Black Lady - Knowledge (XXG)

655:, whereby a player may aim to capture all the penalty cards; i.e., the black lady and all hearts. In this event the player scores zero, while each opponent scores twenty-six penalty points. In a failed attempt, penalty points are scored as normal. Morehead gives the old scoring rule that no players score for the deal and the other alternative that the player who successfully shoots the moon scores twenty-six plus points. 4072: 294: 43: 1376: 451:, where it is described as a separate game that is "essentially Hearts with the addition of the queen of spades as a minus card, counting thirteen". However, he omitted to mention that it also differed in retaining the discard or passing feature of Black Lady/Discard Hearts. The main change from the earliest rules is a much simplified scoring system. Culbertson includes a 1544:

are typically not passed unless the player is attempting to shoot the moon. Care must be taken in passing too many high cards which could allow the player receiving the cards to shoot the moon. A simple passing strategy to keep a recipient from shooting the moon is to pass them a single low-value heart, this is especially effective when holding on to the

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second player would be on 121 points, the shooter on 90, and the leader on 89. Alternatively, the old moon stands, but the game continues (even though, in the example, the second player is on 121 points) for as long as there are no successful shoot the moon outcomes. At that point, the winner is the player with the lowest score, even if this is over 100.

1730:, provided he or she similarly has a lot of other spades may decide to "smoke himself" to empty all the other players of their spades, thus ironically insulating himself from being smoked in the future – or perhaps to get the game into the situation in which another player(s) has a "dry" (i.e., solitary) spade that is 1501:

The main objectives of passing are to try to become "short" or "void" in a suit, and thus able to play off-suit when that suit is led; or to rid one's hand of "dangerous" cards that could force a player to take a trick containing penalty points, such as the ace, king, or queen of any suit (especially

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A player who shoots the moon can choose new moon only if applying old moon for the hand would end the game with the shooter losing by points. For example, in a 100-point game, if the shooter has 90, a second player 95, and the leader 63, the shooter and the second player would lose the game since the

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In the American version of this game, called American Hearts by Glenn and Denton, the cards are passed differently in successive deals. For the first deal, cards are passed to the left. For the second deal, cards are passed to the right. In the third deal, cards are passed across the table and in the

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A void is when a player does not have any cards of a certain suit. Generally, this is a highly advantageous situation, because it prevents the player from winning any points in that suit, and provides a means to dispose of poor cards. These can be intentionally created with good passing strategy, or

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In 1950, Culbertson reported that omnibus hearts was "rapidly becoming the most popular of hearts games" and was so called because it included all the features found in different members of the hearts family and Arnold states that it is "sufficiently different and popular" to justify being described

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Players cut for the deal, the player drawing the lowest card becoming the first dealer. Cards are dealt clockwise beginning with eldest hand. After the deal each player selects three cards to discard and passes them to the left-hand neighbour. This must be done before viewing the cards received from

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When all the tricks are played, players total up their scores. Each heart card captured scores one penalty point and the black lady scores thirteen. If one player takes all the penalty cards, no scores are recorded for that deal. When the first player reaches 100 points, the game ends and the winner

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for each heart captured; the Black Lady being worth thirteen. The pool is claimed by the person or people winning it. There are two ways of deciding a winner. In the sweepstake method, the pool may only be claimed by a player or players who takes no hearts at all. If everyone takes at least one, the

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in 1909 who describes a variant called "Discard hearts which is sometimes called black jack or black lady". In black jack, the jack of spades was worth "ten hearts"; in black lady the queen of spades was worth "thirteen hearts". Discarding three cards was already part of the game as the name discard

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are lead. In addition, high hearts can leave the player defenseless once hearts are broken. When creating voids, it is best to do that in either clubs or diamonds, because players want to avoid receiving high hearts or spades without having any padding. For this reason, spades lower than the queen

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Cancellation hearts is first described in 1950 by Culbertson and is a variant designed for larger numbers of players, typically 6 to 11 players, using two decks shuffled together. If exactly the same card is played twice in one trick, the cards cancel each other out, and neither can take the trick.

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Shooting the moon is a very common scoring variation. If one player takes all the penalty cards on one deal, that player's score remains unchanged while 26 penalty points are added to the scores of each of the other players. This is known as playing by "old moon" rules. In the "new moon" rules, the

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and thirteen hearts), 26 plus points are scored for the deal and the rest score zero (noting that in Culbertson's black lady rules, what is now called shooting the moon results in no player scoring for that deal). Arnold (2011) states that omnibus hearts is considered the best version of hearts by

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Rotating pass. Players pass in the following cycle: one player to the left, two players to the left, three players to the left, etc. This method accommodates any number of players. Additionally, if the cycle ends with a "no pass" round, one player (the one to the first dealer's right) will always

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Four-way passing. The most common method, popularized by computer versions, rotates passing through four deals; on the first deal, players pass to the left, the second deal to the right, the third across the table. On the fourth deal no cards are passed; alternatively players may pass one card to

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Unlike the basic game of hearts, card passing has always been a feature of black lady. It is also referred to as discarding, hence the earliest alternative name for black lady was discard hearts. The idea is that, before each hand begins, each player chooses three cards and passes them to another

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Attempting to shoot the moon is often a risky strategy, as failure to capture every single penalty card will result in the remaining penalty points (as many as 25, if only one heart is missed) being added to one's score. Shooting the moon can rapidly change the direction of a game in a player's

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With the exception of trying to shoot the moon, players attempt to discard high cards, especially high hearts or spades, and try to avoid winning points. This can either be accomplished by creating a void or playing a high card last in a trick that has no points. Generally speaking, it is

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favour. A good hand for shooting the moon should contain significant high cards, in addition to a long run of a single suit that can be used to keep the lead once the other players have run out of that suit. Furthermore, it is necessary to either have no hearts, or most/all high hearts (

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Apart from shooting the moon, the usual scoring system is employed with players scoring one penalty point for each heart card taken and thirteen for taking the Black Lady. Game is 100 points. When the first player reaches this score, the game stops and players settle their scores.

