277:, a black slave from the Madeira islands who arrived in New France in 1725, was accused of setting the fire that burned down most of Montreal on 10 April 1734, for which she was executed. Angélique confessed under torture to setting fire to the home of her owner, a Mme Francois Poulin de Francheville, as a way of creating a diversion so she could escape as she did not wish to be separated from her lover, a white servant named Claude Thibault. Angélique believed her owner was going to sell her to the owner of a sugar plantation in the West Indies. Whether this confession was genuine or not continues to divide historians.
432:, creating a diverse Anglophone community in those respective boroughs, while poorer residents were often scattered in nearby areas. Language politics and discrimination may have contributed to the decline of Little Burgundy and le Sud Ouest, as Quebec nationalists and activists, blamed the borough's poverty on discrimination from the wealthy Anglo business community towards Francophones, rather than rally the areas diverse inhabitants, effectively ignoring the robust black community. However, urban renewal policies also affected other groups such as the Irish in
2822:
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3177:
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2752:
3153:
3189:
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488:, Brazilians, other Caribbeans and students and migrants from mostly French-speaking African countries. Though most of the former have integrated into the larger Black Anglophone community, most black Montrealers are functionally bilingual today. A large number of Montreal's English-speaking Black community still lives in the Cote-des-Neiges and NDG, however the middle class has also moved to
3049:
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3013:
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564:
Because the visibility of distinctively Black
Canadian cultural output is still a relatively recent phenomenon, academic, critical and sociological analysis of Black Canadian literature, music, television and film tends to focus on the ways in which cultural creators are actively engaging the process
408:
in the
Caribbean. Over the next decades, several hundred thousand Afro-Caribbeans came from that region, becoming the predominant black population in Canada. Since then, an increasing number of new immigrants from Africa have been coming to Canada; they have also immigrated to the United States and
409:
Europe. This includes large numbers of refugees, but also many skilled and professional workers pursuing better economic conditions. Today's Black
Canadians are largely of Caribbean origin, with some of recent African origin, and smaller numbers from the United States, Europe and Latin America.
383:, during the early post-war years. While there were few legal barriers to mixed neighbourhoods in Montreal compared to the United States, everyday racism and discrimination limited housing choices by Black Canadians, limiting them to the South west (le Sud-Ouest) well into the 1960s.
825:
813:
829:
569:
a cultural space for themselves which is distinct from both mainstream
Canadian culture and African American culture. For example, most of the Black-themed television series which have been produced in Canada to date have been
440:. Indeed by 1973, the area's population had dropped from 14,710 in 1966 to just 7,000. By 1996 Little Burgundy, once home to 90 per cent of the city's Black residents, was now home to only 2 per cent of all Blacks in Montreal.
479:
Anglophones traditionally tend to concentrate in the city's western boroughs and historically the South West, while
Haitians and other francophones settle in the diverse North eastern boroughs. Smaller groups include
4898:
2472:
4744:
4642:
4483:
4463:
280:
Joseph, a black slave who spoke French and
English, escaped from his owner in Montreal in 1769. Several other black slaves escaped from the area over the following decades.
1284:
The
Refugee, or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada, Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada
83:
4668:
4468:
4739:
947:
1403:
David Austen,All Roads Led to
Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean, and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada,The Journal of African American History, Vol.92,2007,517
465:
404:
Canada maintained its restrictions of immigration until 1962, when racial requirements were eliminated from
Canadian immigration laws. This coincided with a wave of
951:
452:
community of 120,000 people, the largest in Canada. Haitians now outnumber the longer established Black
Anglophone community, with large percentages of Haitians in
943:
784:
457:
204:
4678:
2798:
1283:
4971:
3198:
363:
are the two best-known musicians who emerged from the bebop and post-bop era. As the community grew the community began to spread to nearby areas such as,
4765:
1049:
Dubinsky, Karen. ""We Adopted a Negro": Interractial Adoption and the Hybrid Baby in 1960s Canada" (Chapter 11). In: Rutherdale, Robert and Magda Fahrni.
420:. As the black community grew they began to move out of the south west, with the wealthiest families, often well-established railway employees, moving to
1443:
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due to its association with many of Canada's most influential early jazz musicians. In present-day Montreal, Little Burgundy and the boroughs of
3266:
2154:
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919:
76:
38:
4749:
4627:
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3113:
216:
1661:
428:, such as the construction of the Ville Marie expressway, which displaced many residents. Those with the means often relocated to NDG and
1339:
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1840:
624:
4845:
4531:
4353:
3242:
1845:
328:
1622:
4820:
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4055:
2228:
1938:
1390:
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1349:
1329:
1309:
1264:
1124:
883:
4949:
4888:
1494:
1408:
519:
held in Montreal. The festival incorporates the diversities that exist among the Canadians of African and Afro-Caribbean descent.
