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38:
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1915:. In the years that followed, "Lift Every Voice and Sing" was sung within Black communities; Johnson wrote that "the school children of Jacksonville kept singing it; they went off to other schools and sang it; they became teachers and taught it to other children. Within twenty years it was being sung over the South and in some other parts of the country."
1951:(NAACP) dubbed "Lift Every Voice and Sing" the "Negro national anthem", for its power in voicing a cry for liberation and affirmation for African American people. James Weldon Johnson would be appointed to serve as the NAACP's first executive secretary the following year. It has similarly been referred to as "the Black national anthem".
1939:. Savage was the only Black woman commissioned for the Fair, and the sculpture (which was retitled "The Harp" by organizers) was also sold as miniature replicas and on postcards during the event. Like other temporary installations, the sculpture was destroyed at the close of the fair.
110:
2157:, where she caused a controversy by substituting the words of "Lift Every Voice and Sing" into the song. This arrangement of the words of "Lift Every Voice and Sing" with the melody of "The Star-Spangled Banner" became part of the titular suite on her 2011 CD release,
1698:
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when the program hosted a Black guest; he stated that the hymn "connects us to the history of all the people who we stand on the shoulders of—who have marched and fought and died for the freedoms we enjoy and that we're trying to improve upon".
1988:
during public events, "It is evident in our actions as an organization and here in
America it is evidence that we are about inclusion, not exclusion. To claim that we as African-Americans want to form a confederation or separate ourselves from
107:
1854:" similarly used in the present day). It has been featured in 42 different Christian hymnals, and it has also been performed by various African American singers and musicians. Its prominence has increased since 2020 following the
3289:
2003:
sponsored HR 301, a bill that proposed that "Lift Every Voice and Sing" be designated as the national hymn of the United States. Other songs have been proposed to become the national hymn of the United States in the past, and
3709:
1570:
109:
1969:(which has inspired people to perform it outside African American communities), and "identity should be developed by the individual himself, not by a group of people who think they know what is best for you." Some
1502:
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1984:
that the hymn "was adopted and welcomed by a very interracial group, and it speaks of hope in being full first-class citizens in our society", used in conjunction with the U.S. national anthem or the
864:
4138:
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127:
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referenced the hymn in his action plan for addressing perceived racial disparities in the United States, which was titled "Lift Every Voice: The Biden Plan for Black
America". On June 19, 2020,
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for what protesters considered brutal policing of the Black community: it was sung during demonstrations and other events which were held in solidarity. Presidential candidate
2037:, the hymn is sung by the audience and students at Maya's eighth-grade graduation ceremony, after a white school official dashes the educational aspirations of her classmates.
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commentators have similarly criticized performances and references to "Lift Every Voice and Sing" as the "Black national anthem" as separatist and diminishing to "
3013:
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425:
297:
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1954:
The use of the term "the Black national anthem" in reference to "Lift Every Voice and Sing" has been criticized. Timothy Askew, an associate professor at the
1832:
in the late 19th century, the hymn is a prayer of thanksgiving to God as well as a prayer for faithfulness and freedom, with imagery that evokes the biblical
1955:
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2016:
In 1923, the male gospel group
Manhattan Harmony Four recorded the hymn as "Lift Every Voice and Sing (National Negro Anthem)". It was added to the
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2382:, musicians Mike Phillips and West Byrd quoted "Lift Every Voice and Sing" as part of their rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner", while the
2202:
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2390:. The decision came as part of a new social justice campaign being introduced by the NFL, stemming from the league's acknowledgements of the
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announced that "Lift Every Voice and Sing" would be played or performed as part of the pre-game ceremonies of all Week 1 games during the
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1970:
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969:
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felt that the NFL's decision was "pandering" that would not have a material impact on the league's pursuits of social justice.
2033:
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959:
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released a modern rendition of the hymn, which she recorded with the assistance of other singers, including R&B artists
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1932:
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530:
209:
37:
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2172:, used a near-verbatim recitation of the hymn's third stanza to begin his benediction at the inauguration ceremony for
1865:
sponsored a bill proposing that "Lift Every Voice and Sing" be designated as the "national hymn" of the United States.
