236:
funding, administrators worked to make students feel at home while remedying the culture shock that could affect student performance in academics and lead to physical sickness. However, as the FEANF sought to expose, their problems stemmed from the discrepancies and consequences of the colonial system. France touted that through
Western education, they were guiding the next generation of African leaders. However, these students often left France disillusioned and disenchanted by their poor treatment and the inferior status accorded to them. Even though the French took steps to address the tangible issues affecting African students, they failed to take into account that their colonial system as a whole had put these students in this position in the first place.
219:
Africans. The efforts of the FEANF, along with the government of Dakar and the
Ministry of Overseas France, a hotel was purchased specifically for students from French West Africa. In 1951, the Maison de la France d’Outre Mer was completed in Paris. Along with housing, FEANF leaders fought for improved conditions within housing. Many African students could not afford heating and suffered from malnutrition. As a result, a large number succumbed to tuberculosis or venereal diseases.
228:
represented most
African students in France. They sought to maintain the favor of the leaders primarily through the allocation of funding. French administrators granted financial aid to the FEANF for projects concerning housing for colonial students and “cultural care” programs. These programs provided funding for cultural organizations that focused on African arts and culture; for example, approving a folklore troop’s request to receive drums from
135:(RDA). The organization declared its support for African independence. There was also a notable Senegalese dominance over the new Executive Committee. The medical student Edouard Sankhalé became the new FEANF Chairman. Mamadou Samb became Vice Chairman. Both Sankhalé and Samb were also in the RDA Students Association leadership. Alioune Bâ (law student, later a prominent member of the
55:. FEANF played an important role for the formation of communist organizations in Francophone Africa. In addition, FEANF largely contributed to creating a centralized voice that united all African student groups in France, while their actions highlighted the greater disparities within the French colonial system.
227:
The French became gradually became suspicious of the organization due to its connections with
African nationalist and communist groups. The colonial administration developed a system of surveillance to monitor FEANF activities while keeping positive political relations with the group because they
235:
Underscoring the French administrators’ actions was a fundamental misunderstanding between themselves and the FEANF. The French believed that student issues stemmed from psychological problems they encountered due to their in-between status as
African elites in a French environment. By providing
123:
Politically, the first FEANF Executive
Committee was rapidly seen as very 'moderate'. Its President tried to mobilize a separate structure, GAREP, but failed to gather any sizeable number of followers from the founding core of FEANF. Compared to FEANF, GAREP was reluctant to have contacts with
87:
and Louis Atayi, dominated the debates. The
Bordeaux meeting adopted the FEANF statues, which called for the unification of all African student associations in France. Among its first goals was to “defend the material and moral interests of the students.” The statues also stated that FEANF was
218:
Among their many initiatives, they strove to improve the standard of living for
African students. The grants students received to study in France did not include provisions for housing. Thus, many students struggled to find housing, especially because many landlords were unwilling to rent to
382:
In its later phase of existence, FEANF suffered from internal divisions and defections. In 1972 there was a dispute between the
Dahomeyan and Cameronian students. In 1975 the Central African students disaffiliated from FEANF, followed by the Gabonese in 1977.
200:. In June the FEANF leadership decided that the organization would campaign for the 'No'. During the summer vacation, many FEANF cadres travelled to Africa and took part in pro-independence mobilizations there. In August 1958 FEANF took part in forming a
244:
FEANF included various territorial/national affiliates. Many of them were French sections of students organization based in the respective territories/countries. As of 1957-1958, the following organizations were affiliated to FEANF;
379:, was launched with the objective to compete with FEANF over the influence in the African students community in France. MEOCAM failed to make any lasting impact, though, as it was torn apart by internal conflicts.
188:. Gradually FEANF became more vocal in its criticism against the increasingly collaborationist positions of RDA, in spite of the fact that many FEANF leaders had been members of RDA. In May 1958 the FEANF organ
139:, PAI) became General Secretary, Youssoupha Sylla (medical student, activist of the RDA Students Association) First Joint Secretary, Babacar Niang (science student, head of the publication
143:) whilst Abdou Moumouni retained the position as Treasurer. Except for Moumouni, all of these men were Senegalese. After the change in leadership, FEANF began to have contacts with the
386:
In 1980 the organization was 'dissolved' by the French authorities. This move followed the disbanding of the AED (Dahomey) in 1979 and the closure of the UNEECI in earlier in 1980.