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Because black lady is generally understood to have only one winner when the game ends, some of the general strategies change when one or more players are at risk of reaching 100 points. In such scenarios it becomes strategical for players to work together to ensure the

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10 and every heart 1. Game is 101. The team of the first player to individually score 101 or more loses. If two or more players from opposing teams reach or exceed 101 in the same deal, the one with the higher score loses. Shooting the moon incurs a 37-point

682:, where cards are passed to the right. Passing cards to the left is easier because you know something about the hand of the player who follows you whereas, in passing cards to the right, you have no information about the hand of the player to your left. 463:

According to Culbertson, black lady may be played by three to seven players, individually, the best number being four. The standard 52-card deck is used and, in order to ensure each player gets the same number of cards, twos are discarded in the order:

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If a player receives 260 points (26 points every round) over ten rounds, all other players may receive 260 points and the player finishes with a score of 0, or all other players receive 100 in a normal game. This variant is called "shooting the big

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Card play follows the normal rules: eldest hand leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit if able; otherwise, they may play a card from any suit. The highest card of the led suit wins the trick, and the trick winner leads to the next.

210:, describes it as "essentially hearts with the addition of the queen of spades as a minus card, counting thirteen" and goes on to say that "black lady and its elaborations have completely overshadowed the original hearts in popularity". 534:

Glenn and Denton (2003) state that this version "is nearly universal in the United States." These rules are based on Morehead (2001), except where stated. The major differences are the rules on passing and the scoring scheme for

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If the game uses multiple decks, and two identical cards tie for taking the trick, the most recently played card takes precedence. Cancellation Hearts (see the Variations section) defines different behavior involving identical

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known as "shooting the moon" first appeared in Britain in 1939 in a variant of hearts called hitting the moon. This was essentially black lady with the addition of a slam. Today this feature is a common element in the game.

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Eldest hand leads to the first trick with any card. Players must follow suit if they can; otherwise may discard any card. A trick is won by the highest card of the led suit and the winner of the trick leads to the next.

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Three to six may play, but the game is best for four. There are no partnerships and no trumps. The standard deck is used and an even distribution of cards is achieved by removing as many of the following as are needed:

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advantageous to play the highest card possible without winning the trick. Players particularly concentrate on getting rid of high cards in suits that they do not have padding low cards in. For example, if a player had

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many players. He refers to the capture of all counting cards as "hitting the moon, take-all or slam". The game ends when a player reaches or exceeds 100 penalty points, whereupon the player with the lowest score wins.

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Hearts cannot be led until either they have been "broken" (discarded on the lead of another suit), or the player who must lead has nothing but Hearts remaining in hand. In some variations, any penalty card, including

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Star passing. With an odd number of players, passing across is not possible. If five play, players choose two cards and pass one each to the two players opposite. The pattern of passing routes forms a five-point

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In a sub-variation of the above, if a player's hand contains nothing but Hearts and other penalty cards, even if Hearts have not been broken, the player can lead a heart. Hearts are of course broken by this

1935:, everyone but the lowest score player can assist that player in shooting the moon (as long as the new moon rule is in play) so that the game does not end immediately, giving everyone a chance to catch up. 1047:. In early rules, the black jack may be discarded if its holder is void in the suit led. In later rules, the black jack must be discarded before any other card if the player is void in the led suit. 1020:

as dangerous as their spade counterparts and forms a counter to the black lady, enabling a player saddled with one 'lady' the opportunity to even the score by offloading the other. Spadaccini, like

508:. Aces are high. Again, players may pass any three cards face down and to the left. As an alternative rule, however, players may pass cards alternately to the left and then right from deal to deal. 874:

A player who shoots the sun may add 52 points to the player who passed to him or her at the beginning of the round, while the others each receive 26. This is known as the "punishment rule".

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leads with that card. Some rules state that neither hearts nor the Black Lady may be led until the first heart has been discarded. According to Morehead, in club play, the player with the

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Pink lady is an "almost forgotten variant" that "doubles the fun of black lady", "adding interest and intensity." Its key feature is the addition of an extra high penalty card, the

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in America, although that is the proper name for the basic game in which only the cards of the heart suit incur penalty points. It is known by a variety of other names including

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Hoyle's rules of games : descriptions of indoor games of skill and chance, with advice on skillful play : based on the foundations laid down by Edmond Hoyle, 1672-1769

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The first trick of a hand does not count for shooting the sun; only the following twelve tricks are required. This allows a player who holds the two of clubs to shoot the sun.

398:. Eldest hand leads any card to the first trick. Players must follow suit if they can; otherwise may discard. There is no trump suit. The winner of a trick leads to the next. 822:

Non-distinct jokers are valueless cards that cannot take tricks. They may be played at all times (except to lead tricks), or perhaps only when following suit is not possible.

419:. If more than one player takes no hearts, they divide the pool, any odd counters staying put. In the 'Howell' method, at the end of each deal, players pay into the pool 2777: 828:

Jokers may be allowed to lead. If they are, the leading player calls a suit which must be followed, or the lead suit may be determined by the next card played.

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Ten rounds are played using standard scoring, and each player has three lives. If a player receives 15 or more points in a round, he or she loses a life.

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A player that achieves a score of exactly 100 has their score reduced to zero. In this variant a score of 101 or greater is required to end the game.