4083:
4016:
4009:
3953:
2017:
1966:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
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821:
612:
582:
520:
469:
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287:
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1980:
In response to Askew's remarks, the NAACP's then-senior vice president of advocacy and policy Hilary O. Shelton told
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1839:
Premiered in 1900, "Lift Every Voice and Sing" was communally sung within Black
American communities, while the
4128:
3883:
2428:
The NFL stated that it would again feature the hymn at Week 1 games and other "tentpole" events (including the
2383:
2070:
2005:
1974:
1958:
1174:
954:
801:
685:
459:
340:
168:
3459:"Everything to Know About 'Lift Every Voice and Sing,' The Black Anthem Alicia Keys Performed at NFL Kick-Off"
2859:
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4113:
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367:
119:
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2319:
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1897:
387:
377:
357:
3484:"Super Bowl: Jazmine Sullivan, Eric Church Perform National Anthem; H.E.R. Rocks "America the Beautiful""
4118:
4051:
3897:
3441:"NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell says league was wrong for not listening to players earlier about racism"
3164:
2887:
2315:
2242:
1874:
1855:
1011:
1001:
933:
896:
680:
670:
570:
251:
2117:
2665:"The Story of the Black National Anthem, "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing", Written by James Weldon Johnson"
3995:
3772:
3762:
3587:
2915:"Conservatives Slam Vanessa Williams For Singing Black National Anthem During Fourth Of July Special"
2548:
2186:
2130:
1985:
1821:
1767:
1219:
464:
256:
189:
61:
4078:
4073:
3858:
1997:
1901:
1859:
1825:
1635:
1118:
1113:
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492:
323:
79:
2323:
1961:, argued that the use of the term "Black national anthem" could incorrectly implicate a desire of
3144:
2391:
2277:
attended by members of the NAACP, who were in Salt Lake City for a national leadership meeting.
2238:
1908:
1900:). "Lift Every Voice and Sing" was first recited by a group of 500 students in 1900. His brother
1006:
791:
558:
535:
224:
3611:
3558:
3115:
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3939:
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3803:
3345:
3281:
3119:
3056:
3014:"To help heal racial wounds, Black national anthem would become America's hymn under proposal"
2768:
2195:
2125:
2054:
which was produced by Wolper Films. The musical direction and recording were both overseen by
1886:
1829:
1191:
811:
652:
159:
3274:"'Lift Every Voice and Sing': The story behind the 'black national anthem' that Beyoncé sang"
3191:
2194:, occasionally worked "Lift Every Voice and Sing" into the music that was played by his band
3967:
3865:
3039:"Why Rep. James Clyburn is pushing to make 'Lift Every Voice and Sing' the US national hymn"
2410:
2363:
2351:
2314:
In mid-2020, "Lift Every Voice and Sing" began to receive renewed attention amid nationwide
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2143:
1912:
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771:
690:
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1965:
by Black communities, that the lyrics of the hymn do not overtly refer to any specific
1928:
1673:
1098:
1068:
826:
816:
647:
4067:
4023:
3822:
2422:
2339:
2285:
2245:, music professor Laura Ellis played "Lift Every Voice and Sing" on the university's
2223:
2165:
2113:
2105:
2059:
2028:
1893:
1742:
1737:
17:
2965:"Mayor Curry backs bill that would make 'Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing' a national hymn"
3890:
3812:
3757:
3312:"On this Juneteenth, watch two musical events celebrating African American history"
3105:
2989:"Rep. James Clyburn Proposes To Make 'Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing' The National Hymn"
2612:"Rep. James Clyburn Proposes to Make 'Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing' the National Hymn"
2347:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2176:
2055:
2048:
Festival at the
Coliseum in Los Angeles. This performance was included in the film
2024:
1990:
1226:
1038:
766:
629:
2740:
3534:"Why fans see the NFL's 'Lift Every Voice and Sing' gesture as blatant pandering"
2168:, a civil rights movement leader who co-founded and is a former president of the
106:
3638:
2414:
2343:
2215:
2182:
2101:
2093:
2081:
2066:
2000:
1862:
1392:
1048:
901:
781:
565:
3742:
3676:
3664:
3420:"The NFL Will Play 'Lift Ev'ry Voice And Sing' Before Each Season-Opener Game"
2368:
2335:
2253:
2150:
2041:
1962:
1833:
497:
236:
132:
3349:
3285:
3747:
3509:"NFL says it will play Black national anthem before games again this season"
2429:
2327:
1722:
1063:
796:
575:
402:
2888:"Professor at historically black college questions 'black national anthem'"
1885:, Johnson decided to write a poem which was themed around the struggles of
3584:"Brazilian single certifications – Beyoncé – Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing"
2437:
2246:
2050:
2045:
1108:
1033:
1026:
3631:'Lift Every Voice and Sing: A Celebration of the Negro National Anthem'
3218:
College's bell tower trolled white supremacist with black national hymn
3079:
2704:"Till Victory Is Won: The Staying Power Of 'Lift Every Voice And Sing'"
1196:
502:
3371:"Biden campaign unveils "Lift Every Voice" plan for African Americans"
2785:"Sculptor Augusta Savage Said Her Legacy Was The Work Of Her Students"
104:
3243:"Beyoncé's Coachella Performance Had HBCU Vibes And We Are Loving It"
2486:
We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered,
2375:
2331:
2121:
1103:
2809:"Augusta Savage: the extraordinary story of the trailblazing artist"
2374:
The hymn also began to be incorporated into sporting events: during
2069:
quoted a lyric from the hymn as part of his performance of the U.S.
