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136:, are even older. Statues are often made of wood but are occasionally made of stone, painted, and up to 75 cm (30 in) tall. They fall into two main groups: free-standing upright figures or seated figures on a throne. About 400–500 Black Madonnas have been recorded in Europe, with the number related to how they are classified. There are at least 180
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Some scholars have chosen to explore the significance of the dark-skinned complexion to pilgrims and worshippers rather than focusing on whether this depiction was intentional. By virtue of their unusual presence, the Black
Madonnas have sometimes acted to make their shrines revered pilgrimage sites.
155:
Black
Madonnas come in different forms. Speculations behind the basis of the dark hue of each individual icon or statue vary greatly and some have been controversial. Explanations range from Madonnas made from dark wood, or Madonnas that have turned darker over time, due to factors such as aging or
195:
on
December 28, 1952. Moss divided the images into three categories: (1) dark brown or black Madonnas with physiognomy and skin pigmentation matching that of the indigenous population; (2) various art forms that have turned black as a result of certain physical factors such as deterioration of
196:
lead-based pigments, accumulated smoke from the use of votive candles, and accumulation of grime over the ages, and (3) miracle-worker
Madonnas, the focus of the study, Black Madonnas found in areas of a Roman legion and, therefore, not a reflection of the current population's skin colour.
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into the potential pagan origins of the cult of the black
Madonna and child. Another suggestion is that dark-skinned representations of pre-Christian deities were re-envisioned as the Madonna and child.
2900:
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alone. There are hundreds of copies made since the medieval era. Some are displayed in museums, but most are in churches or shrines and are venerated by believers. Some are associated with
1228:. The icon presented today is an 1807 copy of the fifteenth century Madonna. Blackened by the hosts of candles, the second Madonna was known from the sixteenth century as Our Lady La Noire
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221:, to reflect an earlier 19th-century painted style. The statue is no longer a "Black Madonna" and the restoration was severely criticized for wiping away the past.
1677:): Our Lady of Crea. In the hillside Sanctuary at Crea (Santuario di Crea), a cedar-wood figure, said to be one of three Black Virgins brought to Italy from the
229:
attributes the importance of the dark-skinned depiction to its connection with authenticity. The reason for this connection is the perceived age of the figures.
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form of the "Black Queen". Seemingly of Neo-Templar origin, it is dated between 1600–1800 CE, was discovered in 2003, and destroyed by vandalism in 2012.
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The first notable study in
English of the origin and meaning of the Black Madonnas appears to have been presented by Leonard Moss at a meeting of the
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TROJA CHATEAU chapel- original "Montserrat
Madonna" from Old Town Byzantine building (pg.100 of Martin Krummholz ISBN 978-80-7010-131-5)
315:
Tsuruoka city, Yamagata prefecture: Tsuruoka
Tenshudô Catholic Church features a black Madonna statue given by France during Meiji period
215:, a replica of an original destroyed during the French Revolution. Restoration work on the cathedral resulted in the painting in 2014 of
4811:
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4197:"TEL AVIV, ISRAEL - MARCH 2, 2015: The Icon of black Madonna from st. Peters church in old Jaffa by unknown artist from end of 19. Cent"
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Scheer, Monique (2002). "From
Majesty to Mystery: Change in the Meanings of Black Madonnas from the Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries".
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4172:"Tel Aviv - the Icon of Black Madonna from St. Peters Church in Old Jaffa Stock Image - Image of jaffa, architecture: 56128953"
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966:). It was destroyed during the Revolution, but replaced at the Restoration with a copy that continues to be venerated.
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This article is about the
Christian depiction of the Virgin Mary. For the DJ formerly known as The Black Madonna, see
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1817:. Statue in gold garments, object of a major three-day festival that attracts over 350,000 people to this small town.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193137/https://www.bystreetsky.com/bystreetsky-art?lightbox=dataItem-j74w6ola
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Maria Farneti and Bruno Bartoletti, "Gubbio: The Italian Rennes-le-Chateau", 'Hera', issue 43, September 2005
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Moss, Leonard W.; Cappannari, Stephen C. (1953). "The Black Madonna: An Example of Culture Borrowing".
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in origin or style, some of which were produced in 13th or 14th-century Italy. Other examples from the
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97:, where both figures are depicted with dark skin. Examples of the Black Madonna can be found both in
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The Jungian scholar, San Begg published a study of Black Virgins and their possible pagan origins.
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or Our Lady Appeared (Nossa Senhora Aparecida or Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida) in the
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Darang, Josephine. "Special Mass for Our Lady of Piat held July 9 at Sto. Domingo Church",
1612:
Madonna Bruna: restoration work in the 1990s found a medieval statue with later additions.
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4251:"Jerusalem - mosaic of Madonna in Dormition abbey Sticker • Pixers® • We live to change"
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188:(1888), Marie Durand-Lefebvre (1937), Emile Saillens (1945), and Jacques Huynen (1972).
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4237:"Jerusalem - mosaic of Madonna in Dormition abbey Poster • Pixers® • We live to change"
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Research into the Black Madonna phenomenon is limited. Begg links the refrain from the
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Windsor, Ontario -Black Madonna chapel located at Italian banquet hall Ciociaro club.
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In the United States, a reproduction of Our Lady of the Hermits was gifted to the
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4019:"IL MONTE TEMPIO E LA PIRAMIDE DI GUBBIO" by Mario Farneti & Bruno Bartoletti
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gave the cathedral an ebony image of the Blessed Virgin clothed in gold brocade (
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181:. Recently, however, interest in this subject has gathered more momentum.