174:
In 1956, under the leadership of the
Guinean medical student Charles Diané, FEANF adopted a more radical line towards demanding independence. The organization opposed the
96:
The first federal congress of FEANF was held March 21–22, 1951 in Paris. The congress elected an Executive Committee, which included Solange Faladé (medical student from
655:
608:
Ecole et politique en Afrique noire: sociologie des crises et des réformes du système d'enseignement au Sénégal et au Burkina Faso (1960-2000)
512:
Ecole et politique en Afrique noire: sociologie des crises et des réformes du système d'enseignement au Sénégal et au Burkina Faso (1960-2000)
197:
645:
271:
305:
650:
148:
131:
The second FEANF congress was held April 14–15, 1952. At the second congress, the leadership was taken over by members of the
160:
319:
136:
212:
132:
88:
independent of any political party. The Lyon cell soon affiliated itself to the organization soon afterwards.
285:
363:
184:
Africa. FEANF preferred that rather than creating many separate African states, a federation be created in
84:
44:
452:
Rice, Louisa (2013). "Between Empire and Nation: Francophone West African Students and Decolonization".
539:
261:
196:
for not having publicly called for a 'No'-vote (i.e. a vote for independence) in the upcoming
193:
457:
24:
341:
109:
71:
in December 1950. The Bordeaux meeting was attended by cells of African students from
639:
563:. Historical dictionaries of Africa, no. 94. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2005. p. 85
281:
181:
108:, also the Secretary of the RDA Students Association) as Joint General Secretary and
424:
201:
211:
The rift between RDA and FEANF brought FEANF closer to the main rival of RDA, the
625:
607:
592:
577:
559:
544:
526:
511:
496:
476:
461:
429:
411:
63:
FEANF was founded in 1950, when a preliminary congress was held in April 1950 in
315:
185:
80:
52:
48:
329:
176:
249:
76:
68:
347:
323:
309:
275:
267:
229:
168:
101:
97:
581:. Western African studies. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007. p. 143
415:. Western African studies. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007. p. 127
376:
318:: Association of Students of the Ivory Coast (AECI, a section of the
301:
289:
144:
105:
40:
36:
120:) as Treasurer. By the end of 1951 FEANF had around 1,000 members.
335:
295:
205:
164:
113:
72:
353:
255:
208:, RDA Students Association, RJDA and the African Youth Council.
125:
64:
284:: Soudanese Students Association in France (AESF, a section of
270:: Dahomeyan Students Association in France (AEDF, a section of
356:: Togolese Students Association (AET, more commonly known as
167:. FEANF and UGEAO worked closely. Both were oriented towards
304:: Guinea Students Association in France (AEGF, a section of
366:: Association of Students of Upper Volta in France (AEVF)
332:: Association of Students of Mauritania in France (AEMF)
204:
for campaigning for independence, together with UGEAO,
51:
in Africa as part of a wider struggle against Western
548:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. p. 214
171:, and opposed the more moderate line adopted by RDA.
350:: Senegalese Students Association in France (AESF)
29:Fédération des étudiants d'Afrique noire en France
578:Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958
412:Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958
338:: Nigerien Students Association in France (AENF)
151:. Eventually, FEANF became an affiliate of IUS.
272:General Union of Students and Pupils of Dahomey
545:Africa: The Politics of Independence and Unity
306:General Union of Students and Pupils of Guinea
192:expressed sharp criticism against RDA leader
8:
430:Sankara, Compaoré et la révolution burkinabè
252:: Kamerunese National Students Union (UNEK)
21:Black African Students Federation in France
104:) as General Secretary, N'ki Traoré (from
100:) as President, Amadou-Mahtar M'bow (from
16:Organization of African students in France
571:
569:
395:
619:
617:
557:O'Toole, Thomas, and Janice E. Baker.