3562:
2201:
1873:
James Weldon
Johnson, Principal of the Edwin M. Stanton School in
1845:
1840:
876:
2509:
Lest our hearts drunk with the wine of the world, we forget Thee;
2146:). It was also added to the National Recording Registry in 2016.
3777:
2765:
A History of
African-American Artists (From 1792 to the Present)
2507:
Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee,
2128:, after which, "Lift Every Voice and Sing" was entered into the
1936:
906:
3691:
2463:
Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us,
3782:
3396:"Google Doodle celebrates the 155th anniversary of Juneteenth"
3222:
3169:
2615:
2355:
2226:
and chorus at the conclusion of the opening ceremonies of the
1981:
2940:"Bill Maher criticizes NFL for playing Black national anthem"
2835:"NFL plans to play Black national anthem before Week 1 games"
2465:
Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us;
3673:
led by Alice Walker and Dr. Rudolph Byrd at Emory
University
1911:, the Johnsons moved to New York City to pursue a career on
2421:, which was later replayed as part of the pre-game show of
2271:
performed "Lift Every Voice and Sing" during an edition of
2252:
On April 14, 2018, "Lift Every Voice and Sing" was sung by
3080:"National Recording Registry Picks Are "Over the Rainbow""
2484:
We have come, over a way that with tears has been watered,
2222:
On
September 24, 2016, the hymn was sung by mezzo-soprano
2153:
was asked to sing the national anthem at a civic event in
1949:
National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People
2280:
The song was featured as the opening and closing song of
3678:
Video of Alicia Keys singing "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
3338:"Amiri Baraka's 'Blues People' Comes Home to the Apollo"
2214:, and others singing "Lift Every Voice and Sing" in the
2228:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
1935:, taking the form of a choir of children shaped into a
3661:, transcript of Rev. Lowery's Inauguration Benediction
3074:
3072:
2398:
during the singing of the national anthem in order to
3651:– includes a link to a RealPlayer version of the song
2570:
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
2436:. Some African American fans who were interviewed by
4139:
United States National Recording Registry recordings
3627:(IMSLP) – including "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
2767:, pp. 168–180, Pantheon Books (Random House), 1993,
1836:
from slavery to the freedom of the "promised land."
3875:
3838:
3796:
3725:
2860:"Society It's Time for a New Black National Anthem"
1699:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
97:
75:
57:
47:
2640:"Behind the lyrics of 'Lift Every Voice and Sing'"
3215:Diaz, Andrea; Chavez, Nicole (October 20, 2017),
2492:Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast.
2292:first performed on February 18, 2023 at Harlem's
1877:, had sought to write a poem in commemoration of
2230:, at which Obama delivered the keynote address.
2448:
1977:" as the national anthem of the United States.
3160:"Poetic License Raises a Star-Spangled Debate"
3148:, April 18, 1990. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
426:Education of freed people during the Civil War
3703:
2833:Jackson, Jabar; Martin, Jill (July 3, 2020).
2482:Come to the place For which our fathers died.
2413:featured a filmed performance of the hymn by
1824:(1871–1938) and set to music by his brother,
1797:
118:"Lift Every Voice and Sing" performed by the
8:
3666:Video of singing "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
3192:"Barack Obama Facts - 44th President of USA"
3061:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2499:Thou who has brought us thus far on the way;
2044:sang the hymn as the opening number for the
437:Historically black colleges and universities
30:
3037:Saunders, Eryn Mathewson,Zoë (2021-02-11).
2476:Felt in the days when hope unborn had died;
2467:Facing the rising sun of our new day begun,
2008:" would have remained the national anthem.
