1727:"The answer to this problem is: as implied by Hume, we certainly are not justified in reasoning from an instance to the truth of the corresponding law. But to this negative result a second result, equally negative, may be added: we are justified in reasoning from a counterinstance to the falsity of the corresponding universal law (that is, of any law of which it is a counterinstance). Or in other words, from a purely logical point of view, the acceptance of one counterinstance to 'All swans are white' implies the falsity of the law 'All swans are white' – that law, that is, whose counterinstance we accepted. Induction is logically invalid; but refutation or falsification is a logically valid way of arguing from a single counterinstance to – or, rather, against – the corresponding law.This shows that I continue to agree with Hume's negative logical result; but I extend it.This logical situation is completely independent of any question of whether we would, in practice, accept a single counterinstance – for example, a solitary black swan – in refutation of a so far highly successful law. I do not suggest that we would necessarily be so easily satisfied; we might well suspect that the black specimen before us was not a swan."
1693:"For example, a man who had seen a great many white swans might argue, by our principle, that on the data it was probable that all swans were white, and this might be a perfectly sound argument. The argument is not disproved by the fact that some swans are black, because a thing may very well happen in spite of the fact that some data render it improbable. In the case of the swans, a man might know that colour is a very variable characteristic in many species of animals, and that, therefore, an induction as to colour is peculiarly liable to error. But this knowledge would be a fresh datum, by no means proving that the probability relatively to our previous data had been wrongly estimated. The fact, therefore, that things often fail to fulfill our expectations is no evidence that our expectations will not probably be fulfilled in a given case or a given class of cases. Thus our inductive principle is at any rate not capable of being disproved by an appeal to experience. The inductive principle, however, is equally incapable of being proved by an appeal to experience."
439:. The Wembley Ware range typified the spirit of post-war buoyancy in Western Australia during the 1950s, with art ceramics specifically for a local market using emblems of local Westralian identity. The majority of the works were decorative rather than functional to escape high taxes on purely decorative ceramics at this time and exploited highly coloured glazes and overtly Australian content in their designs. The majority of Wembley Ware was created with an apparent intended purpose such as vases, ashtrays or lamps, but these were usually superfluous to the designs. Some of the most sought-after and eccentric designs included the open-mouthed
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160:. Instead of returning the baby to the water, he wanted to take the bunyip back to the camp to boast of his fishing prowess, against the urging of his friends. Before he could do anything, the angry mother bunyip rose from the water, flooding swirling water around them, and took back her baby. As the water receded, the men found that they had been changed into black swans. As punishment for the fisherman's vanity, they never regained their human form, but could be heard at night talking in human voices as a reminder to their human relatives of the perils of pride and arrogance.
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1679:(1843) cited the example of "all swans are white" as a case of incorrect induction based on genuine experiences with erroneous conclusions. "As there were black swans, though civilized people had existed for three thousand years on the earth without meeting with them...The uniform experience, therefore, of the inhabitants of the known world, agreeing in a common result, without one known instance of deviation from that result, is not always sufficient to establish a general conclusion."
865:(held in Perth) stamp issue bearing the Arms of the City of Perth with black swan supporters and charge, a 1963 commemorative of Canberra's founding featuring the city's arms, with black swan supporter, and the 1990 series of rare colonial stamps that included a reproduction of the colonial 4d Blue Inverted Swan. The black swan appears in stamp issues illustrating the Australian Arms (as one of the charges on the shield) in 1948, 1951, 1975 and 1999; and in a 1981
33:
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1326:. During the 1920s and 1930s, an influx of players from Western Australia led to the team becoming known as the "swans" within the VFL. In 1982, South Melbourne transferred to Sydney, dropping its old place name but retaining its nickname as the Sydney Swans. The swan, however, is no longer a black swan but a white swan, derived from existing red and white colours of South Melbourne and the lake-bound white swans of
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1236:. The name "Black Swan" probably refers to the aquatic characteristics of black swans such as buoyancy and a graceful style, even though the shipwreck record suggests the hope in the name association was not always well founded. There are five records for the more generic "Swan" between 1836 and 1934: one in Tasmania, and two each in Victoria and New South Wales, including torpedo-boat destroyer
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of the bird, and its sole representation in the symbology of the league refers to the largely unresearched phenomenon of late 19th-mid 20th century migration between
Western Australia and Victoria – now borne by a club that has emigrated to New South Wales. It is an ironic transformation in the symbolism of a bird that was for so long thought to be non-migratory.
149:, or crystal stone, to transform the men. After the raid, eaglehawks attacked the white swans and tore feathers from the birds. Crows who were enemies of the eaglehawks came to the aid of the brothers and gave the black swans their own black feathers. The black swan's red beak is said to be the blood of the attacked brothers, which stayed there forever.
176:("a rare bird in the lands, and very like a black swan"). He meant something whose rarity would compare with that of a black swan, or in other words, as a black swan was not thought to exist, neither did the supposed characteristics of the "rare bird" with which it was being compared. The phrase passed into several European languages as a popular
941:. He included a black swan on a shield for Western Australia, 56 years before the state was granted a coat of arms of a similar design. The Sydney Hospital fountain and the Commonwealth Bank façade are two uncommon examples of the use of the black swan in decorative arts in eastern Australia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
407:, but an image of the black swan. The design of the stamp underwent several modifications over the next 48 years, until 1902, when the last design was produced, although the swan stamps continued in use until 1913, when Australian stamps superseded the colonial/state issues. The most famous of the series was the four-penny Blue
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While the
European encounter with the black swan along Australia's west coast in the late 17th and early 18th centuries led to the shattering of an age-old metaphor, their contact on the east coast in the late 18th and early 19th centuries merely confirmed the new post-proverbial view, before turning
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on the east coast, wrote in 1789 that "A black swan, which species, though proverbially rare in other parts of the world, is here by no means uncommon ... a very noble bird, larger than the common swan, and equally beautiful in form ... its wings were edged with white: the bill was tinged with red."
