507:. Although widespread, its status varies from uncommon to locally common, and its numbers fluctuate even in areas in which it is believed to be resident. For example, in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park it has been reported to be very abundant in certain years, but very scarce to virtually absent from the area in others. Brown (1982) suggested that these apparent fluctuations in population size may be the result of range overlap between resident and migratory or nomadic populations, although seasonal fluctuations in prey availability may also play a role. Anthropogenic causes of death in the species include the common threats of drowning, shooting, electrocution and collision with power lines. Recovery of seven out of 289 birds ringed between 1948 and 1998 suggested that drowning in sheer-walled water reservoirs was the most common cause of death (2 birds), followed by shooting and electrocution or collision with power lines (1 bird each). However, anthropogenic mortality appears to be low in this species, with only one black-chested snake eagle found drowned in a water reservoir in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park between 1988 and 1994, while five of the seven ringed birds recovered between 1948 and 1998 survived for periods ranging from 3.5 years to 13 years after ringing.
337:
42:
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narrowly barred lower underparts of the
Beaudouin's. In flight, the dark head and chest contrast with the lower underparts and underwings, which are both white except for three narrow black terminal bars on the underwings. The sexes are alike in plumage, although the female is appreciably larger. In the field the species may also be confused with the
424:
recorded in the non-breeding period. The species is also known to make use of anthropogenic habitats such as farmland and electricity pylons or telephone poles. It is sympatric with the brown snake eagle in much of its range, and the two species have been reported to nest in neighbouring or even the same pylon without apparent animosity.
423:
The species inhabits a variety of different habitats, including open acacia and miombo woodlands, grasslands and thornbush savannas, and even semi-arid savanna and desert areas. It avoids mountainous and forested areas. It is usually found singly, although communal roosts of up to 200 birds have been
478:
per clutch, which is white and unmarked in appearance. The egg is incubated for 52 days, with the female performing the incubating alone while the male provides her with food. After hatching, the chick remains in the nest for approximately 3 months (90 days). Breeding occurs year-round, although it
440:
snakes up to 80 cm. in length), but will also prey on lizards, insects, small mammals and frogs. It mainly hunts from a perch or by hovering or searching the ground, stalking prey on the wing and then parachuting slowly to the ground to capture its prey. The species has also been found to be
351:
The main identifying character of this bird is its dark brown-black head and chest, to which it owes its name. It is distinguished from the short-toed and
Beaudouin's snake eagles by its uniform white lower underparts, in contrast to the darkly blotched belly of the short-toed snake eagle and
360:); however, it is distinguished from this species by its smaller size, unmarked (not spotted) breast, and white (not brown-black) underwings. The eye is bright yellow-orange in colour, the bill horn-coloured and the legs pale grey and unfeathered below the thigh, as in other snake eagles.
265:). However, this convention was not followed by all taxonomists, with some citing differences in adult plumage and breeding ranges as evidence in favour of awarding each full species status. Brown (1974) followed this latter view, but cited several instances of alleged
312:) than to the short-toed snake eagle, supporting its taxonomic recognition as a separate species. However, a different molecular phylogenetic study by Wink and Sauer-GĂĽrth (2004) found that the black-chested and short-toed snake eagles form a
1148:
273:. However, Clark (1999) suggested that these alleged hybridization events may have instead resulted from misidentification of juvenile or subadult black-chested snake eagles as adults of other species.
483:, the peak time of egg laying has been reported to be between June–July, whereas eggs are laid slightly later in the former Transvaal, around July–August. In Zimbabwe and
403:, with many populations in southern Africa and East Africa appearing to be resident year-round, while the species has only ever been recorded as a breeding visitor in
1369:
1213:
667:
Lerner, Heather R. L.; Mindell, David P. (November 2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other
Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA".
441:
highly dependent on seasonal fluctuations in small mammal prey availability, with its numbers increasing in accordance with booms in small mammal abundance in the
411:, where it is considered locally nomadic. However, seasonal movements have been recorded even in areas in which the species is considered resident, for example in
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Although originally proposed as separate species, many authors previously considered both the black-chested and
Beaudouin's snake eagles to be subspecies of the
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The black-chested snake eagle nests in trees (typically in the crown of flat-topped acacia, although there is one record of the species nesting in the
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487:, nests containing eggs have been found from February to December, with a peak around April–July (in Zambia) and July–September (in Zimbabwe).
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in 1922 was found to have a pellet of rodent fur and a hissing sand snake in its stomach contents.
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304:. This study also suggested that the black-chested snake eagle was more closely related to the
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626:"Status of Beaudouin's Circaetus beaudouini and Short-toed Snake Eagles C. gallicus in Kenya"
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between the three forms which would justify their treatment as a single species under the
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Clark, William S.; Fisher, David; Finch, Brian; de Bruijn, Bernd; Shani, Itai (2005).
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vegetation. The nest itself is a small stick structure. The female will lay only one
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583:"Plumage differences and taxonomic status of three similar Circaetus snake-eagles"
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distribution and can be found throughout southern and East Africa, from
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324:). The black-chested snake eagle is thus commonly considered to form a
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and as a largely non-breeding visitor in
Ethiopia and the former
391:(north of 26S) in the south, ranging as far west as the southern
1179:
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140:
1024:
743:
475:
415:, where there is an influx of birds in the dry winter months.