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A player who takes all thirteen tricks may add 52 points to the other players' scores, subject to the other variations listed above. This is known as

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counters. This exhausts the pool and is designed to be a fairer reflection of the players' ability. The Black Lady ranks as a spade within the spade

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goes to the lowest score player, in order to close the gap before the game ends. Similarly, when a player is at 87 points or more and receives the

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would not be much of an issue; they can play the four lower cards and hopefully exhaust another player's spades before being forced to play the

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Jokers may also be considered as penalty cards. They may behave as normal penalty cards, or they might only score if played to a hearts trick.

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Shuffle passing. Players choose three cards and discard them to a central pile. The dealer then gathers, shuffles, and re-deals these cards.

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and the winner of the first trick adds them to his or her tricks. Some rules allow the winner of the first trick to view the kitty as well.

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If two such pairs appear in the same trick, the whole trick is cancelled and the cards are rolled over to the winner of the next trick.

2690: 2655: 2636: 2531: 2374: 1200:("Push Out the Pig") is a Chinese version. The aim is to take tricks containing bonus cards and avoid those with penalty cards. The 819:

Two distinct jokers are designated as the zero of clubs and the zero of diamonds, and behave just like ordinary clubs and diamonds.

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game in which the aim is to avoid taking tricks containing hearts or the black lady. American author and leading bridge exponent,

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A player who shoots the moon may only use new moon after he or she, or perhaps another player, has reached a predetermined score.

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as many counters as they took hearts. So in a four-player game, if Andy takes the Black Lady and a heart i.e. 14 hearts, he pays

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are two of the most important cards to get rid of, because they are not worth any points themselves but are ranked higher than

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as a separate game." In effect, omnibus hearts is really a variant of black lady to which has been added the bonus card of the

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were passed to the left. Scoring was simple: one penalty point for every heart captured and thirteen for the queen of spades.

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A player who takes all thirteen tricks reverts their score from the entire game to 0. This is known as "cleaning the slate".

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for three to six players and the most popular of the group. It emerged in the early 20th century as an elaboration of

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takes the place of the black lady but is worth 10 hearts or penalty points instead of thirteen. Moss (1995) calls it

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three cards to the left-hand neighbour. Players may not view the cards they receive before selecting their discards.

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are removed and, if six play, all four deuces are discarded. It was usual practice to play with two decks, one being

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A player who takes all of the penalty cards but fails to shoot the sun scores normally instead of shooting the moon.

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This article is about the American game often called Hearts. For the British game sometimes called Black lady, see

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A game cannot by won by player who successfully shoots the moon or sun. Play continues for at least one more hand.

3259: 3571: 305:(1909) – in which black lady was an alternative name for discard hearts, itself a variation of classic hearts. 1390:

and takes this trick (which includes a 1-point penalty heart). In this case, no other player had any diamonds.

1664:'s points to be taken by that bearer, and thus evaded by the player actuating the smoking). A player who has 1032:

Black jack is recorded by Foster as early as 1909 and has appeared sporadically in the literature since. The

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and choosing a seat first and then others choosing their seats in their order. Players tying must cut again.

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which earns 10 plus points for the player who takes it in a trick. If a player takes all fifteen counters (

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in any subsequent smoking play, and thus could also participate in smoking. Even the player that has the

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pool stays and forms a 'jack' (hence 'jackpot') until someone eventually takes no hearts at the end of a

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See, for example, Foster (1922), Wood and Goddard (1940), Culbertson (1950 and 1957) and Moss (1995).

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In the earliest rules, passing was always to the left. Today, there are many variations of passing:

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Black lady was developed in America in the early 20th century from hearts. It is first mentioned by

3044: 3029: 2436: 1313:. Middle Eastern partnership variant. Play is anticlockwise and suit must be followed if possible. 919: 998:. There are now 38 penalty points to be avoided per deal. The presence of the pink lady makes the 706:

Dealer's choice. The dealer chooses the number of cards to be passed and the direction of passing.

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onto another player. This is also referred to as "smoking the lady/queen", in reference to the

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may be required to play it at the first opportunity by discarding or following a higher spade.

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If jokers are used, rules must be defined concerning their play. Common conventions include:

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counters into the pool. Once everyone had paid up, players claim as many counters as they

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Left and right. The discarded cards are passed alternately left and right with each deal.

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American hearts, black lady hearts, black Maria, black widow, slippery Anne, rickety Kate

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in 1939, it incurred a penalty of 26 penalty points for everyone except the slam winner.

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The main variants of black lady are cancellation hearts, omnibus hearts and pink lady.

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which, however, is the British variant of hearts played with additional penalty cards.

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Foster's scoring scheme for basic hearts is that players start with a fixed number of

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The game is designed for three to six players, although "four is the usual number." A

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the first time spades were led, with the risk that another player will respond with

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player subtracts 26 points from their own score instead of adding 26 to the others.

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a moon attempt will invariably fail, because savvy players will not discard the

371:(to the left). The deal always rotates to the left. After the deal, each player 368: 353: 285:

The aim of black lady is to avoid capturing heart cards or the queen of spades.

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Two cards. When there are more than four players, only two cards can be passed.

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Any player has a right to shuffle, the dealer last. Dealer offers the cards to

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at the end (26 minus the number of penalty points scored). So Andy may claim

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A player who shoots the moon may have a choice between old moon or new moon.

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each opponent ("scatter pass"). The cycle of four deals is then repeated.

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player. Cards are usually passed to the left, unlike the British game of

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or pink lady, which scores 13 penalty points like her counterpart, the

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pass to the dealer; this can assist in remembering where to pass cards.

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The following rules are based on the earliest known rules – those by

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The following rules are based on those by American bridge expert,

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American card game of the hearts group for three to six players

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before multiple people have scored at least one point, so the

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for the choice of seats (aces low), lowest becoming the first

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hiding there would be forced to come out into the open (the

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doubles the point value of all Hearts taken by that player,

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in the full knowledge that some other player has this dry

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must lead it to begin the first trick. In variations with

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The aim is to avoid taking any hearts or the black lady (

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will ensure them at least one trick containing points.

