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31:
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95:
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appearance although the males are slightly larger. Black-crowned night-herons do not fit the typical body form of the heron family. They are relatively stocky with shorter bills, legs, and necks than their more familiar cousins, the egrets and "day" herons. Their resting posture is normally somewhat hunched but when hunting they extend their necks and look more like other wading birds.
913:
706:. Black-crowned night-heron may have bred in the far wetter and wider landscape of pre-modern Britain. They were certainly imported for the table so the bone specimens themselves do not prove they were part of the British avifauna. In modern times the black-crowned night-heron is a vagrant and feral breeding colonies were established at
546:
Adults have a black crown and back with the remainder of the body white or grey, red eyes, and short yellow legs. They have pale grey wings and white under parts. Two or three long white plumes, erected in greeting and courtship displays, extend from the back of the head. The sexes are similar in
550:
Immature birds have dull grey-brown plumage on their heads, wings, and backs, with numerous pale spots. Their underparts are paler and streaked with brown. The young birds have orange eyes and duller yellowish-green legs. They are very noisy birds in their nesting colonies, with calls that are
811:. They are among the seven heron species observed to engage in bait fishing; luring or distracting fish by tossing edible or inedible buoyant objects into water within their striking range – a rare example of tool use among birds. During the day they rest in trees or bushes.
714:
in
Norfolk, where there were 8 pairs in 2003 but breeding was not repeated in 2004 or 2005. A pair of adults were seen with two recently fledged juveniles in Somerset in 2017, which is the first proven breeding record of wild black-crowned night-herons in Great Britain.
50:
1153:
Historiae animalium liber III qui est de auium natura. Adiecti sunt ab initio indices alphabetici decem super nominibus auium in totidem linguis diuersis: & ante illos enumeratio auium eo ordiné quo in hoc volumine
1096:
A Synoptical
Catalogue of British Birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to Observations on British ornithology
849:(10% prevalence). The mean number of helminth species recorded per host individual reached 1.41. In Ukraine, other helminth species are often found in black-crowned night-herons too, namely
640:). The North American population winters in Mexico, the southern United States, Central America, and the West Indies, and the Old World birds winter in tropical Africa and southern Asia.
943:
1531:
663:
and throughout the city's downtown area, as well as their resilience to the urban environment and displacement efforts, have led to them being named
Oakland's official city bird.
49:
958:
1851:
894:
1960:
1916:
827:
A thorough study performed by J. Sitko and P. Heneberg in the Czech
Republic in 1962–2013 suggested that the central European black-crowned night-herons host 8
2102:
1360:
1221:
924:
2142:
2048:
1802:
644:
1864:
1491:
Sitko, J.; Heneberg, P. (2015). "Composition, structure and pattern of helminth assemblages associated with central
European herons (Ardeidae)".
1350:
Holling M. and the Rare
Breeding Birds Panel (2007) Non-native breeding birds in the United Kingdom 2003, 2004 and 2005 British Birds 100 638–649
629:
on platforms of sticks in a group of trees, or on the ground in protected locations such as islands or reedbeds. Three to eight eggs are laid.
1335:
1179:
1169:
2132:
1955:
1542:
1287:
1825:
1750:
1076:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2127:
2061:
1994:
1327:
1448:
Ruxton, Graeme D.; Hansell, Michael H. (1 January 2011). "Fishing with a Bait or Lure: A Brief Review of the
Cognitive Issues".
731:
These birds stand still at the water's edge and wait to ambush prey, mainly at night or early morning. They primarily eat small
1763:
1252:
333:
210:
1869:
1903:
1830:
1090:
365:
973:
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833:
414:(Linnaeus, 1758) – Eurasia south to Africa and Madagascar and east to east Asia, Philippines and Indonesian Archipelago
2122:
1688:
1560:
39:
992:
94:
1781:
1113:
1921:
1794:
1619:
851:
869:
857:
839:
1929:
431:
2079:
863:
845:
300:
found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South
America. In
2137:
421:
1934:
1675:
1581:
1021:
2117:
1981:
1693:
882:
702:, which has now been shown to refer to the black-crowned night-heron, derived from the medieval French
471:
189:
1048:
2066:
723:
1999:
1817:
1657:
1639:
1457:
1398:
931:
393:
2112:
1195:
1117:
656:
517:
507:
325:
305:
59:
1895:
1430:
1079:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. pp. 142–143.