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This is an apparently rare example of
Western Australian swan symbolism being transferred eastward, then transformed to symbolise something else, retaining only an echo of its formerly symbolic values. None of the current AFL teams have taken a black swan emblem in allusion to any natural qualities
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The final line recalls an old
English saying: "All his swans are turned to geese", meaning all his expectations end in nothing; all his boasting ends in smoke, like a person who fancies he sees a swan on a river but finds it to be only a goose. The phrase is sometimes reversed (as Moore has done):
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was marked with an issue featuring the anniversary logo, a stylised black swan. A 1991 series of waterbirds included a 43-cent stamp showing a pair of black swans nesting with cygnets. This is the only philatelic recognition of the black swan's cultural values in eastern
Australia as an emblem of
723:. The large estuaries of the south-west of the state are strongly associated with black swans. There are six records for the more generic shipwreck name "Swan" between 1869 and 1972 on the north-west and west coasts, three times more than any other state, as well as the destroyer escort
853:, featuring a black swan taken from one of the colonial stamp designs, marked the state's centenary. In 1954, the centenary of the first Western Australian stamp was marked by a commemorative issue in a similar style to the original one-penny Black Swan. In 1979, the state's
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Perth was ancient ... And it was a very special city, cut off from other cities by sea and desert, so that there was not another city for two thousand miles. Among all
Australian cities it had proved itself the most special, by a romantic act called the
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Images of the black swan played only a minor role in the development of
Australian decorative arts between the 1890s and World War One. This was a period when Australian flora and fauna decorative motifs were widely used for the first time. Images of
1151:. Given the broad sweep of the black swan's natural habitat, the presence of only nine distinctive place names or name clusters within that range indicates the rarity of "Black Swan" as a toponym. New Zealand also has a Black Swan Stream in the
240:
The taking of black swans to Europe in the 18th and early 19th centuries brought the birds into contact with another aspect of
European mythology: the attribution of sinister relationships between the devil and black-coloured animals, such as a
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The transfer of postage-stamp production from the states to the
Commonwealth in 1913 has resulted in four issues being produced featuring a black swan design, three commemorating a Western Australian anniversary. In 1929, a stamp designed by
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produced in 1855, in which the central image was printed upside down. The stamp is now an acknowledged philatelic rarity, with only fifteen known to have survived. Stamp issues in all of the other
British colonies in Australasia, such as
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designs (with some variations contrasting the swan depicted in the colours of the state emblem in reverse – as yellow on a black background and others with a yellow outline). The 1978 variation of the WA jumper was used one-off by the
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released a song entitled "Giant Swan", in which a giant swan is used as a metaphor for society and war, until it is renamed in the lyric, "It's gonna sting like a raw sunrise when the Black Swan's gone."
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The more generic toponym "Swan", invariably referring to black swans, has at least 34 examples in Western Australia, almost entirely in the state's south-west. These range from rural locations, such as
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With one-third of Australia's continental coastline within Western Australia, the cultural associations reflected in the scattering of shipwrecks named "Black Swan" is surprisingly small. A lone
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and palm leaves feature prominently in the work of Lucien Henry, but the only known example of his work with a black swan is in a design for a fountain. A fountain in the central courtyard of
180:, including English, in which the first four Latin words ("a rare bird in the land") are often used ironically. For some 1,500 years, the black swan existed in the European imagination as a
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The names of two Australian rules football clubs illustrate a contemporary variation of the ways in which cultural references to the black swan have changed and been transformed over time.
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Religious authorities have also used representations of the black swan in their heraldic emblems. Of the two largest denominations in the state, there are the Anglican dioceses of
518:
Jack looked out at the road, but was much more enchanted by the full, soft river of heavenly blue water, on whose surface he looked eagerly for the black swans. He didn't see any.
413:
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and often chased away or killed by superstitious folk. This may explain why black swans have never established a sizeable presence as feral animals in Europe or North America.
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Cinderella State, he thought, feeling indignant. That was the reason for the Secession. Because they had ignored his poor Cinderella State, all one million square miles of it.
210:. The sighting was significant in Europe, where "all swans are white" had long been used as a standard example of a well-known truth. In 1726, two birds were captured near
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includes a black swan as the principal charge on the shield. A black swan on a gold plate or disk has been the official badge of the state since 1876, and is shown on the
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Plan of the island Rottenest lying off the west coast of New Holland; Black Swan river on New Holland opposite Rottenest island / from Vankeulen; writing by T. Harmar
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509:(1930) the protagonist commits suicide because he has no opportunity of moving to Australia, which he imagines to be an idealised paradise of graceful black swans.
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released a song entitled "Lexington", which references black swans in the lyric, "All the water in the ocean couldn't turn this swan's legs from black to white."
356:(1965, crest), and the University of Western Australia (1972, charges). The university had used an assumed version of these arms since 1913, and the university's
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The English-language place name "Black Swan" occurs as a descriptive toponym in four states, usually as a "name cluster". Queensland has a Black Swan Creek near
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1170:, on the Victorian goldfields. A clear concentration is evident in New South Wales and Tasmania. By contrast, the toponymist Reed lists only three examples:
1794:
364:(1936, charge), and the University of Western Australia residential colleges of St Thomas More (charge), Currie Hall (charge) and St Catherine's (charge).
141:
story of the black swans tells how two brothers were turned into white swans so they could help an attack party during a raid for weapons. It is said that
862:
1784:, 3 May 1927. Totemic ceremony of the black swan of the Bibbulmun group; the life story of native who was born during an initiation ceremony (AIATSIS)
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reaffirmed its assumption and use of a differenced version of the University Arms in 1991. Authorities with assumed arms showing a black swan include
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295:(1912 version) shows, in its fifth quarter, the black swan on a gold field, representing the state as one of the original states in the federation.