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4223:"Zdjęcie Stock: Tel Aviv - Icon of black Madonna from st. Peters church"
3858:
3285:
Ramm, Benjamin. "A Controversial Restoration That Wipes Away the Past",
2111:
there are two reproductions of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa: One in
731:
5187:
5141:
5136:
4696:
3921:"Gypsy's Pilgrimage – Les Saintes Maries de la Mer – Camargue – France"
3742:"Notre Dame du Puy, Cathedrale...: Photo by Photographer Dennis Aubrey"
3642:"A Controversial Restoration That Wipes Away the Past (Published 2017)"
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Black Madonna in modern art - see Black Madonna by BystreetSky Artist
3040:
958:: In 1254 when passing through on his return from the Holy Land Saint
184:
Important early studies of dark-skinned holy images in France were by
5278:
4298:
Rozett, Ella. "Index of Black Madonnas Worldwide", InterfaithMary.net
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also known as Our Lady of St. Theodore (Федоровская Богоматерь), in
3313:
2045:. (This can mean 'tanned Madonna', 'brown Madonna', or 'Madonna of
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4690:
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Attached to a marble pillar in the crypt: Black madonna with child
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Our Lady of the Rule of Opon in Lapu-lapu City, Cebu, Philippines
2816:
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2024:
1110:
927:
663:
109:
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Baybay, Felicito S., "Patron Ng Kapayapaan At Mga Manlalakbay"
1093:, in the motherhouse of the Sisters of St. Thomas of Villanova
830:
2707:
former Norwegian province. Black madonna with beheaded child
4056:"Gay Madonnas in Montevergine: The Feast of Mamma Schiavona"
4381:
Sciorra, Joseph. "The Black Madonna of Thirteenth Street",
4031:"Il santuario di Montevergine: La Madonna di Montevergine"
1025:(Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Privat de Mende)
3590:"Church of Our Lady Below the Chain in Prague", Prague.cz
3088:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
4103:"Pilgrims crowd church where Mother Teresa once prayed"
3985:
Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe
3467:"Our Lady Of The Rule National Shrine – Quirks of Life"
3608:
Channell, J., "Notre-Dame des Graces", Aix-en-Provence
3510:
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
3270:
Filler, Martin "A Scandalous Makeover at Chartres",
5398:
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5092:
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4079:Collegamento Nazionale Santuari (10 October 2016).
193:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
85:tends to refer to statues or paintings in Western
339:Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje de Antipolo
2066:, covered in a decorative silver shield, at the
310:Black Madonna at Catholic Tsuruoka Church, Japan
1709:: The Niger-Regin square, discovered carved in
1616:, meaning "I am black but beautiful" (from the
1391:Schloss- und Wallfahrtskirche Mariä Himmelfahrt
16:Artistic depiction of the Virgin Mary and Jesus
3161:"Black Madonnas: Origin, History, Controversy"
3027:, Michigan: Shrine of the Black Madonna Church
2381:), considered by some as the custodian of the
2092:houses a reproduction of the Black Madonna of
1998:Nativity of Our Most Holy Mother of God church
4653:
4411:
2875:Church of Our Lady of Czestochowa, Nottingham
2665:The Enslavement of Our Lady of the Tabernacle
2658:
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454:
437:
421:
405:
389:
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344:Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage of Antipolo
337:
69:Madonna at House of the Black Madonna, Prague
8:
4293:Channell, J., "Black Virgin Sites in France"
3207:
3205:
2650:La Esclavitud de Nuestra Señora del Sagrario
998:; Notre-Dame d'Huveaune, Saint-Giniez Church
522:
216:
210:
204:
3903:"Partying with the Gypsies in the Camargue"
2100:to Our Lady of Częstochowa is located near
274:, Popenguine: "Notre-Dame de la Délivrance"
5298:
5027:
4948:
4735:
4660:
4646:
4638:
4523:The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland
4418:
4404:
4396:
4374:Black Madonnas and other Mysteries of Mary
4363:Black Madonna Pilgrimage to Central France
3255:L'Atmosphère : Météorologie populaire
2999:National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa
2086:National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa
177:, ‘I am black, and I am beautiful’ to the
5084:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
2901:Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles
4383:Voices: The Journal of New York Folklore
4368:Black Madonna photo collection on Flickr
4008:Gubbio e il mysterious del "NIGER REGIN"
3033:, Illinois: Monastery of the Holy Cross
2576:, named after the local mountain called
2379:Our Lady of Regla or the Virgin of Regla
1620:, 1:5), is inscribed round a newer base.
980:, statue destroyed in 1793, copy of 1857
668:Assumption of Virgin Mary Minor Basilica
3744:. photo.net. 2007-11-09. Archived from
3152:
2924:: Nuestra Señora de Regla (Spanish for
2763:Catholic Church Saint Francis of Assisi
1572:: Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
1557:Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception,
439:Nuestra Señora de la Visitación de Piat
4264:Dhalai, Richard, "La Divina Pastora",
3177:
3175:
1918:is believed to have heard her calling.
1763:Santuario-Basilica SS Carmine Maggiore
685:The Church of Our Lady Under the Chain
652:Our Lady of Bistrica, Queen of Croatia
4081:"Madonna del Sacro Monte di Viggiano"
2601:Rianxo (Galicia): Virgen de Guadalupe
2002:Ohrid, Church: Madonna with the child
1351:Wallfahrtskirche St. Johannes Baptist
1107:, nommée encore Notre-Dame-de-la-Cité
913:Basilica of Notre Dame de Bon Secours
890:Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrande
7:
4353:The Black Madonna "The work of God"
3720:"Notre Dame de La Chapelle Geneste"
2275:Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church
944:,(Seine-Maritime): statue near the
148:and attract substantial numbers of
2819:of the Theotokos on the island of
2442:Our Lady of Guadalupe, Extremadura
1595:Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church
1535:Hidden church of the Black Madonna
735:The statue of the Black Virgin at
379:Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados
23:. For other uses of the term, see
14:
2019:, a medieval painting brought to
1996:, Monastery: Madonna icon in the
1885:Santuario Madonna del Sacro Monte
923:Notre Dame de La Chapelle Geneste
203:, there were two Black Madonnas:
5443:
5432:
5431:
4722:
4610:
4596:
4127:. Luxembourg City Tourist Office
4101:Yonat Shimron (17 August 2016).
