214:: ‘Sketching Tours – Miss Blanche Baker, an exhibitor at the Royal Academy, will give LESSONS to ladies travelling with her on the Thames during the months of July and August.’ Assuming that this enterprise went ahead, it was interrupted by her father's death on 16 August 1884. Blanche and her elder brother, Herbert Baker – who was now running their father's business at Canon's Marsh Steam Saw Mills – were the two executors of the will. When probate was finally settled later in the year, William Baker's personal estate was worth about £5,311 (equivalent to about £627,000 in 2017) with a resworn amount of £14,938 in November 1884 (about £1,690,000 in 2017). Sneyd Park Villa was advertised for sale in the following year.
104:‘ came into some money from his father and succeeded in amassing a tolerably fair fortune’ – by 1861 he was a successful builder and contractor, employing 160 men, and at some point he also acquired a saw mill at Canon's Marsh, Bristol. The Baker family moved to Sneyd Park Villa in a wealthier part of Bristol. This was a substantial property with ‘lawns, gardens, a conservatory, stables and one and a half acres of land’ plus an adjacent farm. On the date of the 1861 census Blanche Baker was not actually in residence at Sneyd Park Villa, although the census indicates that she is one of nine siblings. Her grandmother Betsy Crispin had lived with them for several years, and there were live-in servants.
189:. By coincidence, her sisters Rosa and Mabel Baker would be managing house for Spencer in the late 1880s and ‘we told him how the reading of this book by had induced her to take the post of art mistress in a London school, and had led to our leaving the country to join her in town.’ It may have been Spencer's ideas on what was later termed a ‘child-centred’ approach to education that resonated with Blanche. The earlier reference to her serving on the committee of a boys’ home seems to suggest social concern on her part and an awareness of the lack of opportunities for underprivileged children at this time before education had become nationally compulsory.
173:
Villa coachman (Wheeler) and the carpenter (Owen). Newspaper accounts from 1880 explain that her behaviour brought about ‘insanity’ and the necessity for
William to be ‘removed to a lunatic asylum’. The Baker siblings took the unusual, but understandable, step of forming a committee and filing for divorce on behalf of their father, who was deemed incapable of representing himself. With adultery having been proved, a decree nisi was issued in July 1880 and a final decree in March 1881. The family now had the possibility of holding on to some of William's assets.
415:
33:
343:
pleasant to me.’ Despite this warning, however, Spencer did not act to evict the sisters until 1897, and by then he took a more negative view of their relationship. There were disagreements about expenses, and he complained that ‘the house is occupied by the family, yourselves and relatives; and when I am home the social intercourse and the administration give the impression that 64, Avenue Road is the residence of the Misses where Mr. Spencer resides when he is in town.’
198:
1202:‘The sixth annual exhibition of the Camsix Art Club at the Goupil Gallery contained some interesting landscape work. In particular were marked pictures by the President, Mr. Bertram Priestman, Messrs. A. M. Fox, C. Gidley Robinson, E. A. Lang, Gabell Smith, C. Carpmael, Johnson Hayward, A. White, G. M. Collcutt, A. Sterndale Bennett, and Misses B. Baker and M. E. Atkins’ –
245:– with the Society of Lady Artists (SLA) in London. The Society's purpose was ‘to gain acceptance for women artists by giving them the opportunity to exhibit their work. Membership was granted to women who had exhibited with the Society and who earned their livelihood through art.’ The Society's name changed to the more assertive
302:
and Mabel Baker – Blanche's older sister and a younger sister, although the reference to ‘three maiden ladies’ indicates that from the outset
Blanche was to be part of the ‘arrangement’, brought about by a mutual friend, and by the time of the following year's Royal Academy Summer Exhibition she too was living at 64
338:
and it is carefully worked, almost too careful; but very sunny and full of light.’ Blanche was elected an
Associate of the Society of Lady Artists in 1894, and there was a further Bristol exhibition in 1896: ‘An attractive collection of watercolour drawings by Miss Blanche Baker, a Bristol lady, is
119:
In 1865 Mary Baker, Blanche's mother, died at the age of 46. There were three girls under the age of 10 to be looked after, and presumably much of the running of the household now fell to Mary's older daughters Rosa, 23, Blanche, 20, and Kate, 16. The oldest boy, Herbert, 21, had followed his father
433:
was selected for the Royal