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The English-language place name "Black Swan" only occurs as a descriptive toponym once: the Black Swan Mine in the arid interior of the state near
818:
803:
494:"All his geese are swans", which was commonly applied to people who think too much of the beauty and talent of their children and derived from
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Explorers' journals, as a literary genre, often provide descriptions of black swans. For example, in December 1836, Lieutenant Bunbury of the
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299:
1060:– meaning "red bill", the name of the black swan). Maroochydore is from Murukutchi-dha, the place of the black swan. This name was given by
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Some 77 municipalities across eastern Australia have received grants of arms from the Crown since 1908, but only four include a black swan:
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237:, observed in 1790, "We found nine birds, that, whilst swimming, most perfectly resembled the rara avis of the ancients, a black swan."
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made the first European record of sighting a black swan in 1697, when he sailed into, and named, the Swan River on the western coast of
424:
Black swans feature as emblems and decorations on many important public buildings in Western Australia. An example is the tower of the
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Although the State Arms were granted in 1969, municipal heraldry had already been using the black swan symbolism since 1926, when the
198:, Western Australia, coloured engraving (1726), derived from an earlier drawing (now lost) from the de Vlamingh expeditions of 1696–97
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There are no "White Swan" toponyms in the state, and the toponymist Reed lists only the Swan River as a "Swan" toponym in the state.
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771:, granted in 1928, includes swans as supporters. One swan is the black Australian kind, and the other white (similar to a European
953:
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records eleven in Tasmania (the densest concentration), five in South Australia and one in Victoria, but Reed's only example is
1177:
In Sydney, there are thirteen "Swan" street names and one "Black Swan" street name, in contrast to a lone "Swan" street name in
443:
vase and black swan ashtray. A variety of swan-shaped ashtrays and vases were produced in a range of sizes, colours and glazes.
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The moral code embedded in Aboriginal lore is evident in a story from an unspecified locality in eastern Australia (probably in
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was granted arms with a black swan in the first and fourth quarters, apparently derived from the Australian Arms. In 1965, the
658:
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at sunset covered by "...immense flocks of brown ducks and teal, while the water was equally covered with swans and pelicans."
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1909:
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Victorians. The name associated the club with the place, as did its emblem of a black swan. The club has since played in the
833:
654:
618:
368:
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and Swan Pond in Victoria, and Swan Point in Tasmania (all named by explorers after sighting black swans in large numbers).
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in New South Wales has a white swan in the crest of its arms (1969), alluding to the arms of its namesake Campbell family.
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907:
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650:
551:
543:" ("a rare bird in the lands, and very like a black swan") as its subtitle. It alludes to her heroine, Letty Granville.
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lists 57 examples in New South Wales, 32 in Tasmania, 20 in Queensland, 19 in Victoria, 10 in South Australia, 5 in the
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was granted arms with a black swan as a crest, alluding to the Academy's "Australianness" and its location in Canberra.
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Another cultural association is reflected in the scattering of shipwrecks named "Black Swan". Tasmania has a wrecked
775:), said to be symbolising the Aboriginal and European people of Australia. A different version of this appear in the
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The potency of the image of the black swan as a signifier of Westralian nationalism can be seen in this passage from
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There are three grants of arms to corporations that include a black swan. In 1931, the Bank of New South Wales (now
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of Western Australia. The symbol is used in other emblems, coins, logos, mascots and in the naming of sports teams.
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events are both more common and more momentous than previously imagined. This theory has since become known as the
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1068:(Yuggera) Aboriginal men with him from whom he presumably heard the words. The local name for the swan is Kuluin.
1604:
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573:'We shouldn't have gone to Parliament House,' his mother had remarked, 'it seems to have made you political.' ...
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were granted with a black swan as a charge in the first quarter and black swan supporters. This was followed by
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unit of the state, underlying much of the name cluster. There are at least twenty "Swan" street names in the
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645:, to the iconic Swan River. The Swan River is the source of at least eight shift names, forming the largest
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318:(1959, black swan crest). Following the grant of the State Arms, municipal arms continued this tradition:
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307:
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refers to Nyungar lore of how the ancestors of the Nyungar people were once black swans who became men.
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versions of local Aboriginal-language place names referring to black swans are known. Examples include
348:
Several state authorities have also been granted arms showing a black swan: St George's College at the
2030:
Early Days in Western Australia: being the letters and journal of Lieut. H. W. Bunbury, 21st Fusiliers
42:
17:
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1128:
799:
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1123:. New South Wales has a Black Swan Anabranch adjoining a Black Swan Lagoon on the north side of the
570:
Maybe after this war there'd be another war. Western Australia against the world, Black Swan flying.
416:, featured royal portraits rather than local symbols, apart from some one-off commemorative issues.
391:
1954 Australian stamp commemorating the first Western Australian stamp which featured the black swan
270:, the sinister and seductive black swan, Odile, is contrasted with the innocent white swan, Odette.
2222:
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1510:. Its lyrics refer to an artist's fear of losing passion in their art and was praised by critics.
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reminiscent of Henry's design includes several black swans. Australian motifs were popular in the
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is the local aboriginal name for the black swan, which was found in large numbers on the lake.
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near its original home ground. The white swan is often combined with, or replaced by, a white
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521:"Oh yes! Oh, yes! You'll find em wild in their native state a little way up," said Mr Swallow.
319:
92:
69:
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The Wembley Ware range of "fancy ware" was produced between 1945 and 1961 by HL Brisbane and
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Image from a Western Australia Planning Commission document; the motto refers to black swans.