3654:from the original on 2019-12-13.
3014:Cathedral of St. John the Divine
2990:Black Madonna Shrine and Grottos
2845:The Queen of the Carpathian Land
1748:(lit. "Slave Mamma") located at
3901:Garth Cartwright (2011-03-26).
2905:Our Lady of the Angels Basilica
2802:Chiesa di Santa Maria di Loreto
2736:located in St. Meinrad, Indiana
2660:Catedral Primada de Santa María
2614:Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria
2157:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Nazaré
1278:Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting
1145:Black Virgin of the Rains River
892:, "Notre-Dame de la Délivrande"
617:Notre-Dame des Récollets Church
5411:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
4832:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
4827:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
3302:The American Historical Review
3257:(1888), édition avec gravures
2533:" in the Benedictine abbey of
2027:, depicting a statue found in
1301:Chapel of the Miraculous Image
1091:Notre-Dame de Bonne Délivrance
1078:Sanctuaire Notre-Dame de Myans
764:Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur d'Aix
689:Kostel Panny Marie pod řetězem
613:Black Virgin of the Recollects
456:Nuestra Señora de la Salvación
391:Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso
25:Black Madonna (disambiguation)
1:
4385:, Vol. 30, Spring-Summer 2004
3020:Church of St. Ignatius Loyola
2343:), named after the mountain,
1789:church of Santa Maria Assunta
1187:): statue of the 12th century
881:Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon
524:„Schwarze Madonna von Loreto"
423:Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia
266:Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
46:Black Madonna of Outremeuse,
3963:. 2007-12-19. Archived from
3767:"Black Virgin of Marseilles"
3668:. 2007-12-19. Archived from
3272:The New York Review of Books
3185:The Cult of the Black Virgin
2569:Virgen de la Peña de Francia
2064:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
1946:Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn
1711:the cave of Sibilla Eugubina
1631:in Black Madonna costume in
1378:St. Maria in der Kupfergasse
1343:Hirschberg an der Bergstraße
582:Onze Lieve Vrouw ter Gratiën
572:La Vierge Noire d'Outremeuse
292:Our Lady of Guidance, Manila
156:candle smoke, to a study by
36:Black Madonna of Częstochowa
4266:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday
3877:visit-dordogne-valley.co.uk
2825:Theological School of Halki
2574:The Virgin of France's Rock
2457:Nuestra Señora de la Merced
2437:Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
2336:Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza
2291:St. Anne's Church, Koprivna
1912:Church of the Black Madonna
1829:Maria Santissima dei poveri
1776:Madonna di Monte Tranquillo
1315:Karmeliterkirche St. Joseph
691:) The Black Madonna on the
382:(Our Lady of the Abandoned)
264:: Madonna and child inside
5500:
4147:"Książka - Czarna Madonna"
3620:"Black Virgin of Aurillac"
3595:November 29, 2014, at the
3562:"Brno – The Black Madonna"
2422:The Virgin of the Miracles
2295:the altar of Black Madonna
2287:Koprivna, Črna na Koroškem
2084:In the United States, the
2023:by a merchant in the year
1955:Our Lady of the Pine Woods
1932:Our Lady of the Pine Woods
1815:Saint Severus Bishop Faeto
1570:Cathedral Basilica of Eger
1559:Cathedral Basilica of Eger
1174:, the patron saint of the
868:the Black Virgin of Cusset
723:Vierge noire de Graville (
693:House of the Black Madonna
591:Our Lady of Scherpenheuvel
396:Our Lady of the Good Event
108:The paintings are usually
18:
5427:
5030:
4878:Bilocation to Saint James
4720:
4605:
4594:
4433:
4427:Titles of the Virgin Mary
3789:"Black Virgin of Mauriac"
3497:Philippine Daily Enquirer
3018:New York City, New York:
3006:: Our Lady of Czestochowa
2535:Santa Maria de Montserrat
2520:Mare de Déu de Montserrat
2233:Theotokos of St. Theodore
1750:Sanctuary of Montevergine
1733:Basilica della Santa Casa
1170:and festival celebrating
746:Black Madonna of Toulouse
561:(Flemish Brabant) :
492:Trabzon: Sümela Monastery
455:
438:
422:
406:
390:
378:
358:
338:
4930:Protoevangelium of James
4358:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
3666:"Notre Dame de Clermont"
3423:"Experiencetsuruoka.com"
3042:Church of the Assumption
2995:Doylestown, Pennsylvania
2477:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
2408:El Puerto de Santa María
2251:Black Virgin of Taganrog
2090:Doylestown, Pennsylvania
1872:Santa Maria della Salute
1803:"La Madonna del Soccorso
1717:, is considered to be a
1462:Kapelle Schwarze Madonna
1409:Schlosskirche St. Marien
1218:Notre-Dame de la Daurade
1157:Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
1065:Notre-Dame du Mont-Tombe
992:Notre-Dame-de-Confession
849:Notre-Dame-de-Sous-Terre
822:Notre-Dame de Vassivière
810:Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise
212:Notre Dame de Sous-Terre
5321:Golden Madonna of Essen
4910:Woman of the Apocalypse
4105:. Religion News Service
3939:"Notre Dame du Château"
3925:avignon-et-provence.com
3512:"Sümela Monastry (sic)"
3188:. Chiron Publications.