416:
lived in Montreal.Though dispersed throughout the city, many settled among African-Americans and English-speaking West Indians in
4788:
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4448:
3169:
2874:
2791:
2589:
1773:
1467:
336:
69:
2584:
1165:
1398:
993:
259:
ancestry. As a group, black people arrived in Canada in several waves. The first of these came as free persons serving in the
4708:
4315:
1436:
1062:
779:
584:
574:
comedy or drama series centred around the creation and/or expansion of a Black-oriented cultural or community institution.
4840:
4703:
4673:
4589:
4488:
3932:
3226:
2918:
2879:
2330:
2293:
2193:
2124:
2110:
1854:
1788:
394:
103:'s population, as of 2021, and are the largest visible minority group in the city. The majority of Black Canadians are of
4478:
4396:
3256:
2223:
244:
4756:
1218:
4835:
2957:
2784:
2614:
2569:
2497:
2144:
1758:
1319:
4873:
2765:
1359:
1299:
4438:
3193:
2644:
2548:
2508:
2183:
1783:
1768:
1551:
666:
387:
4913:
4541:
3809:
2755:
2395:
2248:
2243:
1429:
1226:
850:
546:
417:
274:
127:
List of census subdivisions in the Montreal area with Black populations higher than the national average Source:
2022:
1472:
4883:
4810:
4453:
4381:
4376:
3440:
3219:
3089:
2911:
2298:
1733:
24:
316:
neighbourhood. The railroads were considered to have good positions, with steady work and a chance to travel.
4546:
4288:
3794:
3461:
3261:
2731:
2523:
2178:
1849:
769:
753:
1627:
1617:
1080:
4346:
4239:
3765:
3577:
2649:
2444:
2203:
1679:
1605:
794:
693:
550:
421:
360:
348:
293:
4276:
3300:
1691:
4865:
4688:
4622:
4521:
4516:
4498:
4320:
4143:
3922:
3890:
3842:
3755:
3747:
2892:
2701:
2626:
2533:
2449:
2434:
2388:
2383:
2258:
1898:
1825:
1820:
1534:
1481:
1081:"THE COLOURED WOMEN'S CLUB OF MONTREAL, 1902-1940: African-Canadian Women Confronting Anti-Black Racism"
1012:
676:
364:
256:
1013:"Little Burgundy: The Interwoven Histories of Race, Residence, and Work in Twentieth-Century Montreal"
472:
is the sixth most spoken language in Montreal and the seventh most spoken language in the province of
4713:
4617:
4609:
4594:
4551:
4536:
4473:
4310:
4184:
4138:
4097:
4029:
3862:
3852:
3827:
3799:
3697:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3466:
3125:
2826:
2659:
2439:
2238:
1988:
652:
437:
43:
1222:
352:
4855:
4815:
4802:
4571:
4433:
4420:
4123:
4075:
4070:
4039:
3993:
3880:
3837:
3817:
3782:
3732:
3727:
3710:
3633:
3613:
3603:
3598:
3557:
3547:
3369:
3181:
3135:
2993:
2969:
2850:
2838:
2417:
2408:
2373:
2149:
1923:
1778:
1583:
1566:
589:
542:
413:
379:, often living side by side with poor and working class Francophones, who remained the majority in
344:
324:
236:
212:
140:
116:
393:
West Indian women, from both the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, came to Montreal after the
4850:
4302:
4244:
4158:
4148:
4128:
4113:
4087:
3978:
3963:
3917:
3912:
3885:
3822:
3777:
3717:
3623:
3572:
3562:
3526:
3487:
3482:
3445:
3422:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3364:
3317:
3285:
3101:
3053:
3041:
3017:
3005:
2981:
2691:
2574:
2340:
2303:
2263:
2198:
1913:
1032:
937:
744:
516:
485:
461:
268:
188:
128:
108:
3278:
1546:
966:
429:
368:
448:
Today, Montreal's Black community has diversified considerably, led by the mostly francophone,
4937:
4830:
4825:
4718:
4663:
4632:
4584:
4506:
4443:
4339:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4189:
4179:
4174:
4153:
4118:
4092:
4080:
4065:
4034:
4008:
3949:
3944:
3937:
3927:
3832:
3787:
3737:
3705:
3608:
3567:
3531:
3312:
3307:
3029:
2654:
2594:
2454:
2320:
2188:
2079:
1835:
1810:
1386:
1365:
1345:
1325:
1305:
1260:
1120:
1066:
1058:
925:
915:
889:
879:
789:
738:
720:
681:
648:
289:
170:
1141:"Little Burgundy and Montreal's Black English-Speaking Community | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
912:
Viola Desmond's Canada : a history of blacks and racial segregation in the promised land
231:
The first recorded black person to set foot on land now known as Canada was a free man named
4903:
4561:
4511:
4391:
4386:
4271:
4261:
4194:
4060:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3905:
3900:
3722:
3672:
3667:
3497:
3417:
3400:
3390:
3374:
3290:
3077:
3063:
2427:
2352:
2096:
2049:
2017:
1943:
1881:
1864:
1830:
1763:
1728:
1723:
1701:
1696:
1632:
1610:
1514:
1489:
1452:
1088:
1024:
774:
757:
642:
530:
489:
453:
372:
252:
232:
220:
158:
112:
48:
4256:
4249:
4133:
4013:
3983:
3895:
3875:
3770:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3652:
3552:
3349:
3334:
3322:
2934:
2854:
2378:
2310:
2233:
2115:
2091:
2059:
2054:
2005:
1978:
1968:
1874:
1753:
1573:
1556:
1519:
1509:
1256:
1248:
709:
687:
526:
508:
424:. This trend was exacerbated by post war urban renewal and construction in the lead up to
398:
323:
founded numerous social organizations: the Women's Coloured Club of Montreal in 1902, the
320:
313:
208:
196:
1117:
The evolution of the black community of Montreal : change and challenge October 2001
4893:
4458:
4283:
3870:
3847:
3760:
3492:
3339:
3329:
3058:
2859:
2721:
2706:
2218:
2208:
2166:
2134:
2129:
2069:
1973:
1918:
1908:
1869:
1711:
1706:
1595:
1504:
748:
714:
657:
558:
554:
534:
469:
405:
356:
146:
96:
4965:
3211:
3164:
2422:
2347:
2283:
2213:
2074:
2064:
2044:
2032:
2000:
1795:
1716:
1649:
1578:
1539:
1179:
1036:
732:
726:
661:
571:
538:
152:
247:. The first known black person to live in what would become Canada was a slave from
2679:
2674:
2513:
2171:
2161:
1893:
1499:
636:
380:
340:
296:, New York City, and Washington, D.C. They settled mainly in the major cities of
223:
have large Black populations, the latter of which has a large Haitian population.
549:, pop music and classical music. Some of the earliest musical influences include
4556:
4526:
3176:
2696:
2538:
2362:
2325:
2315:
2288:
1903:
1815:
1524:
493:
433:
425:
376:
264:
260:
240:
134:
4411:
312:, which had major rail connections. In Montreal, they settled primarily in the
2664:
2335:
2275:
1993:
1600:
705:
699:
504:
248:
929:
826:"Visible minority groups, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories"
2807:
1933:
1859:
1301:
North of the Color Line: Migration and Black Resistance in Canada, 1870–1955
1054:
481:
309:
164:
104:
390:
occurred as a result of racist policies at Sir George Williams University.
195:
One of the most famous Black-dominated urban neighbourhoods in Montreal is
967:"Riding the Rails: Black Railroad Workers in Canada and the United States"
893:
4401:
4362:
4266:
3295:
3152:
2084:
2037:
1983:
1800:
1684:
1654:
1637:
1529:
305:
297:
182:
100:
331:
in 1927. The neighbourhood became famous for producing several talented
243:
some time between 1603 and 1608 as a translator for the French explorer
4428:
3188:
3072:
2726:
2716:
1588:
672:
620:
319:
To combat poverty and social exclusion, the nascent black community of
301:
1093:
1028:
608:
2776:
2010:
1928:
1886:
1561:
473:
176:
4331:
1421:
1051:
Creating Postwar Canada: Community, Diversity, and Dissent, 1945-75
3273:
2903:
2403:
2027:
449:
347:
featuring homegrown and international performers; one of them was
1193:
996:
McGill University Faculty of Architecture. Accessed July 4, 2011.
623:
is a newspaper serving Montreal's Black and Caribbean Community.
343:
years as an 'open city,' Little Burgundy was home to many lively
1085:
Canadian Social Work Review / Revue canadienne de service social
332:
200:
4335:
3215:
2907:
2780:
1425:
4899:
MontrĂ©al–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
603:
1166:"How Haitian Immigrants Have Shaped the City of Montreal"
684:, journalist, broadcaster, and Governor General of Canada
1180:"Black Montreal: A Brief History | Destinations"
627:
is a web series addressing issues in the community.
292:
were recruited from the U.S., with many coming from
4864:
4801:
4776:
4727:
4696:
4687:
4656:
4608:
4570:
4497:
4419:
4369:
4301:
4205:
4167:
4106:
4048:
4022:
3971:
3962:
3861:
3808:
3746:
3696:
3660:
3651:
3591:
3540:
3519:
3512:
3475:
3454:
3433:
3383:
3357:
3348:
3249:
3143:
2941:
2635:
2605:
2559:
2496:
2485:
2465:
2361:
2274:
2109:
1959:
1744:
1670:
1480:
1466:
1459:
1410:
Problems and challenges persist for black Quebecers
1079:Este, David; Sato, Christa; McKenna, Darcy (2017).
522:The Montreal Black Film Festival is held annually.
1194:"Festival International du Film black de Montréal"
1119:. Montréal: MCESSP, McGill School of Social Work.