146:
64:, although the character of that importance historically diverges between the prosaic in the
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Darwin, includes Katherine & Nhulunbuy, 2004/2005 Phone Directory & Street Directory
1848:
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969:
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catalogue lists only ten fiction titles, one of which is an English-language translation of
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produced its first postage stamps in 1854, and in contrast to the usual practice within the
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77:
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32:
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cited the case of the 'black swan' in his chapter "On Induction" in his 1912 publication
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carved a "coat of arms" for each state on the pilaster capitals of the façade of the new
813:) was granted arms with a black swan supporter alluding to the Bank's acquisition of the
76:
peoples across southern Australia. Metaphoric references to black swans have appeared in
1224:
on the east coast. New South Wales has two wrecks off its northern coast: a cutter near
1091:
has adopted Aboriginal names for some parts of its hydro-electric developments, such as
111:
72:. The black swan is also of spiritual significance in the traditional histories of many
2367:
The Black Swans of Trespass: The Emergence of Modernist Painting in Australia 1918–1944
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The Black Swans of Trespass: The Emergence of Modernist Painting in Australia 1918–1944
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Durack, M., quoting Moore in 'The Governor's Ball', in Bennett, B., & Grono, W.,
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1116:
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1307:, near the industrial and railway hub of the Swan District and a large community of
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1107:, together with nearby Black Swan Island and a Black Swan Rock further south near
214:, 850 kilometres (530 mi) north of the Swan River, and taken to Batavia (now
579:'I don't know,' said his mother. 'Perhaps when Bonnie Prince Charlie comes over.'
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There are also instances of such names being newly applied today; for example,
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estuarine and riverine environments characteristic of south-eastern Australia.
126:
recorded a nyoongar man called Woolberr "last of the black swan group" of the
2110:, however see the naming of the Swan River in 1780 as the Black Swan River in
1938:
1720:
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779:. No other state or territory arms in eastern Australia include a black swan.
229:
53:
2469:
976:, takes its title from the final line of the poem "Durer: Innsbruck, 1495":
2708:
2545:
2439:
2262:
A Roll of Australian arms: corporate and personal, borne by lawful authority
1574:
1559:
1551:
1021:
1012:
The black swan is represented in the toponymy of eastern Australia. Several
887:
802:. These all indicate the presence of black swans in the municipal area. The
772:
539:, published in 1925 by Jonathan Cape in London. She uses Juvenal's phrase "
460:
266:
254:
242:
138:
1995:, Guild of Undergraduates, University of Western Australia, Crawley 1992: 6
1969:
Australian Railway Historical Society. Western Australian Division (1985),
1535:
released a song entitled "Black Swan" as a bonus track on their 2007 album
1276:
since the state debuted in 1904. The black swan symbol has featured in the
156:) published in 1943. An Aboriginal man, fishing in a lagoon, caught a baby
1757:
1577:
released a song entitled "Black Swan" on the soundtrack of the 2006 film
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1209:
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883:
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181:
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1970:
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included a song entitled "Fly With the Black Swan" on their 2007 album
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1406: in this Section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Visions of a Republic: the work of Lucien Henry, Paris, Noumea, Sydney
1541:. This song was later re-recorded and re-released on their 2011 album
1158:
The more generic toponym "Swan" invariably refers to black swans. The
2113:
938:
474:
included in his 1831 ballad "So Western Australia for Me" the lines:
157:
228:
some sixty years later and 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) away at
2239:
2018:
Stateline – Western Australia – Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1196:, anglicised from Port des Cygnes, so-named by the French explorer
130:
people of south-western Australia in the 1920s. The website of the
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Incidental philatelic illustrations of the black swan include the
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41:
31:
1780:
Bates, D.M. 'Woolberr: the last of the black swan group', in the
1756:. The book expounds Taleb's theory that rare, unexpected, highly
1322:
was established in 1874 and was one of the founding clubs in the
609:, or "black swan place", being the local Aboriginal name for the
345:– the black swan emblem occurred between the 1920s to the 1980s.
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1733:
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1272:, the symbol of the black swan has been used prominently by the
1200:
in 1793 because of the large number of swans he observed there.
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2661:. The Problems of Philosophy. London: Williams and Norgate.
1660:
released a song entitled "Black Swans" on their 1999 album
1504:
released the single "Black Swan" ahead of their 2020 album
914:
of the period, but the black swan is rarely seen among the
2457:
1900:
Morris's Dictionary of Australian Words, Names and Phrases
1645:
released a song entitled "Black Swan" on their 2000 album
695:("young swan") only occurs in three places, all along the
1135:'s arid north, there is a Black Swan Swamp just north of
2340:
An Australian sculptor : William Priestly Macintosh
2312:'Detail of Public Park Fountain', in Stephen, Ann (Ed),
2028:
Bunbury, Lt. Col. W. St Pierre and Morrell, W.P. (Eds),
873:(which is banner of the shield in the Australian Arms).
836:, have a black swan as a charge on their diocesan arms.
334:(1984, crest). All of the municipal arms granted by the
257:
in the South to be utilised in developing the colonies.
597:
The black swan is likely to be well represented in the
2070:
Lawrence, D. H., 'The Heritage', in Bennet and Grono,
488:
And our geese are all swans, as some witty folk say.
2301:
Comprehensive Colour Catalogue of Australian Stamps
2187:, Reed Books Pty Ltd., Frenchs Forest 1973: 203–204
2006:
Comprehensive Colour Catalogue of Australian Stamps
1881:, John Currey O’Neil Publishers, Adelaide 1982: 451
1745:
The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable
1675:in the chapter "Of The Ground of Induction" in his
828:Two religious authorities in eastern Victoria, the
576:'When will Western Australia be free?' he wondered.