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If a nine is played, the trick is extended by one round.

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fourth deal, players 'hold' i.e. do not pass any cards.

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is forced to be played by its bearer, thus causing the

1185:'s point value if both are captured by the same player. 899:

A player who takes no tricks scores –5 penalty points.

2631:. Cincinnati, OH: United States Playing Card Company. 1343:) and cannot follow suit, one of them must be played. 1535:

and as such would force players to take the queen if

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and so may be discarded if any other suit is played.

2650:(3rd rev. & updated ed.). New York: Plume. 2089:

at australiancardgames.com.au. Retrieved 7 Feb 2020.

4030: 3947: 3671: 3590: 3328: 3201: 2798: 714:Some versions prohibit passing some combination of 152: 144: 136: 128: 120: 110: 102: 88: 80: 70: 62: 52: 2678: 2601:Hoyle's Simplified Guide to the Popular Card Games 596:any cards left over after the deal are put into a 198:. It is named after its highest penalty card, the 853:There are several sub-variations to these rules: 592:. Cards rank in the normal order with Aces high. 2113: 2464:at boardgamegeek.com. Retrieved 23 March 2022. 1752:, in which case a trick could be started with 539:which reflects the earliest rule by Phillips. 2771: 755:There are some common variants to this play: 8: 1106:multiplies the score for the given hand by 2 30: 2048: 2778: 2764: 2756: 2404:at gamerules.com. Retrieved 23 March 2022. 2296: 2272: 2212: 2025: 1785:and will be forced to play it, taking the 647:An innovation in modern black lady is the 2721:(reprint ed.). Courier Corporation. 410:(50 or 100) and pay one counter into the 2500:at jawaker.com. Retrieved 23 March 2022. 2159: 1471:, then they would be forced to play the 1303:, which doubles the score for the round. 340:is removed, if five play, the two black 2361: 2171: 2072: 2007: 1961: 2349: 2325: 2308: 2284: 2195: 2183: 2136: 2098: 1925: 1914: 1894: 1883: 1872: 1861: 1850: 1839: 1828: 1817: 1806: 1786: 1775: 1764: 1753: 1742: 1731: 1720: 1709: 1698: 1687: 1676: 1665: 1654: 1643: 1617: 1606: 1595: 1584: 1556: 1545: 1536: 1525: 1514: 1503: 1483: 1472: 1461: 1450: 1439: 1401: 1380: 1355: 1344: 1325: 1314: 1293: 1282: 1271: 1260: 1249: 1238: 1227: 1216: 1205: 1175: 1164: 1153: 1142: 1131: 1096: 1085: 1068: 1033: 1010: 999: 988: 977: 957: 946: 935: 797: 782: 771: 760: 737: 726: 715: 634: 623: 582: 571: 560: 549: 498: 487: 476: 465: 384: 330: 29: 2415:"www.arcatm.com/arcatm-variant-rules" 526:is the player with the lowest score. 7: 2629:Bicycle official rules of card games 2337: 1024:, recommends playing to 100 points. 169:Aim: avoid capturing hearts or the 2627:Kansil, Joli Quentin, ed. (1999). 2608:Glenn, Jim; Denton, Carey (2003). 2517:. New York/London: Sterling. 2009. 1141:is worth 26 points instead of 13, 14: 2707:. London: H.F. & G. Witherby. 2646:Morehead, Philip D., ed. (2001). 1067:system. Hearts are worth 1 each, 269:Black lady was incorporated into 4071: 4070: 2591:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes. 2579:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes. 1968:When the slam was introduced by 1460:. In contrast, if they only had 1379:An example trick. South has led 41: 2705:The Complete Book of Card Games 2612:. Reader's Digest Association. 2475:"Rules of Card Games: Gong Zhu" 1110:. The first player to reach an 297:The penalty cards in black lady 2747:Spadaccini, Stephanie (2005). 2681:The Penguin Book of Card Games 2377:. Math.unl.edu. Archived from 2061:Little Giant Encyclopedia 2009 530:Modern rules – Morehead (2001) 289:Earliest rules – Foster (1909) 277:", starting with Windows 3.1. 233:. In Australia it is known as 194:and was initially also called 170: 1: 4129:Card games introduced in 1909 2250:. Heartsworld. Archived from 1635:in a closed area so that any 1059:. A variant by game designer 321:cards is used in which cards 2736:Seymour, Paul Henry (1958). 2610:The Treasury of Family Games 2477:. Pagat.com. 18 January 2004 1354:is worth 13 penalty points, 442: 4100:Tarot and Tarock card games 4091:Non trick-taking card games 2718:Card Games Around the World 2545:. London: Chambers Harrap. 2437:"Royal Hearts Instructions" 2114:Phillips & Westall 1939 1981:This is known elsewhere as 237:. It is sometimes misnamed 4155: 2685:. London: Treasure Press. 1583:If a player does not have 1339:. If a player holds both ( 917: 781:removed, play starts with 348:while the other was being 124:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 18: 4066: 2665:Moss, William A. (1995). 2515:Little Giant Encyclopedia 1163:is worth −10 points, and 443:Culbertson's rules (1950) 329:high. If three play, the 213:The game is often called 202:or "black lady". It is a 168: 157: 40: 35: 3172:Twenty-five (Spoil Five) 2703:; Westall, B.C. (1939). 