1931:named after the song was exhibited at the
421:Education during the slave period in the US
3710:
3696:
3688:
3559:"NAACP History: Lift Every Voice and Sing"
2741:"A History of the 'Black National Anthem'"
2527:
2310:Prominence after the George Floyd protests
2303:Blues People: Negro Music in White America
1804:
1790:
1661:
1252:
1162:
989:
927:
852:
744:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
721:
617:
345:
173:
146:
42:Sheet music of "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
36:
3637: (archived March 1, 2009), edited by
3625:International Music Score Library Project
3612:An omnibus collection of Johnson's poetry
2674:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Archived from
1996:In January 2021, Representative and then-
1828:(1873–1954). Written from the context of
200:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
4089:2020s controversies in the United States
2354:sang "Lift Every Voice and Sing" on the
2262:Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival
2170:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
1993:because of one song is baffling to me."
2584:
2566:
2461:Let it resound loud as the rolling sea.
2346:rendition of the hymn's first verse by
1881:'s birthday. However, amid the ongoing
1707:
1664:
1594:
1556:
1491:
1383:
1255:
1205:
1165:
1132:
1084:
992:
941:
855:
757:
724:
661:
638:
620:
544:
511:
478:
450:
411:
348:
305:
269:
176:
158:
3292:from the original on February 15, 2021
3253:from the original on February 15, 2021
3054:
2763:Bearden, Romare and Henderson, Harry.
2394:movement, and its handling of players
29:
3719:National symbols of the United States
3435:
3433:
2909:
2907:
2882:
2880:
2505:Keep us forever in the path, we pray.
942:Athletic associations and conferences
431:History of African-American education
7:
3272:Schmidt, Samantha (April 16, 2018).
3158:Pellegrinelli, Lara (July 3, 2009).
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2698:
2696:
2634:
2632:
2469:Let us march on 'til victory is won.
865:Association for the Study of African
3114:. New York: Random House. pp.
2455:Ring with the harmonies of Liberty;
2367:, commemorating the recognition of
2012:Notable references and performances
1904:would later set the poem to music.
1679:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1180:African-American Vernacular English
749:National Conference of Black Mayors
3933:America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)
3621:Free scores by J. Rosamond Johnson
2938:Castronuovo, Celine (2021-09-11).
2191:The Late Show with Stephen Colbert
882:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
2159:The Voice of My Beautiful Country
1586:Places by plurality of population
252:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
242:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
195:Abolitionism in the United States
101:
3649:page on Black History Month 2003
3241:Hudson, Tanay (April 15, 2018).
2296:to mark the 50th anniversary of
1890:following the Reconstruction era
1843:began to promote the hymn as a "
1761:
283:Black Belt in the American South
4038:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3336:Scherstuhl, Alan (2023-02-16).
3111:I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
2034:I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
887:National Council of Negro Women
3905:Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean
3806:Liberty Enlightening the World
2919:BIN: Black Information Network
2663:James, Timothy (Winter 2013).
2610:Ryan Benk (January 22, 2023).
2555:Beyoncé Homecoming Live Cover
2432:and playoff games) during the
2249:to convey a message of unity.
2164:On January 20, 2009, the Rev.
1943:As the "Black national anthem"
1684:Racism against Black Americans
1:
4144:Works by James Weldon Johnson
3912:The Stars and Stripes Forever
3369:Kight, Stef W. (4 May 2020).
2963:Gibson, Travis (2022-02-03).
2419:Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
2320:police murder of George Floyd
2075:Muhammad Ali vs. Chuck Wepner
892:National Pan-Hellenic Council
2459:High as the listening skies,
1694:School segregation in the US
1232:Black American Sign Language
1206:Languages and other dialects
4017:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3954:The Army Goes Rolling Along
2858:Touré (November 17, 2011).
2593:"Lift Every Voice and Sing"
2453:'Til earth and heaven ring,
2274:Music & the Spoken Word
2185:, former bandleader of the
2018:National Recording Registry
1820:" is a hymn with lyrics by
521:African-American businesses
4160:
3394:Porter, Jon (2020-06-19).
2511:Shadowed beneath Thy hand,
2474:Bitter the chastening rod,
2451:Lift every voice and sing,
2411:opening night kickoff game
2340:animation on its home page
2233:On October 19, 2017, when
1933:1939 New York World's Fair
1892:(including the passage of
1850:" in 1917 (with the term "
1059:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
734:Congressional Black Caucus
701:African Diaspora Religions
488:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
4010:The Washington Post March
3947:Lift Every Voice and Sing
3641:and Sondra Kathryn Wilson
3138:Anderson, Susan Heller.
3012:Berry, Deborah Barfield.
2567:
2546:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2517:True to our native land.
2501:Thou who has by Thy might
2490:'Til now we stand at last
2488:Out from the gloomy past,
2371:as a federal holiday.