3070:Nossa Senhora Aparecida
3004:Jersey City, New Jersey
2871:Our Lady of Częstochowa
2728:Our Lady of the Hermits
2679:Our Lady of Torreciudad
2511:Monistrol de Montserrat
2383:Rule of Saint Augustine
2374:Nuestra Señora de Regla
2080:Our Lady of Czestochowa
1513:St. Johannes, Kreuzberg
1437:): Einsiedelner Kapelle
1383:Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim
1338:Pfarrkirche St. Cäcilia
1119:Notre-Dame du Marthuret
1010:Notre Dame des Miracles
713:Saint-Jouan-des-Guérets
683:; The Black Madonna in
681:The Madonna of Breznice
672:St Thomas's Abbey, Brno
428:Our Lady of Peñafrancia
407:Nuestra Señora de Regla
5198:Alma Redemptoris Mater
5147:Our Lady of Navigators
4617:Catholicism portal
4588:Our Lady of the Pillar
4583:Our Lady of Navigators
4578:Our Lady of Luxembourg
4473:Lady of Perpetual Help
4317:List of Black Madonnas
3961:"Vierge des Croisades"
3851:"Black Virgin of Riom"
3214:The Scientific Monthly
3071:
2974:Our Lady of Montserrat
2827:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2623:
2613:
2594:
2586:Santiago de Compostela
2578:
2568:
2548:
2529:
2519:
2500:
2476:
2456:
2436:
2417:Virgen de los Milagros
2416:
2396:
2373:
2367:
2351:
2345:
2335:
2322:
2315:Basilica of Candelaria
2184:Maica Domnului Siriaca
2121:Abbey of the Dormition
2074:
2039:, and widely known as
1937:
1635:
1621:
1565:
1522:North Rhine-Westphalia
1509:North Rhine-Westphalia
1334:North Rhine-Westphalia
1324:North Rhine-Westphalia
1288:
1132:Our Lady of Rocamadour
1056:Notre-Dame de Vauclair
747:
739:
728:
716:
638:
627:Notre-Dame de Walcourt
550:De Zwerte Lieve Vrouwe
523:
520:St. Andrä im Lavanttal
359:Nuestra Señora de Guía
329:
311:
293:
233:List of Black Madonnas
217:
211:
205:
70:
62:
51:
39:
5383:Theotokos of Vladimir
4812:Presentation of Jesus
4749:Immaculate Conception
4669:Mary, mother of Jesus
4563:Our Lady of Guadalupe
4458:Immaculate Conception
4348:New Brunswick, Canada
4340:Black Madonna gallery
3084:Our Lady of Aparecida
3069:
3037:Westport, Connecticut
2949:Our Lady of Guadalupe
2861:Our Lady of Willesden
2810:
2734:St. Meinrad Archabbey
2564:Province of Salamanca
2308:
2255:Taganrog Old Cemetery
2119:, and another in the
2061:
1930:
1807:The Madonna of Succor
1697:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
1648:Black Virgin of Oropa
1627:
1614:Nigra sum sed formosa
1608:
1556:
1276:
1199:Notre-Dame du Château
886:Douvres-la-Délivrande
845:Cathedral of Chartres
787:Notre-Dame des Neiges
773:Notre-Dame des Champs
760:Notre-Dame des Graces
745:
734:
722:
710:
636:
587:Scherpenheuvel-Zichem
563:Sint-Martinusbasiliek
542:, "Our Lady of Regla"
528:Basilica Maria Loreto
461:Our Lady of Salvation
327:
309:
291:
284:: "The Black Madonna"
68:
57:
45:
33:
4568:Our Lady of the Hens
4558:Our Lady of the Fire
4463:Lady of Good Counsel
2768:Metzerlen-Mariastein
2750:Santa Maria Loretana
2619:Virgin of Candelaria
2525:Virgin of Montserrat
2504:(Our Lady of Lluc),
2448:Jerez de la Frontera
2311:Virgin of Candelaria
2242:Our Lady of Wladimir
2161:the legend of Nazaré
2068:Jasna Góra Monastery
2042:Il-Madonna tas-Samra
1868:Madonna della Salute
1656:Canneto Valley near
1499:Rhineland-Palatinate
1495:Boppard-Herschwiesen
1471:Rhineland-Palatinate
1458:Rhineland-Palatinate
1449:Regensburg Cathedral
1426:St. Boniface's Abbey
1387:Rhineland-Palatinate
1374:Nord Rhein Westfalen
1311:Rhineland-Palatinate
1035:): St. Michel Church
978:Notre-Dame de Liesse
936:Notre-Dame Cathedral
600:Our Lady of Flanders
554:St. Catherine Church
412:Our Lady of the Rule
364:Our Lady of Guidance
199:In the cathedral at
169:Studies and research
5365:Madonna del Rosario
5269:Maria mater gratiae
5245:Sub tuum praesidium
5203:Ave Regina caelorum
5157:Our Lady of Victory
5152:Our Lady of Sorrows
4795:Virginal motherhood
4769:Perpetual virginity
4622:Christianity portal
4573:Our Lady of Lourdes
4548:Our Lady of Charity
4203:on January 18, 2022
4125:"St. John's Church"
3289:, September 1, 2017
3274:, December 14, 2014
3226:1953SciMo..76..319M
3112:The Brunette Virgin
2955:Trinidad and Tobago
2772:Canton of Solothurn
2655:Cathedral of Toledo
2549:Virgen de la Encina
2501:Mare de Déu de Lluc
2472:Community of Madrid
2432:Province of Cáceres
2392:Province of Cáceres
2237:Theophany Monastery
2137:Our Lady of Loretto
1842:Our Lady of Tindari
1811:St. Severinus Abbot
1518:Wuppertal-Beyenburg
1263:Saint-Blaise Church
1251:): statue on a hill
996:Abbey of St. Victor
919:La Chapelle-Geneste
418:Naga, Camarines Sur
218:Notre Dame de Pilar
206:Notre Dame de Pilar
91:Blessed Virgin Mary
21:The Blessed Madonna
5482:Catholic sculpture
5477:Catholic paintings
5472:Virgin Mary in art
5406:Life of the Virgin
5122:Life-giving Spring
5112:Help of Christians
4822:Return to Nazareth
4764:Marriage to Joseph
4627:Visual arts portal
4553:Our Lady of Fátima
4503:Madonna of Majesty
4483:Lady of the Rosary
4448:Help of Christians
4303:2017-10-07 at the
3839:Mariancalendar.org
3815:interfaithmary.net
3695:interfaithmary.net
3647:The New York Times
3452:2014-08-08 at the
3398:interfaithmary.net
3369:interfaithmary.net
3340:interfaithmary.net
3287:The New York Times
3182:Begg, Ean (2017).