2585:Foster, Robert Frederick 2573:Foster, Robert Frederick 2787:Trick-taking card games 2589:Foster's Complete Hoyle 2577:Foster's Complete Hoyle 2049:Glenn & Denton 2003 622:The player holding the 325:in their normal order, 21:Black Maria (card game) 2541:Arnold, Peter (2011). 2526:. Barnes & Noble. 2524:The Book of Card Games 2522:Arnold, Peter (1995). 1575:appear by themselves. 1391: 319:Anglo-American pattern 298: 36:A trick-avoidance game 4082:Historical card games 3679:(except where stated) 2806:(except where stated) 2749:The Big Book of Rules 2669:. New York: Sterling. 1378: 315:standard 52-card deck 296: 254:hearts suggests. The 23:. For the album, see 2739:Hoyle Standard Games 2667:10-Minute Card Games 2597:Gibson, Walter Brown 1502:spades and hearts). 1114:of 100 is the loser. 807:, can break Hearts. 106:52 cards (4 players) 4139:American card games 3836:Officers' Schafkopf 2543:Chambers Card Games 2139:, pp. 349–356. 2116:, pp. 189/190. 2028:, pp. 244–245. 1631:action of creating 1126:A game produced by 920:Cancellation hearts 914:Cancellation hearts 759:The player holding 140:10 minutes per hand 32: 4032:Swiss German packs 3716:Bohemian Schneider 3663:Württemberg Tarock 2567:. Greystone Press. 2565:Culbertson's Hoyle 1392: 620:Alternative rules: 299: 161: • 25:Black Lady (album) 4111: 4110: 3924:Wendish Schafkopf 3871:Russian Schnapsen 3680: 3596: 3335: 3208: 2807: 2728:978-0-486-28100-1 2248:"Rule Variations" 1800:Shooting the moon 1190:Regional variants 1045:black jack hearts 845:Shooting the moon 653:shooting the moon 606:Alternative rule: 594:Alternative rule: 537:shooting the moon 271:Microsoft Windows 223:black lady hearts 177: 176: 63:Alternative names 4146: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4073: 3760:German Schafkopf 3676: 3594: 3333: 3206: 3045:Norseman's knock 2803: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2757: 2752: 2743: 2732: 2708: 2701:Phillips, Hubert 2696: 2684: 2670: 2661: 2642: 2623: 2619:978-07621-0431-4 2604: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2556: 2552:978-0550-10179-2 2537: 2518: 2501: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2471: 2465: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2411: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2381:on 12 April 2007 2375:"Complex Hearts" 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2254:on 24 March 2012 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2140: 2134: 2117: 2111: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2029: 2023: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1966: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1083: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1061:Richard Garfield 1041: 1040: 1037: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1007: 1006: 1003: 996: 995: 992: 985: 984: 981: 965: 964: 961: 954: 953: 950: 943: 942: 939: 869:shooting the sun 805: 804: 801: 790: 789: 786: 779: 778: 775: 768: 767: 764: 745: 744: 741: 734: 733: 730: 723: 722: 719: 642: 641: 638: 631: 630: 627: 590: 589: 586: 579: 578: 575: 568: 567: 564: 557: 556: 553: 506: 505: 502: 495: 494: 491: 484: 483: 480: 473: 472: 469: 434: 426: 392: 391: 388: 338: 337: 334: 275:Microsoft Hearts 273:under the name " 172: 45: 33: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4062: 4026: 3943: 3743:Dreierschnapsen 3721:Bohemian Watten 3693:Bauernschnapsen 3678: 3675: 3667: 3608:Bavarian Tarock 3586: 3437:Klaberjass/Bela 3332: 3324: 3205: 3197: 2997:Knock-out whist 2805: 2802: 2794: 2784: 2746: 2735: 2729: 2715:(1 June 1994). 2711: 2699: 2693: 2673: 2664: 2658: 2645: 2639: 2626: 2620: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2561:Culbertson, Ely 2559: 2553: 2540: 2534: 2521: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2394: 2384: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2297:Culbertson 1950 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2273:Culbertson 1950 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2213:Spadaccini 2005 2211: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2143: 2135: 2120: 2112: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2032: 2026:Culbertson 1950 2024: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1980: 1976: 1970:Hubert Phillips 1967: 1963: 1958: 1941: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1579:Bleeding spades 1572: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1538: 1537: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1373: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1192: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128:Parker Brothers 1107: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1053: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1004: 1001: 1000: 993: 990: 989: 982: 979: 978: 974: 962: 959: 958: 951: 948: 947: 940: 937: 936: 931: 922: 916: 908: 897: 847: 802: 799: 798: 787: 