Academy, and in the following year Blanche was elected to be a full member of the Bristol Academy. Further European travel is evidenced in another West End exhibition, in February 1904, this time at McQueen's Gallery, where she showed 30 watercolours in a joint exhibition
342:
Around 1894 Spencer, who was spending an increasing amount of time away from London, gave warning that he was planning to terminate the arrangement at 64 Avenue Road, but wrote warmly, ‘The remembrance of times spent with you and your sisters during 1889, ’90, ’91 and ’92 will always will always be
301:
In 1889 Herbert
Spencer, now 69 and a controversial and much celebrated public figure, had grown tired of staying in lodging houses. ‘I have taken a house in St. John’s Wood and am going to have three maiden ladies to take care of me!’ he wrote to a friend. These ‘maiden ladies’ were initially Rosa
96:
Blanche Baker's father, William Baker, was born in
Bristol in about 1820 and in 1840 married Mary Anne Crispin, whose mother was from Devon. They lived in Trenchard Street, in central Bristol. Initially he was a plasterer, then a builder. Ellen Blanche Baker was their third child and was christened
172:
The second marriage of
William Baker proved even more calamitous than the family had feared. Mrs Gertrude Blanche Baker, in her mid-forties, was an ‘exceedingly improper person, for she was addicted to drink’. She behaved in an ‘unbecoming and indecent way’, committing adultery with the Sneyd Park
107:
Following her general education, Blanche attended
Bristol School of Art (established in 1853 as ‘Bristol School of Practical Art’ and later accommodated within the Bristol Academy for the Promotion of Fine Arts's grand building that had been opened in 1858. The School of Art would become the Royal
437:
Also in
February 1904, at Walker's Gallery, New Bond Street, there was an ‘inaugural' exhibition of the Camsix Art Club. Initially this was a group of seven women artists who took their name from the Essex farmstead where the artist Bertram Priestman ran a summer school which they attended. It is
425:
The 1901 census provides a snapshot of life in the Baker sisters’ new home. Blanche's sister Mabel, 39, was the ‘head of the household’. She was an ‘examiner of domestic economy’ in a school. Blanche, 56, was described as ‘an artist (painter) and
Teacher of Drawing. School’. They lived with their
176:
Although Blanche was said to have left Bristol in 1878, at the time of the 1881 census she was living with her sister Laura on the farm adjacent to Sneyd Park Villa. However, a few years later she had moved to the outskirts of London – to Spring Cottage, Hanwell, Ealing, near where her father was
144:
The Bristol Academy for the Promotion of Fine Arts opened a public exhibiting space in the spring of 1870, and Blanche exhibited regularly at its Winter Exhibition for the next twenty years. The choice of watercolour as Blanche's preferred medium and of landscape as her preferred genre was common
563:
2018) gives the date of the move as 1859 and the full address as being Ivywell Road. Stephens says that Baker purchased some land following the break-up of the Sneyd Park Estate in 1855, and goes on to explain that Baker’s company went on to build the Montpelier and Clifton Downs stations ‘in …
317:
had not seen us since our instalment in Avenue Road, and she was evidently surprised at the unexpected subjects that had already begun to interest us. We were talking of something we had just read in one of Mr. Spencer’s books, and quite innocently used one or two long words not formerly in our
164:
Around this time her father ‘made the acquaintance of the wife of the Rev. Mr Wilkinson, on the death of whom he conceived the idea of marrying the widow, and communicated this fact to his family, who however were greatly opposed to the match.’ Nevertheless, the marriage to Mrs Gertrude Blanche
457:
By 1918 the Baker sisters were living in a different property in Whetstone – in the High Road – which they also called Sneed Cottage. One of the last of Blanche's works for which there are records was a commission in about 1923 to create a miniature version (4.5 cm x 3.1 cm) of her
297:
One might assume that the settlement of William Baker's estate would have left the members of his family ‘comfortably well off’, so it is somewhat surprising that Blanche's sisters Rosa and Mabel Baker (writing in 1906) reflected on 1889 as beginning as a year ‘of gloom and sadness to us …
112:– a work which qualified for the only National Medallion to be awarded to Bristol School of Art in that year. Meanwhile, in 1863, in the competitions that Bristol Rifle Club held annually in Sneyd Park, Blanche had taken second prize in the Ladies Rifle Match – 100 yards, seven shots with
448:
the following year. In the 1911 census, Blanche, now 66, described herself as ‘artist and teacher. Secondary school’ – suggesting that education was a significant part of her identity. By now the sisters’ younger brother, William, was no longer living with them at Sneed Cottage.