3072:
2865:Shrine of Our Lady
2857:St. Mary Willesden
2828:
2744:, Valle Verzasca (
2635:Province of Toledo
2482:Our Lady of Atocha
2402:Our Lady of Argeme
2368:la Virgen de Regla
2346:Cerro de la Cabeza
2341:Our Lady of Cabeza
2323:
2211:: Madona Neagra –
2202:: Madona Neagra –
2188:Manastirea Ghighiu
2113:St. Peter's Church
2075:
2017:Our Lady of Atoċja
1951:Our Lady of Šiluva
1938:
1855:Madonna della Neve
1787:): Located in the
1666:Madonna di Canneto
1652:sanctuary of Oropa
1636:
1622:
1591:Our Lady of Dublin
1566:
1356:Schloss Hohenstein
1330:Düsseldorf-Benrath
1299:): Gnadenkapelle (
1289:
1240:Our Lady of Anjony
1163:) Avignon: Annual
960:Louis IX of France
950:Abbaye de Graville
900:Chapelle des Dunes
818:Saint-André Church
796:Our Lady of Beaune
748:
740:
729:
717:
639:
330:
312:
294:
252:Our Lady of Africa
186:Camille Flammarion
71:
63:
52:
40:
5459:
5458:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5327:The Golden Virgin
5047:Catholic churches
5019:
5018:
4938:
4937:
4817:Flight into Egypt
4807:Nativity of Jesus
4714:Brothers of Jesus
4635:
4634:
3873:"The Sanctuaries"
2986:Pacific, Missouri
2965:La Divina Pastora
2927:Our Lady of Regla
2755:Uetikon upon Lake
2592:): A replica of "
2552:(Our Lady of the
2462:Our Lady Of Mercy
2452:Province of Cádiz
2412:Province of Cádiz
2363:Province of Cádiz
1982:St. John's Church
1671:Casale Monferrato
1485:Baden-Württemberg
1477:Stetten ob Lontal
1435:Baden-Württemberg
1405:Baden-Württemberg
1347:Baden-Württemberg
1245:Vaison-la-Romaine
1226:Place du Capitole
1105:Eglise de Guéodet
1087:Neuilly-sur-Seine
1061:Mont-Saint-Michel
970:Liesse-Notre-Dame
964:Notre-Dame du Puy
604:Tournai Cathedral
58:Black Madonna of
50:, in a procession
5489:
5447:
5435:
5434:
5299:
5284:Three Hail Marys
5240:Ave maris stella
5117:Immaculate Heart
5028:
4949:
4837:Passion of Jesus
4736:
4726:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4615:
4614:
4600:
4498:Madonna Advocata
4478:Lady of the Sign
4420:
4413:
4406:
4397:
4323:The Black Virgin
4281:
4279:Nationaltrust.tt
4276:
4270:
4268:, March 19, 2007
4261:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4199:. Archived from
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4174:. Archived from
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4149:. Archived from
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4060:The White Review
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4033:. Archived from
4027:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3945:. Archived from
3935:
3929:
3928:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3879:. Archived from
3869:
3863:
3862:
3857:. Archived from
3847:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3817:. Archived from
3807:
3801:
3800:
3795:. Archived from
3785:
3779:
3778:
3773:. Archived from
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3726:. Archived from
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3697:. Archived from
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3626:. Archived from
3616:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3568:. Archived from
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3539:. Archived from
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3473:. Archived from
3471:quirksoflife.com
3462:
3456:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3425:. Archived from
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3400:. Archived from
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3371:. Archived from
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3342:. Archived from
3332:
3326:
3325:
3308:(5): 1412–1440.
3297:
3291:
3282:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3157:
3108:La Virgen Morena
2897:Cartago Province
2863:): The original
2841:Hoshiv Monastery
2837:Tsarytsya Karpat
2811:One of three of
2798:Canton of Ticino
2785:Canton of Ticino
2776:Mariastein Abbey
2759:Canton of Zürich
2746:Canton of Ticino
2724:Canton of Schwyz
2662:
2652:
2642:
2626:
2616:
2597:
2581:
2571:
2551:
2544:Province of León
2532:
2522:
2503:
2496:Balearic Islands
2479:
2459:
2439:
2419:
2399:
2397:Virgen de Argeme
2376:
2370:
2354:
2348:
2338:
2331:Province of Jaén
2196:
2181:
2102:Eureka, Missouri
1976:Luxembourg-Grund
1909:
1847:Torre Annunziata
1629:Street performer
1481:Niederstotzingen
1236:Château d'Anjony
1195:Bouches-du-Rhône
1153:
988:Bouches-du-Rhône
938:, statue of 1848
921:, (Haute-Loire:
898:, (Nord) :
854:Clermont-Ferrand
843:): crypt of the
805:Our Lady de Gray
756:Bouches-du-Rhône
526:
458:
444:Our Lady of Piat
441:
425:
409:
393:
381:
361:
341:
220:
214:
208:
5499:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5415:
5394:
5347:
5338:Queen of Heaven
5288:
5176:
5162:Star of the Sea
5088:
5015:
4999:
4934:
4916:
4863:
4775:
4727:
4718:
4671:
4666:
4636:
4631:
4609:
4601:
4592:
4543:Virgin of Mercy
4538:Star of the Sea
4528:Queen of Heaven
4508:Nursing Madonna
4488:Lady of Sorrows
4429:
4424:
4313:
4305:Wayback Machine
4289:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4181:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4040:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4013:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3987:, Norman Davies
3983:
3979:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3949:on 14 May 2008.
