been darker than their peers. For example, appearance (including his dark hair and eyes) is noted; whilst
Eysteinn's dark and curly hair is contrasted with the
524:, Haraldr gilli was originally from Ireland, and both he and his mother were subsequently conveyed to Norway by Hallkell húkr, who presented them to Magnús' reigning son,
3085:
3828:
399:
Overseas sexual encounters between
Norwegian royals and foreign women was evidently not an uncommon occurrence at the time. Certainly, the thirteenth-century
627:
418:
One episode that may have bearing on
Eysteinn's Gaelic heritage is his raiding expedition along the eastern British coast in about 1151. At about this time,
101:
560:
3108:
2636:
3823:
626:
According to a much later tradition, dated to turn of the twentieth century and perhaps as early as the late eighteenth century, the grandfather of
2374:
3833:
3798:
3214:
3808:
3803:
3209:
3149:
2764:
2698:
2517:
2432:
2350:
2323:
2133:
1912:
1885:
1823:
606:
495:
27:
3813:
1877:
3427:
3078:
576:. The latter source further states that it was believed that Haraldr gilli was divinely aided since he emerged from his ordeal unburnt.
81:
651:
2261:
3022:
Legends and
Landscape: Articles Based on Plenary Papers Presented at the 5th Celtic-Nordic-Baltic Folklore Symposium, Reykjavík, 2005
2794:
2540:
1854:
322:
100:
name, and she may well have been a member of a prominent family. According to modern tradition, Haraldr gilli's wife was an aunt of
381:
give similar accounts although these sources do not identify Bjaðǫk by name. In fact, her name appears to correspond to either the
490:, a Norwegian baron named Hallkell húkr voyaged from Norway to the Isles where he encountered Haraldr gilli and his mother. Named
2909:
2689:
Magnúsdóttir, A (2013). "Kingship, Women and
Politics in Morkinskinna". In Esmark, K; Hermanson, L; Orning, HJ; Helle, V (eds.).
1747:
84:. In the first half of the twelfth century, Eysteinn was brought to Norway and claimed to be the son of his royal predecessor,
2149:
The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of Other Countries of Europe, From A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201
1707:
3071:
2943:
2581:
419:
2257:
Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles
2126:
Theodoricus Monachus, Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium: An Account of the Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings
3199:
2315:
443:
338:
85:
3377:
3245:
2046:
3020:
Shaw, J (2008). "'Gaelic/Norse Folklore Contacts' and Oral Traditions From the West of Scotland". In Gunnell, T (ed.).
2314:(PhD thesis). Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies.
3033:
Taylor, AB (1965). "Eysteinn Haraldsson in the West, c. 1151: Oral Traditions and Written Record". In Small, A (ed.).
3025:
3341:
3154:
2941:
Sayers, W (1991). "Clontarf, and the Irish Destinies of Sigurðr Digri, Earl of Orkney, and Þorsteinn Síðu-Hallsson".
635:
2718:
2277:
764:
In fact, a piece of poetry ascribed to Magnús refers to an Irish lover, and declares that Magnús left his heart in
2759:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill.
2345:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill.
3684:
3442:
3174:
3169:
2427:. Viking Society for Northern Research Text Series (2nd ed.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
2287:
Corpvs Poeticvm Boreale: The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue, From the Earliest Times to the Thirteenth Century
1904:
2782:
525:
202:
3818:
3752:
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3204:
2532:
2116:
1815:
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1739:
1957:
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595:
591:
1845:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden:
3510:
3392:
3224:
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655:
3628:
3584:
3189:
3094:
2281:
3471:
136:
463:
355:
3659:
3326:
3301:
3219:
3164:
3128:
2889:'The King is Dead': The Thanatology of Kings in the Old Norse Synoptic Histories of Norway, 1035–1161
2811:
554:, where he revealed to Kali his parentage, as a descendant of Magnús and an Isleswoman. According to
482:
447:
431:
3516:
3482:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3270:
2634:
Larrington, C (2009). "Queens and Bodies: The Norwegian Translated lais and Hákon IV's Kinswomen".
334:
327:
301:
120:
69:
33:
3265:
2128:. Viking Society for Northern Research Text Series. London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
411:
background, however, there is no hint of Eysteinn's interest in his homeland after his arrival in
3679:
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3569:
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2411:
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1982:
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2704:
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2428:
2403:
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2319:
2129:
2110:
1949:
1908:
1881:
1860:
1850:
1829:
1819:
1785:
1771:
1733:
765:
638:. Nevertheless, the notion of an affiliation with Somairle's family postdates the printing of
423:
350:
64:
123:, and their kinship with contemporary Norwegian kings. Women are italicised and highlighted.