527:
491:
254:
89:
1986:
538:
30:
1856:
1968:
1882:
1711:
1644:
1508:
1473:
1393:
1331:
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for more than a century. The birds also prominently live year-round in the shores around the
1973:
1500:
1465:
1422:
1043:
648:
618:
449:
313:
1680:
912:
220:
2107:
1942:
338:
1025:
1566:
1461:
2012:
1789:
1776:
1196:"Black-crowned Night-Heron Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
1147:
768:
633:
481:
397:
146:
2096:
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1070:
1034:
707:
672:
441:
373:
352:
329:
206:
79:
74:
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396:
for a "bird of ill omen", perhaps an owl. The word was used by the Swiss naturalist
2039:
1716:
1226:
676:
660:
457:
347:
1074:
1768:
1703:
1504:
48:
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636:
in the northernmost part of its range, but otherwise resident (even in the cold
626:
301:
1121:
2007:
1222:"Smithsonian's mystery of the black-crowned night-herons solved by satellites"
816:
752:
683:
404:
360:
166:
1604:
1477:
1737:
764:
740:
691:
687:
637:
602:
389:
106:
1755:
1512:
671:
There are two archaeological specimens of the black-crowned night-heron in
2033:
1598:
1303:
W.R.P. Bourne (2003). "Fred Stubbs, Egrets, Brewes and climatic change".
980:
828:
808:
756:
126:
1667:
400:
in 1555 and then by subsequent authors for a black-crowned night-heron.
2074:
2053:
1807:
1652:
1434:
1413:
Riehl, Christina (2001). "Black-Crowned Night-Heron Fishes with Bait".
984:
804:
796:
601:
breeds in North and South
America from Canada as far south as northern
594:
293:
694:' price lists as the Brewe, a bird which was thought to have been the
1947:
965:
950:
904:
784:
780:
772:
744:
116:
1843:
1575:
1426:
1253:"Oakland Has Its First Official Bird Thanks to These Dedicated Kids"
1742:
1729:
1724:
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800:
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748:
736:
722:
606:
537:
343:
297:
156:
935:
788:
760:
732:
136:
1579:
625:
in Europe, Asia and Africa. Black-crowned night-herons nest in
792:
424:, 1789) – south Canada to north Argentina and Chile; Hawaii
1415:
Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology
1122:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
815:
is more gregarious outside the breeding season than the
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
388:
meaning "raven". The word was used by authors such as
364:
that was introduced in 1817 by the English naturalist
643:
A colony of the herons has regularly summered at the
342:. He placed it with herons, cranes and egrets in the
2023:
1588:
1394:"Nycticorax nycticorax (Black-crowned night-heron)"
1049:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697211A155515762.en
460:similar to its name in many other languages, like
1157:(in Latin). Zurich: Froschauer. pp. 602–603.
1099:. London: Nichols, son, and Bentley. p. 59.
511:
501:
1831:black-crowned-night-heron-nycticorax-nycticorax
485:
1572:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1530:Blasco-Zumeta, Javier; Heinze, Gerd-Michael.
1361:"Night-Herons breed in Somerset - a UK first"
597:throughout much of the world. The subspecies
593:The breeding habitat is fresh and salt-water
521:
495:
8:
1171:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1322:R.W. Forrester; I.J. Andrews, eds. (2007).
831:species. The dominant species consisted of
475:
465:
1576:
219:
68:
46:
29:
20:
1561:Black-crowned Night-Heron Species Account
1174:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 277.
1047:
1013:
878:
727:Juvenile in an "upright" threat display
710:from 1950 into the 21st century and at
434:, 1855) – Chile and southwest Argentina
1539:Identification Atlas of Aragon's Birds
686:'s late medieval victualling yards in
578:: 25.6–35.8 oz (726–1,015 g)
304:it is replaced by the closely related
1128:. International Ornithologists' Union
1108:
1106:
584:: 45.3–46.5 in (115–118 cm)
7:
2080:EB3EC73C-7018-455B-8982-5372927B245A
1795:717e472f-eac9-4463-9e57-49e9a39f99cb
1247:
1245:
2103:IUCN Red List least concern species
1035:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
659:. Their ever presence at Oakland's
1278:D.W. Yalden; U. Albarella (2009).
834:Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus
324:The black-crowned night-heron was
14:
572:: 22.8–26 in (58–66 cm)
1470:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01848.x
1126:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
991:
972:
957:
942:
923:
911:
893:
881:
358:. It is now placed in the genus
93:
2143:Birds of the Dominican Republic
613:in southernmost South America,
1324:The Birds of Scotland Volume 1
655:, with the largest rookery in
368:for this species. The epithet
1:
1328:Scottish Ornithologists' Club
1220:Akpan, Nsikan (12 May 2015).
682:and the more recent from the
288:, commonly shortened to just
1567:Black-crowned night-heron -
1563:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1505:10.1016/j.parint.2014.10.009
1280:The History of British Birds
2133:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1532:"Black-crowned night-heron"
1282:. Oxford University Press.
852:Echinochasmus beleocephalus
690:. It appears in the London
40:Cape May County, New Jersey
2161:
1493:Parasitology International
1168:Jobling, James A. (2010).
870:Posthodiplostomum cuticola
858:Echinochasmus ruficapensis
840:Contracaecum microcephalum
444:, 1914) – Falkland Islands
328:by the Swedish naturalist
24:Black-crowned night heron
1961:black-crowned-night-heron
1818:black-crowned-night-heron
1042:: e.T22697211A155515762.
675:. The oldest is from the
496:
486:
276:black-crowned night-heron
260:
253:
227:
218:
195:
188:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
45:
37:
28:
23:
621:, and the nominate race
551:commonly transcribed as
316:in the area of contact.
286:black-capped night-heron
2128:Birds described in 1758
864:Clinostomum complanatum
846:Opistorchis longissimus
771:, terrestrial insects,
667:Status in Great Britain
1022:BirdLife International
728:
543:
522:
512:
502:
476:
466:
242: Year-round range
2013:Nycticorax-nycticorax
1982:Paleobiology Database
1645:Nycticorax_nycticorax
1620:Nycticorax nycticorax
1590:Nycticorax nycticorax
1569:Nycticorax nycticorax
1200:www.allaboutbirds.org
1028:Nycticorax nycticorax
843:(55% prevalence) and
726:
541:
452:, the bird is called
312:), with which it has
281:Nycticorax nycticorax
248: Wintering range
199:Nycticorax nycticorax
1790:Fauna Europaea (new)
1399:Animal Diversity Web
949:juvenile in flight,
932:Arches National Park
394:Hesychius of Miletus
384:meaning "night" and
296:, is a medium-sized
236: Breeding range
1462:2011Ethol.117....1R
306:nankeen night heron
266:Linnaeus, 1758
60:Conservation status
2123:Cosmopolitan birds
1548:on 25 October 2018
1116:; Donsker, David;
837:(62% prevalence),
729:
615:N. n. falklandicus
544:
438:N. n. falklandicus
326:formally described
181:N. nycticorax
2090:
2089:
1969:Open Tree of Life
1582:Taxon identifiers
1363:. Rare Bird Alert
1337:978-0-9512139-0-2
1181:978-1-4081-2501-4
1118:Rasmussen, Pamela
964:adult in flight,
712:Great Witchingham
696:Eurasian whimbrel
653:San Francisco Bay
320:Taxonomy and name
272:
271:
83:
51:
2150:
2083:
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2070:
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2025:Ardea nycticorax
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1541:. Archived from
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649:Washington, D.C.
623:N. n. nycticorax
619:Falkland Islands
525:
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489:
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450:Falkland Islands
412:N. n. nycticorax
407:are recognised:
356:Ardea nicticorax
267:
263:Ardea nycticorax
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38:At a rookery in
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632:This heron is
611:N. n. obscurus
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456:, which is an
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428:N. n. obscurus
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366:Thomas Forster
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310:N. caledonicus
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353:binomial name
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230:N. nycticorax
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190:Binomial name
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75:Least Concern
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2118:Wading birds
2024:
1589:
1568:
1550:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1538:
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1408:
1397:
1365:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1323:
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1279:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1256:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:PBS NewsHour
1225:
1215:
1205:26 September
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
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1163:
1152:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1125:
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1053:. Retrieved
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661:Lake Merritt
645:National Zoo
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589:Distribution
581:
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563:Measurements
562:
561:
556:
552:
549:
545:
500:in Russian,
477:kvakoš noční
472:West Frisian
464:in English,
461:
458:onomatopoeia
453:
447:
442:Hartert, EJO
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180:
179:
167:
18:
1930:Neotropical
1891:NatureServe
1839:iNaturalist
1614:Wikispecies
1154:continentur
1132:28 November
1114:Gill, Frank
1091:Forster, T.