1399:Burgundy Jazz | Life and Music in Little Burgundy
690:, retired hockey player, politician, entrepreneur
1198:Festival International du Film black de Montréal
851:"National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2016"
815:, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
785:List of topics related to the African diaspora
525:Black Canadians have had a major influence on
4347:
3227:
2919:
2792:
1437:
878:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
675:, NBA professional basketball player for the
199:, regarded as the spiritual home of Canadian
111:origin, though the population also includes
77:
8:
4763:
4754:
1006:
1004:
1002:
115:immigrants and their descendants (including
1383:The Freedom-Seekers, Blacks in Early Canada
946:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4693:
4354:
4340:
4332:
3968:
3657:
3516:
3354:
3234:
3220:
3212:
2926:
2912:
2904:
2799:
2785:
2777:
2493:
1477:
1463:
1444:
1430:
1422:
1244:
1242:
1065:, 9780774858151. Start: p. 268. CITED: p.
950:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
942:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
828:. 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. Archived from
84:
70:
15:
4679:Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
1092:
4669:Service de sécurité incendie de Montréal
989:
987:
529:, helping pioneer many genres including
1361:Who's who in Black Canada two, Volume 2
806:
23:
1304:, University of North Carolina Press,
935:
99:, numbering 198,610, make up 11.3% of
1341:Black like who?: writing Black Canada
1253:Black Like Who?: Writing Black Canada
876:The Blacks in Canada : a history
600:Tyndale St. George's Community Centre
7:
2761:
905:
903:
869:
867:
395:Domestic Immigration Program of 1955
217:Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc-Extension
4945:
1385:, Stoddart Publishing Co. Limited,
1324:, McGill-Queen's University Press,
729:, classical music and piano teacher
205:Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
4972:Black Canadian culture in Montreal
4469:2002–06 reorganization of Montreal
3243:Ethnic origins of people in Canada
660:, former member of Parliament for
325:Union United Congregational Church
14:
4909:Réseau de transport métropolitain
4784:Montreal Public Libraries Network
4484:National Historic Sites of Canada
412:In 1977, between 1,200 and 2,400
397:was established. Most settled in
4944:
4933:
4932:
4919:Société de transport de Montréal
4449:Montreal Metropolitan Commission
4410:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3134:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2951:
2886:
2866:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2760:
2751:
2750:
1633:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
910:Reynolds, Graham, 1944- (2016).
669:, professional basketball player
609:Black Theatre Workshop, Montreal
597:Youth In Motion Community Centre
355:, after whom a street is named.
4766:Université du Québec à Montréal
4750:École de technologie supérieure
4464:Oldest buildings and structures
1321:The Blacks in Canada: a history
1069:. Retrieved on October 7, 2014.
604:Black Community Resource Centre
267:, though some were enslaved or
255:, who may have been of partial
1145:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
780:African-Canadian Heritage Tour
1:
4489:COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal
1298:Mathieu, Sarah-Jane (2010),
245:Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts
235:. Travelling with navigator
4889:Gare d'autocars de Montréal
965:Jenny Carson (2002-05-04).
853:. Statcan.gc.ca. 2013-05-08
717:, jazz pianist and composer
702:, electronic music producer
696:, jazz pianist and composer
645:, retired basketball player
639:, retired basketball player
4988:
3583:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
3114:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
2645:African diaspora religions
1769:Indigenous Black Canadians
1407:Wilton, Katherine (2015),
1115:Torczyner, Jim L. (2001).
723:, American football player
388:Sir George Williams affair
4927:
4764:
4755:
4745:CSS de la Pointe-de-l'ĂŽle
4408:
3592:Central and South America
3132:
2815:
2746:
2620:African Hebrew Israelites
2396:Afro-Asians in South Asia
1358:Williams, Dawn P (2006),
1338:Walcott, Rinaldo (2003),
1227:The Canadian Encyclopedia
973:. The History Cooperative
4740:CSS Marguerite-Bourgeoys
4454:Montreal Urban Community
1662:Turks and Caicos Islands
874:Winks, Robin W. (1971).
4590:René Lévesque Boulevard
4056:Nordic and Scandinavian
1381:Hill, Daniel G (1992),
1318:Winks, Robin W (1997),
770:List of black Canadians
754:Olivier-Maxence Prosper
735:, retired hockey player
651:, former leader of the
4757:Université de Montréal
2650:Anti-African sentiment
1219:Marie-Thérèse Lefebvre
795:Demographics of Canada
585:Negro Community Centre
512:
329:Negro Community Center
275:Marie-Joseph Angélique
239:, de Costa arrived in
4874:Aéroports de Montréal
4821:Festivals and parades
4789:Jewish Public Library
4517:Hochelaga Archipelago
2702:Civil rights movement
2590:Afro-Caribbean people
1899:Chestnut Ridge people
1821:African-American Jews
1623:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1011:High, Steven (2019).
971:Labour/Le Travail, 50
756:, basketball player,
747:, basketball player,
708:, basketball player,
677:Oklahoma City Thunder
496:and the South Shore.