3669:
3607:
3531:
3437:
3382:
3275:
2914:
2645:
2590:
2559:
2490:
2387:
2232:
2185:
2032:
1986:
1961:
1846:
675:
Since the 1980s, Bjaðǫk has been variously known in English scholarly secondary sources as:
404:
382:
342:
287:
97:
3311:
3762:
3747:
3719:
3714:
3689:
3674:
3654:
3498:
3492:
3407:
2858:"Meeting in Norway: Norse-Gaelic Relations in the Kingdom of Man and the Isles, 1090–1270"
2291:
2265:
2242:
2213:
2056:
2015:
1996:
1937:
1918:
569:
542:
472:
427:
346:
294:
38:
2147:
1843:
Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway: A Translation with Introduction and Notes
2226:
2207:
2165:
3777:
3742:
3633:
3487:
3477:
3255:
3250:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3113:
2442:
Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171".
2369:
2285:
2231:. Norske historiske kildeskriftfonds skrifter,9. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel.
2175:
1800:
631:
516:
435:
366:
2425:Ágrip af Nóregskonungasǫgum: A Twelfth-Century Synoptic History of the Kings of Norway
3792:
3772:
3757:
3729:
3612:
3597:
3549:
3412:
2681:
2415:
2255:
2179:
2090:
2050:
2009:
1976:
1931:
1755:
468:
209:
116:
57:
1717:
3767:
3592:
3422:
3240:
3194:
2980:
2716:
McDonald, RA; McLean, SA (1992). "Somerled of Argyll: A New Look at Old Problems".
2237:
2161:
2031:. Samfund til Udgivelse af Gammel Nordisk Litteratur. Copenhagen: Háskóli Íslands.
547:
452:
377:
361:
3397:
3306:
2933:
2579:
Jochens, JM (1987). "The Politics of Reproduction: Medieval Norwegian Kingship".
2196:
1897:
1812:
Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030–1157)
3260:
3042:
Thornton, DE (1997). "Hey, Mac! The Name Maccus, Tenth to Fifteenth Centuries".
612:
573:
540:. Some years before his arrival, whilst only a teenager, the thirteenth-century
412:
2080:
2069:
1789:
642:, which could suggest that this source spawned ideas of a familial connection.
3554:
3037:. Aberdeen University Studies. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. pp. 119–134.
2563:
2391:
2153:
1712:
415:. Eysteinn jointly ruled as king with his brothers until the end of his life.
371:
3055:
3004:
2996:
2964:
2956:
2918:
2878:
2840:
2832:
2774:
2739:
2731:
2708:
2665:
2657:
2610:
2602:
2571:
2465:
2457:
2407:
2399:
2360:
2333:
1864:
3737:
3602:
3564:
3504:
3387:
2903:
2865:
2269:
2246:
2217:
2019:
2000:
1941:
1922:
752:
93:
2626:
2309:
2060:
610:
The names of Bjaðǫk and Eysteinn as they appear on folio 56v of AM 47 fol (
3638:
3544:
3521:
3417:
3402:
3316:
2757:
Unpredictability and Presence: Norwegian Kingship in the High Middle Ages
658:(died 1119). She was married to Sigurðr Jórsalafari whilst still a child.
3063:
3012:
2972:
2848:
2805:
2747:
2673:
2473:
3574:
3539:
3458:
3367:
2649:
2618:
582:
551:
2495:
2037:
1991:
1966:
442:
in 1154. The latter was instrumental in the creation of the Norwegian
3372:
722:
503:
2594:
2085:. Vol. 3. Inverness: The Northern Counties Publishing Company.
2074:. Vol. 1. Inverness: The Northern Counties Publishing Company.
1956:. Samfund til Udgivelse af Gammel Nordisk Litteratur. Copenhagen:
605:
462:
408:
321:
89:
2887:
2693:. Medieval Law and its Practice. Leiden: Brill. pp. 83–106.
2260:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London:
80:
was a twelfth-century woman purported to have been the mother of
2550:
Jochens, J (1999). "Race and Ethnicity in the Old Norse World".
1833:
494:
by the saga, Haraldr gilli told Hallkell húkr that he was a son
439:
3067:
568:
respectively, Sigurðr Jórsalafari had Haraldr gilli undergo an
341:(died 1136). Following Haraldr gilli's death, two of his sons,
729:- was common in Gaelic personal names. Other examples include
446:, an ecclesiastical jurisdiction that officially included the
2819:
Power, R (1986). "Magnus Barelegs' Expeditions to the West".
104:, although whether this tradition is authentic is uncertain.
2508:. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Turnhout:
2209:
Heimskringla; Eller, Norges Kongesagaer af Snorre Sturlasson
2055:. Vol. 3. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
430:
to Ingi. Guðrøðr's Scandinavian stay coincided with that of
2343:
St. Magnús of Orkney: A Scandinavian Martyr-Cult in Context
2807:
Anglo-Scandinavian Literature and the Post-Conquest Period
630:(died 1164), Gilla Adamnáin, had a daughter who married a
564:, after Haraldr gilli's arrival in Norway from Ireland or
536:
give similar accounts, with the latter source calling him
2184:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 3.
2052:
The Heimskringla; or, Chronicle of the Kings of Norway
2506:
Poetry From the Kings' Sagas 2: From c.1035 to c.1300
48:". The excerpt describes Bjaðǫk as Eysteinn's mother.
1799:
Anderson, J; Hjaltalin, JA; Goudie, G, eds. (1873).