369:
In 1899 Blanche had a significant exhibition of 42 watercolours at the Modern Gallery, 175 Bond Street. Like the 1890 exhibition at Bristol, it was a joint exhibition with Edward Wilkins Waite. Some of the titles suggest higher ambitions than her usual parochial subjects:
473:
Sometime after Rosa died, in December 1925, Blanche and Mabel Baker moved to Fareham, near Portsmouth. Blanche died at Belmont Nursing Home, Alverstoke, Hampshire, on 12 December 1929, aged 85 years. Mabel was executor of her estate, valued at £1,907 13s. 6d.
1265:
Ancestry.co.uk. The probate wording is ‘Baker, Ellen Blanche of 2 Elms-road Fareham Hampshire spinster died 12 December 1929 at Belmont Nursing Home Anglesey-road Alverstoke Hampshire Probate London 17 January to Mabel Baker spinster. Effects £1907 13s.
355:, near Barnet. The name may have been an example of the Bakers’ self-deprecating humour – ‘Sneed’ was the local Bristol pronunciation of ‘Sneyd’. Having been brought up in the grander ‘Sneyd Park Villa’ of their youth, they now lived in Sneed Cottage.
298:
Misfortunes had come to us, as they come to so many, unforeseen and unsuspected, none the less hard to bear because they were not the first we had experienced.’ They make it clear that a significant aspect of their distress was through ‘money losses’.
438:
likely that Blanche Baker contributed to that exhibition, and she certainly exhibited with the Camsix the following year at Alpine Club Hall, in 1907 at the Modern Gallery, in 1908 at the Goupil Gallery and in 1911 at the Baillie Gallery.
217:
In early 1885 Blanche exhibited at a ‘Loan Exhibition of Women’s Industries’ at Clifton, Bristol. Later in 1885 she had 11 watercolours in the Winter Exhibition of the Bristol Academy, ‘includ transcripts of quaint buildings
136:
in 1869 seems to have been a turning point for Blanche's artistic career. In early 1870 she had a one-person show in Bristol – 70 watercolours (some framed and others unframed) – and in the summer of that year
84:(1844–1929) was a Bristol-born English watercolour artist who specialised in landscape paintings. She trained at the Bristol School of Art, and went on to exhibit regularly at the Royal Academy and with the
378:
is 10 guineas – both prices a step up from the 8 or 9 guineas that are usually listed for her Royal Academy works. There were a number of views of Switzerland, including the dramatic alpine summit
259:
were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1888, and by the end of the year Blanche had moved back to Bristol, living at Leworthy Lodge, Stoke Bishop. In the Winter Exhibition of the Bristol Academy ‘
165:
Wilkinson, age 44, went ahead in April 1877. The extent to which the changed circumstances at Sneyd Park Villa may have prompted Blanche to move from Bristol is not known, but a brief item in the
334:
at a loan exhibition in Hampstead, and, maintaining her links with her home town, at Bristol Academy she showed ‘a little picture … a sketch of a thatched homestead and meadows. It is called
141:
was selected for the Royal Academy. Blanche would sign her pictures with her initials, BB – suited to the small dimensions of most of her work and perhaps also conveniently gender-neutral.