3937:
3936:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3886:
3884:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3861:on 14 May 2008.
3849:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3822:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3799:on 14 May 2008.
3787:
3786:
3782:
3777:on 15 May 2008.
3765:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3730:on 14 May 2008.
3718:
3717:
3713:
3704:
3702:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3630:on 15 May 2008.
3618:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3597:Wayback Machine
3588:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3546:
3544:
3533:"Your Question"
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3499:, June 26, 2011
3493:
3489:
3480:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3454:Wayback Machine
3445:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3283:
3279:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3249:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3142:Sofia, Bulgaria
3131:La virgen negra
3121:
3096:
3064:
3059:
3049:
2982:
2957:
2937:
2922:Havana Province
2914:
2889:
2884:
2853:
2833:
2716:
2687:
2579:Peña de Francia
2352:Cerro de Cabezo
2303:
2283:
2263:
2229:Kostroma Oblast
2221:
2213:Biserica Dichiu
2204:Biserica Cacica
2190:
2175:
2169:
2153:Oeste Subregion
2145:
2056:
2009:
1990:
1963:
1925:
1903:
1893:
1746:Mamma Schiavona
1603:
1579:
1551:
1531:
1422:Theatine Church
1360:Upper Franconia
1271:
1216:: The basilica
1147:
1033:Alpes-Maritimes
956:Le Puy-en-Velay
833:): 13th century
827:Bourg-en-Bresse
752:Aix-en-Provence
705:
660:
648:Marija Bistrica
644:
637:Marija Bistrica
536:
504:
499:
489:
470:
334:Antipolo, Rizal
322:
320:The Philippines
304:
299:
240:
235:
175:Song of Solomon
171:
142:Southern France
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5464:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5441:
5428:
5425:
5424:
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5420:
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5413:
5408:
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5400:
5396:
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5345:
5340:
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5318:
5313:
5307:
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5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5225:Fátima prayers
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5167:Seat of Wisdom
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
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4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4533:Seat of Wisdom
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
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4423:
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4387:
4378:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4312:
4311:External links
4309:
4308:
4307:
4295:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4256:
4242:
4228:
4214:
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3356:
3327:
3322:10.1086/532852
3314:10.1086/532852
3292:
3277:
3262:
3247:
3220:(6): 319–324.
3201:
3195:978-1630514419
3194:
3171:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3125:Black Nazarene
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3104:Elqui Province
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3063:
3060:
3058:
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3054:
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3048:
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2851:United Kingdom
2849:
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2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2738:
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2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2694:
2691:Lund Cathedral
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2668:
2628:
2609:Canary Islands
2602:
2599:
2583:
2557:
2537:
2508:
2506:Lluc Monastery
2485:
2465:
2445:
2425:
2405:
2385:
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2302:
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2141:
2140:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2105:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2031:, a parish in
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1948:
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1080:
1067:
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1049:
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1026:
1012:
999:
981:
967:
953:
946:Graville Abbey
939:
925:
916:
902:
893:
883:
870:
861:
851:
834:
824:
807:
798:
789:
776:
766:
704:
701:
697:
696:
674:
659:
658:Czech Republic
656:
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643:
640:
631:
630:
620:
606:
593:
584:
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543:
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485:
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483:
476:
469:
466:
465:
464:
447:
431:
415:
402:Lapu-Lapu City
399:
383:
374:City of Manila
367:
354:City of Manila
347:
321:
318:
317:
316:
303:
300:
298:
295:
286:
285:
275:
269:
255:
239:
236:
234:
231:
227:Monique Scheer
179:Queen of Sheba
170:
167:
138:Vierges Noires
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5495:
5494:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5452:
5451:
5450:Saints Portal
5446:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
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5381:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5359:Agiosoritissa
5357:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5316:Black Madonna
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
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5267:
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5258:
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5243:
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5238:
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5233:
5232:
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5221:
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5211:
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5186:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5131:of all graces
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
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5085:
5082:
5080:
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5072:
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5026:
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5006:
5002:
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4986:
4984:
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4977:
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4972:
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4962:
4959:
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4931:
4928:
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4923:
4919:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
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4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
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4873:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4853:
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4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
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4838:
4835:
4833:
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4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
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4813:
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4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
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4689:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
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4651:
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4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Mystical Rose
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4468:Lady of Peace
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:Black Madonna
4436:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4376:– Ella Rozett
4375:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:– Karen Ralls
4324:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4178:on 2022-01-18
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4153:on 2022-01-18
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4104:
4097:
4094:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4037:on 2010-07-24
4036:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3967:on 2007-12-19
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3883:on 2014-07-05
3882:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3821:on 2017-08-11
3820:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3748:on 2009-02-07
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3701:on 2017-08-11
3700:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3672:on 2007-12-19
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3572:on 2013-09-28
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3543:on 2015-02-19
3542:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3513:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3491:
3488:
3477:on 2022-01-18
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3429:on 2017-09-03
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3404:on 2017-08-11
3403:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3375:on 2017-08-11
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3346:on 2017-08-11
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3110:(Spanish for
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3057:South America
3056:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:New York City
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:United States
2979:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2882:North America
2881:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:of Willesden.