3728:
3647:
3621:
3583:
3530:
3451:
3360:
3294:
3233:
3142:
3101:
1791:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
737:. It is apparent that such names were shortened to
63:
53:
20:
2902:
2228:Codex Frisianus: En Samling Af Norske Konge-Sagaer
1896:
572:in which the latter was to walk upon nine red-hot
115:Simplified pedigree illustrating the parentage of
2983:(1966). "The Origins and Ancestry of Somerled".
741:by Scandinavian settlers in Britain and Ireland.
514:, an Old Norse form of the Gaelic personal name
2370:"Gaelic Words and Names in the Icelandic Sagas"
617:
432:Nicholas Breakspeare, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
359:within the thirteenth-century saga-compilation
43:
498:(died 1103), and that another name of his was
326:Nineteenth-century depiction of Bjaðǫk's son,
3079:
3035:The Fourth Viking Congress, York, August 1961
708:Sigurðr munnr and Ingi had different mothers.
8:
2913:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2691:Disputing Strategies in Medieval Scandinavia
2170:. Vol. 2. Oslo: I.M. Stenersens Forlag.
1899:Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway
656:Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland
628:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles
102:Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, King of the Isles
2483:Ireland and the Irish Sea Region, 1014–1318
561:Historia de antiquitate regum Norwagiensium
3086:
3072:
3064:
2311:Categorizing Otherness in the Kings' Sagas
2124:McDougall, D; McDougall, I, eds. (2006) .
1212:
1210:
1129:
1127:
1125:
422:(died 1187), son and heir of the reigning
111:
36:as they appear on folio 73r of AM 45 fol (
26:
17:
2637:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
2494:
2236:
2036:
1990:
1965:
884:
882:
546:indicates that Haraldr gilli encountered
1574:
1572:
2910:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1810:Andersson, TM; Gade, KE, eds. (2012) .
1794:. Vol. 2. London: Oliver and Boyd.
780:
668:
3215:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
2108:
1769:
1731:
88:. The latter was himself the son of a
305:
300:
298:
293:
291:
286:
262:
250:
234:
224:
222:
220:
215:
208:
206:
201:
187:
185:
183:
181:
179:
173:
161:
151:
149:
147:
142:
135:
133:
131:
7:
3829:People from the Kingdom of the Isles
2375:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie
2181:Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene
2014:. Oslo: Julius Thømtes Boktrykkeri.
1878:Viking Society for Northern Research
1872:Finlay, A; Faulkes, A, eds. (2015).
817:
815:
337:(died 1157) was a son of Bjaðǫk and
1805:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.
755:of his half-brother, Sigurðr munnr.
526:Sigurðr Jórsalafari, King of Norway
82:Eysteinn Haraldsson, King of Norway
1978:Heimskringla: Nóregs Konunga Sögur
1385:Anderson; Hjaltalin; Goudie (1873)
14:
619:Biaðǫk het moðir Eysteins konvngs
3428:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
3342:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
2212:. Oslo: Brøgger & Christie.
1936:. Copenhagen: Aug. Frid. Stein.
467:Nineteenth-century depiction of
3824:Mistresses of Norwegian royalty
2755:Orning, HJ; Crozier, A (2008).
2262:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
496:Magnús berfættr, King of Norway
369:. The thirteenth-century texts
349:(died 1161), jointly ruled the
2582:The American Historical Review
1954:Fagrskinna: Nóregs Kononga Tal
1933:Antiquitates Celto-Normannicae
1874:Snorri Sturluson: Heimskringla
1495:pp. 95, 95 n. 39, 139 n. 176;
426:, visited Norway and rendered
1:
3834:Mothers of Norwegian monarchs
3799:12th-century Norwegian people
2316:University of Eastern Finland
1748:"AM 47 Fol (E) – Eirspennill"
339:Haraldr gilli, King of Norway
86:Haraldr gilli, King of Norway
3809:12th-century Scottish people
3804:12th-century Norwegian women
2934:UK public library membership
1895:Hollander, LM, ed. (2011) .
3814:12th-century Scottish women
3190:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
3026:University of Iceland Press
1634:MacDonald; MacDonald (1904)
1630:MacDonald; MacDonald (1896)
1443:pp. 53 ch. 34, 114 n. 324;
1441:McDougall; McDougall (2006)
1415:pp. 171–172, 172–173 n. 2;
502:. In fact, Haraldr gilli's
458:
3850:
3730:Associated clans and septs
2985:Scottish Historical Review
2821:Scottish Historical Review
2719:Scottish Historical Review
2529:Women in Old Norse Society
2423:Driscoll, MJ, ed. (2008).
2254:Vigfusson, G, ed. (1887).
1930:Johnstone, J, ed. (1786).
652:Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir
558:, and the twelfth-century
3210:Margaret, Queen of Norway
3170:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
2789:. Dublin: Academy Press.
2564:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300830
2392:10.1515/zcph.1897.1.1.439
1905:University of Texas Press
1285:Ó Corráin; Maguire (1981)
280:
278:
274:
272:
270:
260:
256:
248:
244:
242:
240:
213:
195:
177:
175:
171:
167:
140:
45:Biaðak het moðir Eysteins
25:
3205:Margaret, Maid of Norway
3155:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
2533:Cornell University Press
2027:Jónsson, F, ed. (1932).