25:Ethnicity in Montreal
4714:Concordia University
4709:Lester B. Pearson SB
4638:Municipal government
4595:Saint Jacques Street
4552:Saint Lawrence River
4547:Rivière des Prairies
4474:1976 Summer Olympics
2660:Atlantic slave trade
2348:United Arab Emirates
1017:Urban History Review
653:Quebec Liberal Party
625:Black Wealth Matters
438:Pointe Saint-Charles
4704:English Montreal SB
4397:Notable Montrealers
3144:Canadian settlement
2549:Sierra Leone Creole
2400:India and Pakistan
1645:Trinidad and Tobago
1495:Antigua and Barbuda
1344:, Insomniac Press,
1217:Monique Desroches;
1168:. 4 September 2019.
594:Oscar Peterson Park
590:Union United Church
422:Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
414:Black Nova Scotians
349:Rockhead's Paradise
269:indentured servants
237:Samuel de Champlain
213:Pierrefonds-Roxboro
141:Dollard-des-Ormeaux
117:Black Nova Scotians
107:and of continental
19:Part of a series on
4643:Opposition leaders
3286:Canadian ethnicity
2692:Black Lives Matter
2299:Ethiopian Israelis
1949:African immigrants
1924:Louisiana Redbones
1860:Chickasaw freedmen
1789:African immigrants
1557:Dominican Republic
994:"Little Burgundy."
745:Bennedict Mathurin
517:Caribbean Carnival
339:and the later pre-
335:musicians. During
129:Canada 2016 Census
4959:
4958:
4797:
4796:
4719:McGill University
4648:Political parties
4585:Montreal Exchange
4444:Montreal District
4329:
4328:
4297:
4296:
3958:
3957:
3647:
3646:
3508:
3507:
3209:
3208:
2901:
2900:
2774:
2773:
2742:
2741:
2655:Anti-Black racism
2595:British Jamaicans
2585:African Americans
2570:African Americans
2524:Americo-Liberians
2509:African Americans
2481:
2480:
2304:Sudanese refugees
2105:
2104:
1875:Seminole freedmen
1855:Cherokee freedmen
1836:Black Southerners
1811:African Americans
1759:African Americans
1364:, D.P. Williams,
1094:10.7202/1040996ar
1029:10.7202/1059112ar
921:978-1-55266-837-5
790:Slavery in Canada
739:Alexsandra Wright
721:Benjamin St-Juste
649:Dominique Anglade
621:Community Contact
327:in 1907, and the
288:Many of Canada's
94:
93:
4979:
4948:
4947:
4936:
4935:
4904:Port of Montreal
4769:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4697:English-language
4694:
4512:Greater Montreal
4414:
4363:City of Montreal
4356:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4107:Southeast Europe
3969:
3658:
3517:
3355:
3291:French Canadians
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3192:
3191:
3180:
3179:
3168:
3167:
3156:
3155:
3138:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2958:African-American
2956:
2955:
2954:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2873:United Kingdom (
2872:
2870:
2869:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2778:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2494:
1882:Creoles of color
1865:Choctaw freedmen
1831:Black Mennonites
1764:Black Mennonites
1611:Jamaican Maroons
1567:Samaná Americans
1478:
1464:
1453:African diaspora
1446:
1439:
1432:
1423:
1413:
1395:
1374:
1354:
1334:
1314:
1281:Benjamin, Drew.
1268:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1076:
1070:
1057:, July 1, 2008.
1047:
1041:
1040:
1008:
997:
991:
982:
981:
979:
978:
962:
956:
955:
941:
933:
907:
898:
897:
871:
862:
861:
859:
858:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
822:
816:
811:
775:African diaspora
758:Dallas Mavericks
643:Samuel Dalembert
531:Canadian hip hop
253:Olivier Le Jeune
233:Mathieu de Costa
113:African American
86:
79:
72:
16:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4923:
4884:Central Station
4860:
4793:
4772:
4735:CSS de Montréal
4728:French-language
4723:
4683:
4657:Public services
4652:
4604:
4566:
4493:
4415:
4406:
4365:
4360:
4330:
4325:
4293:
4201:
4168:Southern Europe
4163:
4102:
4049:Northern Europe
4044:
4018:
3954:
3857:
3804:
3742:
3692:
3643:
3587:
3536:
3504:
3471:
3455:Southern Africa
3450:
3429:
3379:
3344:
3335:Irish Canadians
3245:
3240:
3210:
3205:
3199:Greater Toronto
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3139:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3070:
3048:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2944:national origin
2943:
2937:
2935:Black Canadians
2932:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2867:
2865:
2845:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2775:
2770:
2738:
2712:Genetic history
2637:
2631:
2607:
2601:
2581:United Kingdom
2555:
2534:Afro-Brazilians
2489:
2487:
2477:
2461:
2366:
2357:
2270:
2113:
2101:
1961:
1955:
1826:Alabama Creoles
1746:
1740:
1672:
1666:
1471:
1455:
1450:
1420:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1357:
1352:
1337:
1332:
1317:
1312:
1297:
1294:
1292:Further reading
1277:
1272:
1271:
1257:Insomniac Press
1249:Rinaldo Walcott
1247:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1048:
1044:
1010:
1009:
1000:
992:
985:
976:
974:
964:
963:
959:
934:
922:
909:
908:
901:
886:
873:
872:
865:
856:
854:
849:
848:
844:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
812:
808:
803:
766:
710:Toronto Raptors
688:Georges Laraque
633:
617:
580:
547:Caribbean music
515:) is an annual
502:
446:
430:CĂ´te-des-Neiges
418:Little Burgundy
399:Little Burgundy
369:CĂ´te-Saint-Paul
321:Little Burgundy
314:Little Burgundy
290:railway porters
286:
229:
197:Little Burgundy
125:
97:Black Canadians
90:
53:
34:Black Canadians
12:
11:
5:
4985:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4941:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Shopping malls
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4761:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Urgences-santé
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4580:Board of Trade
4576:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4532:Neighbourhoods
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4459:October Crisis
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4209:
4207:
4206:Western Europe
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4023:Eastern Europe
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3972:Central Europe
3966:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3810:Southeast Asia
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:South Sudanese
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3358:Horn of Africa
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3340:Black Loyalist
3337:
3332:
3330:Newfoundlander
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3090:South Sudanese
3080:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2880:Indo-Caribbean
2877:
2875:Afro-Caribbean
2863:
2860:Indo-Caribbean