1818:Lift Every Voice and Sing
1566:US states and territories
867:American Life and History
589:Lift Every Voice and Sing
298:Treatment of the enslaved
141:
102:
93:
53:Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing
35:
31:Lift Every Voice and Sing
4109:American patriotic songs
4104:American Christian hymns
3884:The Star-Spangled Banner
2497:God of our silent tears,
2384:National Football League
2282:The Blues and Its People
2006:The Star-Spangled Banner
1975:The Star-Spangled Banner
1959:Clark Atlanta University
1768:United States portal
1175:African-American English
686:African-American Muslims
247:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
4099:African-American poetry
4031:You're a Grand Old Flag
2495:God of our weary years,
2480:Have not our weary feet
2478:Yet with a steady beat,
2472:Stony the road we trod,
1689:Reparations for slavery
777:Back-to-Africa movement
676:Black Hebrew Israelites
554:African-American beauty
120:United States Navy Band
4124:North American anthems
4094:African-American music
4045:This Land Is Your Land
3488:The Hollywood Reporter
2520:
2503:Led us into the light,
2457:Let our rejoicing rise
2425:on February 7, 2021.
2258:headlining performance
2219:
2208:family of Barack Obama
2118:BeBe & CeCe Winans
1159:Dialects and languages
319:Second Great Migration
114:
4052:Battle Cry of Freedom
4003:National Emblem March
3898:America the Beautiful
3165:All Things Considered
2513:May we forever stand,
2243:University of Florida
2205:
2149:In 2008, jazz singer
2116:; and gospel artists
1883:civil rights movement
1875:Jacksonville, Florida
1856:George Floyd protests
1852:Black national anthem
1571:US metropolitan areas
1398:List of neighborhoods
1012:Alabama Creole people
1002:African-American Jews
934:Negro league baseball
897:National Urban League
849:Civic/economic groups
681:African-American Jews
571:African-American hair
433:, after the Civil War
262:Post–civil rights era
113:
18:Black National Anthem
4134:Songs based on poems
3773:Pledge of Allegiance
3763:General Grant (tree)
3659:columnist Lynn Sweet
2187:late-night talk show
2131:Congressional Record
1986:Pledge of Allegiance
1822:James Weldon Johnson
1728:Criminal stereotypes
1503:District of Columbia
1220:Afro-Seminole Creole
662:Non-Christian groups
257:Black power movement
221:during the Civil War
190:Atlantic slave trade
62:James Weldon Johnson
3859:Novus ordo seclorum
3804:Statue of Liberty (
3278:The Washington Post
3084:Library of Congress
2681:on 16 February 2015
2529:
1998:House Majority Whip
1902:J. Rosamond Johnson
1860:House Majority Whip
1826:J. Rosamond Johnson
1124:Sierra Leone Creole
1085:Specific ancestries
970:Southwestern (SWAC)
493:Black History Month
324:New Great Migration
278:Agriculture history
80:J. Rosamond Johnson
32:
4084:20th-century hymns
3982:The Air Force Song
3342:The New York Times
3190:Team, TRADENJOIN.
3145:The New York Times
2528:
2392:Black Lives Matter
2220:
1956:historically Black
1909:Great Fire of 1901
1133:Sexual orientation
1007:Afro-Puerto Ricans
960:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
595:Self-determination
559:Black is beautiful
225:Reconstruction era
115:
4061:
4060:
3940:God Bless America
3919:Hail to the Chief
3828:West Potomac Park
3657:Chicago Sun-Times
3647:Performance Today
3588:Pro-MĂşsica Brasil
3586:(in Portuguese).