2008:Jónsson, F, ed. (1916).
1975:Jónsson, F, ed. (1911).
1816:Cornell University Press
1606:
1545:Vigfusson; Powell (1883)
1407:pp. 341, 342–343 n. 61;
791:
510:—is a shortened form of
32:The names of Bjaðǫk and
3281:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
3200:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
2487:Trinity College, Dublin
2290:. Vol. 2. Oxford:
2238:2027/hvd.32044084740760
2225:Unger, CR, ed. (1871).
2206:Unger, CR, ed. (1868).
2152:. Vol. 2. London:
1876:. Vol. 3. London:
1841:Finlay, A, ed. (2004).
1685:
1673:
1670:McDonald; McLean (1992)
1669:
1665:
1653:
1649:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:McDonald; McLean (1992)
1621:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1563:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1428:
1427:pp. 691–692 ch. 34/33;
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1259:pp. 691–692 ch. 34/33;
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1204:pp. 341, 342–343 n. 61.
1201:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1116:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
984:
980:
976:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
912:
900:
888:
873:
869:
857:
845:
833:
821:
807:McDonald; McLean (1992)
806:
787:
618:
475:to prove his paternity.
444:Archdiocese of Niðaróss
353:as kings. According to
44:
3225:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
2504:Gade, KE, ed. (2009).
2201:. Oslo: B. M. Bentzen.
2011:Eirspennill: Am 47 Fol
1591:Orning; Crozier (2008)
1397:Finlay; Faulkes (2015)
1333:Andersson; Gade (2012)
1217:Finlay; Faulkes (2015)
1021:Finlay; Faulkes (2015)
997:Andersson; Gade (2012)
925:Finlay; Faulkes (2015)
623:
586:in a process known as
476:
459:Eysteinn's grandmother
331:
317:
108:Norwegian royal family
3629:Scottish island names
3452:Artifacts and culture
3129:Mormaers of Caithness
3095:Scandinavian Scotland
2904:"Adrian IV (d. 1159)"
2787:Gaelic Personal Names
2785:; Maguire, F (1981).
2341:Antonsson, H (2007).
2079:MacDonald, A (1904).
2068:MacDonald, A (1896).
1814:. Islandica. Ithaca:
1754:. n.d. Archived from
1716:. n.d. Archived from
609:
466:
325:
3648:Battles and treaties
3302:Kingdom of the Isles
3220:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
3175:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
3165:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
2944:Scandinavian Studies
2919:10.1093/ref:odnb/173
2886:Salvucci, G (2005).
2812:University of Oxford
2368:Craigie, WA (1897).
2115:: CS1 maint: year (
1776:: CS1 maint: year (
1738:: CS1 maint: year (
1423:pp. 562–563 ch. 26;
1419:pp. 547–548 ch. 26;
1403:pp. 707–708 ch. 26;
1315:pp. 257–258 ch. 93;
1255:pp. 562–563 ch. 26;
1251:pp. 547–548 ch. 26;
963:pp. 737–738 ch. 13;
959:pp. 599–600 ch. 13;
931:pp. 749–750 ch. 13;
725:". The name-element
448:Diocese of the Isles
3517:St Magnus Cathedral
3393:Cubbie Roo's Castle
3337:Davidian Revolution
3180:Helga Moddansdóttir
3150:Aud the Deep-Minded
3028:. pp. 235–272.
2901:Sayers, JE (2004).
2804:Parker, EC (2012).
2527:Jochens, J (1995).
2095:The Skaldic Project
1802:The Orkneyinga Saga
1431:pp. 191–193 ch. 33.
1399:p. 162–163 ch. 26;
1263:pp. 191–193 ch. 33.
1239:pp. 342–343 n. 61;
1219:p. 162–163 ch. 26;
1093:Magnúsdóttir (2013)
538:Haraldr Gillikristr
335:Eysteinn Haraldsson
328:Eysteinn Haraldsson
203:Sigurðr Jórsalafari
121:Eysteinn Haraldsson
70:Eysteinn Haraldsson
34:Eysteinn Haraldsson
3511:Sen dollotar Ulaid
3465:Chronicles of Mann
3185:Ingeborg of Norway
2650:10.1353/egp.0.0074
2510:Brepols Publishers
2167:Norges Kongesagaer
1983:G.E.C. Gads Forlag
1758:on 26 January 2016
1720:on 18 January 2016
1405:Jochens, JM (1987)
1377:Jochens, JM (1987)
1355:pp. 172–173 n. 2;
1319:pp. 172–173 n. 2;
1237:Jochens, JM (1987)
1202:Jochens, JM (1987)
1117:Jochens, JM (1987)
1105:Jochens, JM (1987)
1073:Jochens, JM (1987)
858:Jochens, JM (1987)
721:means "servant of
624:
477:
455:or Hebridean kin.
332:
3786:
3785:
3753:Macaulay of Lewis
3286:Thorstein the Red
3234:Other notable men
2932:(Subscription or
2894:Durham University
2856:Power, R (2005).