2857:
2855:Afro-Caribbean
2841:
2829:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2722:Pan-Africanism
2719:
2714:
2709:
2707:Creole peoples
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2423:Black Dutchmen
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2344:
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2328:
2323:
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2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2291:
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2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2239:United Kingdom
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:Creek freedmen
1867:
1862:
1857:
1843:
1841:Black Hispanic
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1807:United States
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1712:Miskito people
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
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1570:
1569:
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1537:
1532:
1522:
1520:Cayman Islands
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1461:
1457:
1456:
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1441:
1434:
1426:
1419:
1418:External links
1416:
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749:Indiana Pacers
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
715:Oscar Peterson
712:
703:
697:
691:
685:
682:Michaëlle Jean
679:
670:
664:
658:Tyrone Benskin
655:
646:
640:
632:
631:Notable people
629:
616:
613:
612:
611:
606:
601:
598:
595:
592:
587:
579:
576:
559:Charlie Biddle
555:Oscar Peterson
535:Canadian blues
527:Canadian music
501:
498:
470:Haitian Creole
445:
442:
406:decolonization
357:Oscar Peterson
353:Rufus Rockhead
285:
282:
228:
225:
193:
192:
186:
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171:CĂ´te-Saint-Luc
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4562:Montréal 2025
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4402:Sister cities
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2545:Sierra Leone
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2023:French Guiana
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
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1939:Somali Bantus
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1846:Black Indians
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1816:Affrilachians
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1774:New Brunswick
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1717:Miskito Sambu
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1650:Dougla people
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1540:Ganga-Longoba
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1473:Latin America
1469:
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1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:0-7737-5558-6
1388:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1371:0-9731384-2-4
1367:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:1-894663-40-3
1347:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1331:0-7735-1631-X
1327:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1311:9780807834299
1307:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
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1274:
1266:
1265:1-894663-40-3
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1223:"Black Music"
1220:
1213:
1210:
1199:
1195:
1189:
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1181:
1175:
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1167:
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1128:
1126:1-896456-45-6
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885:0-300-01361-2
881:
877:
870:
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864:
852:
846:
843:
832:on 2012-12-08
831:
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755:
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750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
733:Peter Worrell
731:
728:
727:Daisy Sweeney
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
711:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
678:
674:
671:
668:
667:Chris Boucher
665:
663:
662:Jeanne-Le Ber
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582:
581:
577:
575:
573:
572:ensemble cast
568:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:Canadian jazz
536:
532:
528:
523:
520:
518:
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510:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
477:
475:
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463:
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455:
454:Montréal-Nord
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
407:
402:
400:
396:
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221:Montréal-Nord
218:
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184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
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87:
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68:
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50:
47:
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42:
40:
37:
35:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
22:
18:
17:
4943:
4931:
4841:Music groups
4811:Architecture
4623:City Council
4382:Demographics
4377:Coat of arms
4289:Luxembourger
4240:Scotch-Irish
3766:Anglo-Indian
3661:Central Asia
3578:Puerto Rican
3384:North Africa
3157:
2942:By ethnic or
2473:Saint Helena
2409:in Karnataka
2326:Saudi Arabia
1894:Brass Ankles
1535:Cape Verdean
1409:
1382:
1360:
1340:
1320:
1300:
1282:
1252:
1230:. Retrieved
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:
1135:
1116:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1084:
1074:
1050:
1045:
1020:
1016:
975:. Retrieved
970:
960:
911:
875:
855:. Retrieved
845:
834:. Retrieved
830:the original
820:
809:
694:Oliver Jones
637:Joel Anthony
618:
578:Institutions
566:
563:
551:Oliver Jones
524:
521:
503:
478:
458:Saint-Michel
447:
411:
403:
392:
386:In 1968 the
385:
381:Le Sud-Ouest
361:Oliver Jones
341:Jean Drapeau
318:
287:
279:
273:
230:
194:
126:
123:Demographics
95:
33:
4950:WikiProject
4600:Skyscrapers
4557:West Island
4527:Mount Royal
4144:Montenegrin
3923:Azerbaijani
3891:Palestinian
3843:Singaporean
3756:Bangladeshi
3476:West Africa
3434:East Africa
3182:Nova Scotia
2732:Reparations
2697:Black power
2445:New Zealand
2276:Middle East
2229:Switzerland
2189:Netherlands
1904:Dominickers
1779:Nova Scotia
1697:El Salvador
1628:Saint Lucia
1618:Puerto Rico
914:. Halifax.
