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42:
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106:
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appearance although the males are slightly larger. Black-crowned night-herons do not fit the typical body form of the heron family. They are relatively stocky with shorter bills, legs, and necks than their more familiar cousins, the egrets and "day" herons. Their resting posture is normally somewhat hunched but when hunting they extend their necks and look more like other wading birds.
924:
717:. Black-crowned night-heron may have bred in the far wetter and wider landscape of pre-modern Britain. They were certainly imported for the table so the bone specimens themselves do not prove they were part of the British avifauna. In modern times the black-crowned night-heron is a vagrant and feral breeding colonies were established at
557:
Adults have a black crown and back with the remainder of the body white or grey, red eyes, and short yellow legs. They have pale grey wings and white under parts. Two or three long white plumes, erected in greeting and courtship displays, extend from the back of the head. The sexes are similar in
561:
Immature birds have dull grey-brown plumage on their heads, wings, and backs, with numerous pale spots. Their underparts are paler and streaked with brown. The young birds have orange eyes and duller yellowish-green legs. They are very noisy birds in their nesting colonies, with calls that are
822:. They are among the seven heron species observed to engage in bait fishing; luring or distracting fish by tossing edible or inedible buoyant objects into water within their striking range – a rare example of tool use among birds. During the day they rest in trees or bushes.
725:
in
Norfolk, where there were 8 pairs in 2003 but breeding was not repeated in 2004 or 2005. A pair of adults were seen with two recently fledged juveniles in Somerset in 2017, which is the first proven breeding record of wild black-crowned night-herons in Great Britain.
61:
1164:
Historiae animalium liber III qui est de auium natura. Adiecti sunt ab initio indices alphabetici decem super nominibus auium in totidem linguis diuersis: & ante illos enumeratio auium eo ordiné quo in hoc volumine
1107:
A Synoptical
Catalogue of British Birds; intended to identify the species mentioned by different names in several catalogues already extant. Forming a book of reference to Observations on British ornithology
860:(10% prevalence). The mean number of helminth species recorded per host individual reached 1.41. In Ukraine, other helminth species are often found in black-crowned night-herons too, namely
651:). The North American population winters in Mexico, the southern United States, Central America, and the West Indies, and the Old World birds winter in tropical Africa and southern Asia.
954:
1542:
674:
and throughout the city's downtown area, as well as their resilience to the urban environment and displacement efforts, have led to them being named
Oakland's official city bird.
60:
969:
1862:
905:
1971:
1927:
838:
A thorough study performed by J. Sitko and P. Heneberg in the Czech
Republic in 1962–2013 suggested that the central European black-crowned night-herons host 8
2113:
1371:
1232:
935:
2153:
2059:
1813:
655:
1875:
1502:
Sitko, J.; Heneberg, P. (2015). "Composition, structure and pattern of helminth assemblages associated with central
European herons (Ardeidae)".
1361:
Holling M. and the Rare
Breeding Birds Panel (2007) Non-native breeding birds in the United Kingdom 2003, 2004 and 2005 British Birds 100 638–649
640:
on platforms of sticks in a group of trees, or on the ground in protected locations such as islands or reedbeds. Three to eight eggs are laid.
1346:
1190:
1180:
2143:
1966:
1553:
1298:
1836:
1761:
1087:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2138:
2072:
2005:
1338:
1459:
Ruxton, Graeme D.; Hansell, Michael H. (1 January 2011). "Fishing with a Bait or Lure: A Brief Review of the
Cognitive Issues".
742:
These birds stand still at the water's edge and wait to ambush prey, mainly at night or early morning. They primarily eat small
1774:
1263:
344:
221:
1880:
1914:
1841:
1101:
376:
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1639:
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425:(Linnaeus, 1758) – Eurasia south to Africa and Madagascar and east to east Asia, Philippines and Indonesian Archipelago
2133:
1699:
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50:
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105:
1792:
1124:
1932:
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868:
850:
1940:
442:
2090:
874:
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311:
found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South
America. In
2148:
432:
1945:
1686:
1592:
1032:
2128:
1992:
1704:
893:
713:, which has now been shown to refer to the black-crowned night-heron, derived from the medieval French
482:
200:
1059:
2077:
734:
2010:
1828:
1668:
1650:
1468:
1409:
942:
404:
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1206:
1128:
667:
528:
518:
336:
316:
70:
1906:
1441:
1090:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. pp. 142–143.