2576:
2575:
2571:
2557:
2549:Pro-MĂşsica Brasil
2403:racial inequality
2322:, which became a
2267:In May 2018, the
2235:White supremacist
2126:The Clark Sisters
1887:African Americans
1830:African Americans
1814:
1813:
1751:
1750:
1649:
1648:
1423:Dallas-Fort Worth
1240:
1239:
1150:
1149:
1094:Americo-Liberians
977:
976:
915:
914:
840:
839:
709:
708:
653:Womanist theology
603:
602:
545:Symbols and ideas
331:
330:
210:Antebellum period
205:Revolutionary War
160:African Americans
145:
144:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4151:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3689:
3679:
3667:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3155:
3149:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3086:. March 27, 2017
3076:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2911:
2902:
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2899:
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2884:
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2872:
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2855:
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2830:
2824:
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2799:
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2737:
2718:
2717:
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2700:
2691:
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2669:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2569:
2553:
2530:
2515:True to our God,
2407:police brutality
2364:A Capitol Fourth
2359:Independence Day
2352:Vanessa Williams
2269:Tabernacle Choir
2155:Denver, Colorado
2080:In 1990, singer
1858:; in 2021, then
1806:
1799:
1792:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1713:media depictions
1662:
1557:Population count
1253:
1187:Liberian English
1166:English dialects
1163:
1119:Samaná Americans
1044:Creoles of color
990:
928:
872:Black conductors
853:
722:
696:Louisiana Voodoo
618:
363:Family structure
346:
293:Military history
288:Business history
219:military history
174:
147:
112:
89:
87:
71:
69:
50:
40:
33:
21:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4129:Patriotic hymns
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
3871:
3852:E pluribus unum
3846:In God We Trust
3834:
3792:
3721:
3716:
3677:
3665:
3635:Wayback Machine
3616:Standard Ebooks
3608:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3552:
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3541:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3447:. June 5, 2020.
3439:
3438:
3431:
3426:. July 2, 2020.
3418:
3417:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3367:
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3321:
3319:
3310:
3309:
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3295:
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3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
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3240:
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3225:
3214:
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3209:
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3157:
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2818:
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2793:
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2657:
2648:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2552:
2540:Certified units
2526:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2400:protest against
2380:2020 Pocono 350
2312:
2239:Richard Spencer
2212:Smokey Robinson
2136:Walter Fauntroy
2110:Jeffrey Osborne
2090:Freddie Jackson
2086:Stephanie Mills
2071:national anthem
2014:
1945:
1921:
1879:Abraham Lincoln
1871:
1848:national anthem
1810:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1703:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1590:
1552:
1528:Omaha, Nebraska
1493:Historic places
1487:
1379:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1201:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1128:
1080:
1022:Black Seminoles
987:
986:Sub-communities
979:
978:
965:Southern (SIAC)
925:
917:
916:
911:
866:
850:
842:
841:
836:
753:
719:
711:
710:
705:
691:Nation of Islam
657:
634:
615:
605:
604:
599:
540:
507:
474:
446:
407:
383:Musical theater
343:
333:
332:
314:Great Migration
171:
137:
123:
116:
105:
85:
83:
67:
65:
48:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4114:American poems
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3989:Semper Paratus
3985:
3978:
3975:Semper Fidelis
3971:
3964:
3961:Anchors Aweigh
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3926:Hail, Columbia
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3818:Mount Rushmore
3815:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:American Creed
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3674:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3628:
3618:
3607:
3606:External links
3604:
3601:
3600:
3575:
3550:
3525:
3500:
3475:
3450:
3429:
3411:
3386:
3361:
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3097:
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2577:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2525:
2524:Certifications
2522:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2311:
2308:
2294:Apollo Theater
2098:Dionne Warwick
2077:boxing match.
2013:
2010:
1944:
1941:
1929:Augusta Savage
1920:
1917:
1870:
1867:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1801:
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1716:
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1696:
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1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Black genocide
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1599:
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1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1581:US communities
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:South Carolina
1535:
1533:North Carolina
1530:
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1515:
1510:
1505:
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1355:South Carolina
1352:
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1335:North Carolina
1332:
1327:
1322:
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1199:
1194:
1192:Samaná English
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1142:LGBT community
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Creek Freedmen
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:Carmel Indians
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Central (CIAA)
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
936:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
913:
912:
910:
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851:
848:
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844:
843:
838:
837:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
817:Pan-Africanism
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
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769:
763:
760:
759:
755:
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703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
664:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
648:Black theology
644:
641:
640:
636:
635:
633:
632:
626:
623:
622:
616:
611:
610:
607:
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512:Economic class
509:
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495:
490:
484:
481:
480:
476:
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467:
462:
456:
453:
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451:Academic study
448:
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428:
423:
417:
414:
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41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4156:
4145:
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4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
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4127:
4125:
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4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
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4069:
4053:
4049:
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4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4024:Yankee Doodle
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3968:Marines' Hymn
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3923:
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3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3866:Annuit cœptis
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:National Mall
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
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3626:
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3540:. 9 July 2020
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3141:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3125:0-375-50789-2
3121:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:Angelou, Maya
3101:
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2864:Time Magazine
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2536:Certification
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2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2423:Super Bowl LV
2420:
2416:
2412:
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2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:taking a knee
2393:
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2241:spoke at the
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2225:
2224:Denyce Graves
2217:
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2209:
2204:
2200:
2197:
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2171:
2167:
2166:Joseph Lowery
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2137:
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2119:
2115:
2114:Howard Hewett
2111:
2107:
2106:Stevie Wonder
2103:
2099:
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2061:
2060:Terry Manning
2057:
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2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:autobiography
2026:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
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1947:In 1919, the
1942:
1940:
1938:
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1926:
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1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:Jim Crow laws
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1756:
1744:
1743:Minstrel show
1741:
1739:
1738:Magical Negro
1736:
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1548:West Virginia
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1463:New York City
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1114:Nova Scotians
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1017:Black Indians
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991:
983:
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971:
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955:HBCU (HBCUAC)
953:
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856:Organizations
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725:Organizations
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393:Neighborhoods
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81:
78:
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63:
60:
56:
52:
49:Also known as
46:
39:
34:
27:American song
19:
4119:Gospel songs
3996:Semper Supra
3946:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3813:Liberty Bell
3805:
3758:Phrygian cap
3656:
3646:
3591:. Retrieved
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3553:
3542:. Retrieved
3537:
3528:
3517:. Retrieved
3515:. 2021-07-15
3512:
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3490:. 2021-02-07
3487:
3478:
3467:. Retrieved
3465:. 2020-09-11
3462:
3453:
3444:
3423:
3414:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:
3389:
3378:. Retrieved
3374:
3364:
3353:. Retrieved
3341:
3331:
3320:. Retrieved
3318:. 2020-06-19
3315:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3277:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3246:
3236:
3226:, retrieved
3217:
3210:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3163:
3153:
3143:
3134:
3109:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3083:
3046:. Retrieved
3042:
3032:
3021:. Retrieved
3017:
3007:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2972:. Retrieved
2968:
2958:
2947:. Retrieved
2943:
2933:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:
2869:February 16,
2867:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2828:
2817:. Retrieved
2815:. 2019-05-08
2813:the Guardian
2812:
2803:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2764:
2759:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:
2683:. Retrieved
2676:the original
2671:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2643:
2619:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2587:
2568:
2554:
2450:
2427:
2409:. The NFL's
2373:
2362:
2348:LeVar Burton
2313:
2301:
2298:Amiri Baraka
2290:Russell Gunn
2281:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2251:
2232:
2221:
2189:
2181:
2177:Barack Obama
2163:
2158:
2148:
2129:
2079:
2064:
2056:Stax Records
2049:
2039:
2032:
2025:Maya Angelou
2022:
2015:
1995:
1991:white people
1979:
1971:Conservative
1953:
1946:
1922:
1906:
1872:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1817:
1815:
1641:Sierra Leone
1473:Philadelphia
1443:Jacksonville
1039:Brass Ankles
792:Conservatism
767:Afrocentrism
739:Joint Center
630:Black church
621:Institutions
588:
536:Billionaires
526:Middle class
479:Celebrations
442:Fraternities
98:Audio sample
3639:Julian Bond
3316:Church News
3247:MadameNoire
3175:January 15,
3140:"Chronicle"
2685:16 February
2597:Hymnary.org
2434:2021 season
2415:Alicia Keys
2388:2020 season
2350:. In 2021,
2344:spoken word
2342:, set to a
2334:featured a
2256:during her
2216:White House
2183:Jon Batiste
2102:Bobby Brown
2094:Anita Baker
2082:Melba Moore
2073:before the
2067:James Brown
2001:Jim Clyburn
1919:Recognition
1863:Jim Clyburn
1709:Stereotypes
1636:Nova Scotia
1518:Mississippi
1478:San Antonio
1458:Los Angeles
1393:Black mecca
1320:Mississippi
1227:Negro Dutch
1049:Dominickers
993:Multiethnic
902:TransAfrica
812:Nationalism
782:Black power
566:Black pride
531:Upper class
230:Politicians
4079:1900 songs
4074:1899 poems
4068:Categories
3743:Bald eagle
3738:Great Seal
3593:January 5,
3544:2022-02-06
3519:2021-07-16
3494:2021-04-19
3469:2021-07-16
3405:2022-02-06
3380:2022-02-06
3355:2023-02-19
3322:2021-01-17
3228:2017-10-20
3201:2023-03-19
3196:TRADENJOIN
3048:2023-02-12
3023:2022-02-15
2998:2022-02-15
2974:2022-02-15
2949:2022-02-06
2924:2022-02-06
2897:2022-02-06
2844:2020-07-04
2819:2022-02-15
2794:2022-02-15
2750:2022-02-05
2713:2022-02-06
2649:2022-02-06
2579:References
2369:Juneteenth
2336:Juneteenth
2196:Stay Human
2151:Rene Marie
2042:Kim Weston
1963:separatism
1907:After the
1275:California
1249:Population
822:Patriotism
807:Liberalism
787:Capitalism
758:Ideologies
639:Theologies
498:Juneteenth
470:Literature
398:Newspapers
306:Migrations
237:Juneteenth
3797:Landmarks
3748:Uncle Sam
3463:Billboard
3400:The Verge
3350:0362-4331
3296:April 17,
3286:0190-8286
3257:April 16,
3018:USA TODAY
2621:April 23,
2430:NFL Draft
2328:Joe Biden
2318:over the
2174:President
2065:In 1975,
2058:engineer
2040:In 1972,
2020:in 2016.