494:West Island
434:Griffintown
377:Ville Emard
365:Saint-Henri
351:, owned by
337:Prohibition
261:French Army
241:Nova Scotia
147:Châteauguay
4311:Australian
4185:Portuguese
4139:Macedonian
4098:Lithuanian
4030:Belarusian
3853:Vietnamese
3828:Indonesian
3800:Sri Lankan
3748:South Asia
3639:Venezuelan
3629:Salvadoran
3619:Guatemalan
3467:Zimbabwean
3257:Indigenous
3126:Zimbabwean
2665:Coromantee
2080:Paramaccan
1994:Quilombola
1934:Melungeons
1692:Costa Rica
1601:Coromantee
1232:2010-07-26
1203:2020-12-03
1100:17 January
1063:077485815X
977:2011-01-22
857:2017-02-08
836:2011-01-22
801:References
706:Khem Birch
700:Kaytranada
505:Carifiesta
486:Dominicans
345:nightclubs
284:Modern era
249:Madagascar
189:Terrebonne
4866:Transport
4777:Libraries
4689:Education
4674:Hospitals
4628:Elections
4522:Landmarks
4499:Geography
4434:Hochelaga
4277:Québécois
4124:Bulgarian
4076:Norwegian
4071:Icelandic
4040:Ukrainian
4009:Slovenian
3994:Hungarian
3881:Jordanian
3863:West Asia
3838:Malaysian
3818:Cambodian
3783:Pakistani
3733:Taiwanese
3728:Mongolian
3711:Hong Kong
3698:East Asia
3634:Uruguayan
3614:Colombian
3604:Brazilian
3599:Argentine
3558:Dominican
3548:Barbadian
3541:Caribbean
3370:Ethiopian
3301:Québécois
2994:Ethiopian
2970:Barbadian
2827:Australia
2808:Caribbean
2486:Secondary
2450:Sri Lanka
2428:Mardijker
2418:Indonesia
2389:Hong Kong
2384:Guangzhou
2374:Australia
2321:Palestine
2249:Liverpool
2244:Cambridge
2097:Venezuela
1969:Argentina
1724:Nicaragua
1702:Guatemala
1482:Caribbean
1460:Geography
1087:: 81–99.
1055:UBC Press
1037:166843406
1023:: 23–44.
938:cite book
930:932093581
741:, actress
482:Jamaicans
444:Diversity
310:Vancouver
294:the South
165:Longueuil
105:Caribbean
4966:Category
4938:Category
4618:Boroughs
4610:Politics
4537:Old Port
4507:Downtown
4479:Timeline
4370:Features
4316:Hawaiian
4267:Acadians
4245:Scottish
4159:Yugoslav
4149:Romanian
4129:Croatian
4114:Albanian
4088:Estonian
3979:Austrian
3918:Assyrian
3913:Armenian
3886:Lebanese
3823:Filipino
3718:Japanese
3624:Peruvian
3573:Jamaican
3563:Guyanese
3527:American
3513:Americas
3488:Nigerian
3483:Ghanaian
3446:Sudanese
3423:Egyptian
3411:Tunisian
3406:Moroccan
3396:Algerian
3365:Eritrean
3318:Scottish
3296:Acadians
3158:Montreal
3102:Sudanese
3054:Nigerian
3042:Jamaican
3018:Guyanese
3006:Ghanaian
2982:Eritrean
2810:diaspora
2756:Category
2606:Asia and
2575:Haitians
2530:Nigeria
2520:Liberia
2490:diaspora
2466:Atlantic
2440:Malaysia
2341:Africans
2259:Scotland
2204:Portugal
2125:Abkhazia
2085:Saramaka
2060:Suriname
2050:Paraguay
2038:Saramaka
2006:Colombia
1984:Kalungas
1914:Garifuna
1850:Freedmen
1801:Mascogos
1734:CimarrĂłn
1707:Honduras
1685:Garifuna
1655:Merikins
1638:Garifuna
1552:Dominica
1510:Barbados
1490:Anguilla
1468:Americas
1255:. 2003,
764:See also
567:creating
513:CarifĂŞte
490:La Salle
462:Rosemont
426:Expo '67
306:Winnipeg
298:Montreal
183:Brossard
159:Pincourt
135:Montréal
101:Montreal
44:Japanese
39:Italians
4879:Bridges
4856:Tourism
4836:Museums
4816:Cuisine
4803:Culture
4572:Economy
4429:Expo 67
4421:History