88:
and the Camsix Art Club. She taught drawing in London schools, and her work documents extensive British and European travel. In 1902 she was elected a full member of the Bristol Academy.
318:
vocabulary. A look of awe appeared on our sister’s face, and then, as the discussion continued in the same strain, she slowly and gradually disappeared under the dining-room table.
263:
affords a glimpse of a retired spot, where the quiet beauty of nature has been well observed, and, modest in its dimensions, it is a most successful study.’ In the following year
1090:
969:
351:
At some point after the sisters left Avenue Road in 1897 they moved to the northern outskirts of London, to Sneed Cottage, an eight-room house in Totteridge Lane,
185:
Blanche had apparently left Bristol to teach art in a London school, partly inspired by a collection of essays on education by the philosopher and social theorist
161:– active in the early nineteenth century – whose Bristol Society of Artists it had incorporated. In 1876 Blanche was elected an Associate of the Bristol Academy.
358:
Towards the end of the century Blanche broadened the subjects of her work as she travelled to Europe – France, Germany, Switzerland, northern Italy and Spain.
1327:
1307:
1297:
287:
at Messrs Frost and Reed in Queens Road, Bristol. In the census of 1891 Blanche, 47, gave her profession as ‘artist – landscape painting and teacher’
635:
The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904, vol. 1: Abbayne to Carrington
1145:
Catalogue published to accompany an exhibition held at McQueen’s Gallery, 33 Haymarket, London, 23–29 Feb. 1904, in National Art Library, London.
842:, 23 May 1885. It is not known whether the sale went ahead, as in 1888 Blanche used the Sneyd Park Villa address in the Royal Academy catalogue.
759:
1302:
1292:
426:
sister Rosa, 60, and their brother William, 41, who was a clerk at the Stock Exchange. They were supported by one domestic servant living in.
283:(perhaps a view of Sneyd Park Villa) were shown at the Royal Academy. That was also the year of a joint exhibition with the landscape painter
470:(currently in the Royal Collection). Queen Mary – as the Princess of Wales – had visited a Camsix exhibition at the Goupil Gallery in 1908.
1322:
169:
of 17 January 1878 noted that ‘Miss Blanche Baker has retired from the committee of the Boys’ Home in consequence of having left Bristol.’
828:
755:
540:
1094:
640:
Royal Academy Exhibitors, 1905–1970: A Dictionary of Artists and Their Work in the Summer Exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts
309:
Some years after Spencer had died, Rosa and Mabel Baker – using the pseudonym ‘Two’ – published a memoir of their time with him:
1317:
382:. England was represented by works depicting Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Guildford, Somerset and Yorkshire. Some titles – such as
467:
434:
with Margaret Kemp-Welch. This exhibition included nine views of Venice and three views of the French Alps near Mont Blanc.
1312:
951:
The house at this address where Spencer lived with the Baker sisters was apparently demolished in 1939 (E. S. P. Haynes,
1215:
Catalogue of the Camsix Art Club 9th annual exhibition, London, Baillie Gallery, 1911, in National Art Library, London.
952:
414:
210:
Blanche's strength of personality and independence are further evidenced in an 1884 classified advertisement in
610:
Report of the Examiners on the Works Sent from the Schools of Art in Competition for National Medallions, 1864.
246:
202:
85:
313:. This is a warm portrait of Spencer, and also gives an insight into the relationship between the sisters:
32:
968:
They identified themselves as the authors in a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace, dated 13 January 1911 –
609:
539:
Canon’s Marsh Steam Saw Mills was later run by William’s oldest son, Herbert – information obtained from
113:
1287:
1282:
1242:
284:
390:– suggest more of a human presence than was usual in her work. There were also four flower studies:
303:
676:
There are some inconsistencies in name use; for clarity ‘Bristol Academy’ will henceforth be used.
116:. ‘These novelty, but interesting matches attracted, of course, a great gathering of both sexes.’