1925:sculpture
1733:Hollywood
1723:Blackface
1658:Prejudice
1576:US cities
1453:Lexington
1428:Davenport
1408:Baltimore
1384:US cities
1360:Tennessee
1310:Louisiana
1256:US states
1064:Melungeon
1034:Blaxicans
832:Socialism
797:Garveyism
772:Anarchism
576:Good hair
403:Soul food
373:Folktales
3753:Columbia
3538:NBC News
3513:The Hill
3290:Archived
3251:Archived
3108:(1969).
3090:July 23,
3057:cite web
2547:Brazil (
2438:NBC News
2361:special
2338:-themed
2316:protests
2300:'s book
2247:carillon
2134:by Del.
2051:Wattstax
2046:Wattstax
2027:'s 1969
1913:Broadway
1773:Category
1596:Diaspora
1523:Missouri
1448:Kentucky
1375:Virginia
1345:Oklahoma
1330:New York
1325:Nebraska
1315:Maryland
1290:Illinois
1270:Arkansas
1109:Merikins
1054:Freedmen
1027:Mascogos
827:Populism
718:Politics
613:Religion
583:Stepping
349:Lifeways
185:Timeline
152:a series
150:Part of
3726:Symbols
3683:YouTube
3671:YouTube
3633:at the
3623:at the
3116:169–184
2993:NPR.org
2944:TheHill
2789:NPR.org
2708:NPR.org
2644:CNN.com
2563:20,000
2542:/sales
2533:Region
2417:at the
2260:at the
2254:Beyoncé
2237:leader
2218:in 2014
1896:in the
1869:History
1631:Liberia
1513:Georgia
1508:Florida
1438:Houston
1433:Detroit
1418:Chicago
1403:Atlanta
1295:Indiana
1285:Georgia
1280:Florida
1265:Alabama
1197:Tutnese
1076:Redbone
802:Leftism
503:Kwanzaa
460:Studies
412:Schools
341:Culture
270:Aspects
215:Slavery
177:Periods
169:History
84: (
66: (
3839:Mottos
3645:NPR's
3568:7 June
3348:
3284:
3122:
2771:
2444:Lyrics
2376:NASCAR
2332:Google
2124:, and
2122:Take 6
2112:, and
1834:Exodus
1665:Racism
1626:Israel
1616:France
1611:Canada
1606:Africa
1413:Boston
1350:Oregon
1305:Kansas
1215:Gullah
1104:Gullah
924:Sports
671:Hoodoo
122:, 2021
82:, 1900
64:, 1900
58:Lyrics
3891:Dixie
3876:Songs
3788:Bison
3563:NAACP
3375:Axios
2679:(PDF)
2672:Selah
2668:(PDF)
2560:Gold
2286:suite
1898:South
1846:Negro
1841:NAACP
1778:Index
1621:Ghana
1543:Texas
1468:Omaha
1365:Texas
877:NAACP
388:Names
378:Music
358:Dance
76:Music
3778:Rose
3733:Flag
3595:2023
3570:2020
3346:ISSN
3298:2018
3282:ISSN
3259:2018
3177:2012
3120:ISBN
3092:2020
3063:link
2969:WJXT
2871:2015
2769:ISBN
2745:Time
2687:2015
2623:2023
2405:and
2284:, a
2206:The
1967:race
1937:harp
1711:and
1370:Utah
1340:Ohio
1300:Iowa
907:UNCF
368:Film
217:and
133:help
128:file
86:1900
68:1900
3783:Oak
3681:on
3669:on
3614:at
3445:CNN
3424:NPR
3223:CNN
3170:NPR
3043:CNN
2892:CNN
2839:CNN
2616:NPR
2378:'s
2356:PBS
2288:by
2023:In
1982:CNN
1927:by
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