538:
502:
265:
100:
1997:
549:
41:
1867:
1979:
1893:
1722:
1655:
1519:
1484:
1404:
1342:
1294:
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for more than a century. The birds also prominently live year-round in the shores around the
1984:
1511:
1476:
1433:
1054:
659:
629:
460:
324:
1691:
923:
231:
2118:
1953:
349:
1036:
17:
1577:
1472:
2023:
1800:
1787:
1207:"Black-crowned Night-Heron Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
1158:
779:
644:
492:
408:
157:
2107:
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1081:
1045:
718:
683:
452:
384:
363:
340:
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85:
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for a "bird of ill omen", perhaps an owl. The word was used by the Swiss naturalist
2050:
1727:
1237:
687:
671:
468:
358:
1085:
1779:
1714:
1515:
59:
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in the northernmost part of its range, but otherwise resident (even in the cold
637:
312:
1132:
2018:
1233:"Smithsonian's mystery of the black-crowned night-herons solved by satellites"
827:
763:
694:
415:
371:
177:
1615:
1488:
1748:
775:
751:
702:
698:
648:
613:
400:
117:
1766:
1523:
682:
There are two archaeological specimens of the black-crowned night-heron in
2044:
1609:
1314:
W.R.P. Bourne (2003). "Fred Stubbs, Egrets, Brewes and climatic change".
991:
839:
819:
767:
137:
1678:
411:
in 1555 and then by subsequent authors for a black-crowned night-heron.
2085:
2064:
1818:
1663:
1445:
1424:
Riehl, Christina (2001). "Black-Crowned Night-Heron Fishes with Bait".
995:
815:
807:
612:
breeds in North and South
America from Canada as far south as northern
605:
304:
705:' price lists as the Brewe, a bird which was thought to have been the
1958:
976:
961:
915:
795:
791:
783:
755:
127:
1854:
1586:
1437:
1264:"Oakland Has Its First Official Bird Thanks to These Dedicated Kids"
1753:
1740:
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811:
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733:
617:
548:
354:
308:
167:
946:
799:
771:
743:
147:
1590:
636:
in Europe, Asia and Africa. Black-crowned night-herons nest in
803:
435:, 1789) – south Canada to north Argentina and Chile; Hawaii
1426:
Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology
1133:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
826:
is more gregarious outside the breeding season than the
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
399:
meaning "raven". The word was used by authors such as
375:
that was introduced in 1817 by the English naturalist
654:
A colony of the herons has regularly summered at the
353:. He placed it with herons, cranes and egrets in the
2034:
1599:
1405:"Nycticorax nycticorax (Black-crowned night-heron)"
1060:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697211A155515762.en
471:similar to its name in many other languages, like
1168:(in Latin). Zurich: Froschauer. pp. 602–603.
1110:. London: Nichols, son, and Bentley. p. 59.
522:
512:
1842:black-crowned-night-heron-nycticorax-nycticorax
496:
1583:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1541:Blasco-Zumeta, Javier; Heinze, Gerd-Michael.
1372:"Night-Herons breed in Somerset - a UK first"
608:throughout much of the world. The subspecies
604:The breeding habitat is fresh and salt-water
532:
506:
8:
1182:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1333:R.W. Forrester; I.J. Andrews, eds. (2007).
842:species. The dominant species consisted of
486:
476:
1587:
230:
79:
57:
40:
31:
1572:Black-crowned Night-Heron Species Account
1185:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 277.
1058:
1024:
889:
738:Juvenile in an "upright" threat display
721:from 1950 into the 21st century and at
445:, 1855) – Chile and southwest Argentina
1550:Identification Atlas of Aragon's Birds
697:'s late medieval victualling yards in
589:: 25.6–35.8 oz (726–1,015 g)
315:it is replaced by the closely related
1139:. International Ornithologists' Union
1119:
1117:
595:: 45.3–46.5 in (115–118 cm)
7:
2091:EB3EC73C-7018-455B-8982-5372927B245A
1806:717e472f-eac9-4463-9e57-49e9a39f99cb
1258:
1256:
2114:IUCN Red List least concern species
1046:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
670:. Their ever presence at Oakland's
1289:D.W. Yalden; U. Albarella (2009).
845:Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus
335:The black-crowned night-heron was
25:
583:: 22.8–26 in (58–66 cm)
1481:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01848.x
1137:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
1002:
983:
968:
953:
934:
922:
904:
892:
369:. It is now placed in the genus
104:
2154:Birds of the Dominican Republic
624:in southernmost South America,
1335:The Birds of Scotland Volume 1
666:, with the largest rookery in
379:for this species. The epithet
1:
1339:Scottish Ornithologists' Club
1231:Akpan, Nsikan (12 May 2015).
693:and the more recent from the
299:, commonly shortened to just
1578:Black-crowned night-heron -
1574:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1516:10.1016/j.parint.2014.10.009
1291:The History of British Birds
2144:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1543:"Black-crowned night-heron"
1293:. Oxford University Press.
863:Echinochasmus beleocephalus
701:. It appears in the London
51:Cape May County, New Jersey
2170:
1504:Parasitology International
1179:Jobling, James A. (2010).
881:Posthodiplostomum cuticola
869:Echinochasmus ruficapensis
851:Contracaecum microcephalum
455:, 1914) – Falkland Islands
339:by the Swedish naturalist
35:Black-crowned night heron
1972:black-crowned-night-heron
1829:black-crowned-night-heron
1053:: e.T22697211A155515762.
686:. The oldest is from the
507:
497:
287:black-crowned night-heron
271:
264:
238:
229:
206:
199:
101:Scientific classification
99:
77:
68:
56:
48:
39:
34:
18:Black crowned night heron
632:, and the nominate race
562:commonly transcribed as
327:in the area of contact.