194:'s ships, with black swans, at the entrance to the
1897:
2522:2003 Sydney & Blue Mountains Street Directory
2072:Wide Domain: Western Australian themes and images
2043:Wide Domain: Western Australian themes and images
981:In its ignorance the vision of others. I am still
1583:and, three days later, on his debut solo album,
1139:and a Black Swan Waterhole further north of the
338:have included a representation of a black swan.
2112:Harmer, T. (17..-18; graveur). Graveur (1780),
2008:, Victoria Stamp Traders, Malvern 2003: WA1-WA4
1847:(extracted from Australian Legendary Tales, by
1725:
1709:used the black swan example in his argument on
1691:
455:was the first European to travel overland from
253:to account for the black swan as just one more
2630:A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
2303:, Victoria Stamp Traders, Malvern 2003: 11–183
564:, which the other cities had stuffily ignored.
513:wrote in the 1925 short story "The Heritage":
245:. Black swans were considered to be a witch's
2316:, Powerhouse Publishing, Sydney 2001: 220–221
2195:
2193:
1891:
1889:
1887:
699:coast, where they commemorate the passage of
541:rara avis in terris, nigroque simillima cygno
8:
1864:, Dymocks Book Arcade Ltd., Sydney 1943: 131
1748:is the title of an influential 2007 book by
999:(1943), became a celebrated literary event.
485:No tithes and no taxes, we here have to pay,
174:rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cygno
80:since long before Europeans became aware of
2327:The Federation House: Australia’s own style
2135:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1554:released a song entitled "Black Swan" as a
984:The black swan of trespass on alien waters.
2342:, Kogarah Historical Society, Kogarah 2004
2161:Map Names of the State (Swan River region)
2032:, Oxford University Press, London 1930: 72
1953:– via National Library of Australia.
863:1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
790:(1980, supporter) in New South Wales, and
582:'Aww.' He grew disgusted at her flippancy.
2174:, Dept of Land Administration, Perth 1993
1466:Learn how and when to remove this message
1040:language) in the Southern Highlands, and
703:and the mutineers on the Cygnet in 1688.
2524:, 39th edition, UBD, Macquarie Park 2003
2045:, Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1979: 47
1415:"Black swan emblems and popular culture"
1280:series between 1977–1998 on the various
1188:("young swan") occasionally occurs. The
1115:; and a Black Swan Lagoon inland on the
777:flag of the Australian Capital Territory
482:Our innocent quadrupeds hop on two feet;
479:No lions or tigers are we dread to meet,
297:
2172:Streetsmart Perth 1993 Street Directory
1879:Morris’s Dictionary of Australian Words
1773:
1698:Bertrand Russell. 1912. "On Induction"
669:, Swan Estuary, Swan District, and the
27:Figurative language with the black swan
2470:"Place name detail: Black Swan Stream"
2128:
1220:and a wrecked fishing boat (1950) off
1147:has a Black Swan Island near the wild
1080:flows on its way to the sea. The name
952:occurs rarely in literary titles. The
819:Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
343:Western Australian Government Railways
115:Aboriginal hunters and black swan, by
18:Black Swan emblems and popular culture
2369:, Alternative Publishing, Sydney 1979
1928:, Colporteur Press, Balmain 1982: 200
1056:'s Sunshine Coast (Yuggera language:
7:
2596:Bruce Stannard (28 September 1983).
2458:Hydro-Electric development, Tasmania
2392:Station names – New South Wales Rail
2060:http://www.bartleby.com/81/7059.html
1404:adding citations to reliable sources
750:Drawing published in 1792. Entitled
2150:Map Names of the State's south-west
2087:, Penguin Books, Ringwood 1985: 135
1939:"Northam Puts Farm Animals In Arms"
1647:The Supernatural Parlour Collection
1592:The American alternative-rock band
1494:"The Black Swan", which is a "dark
1274:Western Australian interstate teams
403:, they featured, not a portrait of
377:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth
601:of the south-west. One example is
498:'s fable "The Eagle and the Owl".
84:in Australia in the 18th century.
25:
2691:The Logic of Scientific Discovery
2565:Heritage guernseys up for auction
2108:Map Names of the State's interior
1737:The Logic of Scientific Discovery
1716:The Logic of Scientific Discovery
649:place-name cluster in Australia:
463:, describing the mudflats of the
285:coat of arms of Western Australia
47:Coat of arms of Western Australia
1965:The History of the 'Mucky Duck'
1498:" sung by the character Monica.
1380:
1111:; another Black Swan Creek near
954:State Library of New South Wales
184:for that which could not exist.
2356:(in the German Knowledge (XXG))
1967:pp.7 – 21, issue 263, 2009/10 -
1877:, Melbourne 1898; facsimile as
1490:, named one of his most famous
1391:needs additional citations for
1313:West Australian Football League
817:in 1927. In the same year, the
752:Black Swan, native name "Mulgo"
715:was wrecked in May 1851 in the
350:University of Western Australia
218:) as proof of their existence.
2577:Sydney Swans – A Brief History
2536:, PDC Directories, Darwin 2004
2056:Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
1851:). Retrieved 10 February 2007.
1048:, all in New South Wales; and
1044:(Gundungurra language) on the
912:Federation architectural style
834:Roman Catholic Diocese of Sale
224:, soon after establishing the
1:
2085:The Merry-go-Round in the Sea
1820:Western Australian Government
1320:South Melbourne Football Club
1293:Heritage Round in July 2007.
937:headquarters on Pitt Street,
830:Anglican Diocese of Gippsland
823:Australian Academy of Science
552:The Merry-Go-Round in the Sea
314:(1953, black swan crest) and
2752:Culture of Western Australia
2598:"New port Goes Mad For Bond"
2498:Map names of New South Wales
2478:New Zealand Geographic Board
2325:Fraser, H., and Joyce., R.,
1301:Swan Districts Football Club
132:Premier of Western Australia
2586:Retrieved 10 February 2007.