2766:978-90-04-16661-5
2700:978-90-04-22159-8
2519:978-2-503-51897-8
2481:Duffy, S (1993).
2434:978-0-903521-75-8
2352:978-90-04-15580-0
2325:978-952-61-0238-2
2308:Aalto, S (2010).
2301:Secondary sources
2186:Longman & Co.
2135:978-0-903521-40-6
1914:978-0-292-73061-8
1887:978-0-903521-93-2
1825:978-0-8014-7783-6
1579:Jochens, J (1995)
1564:Jochens, J (1995)
1505:Jochens, J (1999)
1455:pp. 172–173 n. 2.
1387:pp. 75–76 ch. 50.
1373:Jochens, J (1995)
1233:Jochens, J (1995)
1162:Sayers, JE (2004)
1146:Sayers, JE (2004)
1101:Jochens, J (1995)
1097:Larrington (2009)
846:Jochens, J (1999)
592:from 1130 to 1240
424:King of the Isles
318:Eysteinn's mother
315:
314:
311:
310:
75:
74:
3841:
3443:St Magnus Church
3438:Scar boat burial
3383:Brough of Birsay
3276:Sweyn Asleifsson
3271:Ragnall ua Ímair
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3038:
3029:
3016:
2976:
2937:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2906:
2897:
2882:
2862:
2852:
2815:
2800:
2778:
2751:
2712:
2685:
2630:
2575:
2546:
2523:
2500:
2498:
2477:
2438:
2419:
2364:
2337:
2295:
2273:
2250:
2240:
2221:
2202:
2188:
2171:
2157:
2139:
2120:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2086:
2075:
2064:
2042:
2040:
2023:
2004:
1994:
1971:
1969:
1945:
1926:
1902:
1891:
1868:
1837:
1806:
1795:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1743:
1737:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1638:Johnstone (1786)
1619:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1501:Antonsson (2007)
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1469:Sayers, W (1991)
1462:
1456:
1438:
1432:
1401:Hollander (2011)
1394:
1388:
1381:Vigfusson (1887)
1366:
1360:
1330:
1324:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1221:Hollander (2011)
1214:
1205:
1198:Antonsson (2007)
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1090:
1084:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1038:
1032:
1018:
1012:
994:
988:
974:
968:
937:Antonsson (2007)
929:Hollander (2011)
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
877:
870:Hollander (2011)
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
810:
804:
798:
785:
769:
762:
756:
748:
742:
715:
709:
706:
700:
673:
654:, a daughter of
621:
434:(died 1159), an
420:Guðrøðr Óláfsson
405:Roger de Hoveden
356:Haraldssona saga
345:(died 1155) and
129:
128:
112:
47:
30:
18:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3819:Clann Somhairle
3789:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3724:
3720:Treaty of Perth
3643:
3617:
3579:
3526:
3499:Orkneyinga saga
3493:Manx runestones
3447:
3433:Rubha an Dùnain
3408:Kirkwall Castle
3378:Bishop's Palace
3356:
3290:
3229:
3138:
3124:Lords of Argyll
3114:Earls of Orkney
3097:
3092:
3062:
3041:
3032:
3019:
2979:
2940:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2900:
2885:
2860:
2855:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2781:
2767:
2754:
2715:
2701:
2688:
2633:
2595:10.2307/1866620
2578:
2549:
2543:
2526:
2520:
2503:
2480:
2441:
2435:
2422:
2367:
2353:
2340:
2326:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2292:Clarendon Press
2284:, eds. (1883).
2276:
2253:
2224:
2205:
2191:
2174:
2160:
2142:
2136:
2123:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2082:The Clan Donald
2078:
2071:The Clan Donald
2067:
2045:
2026:
2007:
1974:
1958:Háskóli Íslands
1948:
1929:
1915:
1894:
1888:
1871:
1857:
1840:
1826:
1809:
1798:
1784:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1752:Skaldic Project
1746:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1702:
1700:Primary sources
1697:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1664:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1620:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1497:Driscoll (2008)
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1453:Anderson (1922)
1447:p. 257 n. 759;
1439:
1435:
1413:Anderson (1922)
1395:
1391:
1367:
1363:
1353:Anderson (1922)
1347:p. 257 n. 759;
1335:p. 352 ch. 76;
1331:
1327:
1317:Anderson (1922)
1307:
1303:
1297:Thornton (1997)
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1273:Thornton (1997)
1271:
1267:
1245:Anderson (1922)
1229:Salvucci (2005)
1223:p. 707 ch. 26;
1215:
1208:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1091:
1087:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1051:
1045:Anderson (1922)
1039:
1035:
1019:
1015:
1007:p. 440 ch. 80;
1001:Salvucci (2005)
999:p. 389 ch. 95;
995:
991:
983:p. 269 ch. 99;
977:Salvucci (2005)
975:
971:
955:p. 581 ch. 13;
949:Anderson (1922)
941:Salvucci (2005)
927:p. 197 ch. 13;
923:
919:
913:Driscoll (2008)
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
880:
872:p. 766 ch. 32;
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
813:
805:
801:
786:
782:
778:
773:
772:
763:
759:
749:
745:
716:
712:
707:
703:
674:
670:
665:
648:
604:
602:Later tradition
598:son of a king.