638:, (London: Henry Graves & Co. and George Bell & Sons, 1905) and Royal Academy of Arts,
352:
186:
997:
982:
922:
790:
98:
777:
633:
197:
1075:
1060:
937:
632:
Titles of Baker’s works exhibited at the Royal Academy are taken from Algernon Graves,
330:
were exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts in Dublin. In 1895 she exhibited
146:
1276:
150:
133:
560:
780:
at the Online Library of Liberty gives a full account of his educational theories.
771:
362:, for example, was exhibited with the Hampstead Art Society at the Conservatoire,
363:
556:
108:
West of England Academy Schools). She ‘graduated’ in 1864, winning a prize for
972:
in G. W. Beccaloni (ed.), Wallace Letters Onlineonline, accessed 17 July 2018.
154:
697:
585:
145:
among ‘lady artists’, but the Bristol Academy did have traditional links to ‘
158:
71:
322:
Blanche's move to London saw her broadening her exhibition base: in 1893
421:, black and white reproduction of a watercolour by Blanche Baker c.1900
56:
877:
Guide to the Archive of Art and Design, Victoria & Albert Museum
564:
Gothic revival style’. These suggestions are not fully referenced.
413:
196:
936:
Letter to John Tyndall, 12 June 1889, quoted in David Duncan,
665:
The Society of Women Artists Exhibitors 1855–1996, vol. 1: A–D
1002:(Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1906, reprinted 1910), pp. 87–8.
177:
living in a small private asylum, Wyke House, in Isleworth.
339:
on view at Messrs Frost and Reed Gallery, 47 Queens Road.’
795:(Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1906, reprinted 1910), p. 106.
927:(Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1906, reprinted 1910), p. 11.
737:
in the High Court of Justice (Divorce), Court Minutes.
374:
commands her highest asking price, of 15 guineas, and
776:(London: Williams & Norgate, 1861). The article
271:were exhibited in London with the SLA, and in 1890
64:
45:
23:
987:(Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1906, reprinted 1910).
1115:Catalogue (1899) in National Art Library, London.
526:
524:
372:‘Where skies make azure of our earth-born greys’
1074:Letter of 1 April 1897 quoted in David Duncan,
444:was selected for the Royal Academy in 1910 and
149:’ landscape painters such as William Muller,
8:
1204:International Studio of Fine and Applied Art
773:Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical
419:The Houses of Parliament from Lambeth Bridge
721:Ancestry.co.uk, Parish registers 1720–1933.
233:In 1887 she exhibited three watercolours –
97:at the Society of Protestant Dissenters in
31:
20:
879:(London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001), p. 228.
128:The acceptance of a watercolour drawing,
588:, Royal West of England Academy website.
1077:The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer
1062:The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer
939:The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer
483:
700:Royal West of England Academy website.
667:(Calne: Hilmarton Manor Press, 1996).
511:
509:
507:
505:
490:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1841 and 1861.
376:‘Where cattle tread the soaking soil’
7:
1065:(London: Methuen, 1908), pp. 365–6.
124:Artistic success and a family crisis
1328:19th-century British women painters
1233:Ancestry.co.uk, Electoral register.
1308:20th-century English women artists
1298:19th-century English women artists
1206:, vol. 34 (Mar–June 1908), p. 142.
551:Local historian Chris Stephens in
14:
1080:(London: Methuen, 1908), p. 404.
642:(Wakefield: EP Publishing, 1973).
347:European travel and a family home
101:, Bristol, on 15 September 1844.
942:(London: Methuen, 1908), p. 289.
1243:Royal Collection Trust website.
40:Self-portrait in pencil, c.1920
999:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
984:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
924:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
829:William Baker probate summary.
792:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
541:William Baker probate summary.
311:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
292:Home Life with Herbert Spencer
1:
1303:20th-century English painters
1293:19th-century English painters
756:William Baker probate summary
1224:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1911.
1124:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1901.
912:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1891.
746:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1881.
530:Ancestry.co.uk, Census 1861.
228:Mary-le-Port Street, Bristol
206:exhibited in Bristol in 1885
120:into the building business.
1323:20th-century women painters
760:Historic Hospitals website.