2555:Retrieved 10 February 2007.
2329:, Lansdowne, The Rocks 1986
2216:National Shipwreck Database
1945:. 18 August 1953. p. 7
1632:released an album entitled
1303:was established in 1932 at
1141:old Overland Telegraph line
871:Her Majesty's personal flag
869:commemorative illustrating
397:Colony of Western Australia
107:Aboriginal history and lore
2773:
2693:, Routledge, p. 513,
2655:Russell, Bertrand (1912).
2627:Mill, John Stuart (2011).
2546:Western Australian Jumpers
1896:Morris, Edward E. (1898).
1734:"The Problem of Induction"
1700:The Problems of Philosophy
1687:The Problems of Philosophy
1641:The American ambient band
1291:Australian Football League
931:William Priestly MacIntosh
754:, it is attributed to the
529:, Lawrence's co-author of
235:Surgeon-General John White
164:European myth and metaphor
60:) is widely referenced in
2551:28 September 2007 at the
2288:A Roll of Australian arms
2275:A Roll of Australian arms
1825:27 September 2007 at the
1520:released an album called
1356:, the yacht that won the
1270:Australian rules football
1252:Australian rules football
293:coat of arms of Australia
289:flag of Western Australia
37:Flag of Western Australia
2717:The Problem of Induction
2582:1 September 2007 at the
2510:Place Names of Australia
2403:Penrith, New South Wales
2380:Place Names of Australia
2264:, Rigby, Sydney 1971: 11
2201:Place Names of Australia
2185:Place Names of Australia
1926:The World Atlas of Birds
1843:14 February 2008 at the
989:This poem, the first by
769:coat of arms of Canberra
730:, which was scuttled in
375:(1956, charge); and the
354:Fremantle Port Authority
68:and the symbolic in the
1924:Scott, Sir Peter (Ed),
815:Western Australian Bank
683:Perth metropolitan area
613:upon which the town of
330:(1981, supporters) and
95:and is depicted on the
2689:Popper, Karl (2002) ,
2445:6 October 2007 at the
2415:"Maroochy, Queensland"
1862:In Search of Australia
1741:
1704:
1265:
1190:Gazetteer of Australia
1160:Gazetteer of Australia
1095:, meaning black swan.
1070:Barwon Heads, Victoria
987:
929:In 1913, the sculptor
798:(1985, supporters) in
794:(1976, supporter) and
786:(1970, supporter) and
759:
585:
554:", published in 1965:
524:
491:
392:
341:In the history of the
303:
199:
120:
87:The black swan is the
49:
39:
2722:30 April 2019 at the
2474:New Zealand Gazetteer
2440:Baron Heads, Victoria
1754:Nassim Nicholas Taleb
1362:Newport, Rhode Island
1259:
1198:Bruni d'Entrecasteaux
1064:in 1842, who had two
978:
749:
643:Great Southern region
556:
535:also wrote the novel
515:
476:
472:George Fletcher Moore
390:
308:coat of arms of Perth
301:
190:
114:
89:official state emblem
74:Aboriginal Australian
45:
35:
2338:Earnshaw, Beverley,
1400:improve this article
1243:, scuttled in 1934.
1076:, through which the
1008:Aboriginal languages
851:George Pitt Morrison
804:City of Campbelltown
756:Port Jackson Painter
593:Aboriginal languages
373:North West Australia
362:Royal Perth Hospital
2713:Logik der Forschung
2634:. Forgotten Books.
2608:on 4 September 2007
2223:Library of Congress
2221:9 July 2009 at the
2054:Brewer, E. Cobham,
1873:Morris, E.E. (Ed),
1801:on 19 February 2014
1658:Lacrimas Profundere
1538:United Abominations
993:to be published in
717:Peel-Harvey Estuary
617:is situated in the
532:The Boy in the Bush
470:The early colonist
465:Leschenault Estuary
426:Fremantle Town Hall
371:(1956, charge) and
202:The Dutch explorer
168:The Roman satirist
2421:on 26 January 2014
1993:Annual Report 1991
1795:"Aboriginal Pages"
1656:/gothic rock band
1605:The Blood Brothers
1550:Singer-songwriter
1507:Map of the Soul: 7
1479:Gian Carlo Menotti
1358:1983 America's Cup
1332:Sydney Opera House
1266:
1184:The rarer form of
1164:Northern Territory
908:Queen Anne Revival
760:
691:The rarer form of
675:Swan Land District
639:Jebarjup Swan Lake
393:
304:
226:convict settlement
212:Dirk Hartog Island
204:Willem de Vlamingh
200:
192:Willem de Vlamingh
172:wrote in AD 82 of
121:
62:Australian culture
50:
40:
2632:(Classic Reprint)
2236:"HMS Swan (reef)"
2097:Songs of the West
1762:black swan theory
1677:A System of Logic
1668:Modern philosophy
1630:Story of the Year
1476:
1475:
1468:
1450:
1287:West Coast Eagles
1214:Prime Seal Island
1024:language) on the
935:Commonwealth Bank
920:eucalyptus leaves
855:150th anniversary
742:Eastern Australia
352:(1964, charges),
274:Western Australia
93:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
2764:
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2686:
2680:
2679:
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2652:
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2645:
2624:
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2604:. Archived from
2593:
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2486:
2484:
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1858:
1852:
1849:K Langloh Parker
1835:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1797:. Archived from
1791:
1785:
1778:
1739:
1702:
1683:Bertrand Russell
1673:John Stuart Mill
1580:A Scanner Darkly
1564:Pretty Good Year
1471:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1408:
1384:
1376:
1260:West Australian
1232:(1868) near the
1194:Cygnet, Tasmania
1099:English language
970:Humphrey McQueen
867:Queen's Birthday
625:English language
607:Nyungar language
326:(1978, charge),
322:(1971, charge),
233:A contemporary,
222:Governor Phillip
78:European culture
21:
2772:
2771:
2767:
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2765:
2763:
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2731:
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2724:Wayback Machine
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1999:
1991:
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1968:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1895:
1894:
1885:
1875:Austral English
1872:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1845:Wayback Machine
1838:The Black Swans
1836:
1832:
1827:Wayback Machine
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
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1740:
1731:
1703:
1697:
1670:
1558:on her 1994 UK
1472:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1385:
1374:
1344:
1278:State of Origin
1262:State of Origin
1254:
1249:
1206:
1149:South West Cape
1133:South Australia
1101:
1074:Lake Connewarre
1026:Talbragar River
1010:
1005:
947:
904:Sydney Hospital
896:flannel flowers
879:
877:Decorative arts
842:
765:
744:
736:artificial reef
709:
701:William Dampier
627:
595:
590:
505:'s short story
449:
422:
420:Decorative arts
414:New South Wales
385:
281:
276:
166:
154:New South Wales
109:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2757:Heraldic birds
2754:
2749:
2747:Sports mascots
2744:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2681:
2667:
2647:
2641:978-1440090820
2640:
2619:
2588:
2569:
2557:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2501:
2490:
2461:
2450:
2432:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2371:
2358:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2242:on 7 June 2007
2227:
2205:
2189:
2176:
2164:
2153:
2142:
2118:, A. Dalrymple
2100:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2047:
2034:
2021:
2010:
1997:
1985:
1975:, The Division
1956:
1943:The Daily News
1930:
1917:
1910:
1883:
1866:
1860:Hurley, P.J.,
1853:
1830:
1812:
1786:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1729:
1711:falsifiability
1695:
1669:
1666:
1635:The Black Swan
1628:American band
1617:Sonata Arctica
1522:The Black Swan
1474:
1473:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1343:
1340:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1230:paddle steamer
1205:
1202:
1153:South Auckland
1109:Shoalwater Bay
1100:
1097:
1089:Hydro Tasmania
1066:Brisbane River
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
996:Angry Penguins
986:
985:
982:
962:The Black Swan
946:
943:
898:, firewheels,
878:
875:
841:
838:
784:Lake Macquarie
764:
761:
743:
740:
734:in 1997 as an
708:
705:
626:
623:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
527:Mollie Skinner
523:
522:
519:
511:D. H. Lawrence
503:Gaito Gazdanov
490:
489:
486:
483:
480:
453:21st Fusiliers
448:
445:
433:Wunderlich Ltd
421:
418:
405:Queen Victoria
401:British Empire
384:
381:
280:
277:
275:
272:
165:
162:
108:
105:
82:Cygnus atratus
58:Cygnus atratus
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2769:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2700:3-16-148410-X
2696:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2670:
2668:9781605200255
2664:
2660:
2659:
2651:
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2643:
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2407:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:McQueen, H.,
2362:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:Die Betrogene
2348:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:Eastick, M.,
2296:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2276:
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2263:
2257:
2254:
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2035:
2031:
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2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:Eastick, M.,
2001:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1974:
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1834:
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1828:
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1599:The American
1597:
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1527:The American
1525:
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1441:
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1427:
1424:
1420:
1417: –
1416:
1412:
1411:Find sources:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1389:This Section
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1364:, was called
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:-style logo.
1333:
1329:
1325:
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1244:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:Manning River
1231:
1228:(1852) and a
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
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1156:
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1126:
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1118:
1117:Darling Downs
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Andrew Petrie
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
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1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1002:
1000:
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992:
983:
980:
979:
977:
975:
971:
967:
966:Die Betrogene
963:
960:'s 1954 work
959:
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944:
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925:
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733:
732:Geographe Bay
729:
728:
722:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
689:
686:
684:
680:
677:is the major
676:
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549:
548:Randolph Stow
544:
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442:
438:
435:/Bristile in
434:
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419:
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415:
410:
409:Inverted Swan
406:
402:
398:
389:
382:
380:
378:
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365:
363:
359:
358:student guild
355:
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145:used a large
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59:
55:
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38:
34:
30:
19:
2712:
2690:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2658:On Induction
2657:
2650:
2628:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2606:the original
2601:
2591:
2572:
2567:5 July 2007.
2560:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2504:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2453:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2409:
2398:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2240:the original
2230:
2225:Web Archives
2200:
2184:
2183:Reed, A.W.,
2179:
2171:
2167:
2156:
2145:
2120:, retrieved
2114:
2103:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2055:
2050:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2024:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1977:, retrieved
1972:The Westland
1971:
1964:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1942:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1899:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1833:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1789:
1782:Australasian
1781:
1776:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1732:Karl Popper
1726:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1643:Amber Asylum
1640:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1610:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1573:of the band
1568:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1529:thrash metal
1526:
1521:
1518:The Triffids
1512:
1505:
1500:
1485:
1477:
1462:
1456:January 2023
1453:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1410:
1398:Please help
1393:verification
1390:
1365:
1353:Australia II
1351:
1345:
1336:
1317:
1298:
1295:
1267:
1239:
1207:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1159:
1157:
1129:Corowa Shire
1125:Murray River
1102:
1086:
1081:
1078:Barwon River
1057:
1050:Maroochydore
1046:Nepean River
1011:
994:
988:
973:
968:in German).