556:Magnússona saga
550:(died 1158) at
543:Orkneyinga saga
522:Magnússona saga
520:. According to
483:Magnússona saga
461:
351:Norwegian realm
320:
137:Magnús berfættr
110:
49:
39:Codex Frisianus
12:
11:
5:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3715:Treaty of 1098
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3634:Northern Isles
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3488:Lewis chessmen
3485:
3480:
3478:Galloway Hoard
3475:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Outer Hebrides
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Gall-Ghàidheil
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3256:Olaf the White
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Crovan dynasty
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3061:
3060:
3039:
3030:
3017:
2991:(2): 123–142.
2977:
2951:(2): 164–186.
2938:
2898:
2892:(PhD thesis).
2883:
2853:
2827:(2): 107–132.
2816:
2810:(PhD thesis).
2801:
2795:
2779:
2765:
2752:
2713:
2699:
2686:
2644:(4): 506–527.
2631:
2589:(2): 327–349.
2576:
2547:
2541:
2524:
2518:
2501:
2485:(PhD thesis).
2478:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2365:
2351:
2338:
2324:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2274:
2251:
2222:
2203:
2195:, ed. (1867).
2189:
2178:, ed. (1870).
2172:
2164:, ed. (1899).
2158:
2146:, ed. (1853).
2140:
2134:
2121:
2091:"Mberf Lv 6II"
2087:
2076:
2065:
2049:, ed. (1844).
2043:
2024:
2005:
1981:. Copenhagen:
1972:
1952:, ed. (1903).
1946:
1927:
1913:
1903:. Austin, TX:
1892:
1886:
1869:
1855:
1838:
1824:
1807:
1796:
1788:, ed. (1922).
1782:
1744:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1658:
1642:
1614:
1603:Jónsson (1916)
1595:
1583:
1568:
1556:
1539:p. 111 n. 90;
1525:
1513:
1485:
1473:
1457:
1433:
1417:Jónsson (1911)
1389:
1383:p. 95 ch. 62;
1379:p. 342 n. 60;
1361:
1351:p. 391 ch. 6;
1349:Jónsson (1932)
1325:
1323:p. 334 ch. 78.
1321:Jónsson (1903)
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1249:Jónsson (1911)
1206:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1150:
1138:
1121:
1109:
1085:
1065:
1049:
1033:
1029:Craigie (1897)
1013:
1005:Jónsson (1932)
989:
987:p. 351 ch. 84.
985:Jónsson (1903)
969:
967:p. 252 ch. 13.
953:Jónsson (1911)
917:
905:
893:
878:
862:
850:
838:
826:
811:
799:
790:p. 336 ch. 1;
779:
777:
774:
771:
770:
757:
743:
710:
701:
667:
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
647:
644:
632:Norwegian king
603:
600:
471:undergoing an
460:
457:
319:
316:
313:
312:
309:
307:
306:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
284:
283:
281:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
267:
264:
263:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
241:
239:
237:
235:
232:
231:
229:
226:
225:
223:
221:
219:
214:
212:
207:
205:
199:
198:
196:
194:
192:
189:
188:
186:
184:
182:
180:
178:
176:
174:
172:
170:
168:
166:
164:
162:
159:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
148:
146:
141:
139:
134:
132:
125:
124:
109:
106:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
31:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3846:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3613:Old Norwegian
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Law Ting Holm
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:Linton Chapel
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Páll Bálkason
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:Notable women
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:List of kings
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3024:. Reykjavik:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2796:0-906187-39-7
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2726:(1–2): 3–22.
2725:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2542:0-8014-3165-4
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:90-04-13172-8
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:Sellar (1966)
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:Sellar (1966)
1652:p. 21 n. 20;
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:Sellar (1966)
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1543:p. 117 n. 1;
1542:
1538:
1535:p. 38 n. 38;
1534:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:Taylor (1965)
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:Sellar (1966)
1446:
1445:Finlay (2004)
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:Sellar (1966)
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:Parker (2012)
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:Finlay (2004)
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:Finlay (2004)
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:pp. 171–172;
1246:
1242:
1241:Sellar (1966)
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1119:pp. 335, 349.
1118:
1113:
1110:
1107:pp. 335, 349.
1106:
1102:
1099:pp. 512–513;
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Stubbs (1870)
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:Sellar (1966)
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:p. 130 n. 1;
1042:
1041:Sellar (1966)
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:p. 21 n. 20;
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
982:
981:Finlay (2004)
978:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:pp. 204–205;
950:
947:pp. 129–130;
946:
945:Sellar (1966)
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
918:
915:p. 107 n. 60.
914:
909:
906:
902:
901:Taylor (1965)
897:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
835:
830:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
796:
794:
789:
784:
781:
775:
767:
761:
758:
754:
747:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:Gilla Patráic
728:
724:
720:
714:
711:
705:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
672:
669:
662:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
620:
615:
614:
608:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:
539:
535:
531:
528:(died 1130).