405:
403:
401:
399:
264:: Congolese Students Association (AEC)
83:and Bordeaux. The Paris group, led by
47:, and saw the struggle against French
490:
488:
486:
344:: Oubangui Students Association (AEO)
298:: Gabonese Students Association (AEG)
161:General Students Union of West Africa
7:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
433:. Anvers: Editions EPO, 1989. p. 117
258:: Chadian Students Association (AET)
596:. Paris: Ed. Chaka, 1990. pp. 55-63
500:. Paris: Ed. Chaka, 1990. pp. 42-43
480:. Paris: Ed. Chaka, 1990. pp. 41-42
180:, which it considered as a move to
375:In 1966 another student movement,
14:
320:Students Union of the Ivory Coast
118:Les Ă©tudiants anti-colonialistes
629:. Paris: Ed. Chaka, 1990. p. 20
611:. Paris: Karthala, 2004. p. 123
560:Historical Dictionary of Guinea
530:. Paris: Ed. Chaka, 1990. p. 44
149:International Union of Students
626:Les grandes heures de la FEANF
593:Les grandes heures de la FEANF
527:Les grandes heures de la FEANF
515:. Paris: Karthala, 2004. p. 64
497:Les grandes heures de la FEANF
477:Les grandes heures de la FEANF
223:French Administration Response
43:. FEANF was influenced by the
1:
540:Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice
462:10.1080/14788810.2013.764106
92:First and Second Congresses
67:, followed by a meeting in
672:
656:Students' unions in France
646:African diaspora in France
190:L'Étudiant d'Afrique noire
141:La voix de l'Afrique Noire
137:African Independence Party
213:African Regroupment Party
198:constitutional referendum
155:Struggle for Independence
35:) was an organization of
133:African Democratic Rally
651:Black culture in Europe
286:Soudanese Scholar Union
163:(UGEAO) was founded in
427:, and Hilde Meesters.
45:French Communist Party
28:
116:, also the editor of
575:Schmidt, Elizabeth.
409:Schmidt, Elizabeth.
605:Bianchini, Pascal.
509:Bianchini, Pascal.
85:Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
240:National Sections
663:
630:
623:Diané, Charles.
621:
612:
603:
597:
590:Diané, Charles.
588:
582:
573:
564:
555:
549:
537:
531:
524:Diané, Charles.
522:
516:
507:
501:
494:Diané, Charles.
492:
481:
474:Diané, Charles.
472:
466:
465:
454:Atlantic Studies
449:
434:
422:
416:
407:
671:
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665:
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423:
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94:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
669:
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632:
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598:
583:
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550:
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517:
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482:
467:
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417:
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388:
372:
369:
368:
367:
361:
351:
345:
342:Oubangui-Chari
339:
333:
327:
313:
299:
293:
279:
265:
259:
253:
241:
238:
224:
221:
156:
153:
110:Abdou Moumouni
93:
90:
60:
57:
31:, abbreviated
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
668:
657:
654:
652:
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644:
643:
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584:
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579:
572:
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561:
554:
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547:
546:
541:
536:
533:
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528:
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498:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
478:
471:
468:
463:
459:
455:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
425:Martens, Ludo
421:
418:
414:
413:
406:
404:
402:
400:
396:
389:
387:
384:
380:
378:
370:
365:
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355:
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349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
321:
317:
314:
311:
307:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
283:
282:French Soudan
280:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
246:
239:
237:
233:
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209:
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138:
134:
129:
127:
121:
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99:
91:
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78:
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66:
58:
56:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
624:
606:
601:
591:
586:
576:
558:
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543:
535:
525:
520:
510:
505:
495:
475:
470:
453:
428:
420:
410:
385:
381:
374:
357:
243:
234:
226:
217:
210:
202:united front
189:
175:
173:
159:In 1954 the
158:
140:
130:
128:structures.
122:
117:
95:
62:
39:students in
32:
20:
18:
371:Later phase
364:Upper Volta
316:Ivory Coast
194:Sékou Touré
186:West Africa
81:Montpellier
53:imperialism
49:colonialism
640:Categories
390:References
358:Jeune Togo
330:Mauritania
322:based in
308:based in
288:based in
274:based in
182:Balkanize
177:loi Cadre
250:Cameroon
77:Toulouse
69:Bordeaux
59:Founding
348:Senegal
324:Abidjan
310:Conakry
276:Cotonou
268:Dahomey
230:Dahomey
169:Marxism
147:-based
102:Senegal
98:Dahomey
37:African
377:MEOCAM
302:Guinea
290:Bamako
145:Prague
126:Soviet
112:(from
106:Guinea
41:France
25:French
336:Niger
296:Gabon
262:Congo
206:UGTAN
165:Dakar
114:Niger
73:Paris
33:FEANF
354:Togo
256:Chad
124:pro-
65:Lyon
19:The
458:doi
642::
616:^
568:^
485:^
456:.
438:^
398:^
232:.
215:.
79:,
75:,
27::
542:.
464:.
460::
360:)
326:)
312:)
292:)
278:)
23:(
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