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:'s surviving
2814:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2656:
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2647:), statue of
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1967:Esch-sur-Sûre
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909:Côtes-d'Armor
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76:Black Madonna
67:
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32:
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22:
5448:
5436:
5363:
5343:Stabat Mater
5325:
5315:
5213:Regina caeli
5208:Salve Regina
5107:Coredemptrix
5102:Christotokos
5062:month of May
4871:: later life
4852:Resurrection
4790:Annunciation
4759:Presentation
4742:: early life
4437:
4382:
4373:
4346:Jim Irvine,
4322:
4274:
4265:
4259:
4245:
4231:
4217:
4207:September 3,
4205:. Retrieved
4201:the original
4191:
4180:. Retrieved
4176:the original
4166:
4155:. Retrieved
4151:the original
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4074:
4063:. Retrieved
4059:
4050:
4039:. Retrieved
4035:the original
4025:
4014:
4003:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3969:. Retrieved
3965:the original
3955:
3947:the original
3942:
3933:
3924:
3915:
3907:the Guardian
3906:
3896:
3885:. Retrieved
3881:the original
3876:
3867:
3859:the original
3854:
3845:
3834:
3823:. Retrieved
3819:the original
3814:
3805:
3797:the original
3792:
3783:
3775:the original
3770:
3761:
3750:. Retrieved
3746:the original
3736:
3728:the original
3723:
3714:
3703:. Retrieved
3699:the original
3694:
3685:
3674:. Retrieved
3670:the original
3660:
3645:
3636:
3628:the original
3623:
3614:
3603:
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3570:the original
3565:
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3545:. Retrieved
3541:the original
3536:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3505:
3496:
3490:
3479:. Retrieved
3475:the original
3470:
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3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3417:
3406:. Retrieved
3402:the original
3397:
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3377:. Retrieved
3373:the original
3368:
3359:
3348:. Retrieved
3344:the original
3339:
3330:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3254:
3250:
3217:
3213:
3184:
3164:
3155:
3129:
3111:
3012:, New York:
2925:
2789:Black Chapel
2246:12th century
2062:Icon of the
2040:
1980:Luxembourg:
1768:Pescasseroli
1745:
1738:Montevergine
1715:Mount Ingino
1683:St. Eusebius
1613:
1395:Ludwigshafen
1137:Sainte Marie
1047:Meymac Abbey
841:Eure-et-Loir
698:
478:Korvi Mata,
278:South Africa
262:Yamoussoukro
223:
198:
190:
183:
172:
154:
137:
112:, which are
107:
95:Infant Jesus
82:Black Virgin
81:
80:
75:
74:
72:
5373:Derzhavnaya
5035:Apparitions
4842:Crucifixion
4131:21 November
4109:21 November
4086:21 November
3537:udayton.edu
3517:21 November
3165:udayton.edu
2945:Mexico City
2714:Switzerland
2671:Torreciudad
2645:Dark Virgin
2624:La Morenita
2595:La Moreneta
2530:La Moreneta
2244:, from the
2191: [
2176: [
2096:. A second
2094:Częstochowa
1904: [
1719:word square
1689:Castelmonte
1505:Wipperfürth
1208:Puy-de-Dôme
1148: [
1115:Puy-de-Dôme
858:Puy-de-Dôme
814:Puy-de-Dôme
711:Madonna of
451:Tiwi, Albay
118:Middle East
105:countries.
87:Christendom
5466:Categories
5390:Hodegetria
5311:Assumption
5264:Magnificat
5069:Feast days
5024:Veneration
4988:Protestant
4922:Apocryphal
4900:Coronation
4895:Assumption
4847:Deposition
4802:Visitation
4453:Hodegetria
4335:Pilgrimage
4330:Montserrat
4182:2020-09-03
4157:2020-09-03
4065:2024-07-27
4041:2024-07-27
3971:2009-07-25
3887:2014-08-06
3825:2014-08-06
3752:2009-07-25
3705:2014-08-06
3676:2009-07-25
3576:2013-08-16
3547:2014-08-06
3481:2014-08-06
3433:2017-09-03
3408:2014-08-06
3379:2014-08-06
3350:2014-08-06
3148:References
2970:Gran Couva
2887:Costa Rica
2821:Heybeliada
2720:Einsiedeln
2697:Skee Kyrka
2540:Ponferrada
1972:Luxembourg
1961:Luxembourg
1881:Basilicata
1795:San Severo
1681:c. 345 by
1658:Settefrati
1491:Windhausen
1467:Spabrücken
1441:Regensburg
1232:Tournemire
1168:pilgrimage
1124:Rocamadour
737:Rocamadour
474:Dhori Mata
5220:Ave Maria
5193:Antiphons
5172:Theotokos
5127:Mediatrix
5074:Patronage
5057:Devotions
5052:Christmas
4953:Christian
4944:Mariology
4905:Queenship
4883:Dormition
4869:Tradition
4859:Pentecost
4740:Tradition
4709:Elizabeth
4687:(husband)
3943:amigo.net
3855:amigo.net
3793:amigo.net
3771:amigo.net
3724:amigo.net