965:
961:
949:
948:
928:
880:
860:
843:
827:
808:
781:
766:
751:
726:
710:
692:
690:
687:
671:City of Swan
646:
635:
628:
611:Wilson Inlet
602:
596:
545:
540:
536:
530:
525:
506:
500:
492:
469:
450:
430:
423:
394:
366:
347:
340:
305:
282:
265:
259:
251:
239:
220:
201:
173:
167:
151:
136:
122:
101:coat of arms
86:
81:
57:
51:
29:
2742:Black swans
2122:27 December
1979:27 December
1707:Karl Popper
1654:death metal
1652:The German
1613:power metal
1601:avant-garde
1556:bonus track
1516:rock group
1328:Albert Park
1218:Bass Strait
1212:(1830) off
1137:Roxby Downs
1113:Maryborough
1058:Muru-kutchi
1038:Gundungurra
1003:Place names
958:Thomas Mann
924:rising suns
916:kookaburras
659:Swan Valley
655:Middle Swan
588:Place names
537:Black Swans
507:Black Swans
262:Tchaikovsky
208:New Holland
124:Daisy Bates
117:Tommy McRae
2736:Categories
2674:20 January
2483:24 January
2083:Stow, R.,
1963:Rob Clark
1949:9 November
1911:0670900370
1904:. Viking.
1768:References
1721:David Hume
1662:Memorandum
1586:The Eraser
1571:Thom Yorke
1487:The Medium
1426:newspapers
1366:Black Swan
1309:expatriate
1305:Bassendean
1204:Shipwrecks
1155:district.
1082:Connewarre
1072:, is near
1054:Queensland
1014:anglicised
991:Ern Malley
950:Black Swan
945:Literature
888:sea horses
849:architect
792:Springvale
788:Queanbeyan
707:Shipwrecks
651:Upper Swan
619:South West
447:Literature
379:(charge).
369:Kalgoorlie
230:Botany Bay
196:Swan River
54:black swan
2512:: 203–204
2260:Low, C.,
1758:anomalous
1719:invoking
1638:in 2008.
1575:Radiohead
1560:CD single
1552:Tori Amos
1524:in 1989.
1481:, in his
1226:Newcastle
1172:Swan Hill
1168:St Arnaud
1105:Gladstone
1093:Catagunya
1022:Wiradjuri
972:'s book,
900:cockatoos
884:lyrebirds
840:Philately
773:mute swan
697:Kimberley
679:cadastral
667:West Swan
663:Swan View
562:Secession
461:Busselton
383:Philately
320:Fremantle
267:Swan Lake
255:curiosity
243:black cat
139:Dreamtime
119:, v. 1865
2720:Archived
2709:62448100
2580:Archived
2549:Archived
2443:Archived
2219:Archived
2131:citation
2058:, 1898.
1841:Archived
1823:Archived
1752:thinker
1750:Lebanese
1730:—
1696:—
1611:Finnish
1544:Thirteen
1533:Megadeth
1282:guernsey
1264:guernsey
1210:schooner
1145:Tasmania
1034:Tharawal
892:waratahs
832:and the
800:Victoria
763:Heraldry
721:Mandurah
631:Laverton
603:Kurrabup
599:toponymy
457:Pinjarra
328:Melville
324:Gosnells
279:Heraldry
247:familiar
182:metaphor
143:Wurrunna
2602:The Age
2425:10 June
2246:21 June
1805:21 June
1594:Chiodos
1569:Singer
1496:lullaby
1440:scholar
1342:Sailing
1324:VFL/AFL
1289:in the
1222:Swansea
1216:in the
1127:in the
1121:Warwick
1030:Berrima
1018:Dunedoo
811:Westpac
641:in the
615:Denmark
605:in the
441:dhufish
437:Subiaco
332:Subiaco
316:Bunbury
312:Northam
291:. The
216:Jakarta
178:proverb
170:Juvenal
147:gubbera
128:Nyungar
2707:
2697:
2665:
2638:
2612:15 May
2508:Reed,
2378:Reed,
2199:Reed,
1908:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1348:tender
1186:Cygnet
1179:Darwin
1042:Mulgoa
939:Sydney
713:cutter
693:Cygnet
673:. The
158:bunyip
2715:1934
2286:Low,
2273:Low,
1615:band
1603:band
1531:band
1514:Perth
1492:arias
1483:opera
1447:JSTOR
1433:books
1372:Music
1247:Sport
1238:HMAS
1131:. In
1119:near
847:Perth
725:HMAS
719:near
496:Aesop
336:Crown
2705:OCLC
2695:ISBN
2676:2016
2663:ISBN
2636:ISBN
2614:2007
2485:2009
2427:2019
2382:: 86
2248:2007
2203:: 76
2137:link
2124:2013
2074:: 63
1981:2013
1951:2022
1906:ISBN
1807:2007
1622:Unia
1419:news
1346:The
1318:The
1299:The
1240:Swan
922:and
796:Sale
767:The
727:Swan
647:swan
550:'s "
395:The
283:The
137:The
99:and
97:flag
70:west
66:east
52:The
2290:: 5
2277:: 6
1713:in
1689:.
1566:".
1502:BTS
1402:by
1360:at
1350:to
1268:In
1052:on
1036:or
910:or
501:In
459:to
264:'s
260:In
91:of
2738::
2703:,
2600:.
2476:.
2472:.
2208:^
2192:^
2133:}}
2129:{{
1941:.
1886:^
1764:.
1723:.
1664:.
1649:.
1625:.
1589:.
1547:.
1368:.
1315:.
1181:.
1143:.
1028:,
926:.
918:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
738:.
685:.
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
633:.
621:.
428:.
2678:.
2644:.
2616:.
2487:.
2429:.
2250:.
2139:)
1914:.
1809:.
1562:"
1469:)
1463:(
1458:)
1454:(
1444:·
1437:·
1430:·
1423:·
1396:.
1032:(
1020:(
964:(
758:.
56:(
20:)
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