237:
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peaks during the dry winter months in South Africa; in the
729:
Species text in The Atlas of
Southern African Birds:
1033:
981:
959:
902:
880:
823:
801:
783:
328:with the short-toed and Beaudouin's snake eagles.
549:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734223A95079134.en
432:As its name indicates, this bird feeds mostly on
241:and was formerly considered conspecific with the
707:Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton,
466:), and typically builds its nests concealed in
755:
8:
590:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1021:
762:
748:
740:
704:vol.1, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
72:
40:
31:
547:
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1370:Taxa named by Andrew Smith (zoologist)
702:Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World
700:Brown, Leslie and Dean Amadon (1968).
669:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
662:
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1340:Birds of prey of Sub-Saharan Africa
1320:IUCN Red List least concern species
535:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
633:Bulletins of the African Bird Club
249:, to which it is closely related.
25:
340:Flying with a snake in its beak,
393:Democratic Republic of the Congo
97:
1365:Near threatened biota of Africa
524:BirdLife International (2016).
709:SASOL Birds of Southern Africa
653:– via globalraptors.org.
610:– via globalraptors.org.
495:The species is categorized as
1:
639:(2): 150–152. Archived from
481:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
445:. A specimen collected from
296:group that is sister to the
922:Great Nicobar serpent eagle
864:Southern banded snake eagle
735:(Black-chested Snake Eagle)
681:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010
1386:
871:Western banded snake eagle
596:(1): 56–59. Archived from
581:Clark, William S. (1999).
271:Biological Species Concept
225:black-breasted snake eagle
35:Black-chested snake eagle
18:Black-breasted snake eagle
1003:
850:Black-chested snake eagle
221:black-chested snake eagle
199:
192:
94:Scientific classification
92:
70:
61:
48:
39:
34:
1345:Birds of Southern Africa
972:Madagascar serpent eagle
943:Philippine serpent eagle
542:: e.T22734223A95079134.
247:Beaudouin's snake eagles
1360:Near threatened animals
1330:Birds of Central Africa
1325:Birds described in 1829
836:Beaudouin's snake eagle
443:Serengeti National Park
363:The call is a whistled
936:Sulawesi serpent eagle
929:Mountain serpent eagle
843:Short-toed snake eagle
505:BirdLife International
348:
280:analysis based on two
278:molecular phylogenetic
259:short-toed snake eagle
950:Andaman serpent eagle
915:Crested serpent eagle
358:Polemaetus bellicosus
339:
322:Terathopius ecaudatus
1335:Birds of East Africa
1297:Circaetus-pectoralis
1154:circaetus-pectoralis
1079:Circaetus_pectoralis
1065:Circaetus pectoralis
1035:Circaetus pectoralis
732:Circaetus pectoralis
528:Circaetus pectoralis
375:This species has an
292:snake eagles form a
230:Circaetus pectoralis
203:Circaetus pectoralis
893:Congo serpent eagle
342:Awash National Park
282:mitochondrial genes
64:Conservation status
52:Awash National Park
365:kwo kwo kwo kweeoo
349:
316:together with the
310:Circaetus cinereus
263:Circaetus gallicus
185:C. pectoralis
1307:
1306:
1266:Open Tree of Life
1027:Taxon identifiers
1018:
1017:
857:Brown snake eagle
395:and southeastern
306:brown snake eagle
298:Old World vulture
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16:(Redirected from
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984:Pithecophaga
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648:. Retrieved
641:the original
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605:. Retrieved
598:the original
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553:. Retrieved
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494:
491:Conservation
463:Pinus patula
461:
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453:Reproduction
431:
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389:South Africa
377:Afrotropical
374:
371:Distribution
364:
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326:superspecies
321:
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294:monophyletic
289:
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239:snake eagles
229:
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161:Accipitridae
49:With a snake
29:
1201:iNaturalist
1059:Wikispecies
962:Eutriorchis
804:Terathopius
776:Circaetinae
555:19 November
1314:Categories
1292:Xeno-canto
650:2019-07-30
607:2019-07-30
511:References
399:. It is a
302:Aegypiinae
243:short-toed
1350:Circaetus
905:Spilornis
826:Circaetus
771:Subfamily
472:epiphytic
468:mistletoe
409:Transvaal
290:Circaetus
179:Species:
172:Circaetus
117:Kingdom:
111:Eukaryota
1279:Species+
1245:22734223
1219:10215810
1105:22734223
1100:BirdLife
1044:Wikidata
814:Bateleur
689:15925523
447:Morogoro
438:venomous
413:Zimbabwe
381:Ethiopia
346:Ethiopia
318:bateleur
253:Taxonomy
210:A. Smith
157:Family:
131:Chordata
127:Phylum:
121:Animalia
107:Domain:
84:IUCN 3.1
56:Ethiopia
1193:2480662
1180:1047572
1167:bkbsne1
1128:bkbsne1
1087:Avibase
1050:Q264142
794:Species
499:by the
419:Habitat
300:group,
235:African
167:Genus:
147:Order:
137:Class:
82: (
1355:Eagles
1271:103125
1258:321084
1232:559296
1118:112987
715:
687:
485:Zambia
434:snakes
286:intron
212:, 1829
1214:IRMNG
1162:eBird
1141:5YV99
1125:BOW:
1009:Eagle
786:Genus
644:(PDF)
629:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
586:(PDF)
405:Sudan
397:Gabon
385:Sudan
314:clade
1284:6279
1253:NCBI
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