1055:12 November
998:In flight,
753:crustaceans
700:glossy ibis
680:London Wall
534:Description
513:kowak-malam
302:Australasia
290:night-heron
2113:Nycticorax
2097:Categories
2040:Q106447617
2008:Xeno-canto
1456:(1): 1–9.
1311:: 332–339.
1008:References
765:amphibians
741:earthworms
692:poulterers
684:Royal Navy
518:Indonesian
508:Vietnamese
405:subspecies
370:nycticorax
361:Nycticorax
314:hybridized
168:Nycticorax
1478:1439-0310
1024:(2019) .
979:Eating a
823:Parasites
809:landfills
787:), small
783:(such as
755:(such as
719:Behaviour
688:Greenwich
638:Patagonia
634:migratory
603:Argentina
492:Ukrainian
432:Bonaparte
390:Aristotle
228:Range of
175:Species:
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
2034:Wikidata
1896:2.104974
1883:22697211
1857:10453361
1681:22697211
1676:BirdLife
1665:BioLib:
1599:Wikidata
1513:25449288
1450:Ethology
1367:2 August
1150:(1555).
1093:(1817).
1073:(1758).
981:goldfish
930:Wading,
829:helminth
779:, small
763:, other
757:crayfish
704:Bihoreau
627:colonies
595:wetlands
582:Wingspan
542:At nest.
462:qua-bird
372:is from
255:Synonyms
207:Linnaeus
157:Ardeidae
153:Family:
127:Chordata
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
2075:ZooBank
2067:1476323
2054:4408427
1808:2480863
1653:Avibase
1605:Q126216
1458:Bibcode
1435:1522044
1263:19 June
1257:Audubon
985:Toronto
918:Feeding
805:garbage
797:carrion
785:rodents
781:mammals
773:lizards
745:mussels
737:leeches
657:Oakland
617:in the
528:Quechua
448:In the
336:of his
294:Eurasia
163:Genus:
143:Order:
133:Class:
78: (
2108:Herons
2000:159123
1987:368423
1974:313126
1935:bcnher
1870:174832
1815:GNAB:
1764:EURING
1743:NYKTNY
1730:bcnher
1704:bcnher
1633:bcnihe
1552:1 June
1511:
1476:
1433:
1334:
1286:
1178:
966:Cyprus
951:Cyprus
905:Tobago
777:snakes
576:Weight
570:Length
520:, and
497:кваква
422:Gmelin
382:nuktos
284:), or
246:
240:
234:
2062:WoRMS
1995:WoRMS
1852:IRMNG
1782:96640
1751:EUNIS
1725:eBird
1717:485KR
1701:BOW:
1694:10069
1546:(PDF)
1535:(PDF)
1431:JSTOR
1234:2 May
1230:. PBS
1000:Nepal
801:plant
789:birds
761:frogs
749:squid
677:Roman
607:Chile
523:waqwa
482:Czech
454:quark
403:Four
386:korax
348:Ardea
344:genus
298:heron
2049:GBIF
1956:ODNR
1922:8901
1917:NCBI
1878:IUCN
1865:ITIS
1844:4981
1803:GBIF
1769:1040
1756:1162
1738:EPPO
1689:BOLD
1668:8396
1554:2018
1509:PMID
1474:ISSN
1369:2017
1332:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1265:2021
1236:2016
1207:2020
1176:ISBN
1134:2022
1057:2021
1040:2019
936:Utah
867:and
793:eggs
733:fish
605:and
553:quok
487:квак
467:kwak
392:and
274:The
211:1758
137:Aves
1904:NBN
1826:IBC
1712:CoL
1640:ADW
1629:ABA
1501:doi
1466:doi
1454:117
1423:doi
1044:doi
888:Egg
759:),
698:or
647:in
557:woc
555:or
526:in
516:in
506:in
503:vạc
490:in
480:in
378:nux
292:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