784: 783: 776: 773: 772: 765: 762: 761: 753: 742: 739: 738: 731: 728: 727: 720: 717: 716: 675: 670: 661: 639: 636: 635: 628: 625: 624: 615: 587: 584: 583: 576: 573: 572: 565: 562: 561: 554: 551: 550: 545: 532: 523: 514: 503: 500: 499: 492: 489: 488: 481: 478: 477: 470: 467: 466: 461: 445: 432: 424: 404: 389: 386: 385: 381: 335: 332: 331: 311: 291: 283: 247: 219:American hearts 204:trick-avoidance 200:queen of spades 182:is an American 121:Rank (high→low) 75:Trick-avoidance 48: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4116: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3683: 3681: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3552:Tausendundeins 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3477:Officers' Skat 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3362:Bauernheinrich 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3016: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2917: 2915:Call-ace whist 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2855: 2853:Auction bridge 2850: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2808: 2796: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2744: 2733: 2727: 2709: 2697: 2691: 2675:Parlett, David 2671: 2662: 2656: 2643: 2637: 2624: 2618: 2605: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2551: 2538: 2532: 2519: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2488: 2466: 2452: 2428: 2406: 2401:Complex Hearts 2392: 2366: 2364:, p. 195. 2354: 2352:, p. 356. 2342: 2330: 2313: 2301: 2299:, p. 245. 2289: 2287:, p. 141. 2277: 2275:, p. 244. 2265: 2239: 2217: 2200: 2198:, p. 164. 2188: 2186:, p. 163. 2176: 2164: 2141: 2118: 2103: 2101:, p. 356. 2091: 2077: 2065: 2053: 2030: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1987: 1974: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1909: 1906: 1801: 1798: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1498: 1495: 1396: 1393: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1304: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1121: 1118:Danger hearts. 1115: 1112:absolute value 1065:complex number 1057:Complex hearts 1052: 1051:Other variants 1049: 1029: 1026: 973: 970: 930: 929:Omnibus hearts 927: 918:Main article: 915: 912: 907: 904: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 865: 862: 858: 846: 843: 842: 841: 838:Booster nines. 835: 831: 830: 829: 826: 823: 820: 814: 813: 812: 793: 752: 749: 712: 711: 707: 704: 701: 698: 694: 691: 674: 671: 669: 666: 660: 657: 614: 611: 544: 541: 531: 528: 522: 519: 513: 510: 460: 457: 449:Ely Culbertson 444: 441: 403: 400: 380: 377: 310: 307: 290: 287: 282: 279: 246: 243: 208:Ely Culbertson 196:discard hearts 175: 174: 166: 165: 155: 154: 150: 149: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 47:The black lady 46: 38: 37: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4151: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4124:Reverse games 4122: 4121: 4119: 4101: 4092: 4083: 4077: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4052:Hindersi-Jass 4049: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3934:Unteransetzen 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3861:Rosbiratschka 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3811:Lusti-Kartl'n 3809: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3542:Slobberhannes 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3457:Letzter Stich 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3250:Catch the ten 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3119:(Danish) (20) 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3002:Konter a Matt 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2750: 2745: 2742:. A. Whitman. 2741: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2692:1-85051-221-3 2688: 2683: 2682: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2657:0-451-20484-0 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2638:1-889752-06-1 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2533:1-56619-950-6 2529: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2340:, p. 61. 2339: 2334: 2331: 2328:, p. 86. 2327: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2160:Morehead 2001 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2075:, p. 65. 2074: 2069: 2066: 2063:, p. 89. 2062: 2057: 2054: 2051:, p. 93. 