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:
474:
470:
469:Haraldr gilli
465:
456:
454:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
343:Sigurðr munnr
340:
336:
329:
324:
308:
303:
296:
289:
288:Sigurðr munnr
285:
282:
276:
268:
266:
265:
258:
254:
252:
246:
238:
236:
233:
230:
228:
227:
218:
211:
210:Haraldr gilli
204:
200:
197:
193:
191:
190:
169:
165:
163:
160:
157:
155:
154:
145:
144:unknown woman
138:
130:
127:
126:
122:
118:
117:Haraldr gilli
114:
113:
107:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
68:
66:
62:
59:
58:Haraldr gilli
56:
52:
46:
41:
40:
35:
29:
24:
19:
16:
3593:Middle Irish
3509:
3497:
3472:Darraðarljóð
3470:
3463:
3423:Old Scatness
3241:Caittil Find
3195:Isabel Bruce
3159:
3047:
3043:
3034:
3021:
2988:
2984:
2948:
2942:
2924:11 September
2922:. Retrieved
2908:
2888:
2870:
2864:
2824:
2820:
2806:
2786:
2783:Ó Corráin, D
2756:
2723:
2717:
2690:
2641:
2635:
2586:
2580:
2555:
2551:
2528:
2505:
2482:
2449:
2443:
2424:
2379:
2373:
2342:
2310:
2286:
2278:Vigfusson, G
2256:
2227:
2208:
2198:Morkinskinna
2197:
2180:
2166:
2148:
2125:
2099:. Retrieved
2094:
2081:
2070:
2051:
2029:Morkinskinna
2028:
2010:
1977:
1953:
1932:
1898:
1873:
1842:
1811:
1801:
1790:
1786:Anderson, AO
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1751:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1711:
1688:p. 21 n. 20.
1686:Power (2005)
1681:
1676:pp. 129–130.
1666:Power (2005)
1661:
1656:pp. 129–130.
1650:Power (2005)
1645:
1617:
1607:
1598:
1586:
1559:
1550:Mberf Lv 6II
1549:
1547:p. 247 § 3;
1541:Power (1986)
1537:Duffy (1992)
1533:Duffy (1993)
1528:
1521:Power (2005)
1516:
1493:Aalto (2010)
1488:
1476:
1465:Aalto (2010)
1460:
1436:
1429:Laing (1844)
1425:Unger (1868)
1421:Storm (1899)
1392:
1364:
1357:Unger (1867)
1341:Power (2005)
1337:Aalto (2010)
1328:
1309:Aalto (2010)
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1261:Laing (1844)
1257:Unger (1868)
1253:Storm (1899)
1225:Aalto (2010)
1193:
1186:Storm (1899)
1181:
1174:Power (2005)
1169:
1158:Power (2005)
1153:
1141:
1134:Power (2005)
1112:
1088:
1081:Riley (1853)
1068:
1057:Power (2005)
1052:
1047:p. 205 n. 1.
1036:
1025:Power (2005)
1016:
1009:Unger (1867)
992:
972:
965:Laing (1844)
961:Unger (1868)
957:Storm (1899)
920:
908:
896:
874:Storm (1899)
865:
853:
841:
834:Power (2005)
829:
802:
792:
788:Unger (1871)
783:
760:
746:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
713:
704:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
640:Heimskringla
639:
625:
611:
588:konungstekja
587:
581:
578:
574:ploughshares
565:
559:
555:
548:Kali Kolsson
541:
537:
534:Morkinskinna
533:
529:
521:
515:
511:
507:
499:
491:
488:Heimskringla
487:
481:
478:
417:
400:
398:
393:
389:
385:
378:Morkinskinna
376:
370:
362:Heimskringla
360:
354:
333:
216:
143:
77:
76:
37:
15:
3710:Vestrajǫrðr
3685:Isle of Man
3361:Archaeology
3261:Olvir Rosta
2981:Sellar, WDH
1708:"AM 45 Fol"
1499:pp. 78–79;
1481:Shaw (2008)
1375:pp. 96–97;
1235:pp. 96–97;
933:Gade (2009)
889:Gade (2009)
822:Gade (2009)
719:Gilla Críst
613:Eirspennill
517:Gilla Críst
512:Gillikristr
492:Gillikristr
438:who became
413:Scandinavia
3793:Categories
3763:MacDougall
3758:Mac Coitir
3660:Brunanburh
3555:Lunnasting
2936:required.)
2558:: 79–104.
2531:. Ithaca:
2496:2262/77137
2452:: 93–133.
2282:Powell, FY
2154:H. G. Bohn
2101:29 October
2038:10802/4986
1992:10802/5008
1967:10802/4969
1950:Jónsson, F
1762:23 January
1724:16 January
1713:Handrit.is
1695:References
1566:pp. 96–97.
1299:pp. 81–82.
1136:pp. 21–22.
596:legitimate
530:Fagrskinna
436:Englishman
372:Fagrskinna
96:form of a
3778:MacDonald
3748:Somhairle
3622:Etymology
3603:Old Norse
3565:Sandsting
3505:Ounceland
3398:Earl's Bu
3388:Camas Uig
3307:Dál Riata
3246:Ingimundr
3056:0141-6340
3050:: 67–98.