3691:"Douvres"
3624:amigo.net
3365:"Senegal"
3336:"Algiers"
3234:0096-3771
3137:Mariology
3100:Andacollo
3080:São Paulo
3076:Aparecida
2560:Salamanca
2515:Catalonia
2428:Guadalupe
2313:, in the
2271:Vojvodina
2209:Bucuresti
2125:Jerusalem
1988:Macedonia
1935:Lithuania
1923:Lithuania
1679:Holy Land
1320:Bielefeld
1307:Beilstein
1293:Altötting
1282:Altötting
1143:) :
1101:Finistère
1052:Molompize
1023:Cathedral
1021:) :
984:Marseille
896:Dunkerque
877:Côte-d'Or
512:Carinthia
508:Lavanttal
482:, Gujarat
480:Dediapada
386:Parañaque
370:Santa Ana
128:, mainly
114:Byzantine
73:The term
5438:Category
5274:Memorare
5235:Akathist
4993:Lutheran
4983:Orthodox
4966:Catholic
4961:Anglican
4705:(mother)
4699:(father)
4301:Archived
3811:"Meymac"
3652:Archived
3593:Archived
3450:Archived
3394:"Soweto"
3119:See also
2705:Bohuslän
2605:Tenerife
2554:Holm Oak
2359:Chipiona
2319:Tenerife
2281:Slovenia
2225:Kostroma
2143:Portugal
2133:Głogówek
2117:Tel Aviv
1914:, where
1877:Viggiano
1851:Campania
1825:Calabria
1821:Seminara
1785:Campania
1781:Positano
1759:Campania
1742:Campania
1693:Prepotto
1675:Piedmont
1644:Piedmont
1587:Leinster
1249:Vaucluse
1222:Toulouse
1214:Toulouse
1191:Tarascon
1181:Soissons
1161:Camarque
942:Le Havre
905:Guingamp
837:Chartres
801:Besançon
779:Aurillac
769:Arconsat
725:Le Havre
623:Walcourt
609:Verviers
546:Brussels
449:Joroan,
201:Chartres
162:Ean Begg
160:scholar
150:pilgrims
146:miracles
134:Ethiopia
122:Caucasus
103:Orthodox
99:Catholic
93:and the
60:Guingamp
38:, Poland
5399:Related
5188:Angelus
5181:Prayers
5142:Panagia
5137:New Eve
5079:Shrines
5011:Islamic
4971:history
4780:In the
4697:Joachim
4493:Madonna
4287:Sources
3566:brno.cz
3222:Bibcode
3031:Chicago
3025:Detroit
2961:Siparia
2941:Tepeyac
2893:Cartago
2831:Ukraine
2823:at the
2742:Sonogno
2653:in the
2621:), or "
2590:Galicia
2492:Majorca
2327:Andújar
2173:Ghighiu
2167:Romania
2159:; see:
2047:Samaria
1994:Kališta
1901:Letnica
1834:Tindari
1772:Abruzzo
1610:Tindari
1577:Ireland
1563:Hungary
1549:Hungary
1454:Remagen
1445:Bavaria
1431:Rastatt
1418:Bavaria
1364:Bavaria
1297:Bavaria
1269:Germany
1141:Réunion
1097:Quimper
1043:Corrèze
1002:Mauriac
642:Croatia
596:Tournai
534:Belgium
516:Austria
502:Austria
272:Senegal
248:Algiers
244:Algeria
158:Jungian
89:of the
5378:Eleusa
5279:Rosary
5257:Loreto
5252:Litany
5094:Titles
4685:Joseph
4677:Family
4443:Eleusa
3320:
3240:
3232:
3192:
3062:Brazil
3047:Canada
2935:Mexico
2813:Turkey
2794:Lugano
2781:Ascona
2685:Sweden
2675:Huesca
2631:Toledo
2527:) or "
2468:Madrid
2267:Apatin
2261:Serbia
2219:Russia
2200:Cacica
2149:Nazaré
2109:Israel
2098:shrine
2072:Poland
2054:Poland
2033:Madrid
2029:Atocha
2013:Ħamrun
1897:Vitina
1891:Kosovo
1864:Veneto
1860:Venice
1838:Sicily
1799:Apulia
1755:Naples
1729:Marche
1725:Loreto
1703:Gubbio
1640:Biella
1633:Venice
1583:Dublin
1529:Greece
1414:Munich
1401:Mainau
1259:Allier
1204:Thuret
1074:Savoie
1039:Meymac
1029:Menton
1019:Lozère
1006:Cantal
864:Cusset
792:Beaune
783:Cantal
703:France
677:Prague
540:Brugge
497:Europe
487:Turkey
350:Ermita
282:Soweto
238:Africa
126:Africa
5333:Pietà
5230:Hymns
5004:Other
4976:papal
4782:Bible
4754:Birth
4693:(son)
4691:Jesus
4518:Pietà
4344:Canon
3318:JSTOR
3242:20482
3238:JSTOR
3094:Chile
2918:Regla
2817:icons
2388:Coria
2301:Spain
2195:]
2180:]
2088:, in
2037:Spain
2021:Malta
2007:Malta
1908:]
1707:Italy
1662:Lazio
1601:Italy
1543:Crete
1539:Vamos
1255:Vichy
1185:Aisne
1152:]
1083:Paris
1070:Myans
1015:Mende
974:Aisne
932:Aisne
873:Dijon
568:Liège
559:Halle
468:India
302:Japan
130:Egypt
110:icons
48:Liège
5352:East
5303:West
5040:list
4888:Tomb
4732:Life
4703:Anne
4209:2020
4133:2020
4111:2020
4088:2020
3519:2020
3465:KD.
3230:ISSN
3190:ISBN
2912:Cuba
2701:Skee
2488:Lluc
2025:1630
1813:and
1370:Köln
1176:Roma
1172:Sara
1165:Roma
1111:Riom
928:Laon
715:(35)
664:Brno
578:Lier
297:Asia
132:and
101:and
34:The
5294:Art
4342:by
3310:doi
3306:107
3259:fr.
2843:):
2800:):
2787:):
2774:):
2761:):
2748:):
2726:):
2677:):
2663:) (
2637:):
2611:):
2566:):
2546:):
2517:):
2498:):
2474:):
2454:):
2434:):
2414:):
2394:):
2371:or
2365:):
2349:or
2333:):
2273:):
2231:):
2155:):
2123:in
2115:in
2107:In
2070:in
2049:'.)
1883:):
1866:):
1853:):
1840:):
1827:):
1809:),
1805:" (
1801:):
1774:):
1761:):
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1731:):
1713:on
1664:):
1646:):
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1460:):
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1336:):
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