2050: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2001: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1965: 1962: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1923: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1892: 1881: 1870: 1859: 1848: 1837: 1826: 1815: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1784: 1773: 1762: 1751: 1740: 1729: 1718: 1707: 1696: 1685: 1674: 1663: 1652: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1615: 1604: 1593: 1578: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1554: 1542: 1534: 1523: 1512: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1481: 1470: 1459: 1448: 1437: 1394: 1389: 1377: 1370: 1364: 1353: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1323: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1291: 1280: 1269: 1258: 1247: 1236: 1225: 1214: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1173: 1162: 1151: 1140: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1105: 1094: 1082: 1077: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1008: 997: 986: 971: 969: 966: 955: 944: 928: 926: 921: 913: 911: 905: 903: 900: 894: 889: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 866: 863: 859: 856: 855: 854: 851: 844: 839: 836: 832: 827: 824: 821: 818: 817: 815: 809: 808: 806: 794: 791: 780: 769: 758: 757: 756: 750: 748: 746: 735: 724: 708: 705: 702: 699: 695: 692: 688: 687: 686: 683: 681: 673:Passing cards 672: 667: 665: 658: 656: 654: 650: 645: 643: 632: 621: 612: 610: 607: 601: 599: 595: 591: 580: 569: 558: 543:Preliminaries 542: 540: 538: 529: 527: 520: 518: 511: 509: 507: 496: 485: 474: 459:Preliminaries 458: 456: 454: 450: 440: 438: 430: 422: 418: 413: 409: 401: 399: 397: 393: 378: 376: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 328: 324: 320: 316: 309:Preliminaries 308: 306: 304: 295: 288: 286: 280: 278: 276: 272: 267: 264: 259: 257: 252: 244: 242: 240: 236: 232: 231:slippery Anne 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 167: 164: 160: 156: 153:Related games 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 113: 109: 105: 101: 98: 94: 93:Card counting 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58: 57:United States 55: 51: 44: 39: 34: 26: 22: 4103:}} 4097:{{ 4094:}} 4088:{{ 4085:}} 4079:{{ 4048:Schieberjass 3987:Calabresella 3687:Bauernfangen 3673:German packs 3629:Haferltarock 3603:Bauerntarock 3592:German packs 3572:Twenty-eight 3527:Siebenschräm 3330:French packs 3290:Six-bid solo 3203:French packs 3177:Two-ten-jack 3167:Turkish King 2967:German whist 2962:French whist 2800:French packs 2748: 2738: 2717: 2713:Sackson, Sid 2704: 2680: 2666: 2647: 2628: 2609: 2603:. Doubleday. 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2542: 2523: 2514: 2497:Leekha Rules 2496: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2469: 2461:Royal Hearts 2460: 2455: 2443:. Retrieved 2431: 2419:. Retrieved 2417:. Arcatm.com 2409: 2400: 2395: 2383:. Retrieved 2379:the original 2369: 2362:Seymour 1958 2357: 2345: 2333: 2304: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2256:. Retrieved 2252:the original 2242: 2230:. Retrieved 2228:. Arcatm.com 2220: 2191: 2179: 2172:Parlett 1987 2167: 2094: 2086:Rickety Kate 2085: 2080: 2073:Sackson 1994 2068: 2056: 1990: 1982: 1977: 1964: 1911: 1803: 1582: 1573: 1500: 1398: 1340: 1336: 1310: 1306: 1195: 1174:negates the 1124:Royal hearts 1123: 1117: 1056: 1044: 1031: 975: 932: 923: 909: 901: 898: 868: 852: 848: 837: 754: 713: 684: 676: 662: 652: 648: 646: 619: 616: 605: 602: 597: 593: 546: 536: 533: 524: 515: 462: 446: 433:26 − 14 = 12 429:did not hold 428: 421:per opponent 420: 405: 382: 362: 312: 300: 284: 268: 260: 251:R. F. Foster 248: 235:rickety Kate 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 212: 195: 188:hearts group 179: 178: 148:Low–moderate 137:Playing time 84:3–7 (4 best) 4134:Round games 4058:Kaiserspiel 4012:Truc y Flou 3939:Zehnerlegen 3821:Matzlfangen 3765:German Solo 3352:Bassadewitz 3285:Scharwenzel 3123:Skærvindsel 3112:Sixty-three 3092:Ristikontra 3040:Ninety-nine 2957:Forty-fives 2942:Court piece 2885:Black Maria 2350:Foster 1920 2326:Gibson 1971 2309:Arnold 2011 2285:Arnold 1995 2196:Kansil 1999 2184:Kansil 1999 2137:Foster 1909 2099:Foster 1909 1796:'s points. 1292:= +100 and 1095:= −10, and 680:Black Maria 604:the right. 425:3 × 14 = 42 369:eldest hand 303:R.F. Foster 239:black Maria 227:black widow 163:Black Maria 4118:Categories 3909:Trischettn 3790:Kein Stich 3731:Doppelkopf 3646:Mulatschak 3577:Zwanzig ab 3522:Sheepshead 3507:Préférence 3295:Svängknack 3275:Marjapussi 3265:Hindersche 3139:Spoil Five 2982:Hucklebuck 2880:Black lady 2508:Literature 2002:References 1983:Heartsette 1908:Teaming up 1640:combatants 1063:using the 1028:Black jack 751:Trick play 668:Variations 352:. Players 180:Black lady 31:Black lady 4002:Tressette 3972:Botifarra 3914:Wallachen 3898:Sixty-six 3882:Schnapsen 3877:Schafkopf 3851:Ramscheln 3841:Quodlibet 3826:Mauscheln 3775:Grasobern 3657:Schnalzen 3651:Perlaggen 3517:Schwimmen 3502:Preferans 3447:Klaverjas 3427:Herzblatt 3422:Fünf dazu 3377:Bierlachs 3357:Bauerchen 3144:Stýrivolt 3025:Lanterloo 2987:Kachufool 2869:Bid whist 2848:All fours 2338:Moss 1995 1956:Footnotes 972:Pink lady 394:) in the 184:card game 132:Clockwise 4076:Category 3982:Briscola 3904:Sticheln 3726:Bolachen 3699:Bierkopf 3677:32 cards 3619:Brusbart 3595:36 cards 3497:Polignac 3482:Oma Skat 3472:Mistigri 3467:Marjolet 3442:Klammern 3382:Brandeln 3334:32 cards 3315:Viersche 3305:Tarabish 3280:Rutersju 3207:36 cards 3107:Sheng ji 3097:Rödskägg 3076:Polskpas 3060:Pinochle 3035:Napoleon 3019:Knüffeln 3014:Köpknack 2972:Gong Zhu 2947:Cucumber 2804:52 cards 2751:. Plume. 