3005:0036-9241
2997:1750-0222
2965:0036-5637
2957:2163-8195
2879:0305-9219
2866:Saga-Book
2841:0036-9241
2833:1750-0222
2775:1569-1462
2740:0036-9241
2732:1750-0222
2709:1873-8176
2682:162283754
2666:0363-6941
2658:1945-662X
2611:0002-8762
2603:1937-5239
2572:0083-5897
2466:0332-0758
2458:2009-0056
2416:165431584
2408:0084-5302
2400:1865-889X
2361:1569-1462
2334:1798-5757
2270:16401290M
2247:23385970M
2218:18762756M
2193:Unger, CR
2176:Stubbs, W
2144:Riley, HT
2020:18620939M
2001:25104622M
1942:21776678M
1923:25845717M
1865:1569-1462
1608:AM 47 Fol
793:AM 45 Fol
776:Citations
753:fair hair
735:Gilla Ísu
717:The name
486:, within
94:Old Norse
3773:Macruari
3743:Uí Ímair
3680:Epiphany
3665:Clontarf
3639:Hebrides
3585:Language
3570:Tingwall
3545:Dingwall
3532:Althings
3522:Udal law
3483:Hogbacks
3418:Maeshowe
3403:Jarlshof
3347:Scotland
3332:Shetland
3317:Lochlann
3251:Ljótólfr
3134:Uí Ímair
3013:25528658
2973:40919258
2873:: 5–66.
2849:25530199
2748:25530531
2674:20722773
2627:11621264
2474:30007421
2162:Storm, G
2111:cite web
2061:6913111M
2047:Laing, S
1834:99-43299
1772:cite web
1734:cite web
1636:p. 178;
1628:p. 130;
1605:p. 195;
1507:p. 101;
1503:p. 174;
1451:p. 129;
1411:p. 129;
1371:p. 186;
1243:p. 129;
1231:p. 124;
1200:p. 164;
1079:p. 272;
1075:p. 342;
1023:p. 265;
1003:p. 162;
979:p. 162;
943:p. 162;
939:p. 173;
935:p. 552;
891:p. lxxx.
646:See also
401:Chronica
386:Blathach
302:Eysteinn
3768:MacLeod
3700:Skyhill
3695:Renfrew
3608:Pictish
3575:Tynwald
3560:Nesting
3540:Delting
3459:Birlinn
3368:Bornish
3295:History
2619:1866620
1668:p. 21;
1640:p. 152.
1632:p. 36;
1511:p. 121.
1483:p. 250.
1471:p. 164.
1467:p. 95;
1359:p. 192.
1343:p. 18;
1339:p. 95;
1311:p. 95;
1287:p. 111.
1227:p. 95;
1188:p. 564.
1160:p. 25;
1103:p. 97;
1095:p. 97;
1083:p. 341.
1063:p. 130.
1059:p. 21;
1031:p. 444.
1011:p. 223.
903:p. 121.
876:p. 614.
697:Blathac
552:Grimsby
500:Haraldr
390:Bláthóc
3670:Dollar
3373:Birsay
3352:Norway
3322:Orkney
3160:Bjaðǫk
3102:Rulers
3054:
3044:Nomina
3011:
3003:
2995:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2930:
2877:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2793:
2773:
2763:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2707:
2697:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2570:
2552:Viator
2539:
2516:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2431:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2386:–454.
2359:
2349:
2332:
2322:
2268:
2245:
2216:
2132:
2059:
2018:
1999:
1940:
1921:
1911:
1884:
1863:
1853:
1832:
1822:
1672:p. 5;
1624:p. 5;
1610:(n.d.)
1593:p. 73.
1581:p. 95.
1552:(n.d.)
1523:p. 18.
1275:p. 82.
1176:p. 25.
795:(n.d.)
766:Dublin
723:Christ
695:, and
693:Bjadok
689:Bjaðök
685:Bjaðok
681:Bjaðǫk
677:Biadok
636:Bethóc
570:ordeal
566:Scotia
504:byname
473:ordeal
428:homage
409:Gaelic
394:Bethóc
383:Gaelic
217:Bjaðǫk
98:Gaelic
90:Gaelic
78:Bjaðǫk
54:Spouse
21:Bjaðǫk
3690:Largs
3675:Barry
3655:Bauds
3009:JSTOR
2993:eISSN
2969:JSTOR
2953:eISSN
2861:(PDF)
2845:JSTOR
2829:eISSN
2744:JSTOR
2728:eISSN
2678:S2CID
2670:JSTOR
2654:eISSN
2615:JSTOR
2599:eISSN
2470:JSTOR
2454:eISSN
2412:S2CID
2396:eISSN
2382:(1):
2097:. n.d
1847:Brill
739:Gilli
727:Gilla
663:Notes
508:gilli
453:Irish
392:, or
65:Issue
3738:Gunn
3705:Tara
3598:Norn
3052:ISSN
3001:ISSN
2961:ISSN
2926:2013
2875:ISSN
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