429:In the summer of that year
1344:
1012:Hampstead and High Express
410:Into the twentieth century
130:Greenfell Lane, Gloucester
953:'Herbert Spencer's House'
735:Baker, Wheeler & Owen
663:Joanna Soden (compiler),
468:Queen Mary's Dolls' House
462:.1899 alpine watercolour
257:The Thames from Streatley
30:
731:Baker (by his committee)
247:Society of Women Artists
220:The Dutch House, Bristol
203:The Dutch House, Bristol
688:, London, 26 Nov. 1870.
86:Society of Lady Artists
1318:English women painters
959:, 3 Feb. 1939, p. 22).
778:‘Spencer on Education’
422:
320:
207:
114:Prussian needle rifles
38:Portrait of the Artist
1091:"kgb answers website"
553:Bristol Nine Magazine
431:The Forester’s Garden
417:
315:
200:
1313:Artists from Bristol
384:Blackberry Gatherers
328:A Deserted Farmhouse
285:Edward Wilkins Waite
281:Back of the Old Home
193:Becoming established
1155:Manchester Guardian
1134:Western Daily Press
1097:on 10 December 2018
1024:Western Daily Press
889:Western Daily Press
864:Western Daily Press
852:Western Daily Press
840:Western Daily Press
805:Western Daily Press
710:Western Daily Press
621:Western Daily Press
598:Western Daily Press
574:Western Daily Press
516:Western Daily Press
167:Western Daily Press
50:Ellen Blanche Baker
423:
332:A Cornish Roadside
324:The Only Customers
269:The Float, Bristol
208:
110:Outline of Flowers
875:Elizabeth Lomas,
770:Herbert Spencer,
686:Illustrated Times
388:The Bean Gatherer
79:
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1093:. Archived from
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446:A Cherry Orchard
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1181:, 20 Feb. 1905.
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901:Bristol Mercury
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854:, 27 Feb. 1885.
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819:, 16 July 1884.
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807:, 17 Jan. 1878.
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652:Bristol Mercury
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600:, 30 Nov. 1864.
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499:Ancestry.co.uk.
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360:Lake at Lucerne
349:
336:The Home Fields
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243:Bristol Streets
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187:Herbert Spencer
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126:
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1256:, 3 Feb. 1908.
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1193:, 5 Mar. 1907.
1183:
1171:
1159:
1157:, 27 Feb 1904.
1147:
1138:
1136:, 23 Feb 1902.
1126:
1117:
1108:
1082:
1067:
1059:David Duncan,
1052:
1050:, 3 Oct. 1896.
1040:
1038:, 26 May 1894.
1028:
1016:
1014:, 2 Feb. 1895.
1004:
989:
974:
961:
944:
929:
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903:, 4 Feb. 1890.
893:
891:, 4 Dec. 1888.
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866:, 4 Dec. 1885.
856:
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714:
712:, 5 Feb. 1876.
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99:Lewin's Mead
95:
81:
80:
37:
18:
1288:1929 deaths
1283:1844 births
453:Later years
366:, in 1896.
364:Eton Avenue
304:Avenue Road
1277:Categories
955:(letter),
478:References
265:The Thames
155:J. B. Pyne
92:Early life
1254:The Times
1191:The Times
1167:The Times
1036:The Queen
817:The Times
353:Whetstone
249:in 1899.
212:The Times
159:John Syer
132:, by the
74:, England
72:Hampshire
59:, England
1101:2 August
996:‘Two’ ,
981:‘Two’ ,
921:‘Two’ ,
789:‘Two’ ,
557:February
396:Murillos
277:November
253:Cabbages
239:Clovelly
224:Clovelly
181:Teaching
404:Freesia
57:Bristol
400:Tulips
306:, NW.
273:Summer
392:Roses
1266:6d.’
1103:2018
758:and
561:June
559:and
466:for
402:and
386:and
326:and
279:and
275:and
267:and
255:and
241:and
226:and
157:and
68:1929
65:Died
53:1844
46:Born
733:v.
230:’.
1279::
523:^
504:^
406:.
398:,
394:,
237:,
222:;
153:,
1105:.
555:(
460:c
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