2677:(1987). 2599:(1971). 2587:(1920). 2575:(1909). 2563:(1950). 2481:24 April 2445:24 April 2421:24 April 2385:24 April 2258:24 April 2232:24 April 1950:Polignac 1939:See also 1686:but not 1566:at all. 1371:Strategy 1366:penalty. 1341:talyeekh 1335:are the 1324:and the 1281:= −100, 1202:counters 1197:Gong Zhu 906:Variants 649:take-all 408:counters 373:discards 346:shuffled 256:discards 4044:Chratze 3962:Aluette 3953:Spanish 3949:Italian 3893:Sedmice 3795:Lampeln 3780:Herzeln 3711:Blattla 3705:Binokel 3640:Kratzen 3582:Zwicken 3547:Solo 66 3487:Pilotta 3462:Manille 3452:Letzter 3397:Coinche 3392:Chouine 3372:Bezique 3320:Voormsi 3310:Trekort 3192:Zwikken 3156:Tarneeb 3050:Oh hell 3030:Mizerka 2952:Femkort 2925:Clabber 1497:Passing 1395:General 1270:= −50, 1259:= −40, 1248:= −30, 1237:= −20, 1226:= −10, 895:Scoring 659:Scoring 613:Playing 521:Scoring 512:Playing 402:Scoring 379:Playing 245:History 186:of the 97:tactics 81:Players 3997:Julepe 3977:Brisca 3967:Bestia 3919:Watten 3866:Rumpel 3856:Ramsen 3846:Ramsch 3831:Mucken 3816:Mariáš 3805:Lupfen 3785:Herzla 3770:Gilten 3756:(2x24) 3754:Gaigel 3749:Elfern 3733:(2x24) 3707:(2x24) 3634:Jaggln 3613:Bieten 3567:Tuppen 3562:Toepen 3557:Tippen 3492:Piquet 3432:Kaiser 3417:Fipsen 3412:Euchre 3402:Écarté 3367:Belote 3347:Baloot 3161:Thunee 3134:Spades 3102:Shelem 3082:Priffe 3062:(2x24) 2977:Hearts 2936:Chlust 2910:Bridge 2905:Bourré 2900:Boston 2895:Bonken 2725: 2689: 2654: 2635: 2616: 2549: 2530: 1945:Hearts 1629:combat 1431: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1311:Leekha 1022:Gibson 887:moon". 834:cards. 396:tricks 358:dealer 342:deuces 215:hearts 192:hearts 159:Hearts 145:Chance 115:French 89:Skills 53:Origin 4017:Truco 3955:packs 3888:Sedma 3800:Lorum 3737:Dreeg 3624:Dobbm 3532:Sjavs 3407:Enflé 3387:Bruus 3270:Knack 3240:Bruus 3225:Bräus 3215:Agram 3187:Whist 3150:Sueca 3129:Smear 3117:Sjavs 3066:Pitch 3055:Pedro 2920:Cinch 2890:Bluke 2874:Bisca 2863:Baśka 2858:Barbu 2820:3-5-8 2814:3-2-5 2440:(PDF) 1637:enemy 1633:smoke 1605:, or 1570:Voids 1337:likha 1307:Likha 1204:are: 811:play. 697:star. 598:kitty 350:dealt 103:Cards 4040:Jass 4022:Tute 4007:Truc 3992:Gilé 3929:Ulti 3900:(24) 3884:(20) 3873:(24) 3807:(20) 3745:(20) 3739:(24) 3701:(20) 3695:(20) 3689:(20) 3659:(33) 3653:(33) 3642:(33) 3636:(33) 3615:(33) 3537:Skat 3512:Rams 3300:Tapp 3260:Frog 3255:Dapp 3245:Bura 3235:Brús 3230:Brus 3220:Bête 3194:(20) 3182:Vira 3163:(24) 3152:(40) 3146:(48) 3125:(28) 3078:(24) 3071:Phat 3021:(48) 3010:(16) 3004:(24) 2992:King 2938:(20) 2931:Clag 2927:(24) 2876:(40) 2865:(16) 2844:(24) 2842:1001 2838:(24) 2836:1000 2832:(43) 2816:(30) 2791:list 2723:ISBN 2687:ISBN 2652:ISBN 2633:ISBN 2614:ISBN 2547:ISBN 2528:ISBN 2483:2012 2447:2012 2423:2012 2387:2012 2260:2012 2234:2012 1871:and 1513:and 1438:the 1078:= 13 1009:and 581:and 497:and 453:slam 437:suit 417:deal 412:pool 365:pone 327:aces 323:rank 263:slam 261:The 229:and 129:Play 111:Deck 71:Type 3951:or 3342:304 3087:Put 3008:Kop 2830:500 2825:400 1774:or 1741:or 1708:or 1675:or 1309:or 1215:to 736:or 651:or 354:cut 317:of 281:Aim 4120:: 4050:, 4046:, 2316:^ 2203:^ 2144:^ 2121:^ 2106:^ 2033:^ 2010:^ 1860:, 1838:, 1827:, 1816:, 1594:, 1493:. 1358:10 1328:10 1296:10 1219:10 1099:10 1084:, 956:, 949:10 938:10 747:. 725:, 570:, 559:, 486:, 475:, 225:, 221:, 95:, 4054:) 4042:( 2793:) 2789:( 2779:e 2772:t 2765:v 2731:. 2695:. 2660:. 2641:. 2622:. 2555:. 2536:. 2485:. 2449:. 2425:. 2389:. 2311:. 2262:. 2236:. 2215:. 2174:. 2162:. 1985:. 1931:♠ 1928:Q 1920:♠ 1917:Q 1900:♥ 1897:A 1889:♥ 1886:A 1878:♥ 1875:J 1867:♥ 1864:Q 1856:♥ 1853:K 1845:♥ 1842:J 1834:♥ 1831:Q 1823:♥ 1820:K 1812:♥ 1809:A 1792:♠ 1789:Q 1781:♠ 1778:K 1770:♠ 1767:A 1759:♠ 1756:Q 1748:♠ 1745:K 1737:♠ 1734:A 1726:♠ 1723:Q 1715:♠ 1712:K 1704:♠ 1701:A 1693:♠ 1690:Q 1682:♠ 1679:K 1671:♠ 1668:A 1660:♠ 1657:Q 1649:♠ 1646:Q 1623:♠ 1620:Q 1612:♠ 1609:Q 1601:♠ 1598:K 1590:♠ 1587:A 1562:♥ 1559:A 1551:♥ 1548:A 1539:♠ 1531:♠ 1528:Q 1520:♠ 1517:K 1509:♠ 1506:A 1489:♠ 1486:Q 1478:♠ 1475:A 1467:♠ 1464:A 1456:♠ 1453:A 1445:♠ 1442:A 1434:2 1428:3 1422:4 1416:5 1410:A 1404:♠ 1386:♦ 1383:J 1361:♦ 1350:♠ 1347:Q 1331:♦ 1320:♠ 1317:Q 1299:♣ 1288:♦ 1285:J 1277:♠ 1274:Q 1266:♥ 1263:A 1255:♥ 1252:K 1244:♥ 1241:Q 1233:♥ 1230:J 1222:♥ 1211:♥ 1208:5 1181:♠ 1178:Q 1170:♣ 1167:Q 1159:♦ 1156:Q 1148:♥ 1145:Q 1137:♠ 1134:Q 1108:i 1102:♣ 1091:♦ 1088:J 1081:i 1074:♠ 1071:Q 1039:♠ 1036:J 1016:♥ 1013:K 1005:♥ 1002:A 994:♠ 991:Q 983:♥ 980:Q 963:♠ 960:Q 952:♦ 941:♦ 871:. 803:♠ 800:Q 792:. 788:♣ 785:3 777:♣ 774:2 766:♣ 763:2 743:♥ 740:A 732:♠ 729:Q 721:♣ 718:2 640:♠ 637:Q 629:♣ 626:2 588:♠ 585:2 577:♣ 574:3 566:♦ 563:2 555:♣ 552:2 504:♥ 501:2 493:♠ 490:2 482:♦ 479:2 471:♣ 468:2 390:♠ 387:Q 336:♠ 333:2 173:Q 171:♠ 27:.

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