4303:Oceania
4235:English
4230:Cornish
4225:British
4218:Flemish
4213:Belgian
4190:Spanish
4180:Maltese
4175:Italian
4154:Serbian
4119:Bosnian
4093:Latvian
4081:Swedish
4066:Finnish
4035:Russian
3950:Turkish
3945:Kurdish
3938:Israeli
3928:Iranian
3833:Laotian
3788:Punjabi
3738:Tibetan
3706:Chinese
3609:Chilean
3568:Haitian
3532:Mexican
3313:English
3308:British
3267:by band
3194:Ontario
3030:Haitian
2766:Commons
2727:Slavery
2717:Maroons
2636:Related
2608:Oceania
2566:France
2455:Kaffirs
2367:Oceania
2234:Ukraine
2209:Romania
2179:Ireland
2162:Germany
2145:Finland
2140:Denmark
2135:Belgium
2130:Austria
2092:Uruguay
2070:Matawai
2018:Ecuador
1989:Macombo
1974:Bolivia
1962:America
1784:Ontario
1747:America
1673:America
1671:Central
1596:Jamaica
1584:Marabou
1574:Grenada
1547:Curaçao
1515:Bermuda
1505:Bahamas
1287:. 1856.
1275:Sources
1150:20 June
673:Lu Dort
543:R&B
500:Culture
468:Today,
450:Haitian
302:Toronto
227:History
209:LaSalle
137:(10.3%)
109:African
4439:Mayors
4272:Breton
4262:French
4195:Basque
4061:Danish
4004:Slovak
3999:Polish
3989:German
3964:Europe
3933:Jewish
3906:Yemeni
3901:Syrian
3795:Romani
3778:Nepali
3761:Indian
3723:Korean
3673:Kazakh
3668:Afghan
3498:Yoruba
3418:Coptic
3401:Libyan
3391:Berber
3375:Somali
3350:Africa
3250:Canada
3078:Somali
3064:Yoruba
2871:
2851:Canada
2839:Brazil
2685:Yoruba
2638:topics
2615:Israel
2560:Europe
2505:Ghana
2498:Africa
2336:Turkey
2311:Jordan
2294:Israel
2254:London
2224:Sweden
2214:Russia
2199:Poland
2194:Norway
2172:Blacks
2167:Greece
2150:France
2116:Blacks
2111:Europe
2075:Ndyuka
2065:Kwinti
2045:Guyana
2033:Ndyuka
2011:Raizal
1979:Brazil
1944:Yoruba
1929:Lumbee
1909:Fulani
1887:Gullah
1796:Mexico
1754:Canada
1729:Panama
1680:Belize
1589:Marron
1562:Cocolo
1389:
1368:
1348:
1328:
1308:
1263:
1123:
1061:
1035:
928:
918:
894:140347
892:
882:
509:French
492:, the
474:Quebec
466:R.D.P.
373:Verdun
251:named
191:(7.2%)
185:(5.2%)
179:(4.3%)
177:Dorval
173:(4.3%)
161:(5.6%)
155:(7.8%)
149:(8.3%)
143:(6.8%)
4914:Roads
4894:Metro
4851:Sport
4831:Media
4826:Films
4633:Mayor
4542:Parks
4284:Irish
4257:Dutch
4250:Welsh
4134:Greek
4014:Swiss
3984:Czech
3896:Saudi
3876:Iraqi
3771:Tamil
3688:Uzbek
3683:Tatar
3678:Tajik
3553:Cuban
3323:Welsh
3279:MĂ©tis
3274:Inuit
2680:Tikar
2675:Kongo
2627:Japan
2514:Tabom
2435:Japan
2404:Siddi
2379:China
2353:Yemen
2331:Syria
2264:Wales
2219:Spain
2184:Italy
2155:Paris
2028:Aluku
2001:Chile
1960:South
1919:Igbos
1745:North
1606:Igbos
1579:Haiti
1530:Arará
1500:Aruba
1033:S2CID
615:Media
257:Malay
153:Laval
4392:Name
4387:Flag
3871:Arab
3848:Thai
3653:Asia
3493:Igbo
3059:Igbo
2670:Igbo
2539:Saro
2363:Asia
2316:Oman
2289:Iraq
2284:Iran
2055:Peru
1525:Cuba
1387:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1152:2021
1121:ISBN
1102:2021
1059:ISBN
952:link
948:link
944:link
926:OCLC
916:ISBN
890:OCLC
880:ISBN
619:The
583:the
557:and
464:and
436:and
375:and
359:and
333:jazz
308:and
265:Navy
263:and
219:and
201:jazz
167:(7%)
49:Jews
2365:and
1089:doi
1067:279
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