297:black-capped night-heron
2139:Birds described in 1758
875:Clinostomum complanatum
857:Opistorchis longissimus
782:, terrestrial insects,
678:Status in Great Britain
1033:BirdLife International
739:
554:
533:
523:
513:
487:
477:
253: Year-round range
2024:Nycticorax-nycticorax
1993:Paleobiology Database
1656:Nycticorax_nycticorax
1631:Nycticorax nycticorax
1601:Nycticorax nycticorax
1580:Nycticorax nycticorax
1211:www.allaboutbirds.org
1039:Nycticorax nycticorax
854:(55% prevalence) and
737:
552:
463:, the bird is called
323:), with which it has
292:Nycticorax nycticorax
259: Wintering range
210:Nycticorax nycticorax
1801:Fauna Europaea (new)
1410:Animal Diversity Web
960:juvenile in flight,
943:Arches National Park
405:Hesychius of Miletus
395:meaning "night" and
307:, is a medium-sized
247: Breeding range
1473:2011Ethol.117....1R
317:nankeen night heron
277:Linnaeus, 1758
71:Conservation status
2134:Cosmopolitan birds
1559:on 25 October 2018
1127:; Donsker, David;
848:(62% prevalence),
740:
626:N. n. falklandicus
555:
449:N. n. falklandicus
337:formally described
192:N. nycticorax
2101:
2100:
1980:Open Tree of Life
1593:Taxon identifiers
1374:. Rare Bird Alert
1348:978-0-9512139-0-2
1192:978-1-4081-2501-4
1129:Rasmussen, Pamela
975:adult in flight,
723:Great Witchingham
707:Eurasian whimbrel
664:San Francisco Bay
331:Taxonomy and name
283:
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94:
62:
16:(Redirected from
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2094:
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2036:Ardea nycticorax
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660:Washington, D.C.
634:N. n. nycticorax
630:Falkland Islands
536:
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510:
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461:Falkland Islands
423:N. n. nycticorax
418:are recognised:
367:Ardea nicticorax
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274:Ardea nycticorax
258:
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109:
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49:At a rookery in
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362:and coined the
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343:in 1758 in the
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1535:External links
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814:material, and
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643:This heron is
622:N. n. obscurus
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584:
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467:, which is an
457:
456:
446:
439:N. n. obscurus
436:
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409:Conrad Gessner
377:Thomas Forster
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321:N. caledonicus
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241:N. nycticorax
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2129:Wading birds
2035:
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1579:
1561:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
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1408:
1376:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
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1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1243:. Retrieved
1238:PBS NewsHour
1236:
1226:
1216:26 September
1214:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1181:
1174:
1163:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1136:
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1064:. Retrieved
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672:Lake Merritt
656:National Zoo
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600:Distribution
592:
586:
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574:Measurements
573:
572:
567:
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560:
556:
511:in Russian,
488:kvakoš noční
483:West Frisian
475:in English,
472:
469:onomatopoeia
464:
458:
453:Hartert, EJO
448:
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190:
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29:
1941:Neotropical
1902:NatureServe
1850:iNaturalist
1625:Wikispecies
1165:continentur
1143:28 November
1125:Gill, Frank
1102:Forster, T.
1066:12 November
1009:In flight,
764:crustaceans
711:glossy ibis
691:London Wall
545:Description
524:kowak-malam
313:Australasia
301:night-heron
2124:Nycticorax
2108:Categories
2051:Q106447617
2019:Xeno-canto
1467:(1): 1–9.
1322:: 332–339.
1019:References
776:amphibians
752:earthworms
703:poulterers
695:Royal Navy
529:Indonesian
519:Vietnamese
416:subspecies
381:nycticorax
372:Nycticorax
325:hybridized
179:Nycticorax
1489:1439-0310
1035:(2019) .
990:Eating a
834:Parasites
820:landfills
798:), small
794:(such as
766:(such as
730:Behaviour
699:Greenwich
649:Patagonia
645:migratory
614:Argentina
503:Ukrainian
443:Bonaparte
401:Aristotle
239:Range of
186:Species:
124:Kingdom:
118:Eukaryota
2045:Wikidata
1907:2.104974
1894:22697211
1868:10453361
1692:22697211
1687:BirdLife
1676:BioLib:
1610:Wikidata
1524:25449288
1461:Ethology
1378:2 August
1161:(1555).
1104:(1817).
1084:(1758).
992:goldfish
941:Wading,
840:helminth
790:, small
774:, other
768:crayfish
715:Bihoreau
638:colonies
606:wetlands
593:Wingspan
553:At nest.
473:qua-bird
383:is from
266:Synonyms
218:Linnaeus
168:Ardeidae
164:Family:
138:Chordata
134:Phylum:
128:Animalia
114:Domain:
91:IUCN 3.1
2086:ZooBank
2078:1476323
2065:4408427
1819:2480863
1664:Avibase
1616:Q126216
1469:Bibcode
1446:1522044
1274:19 June
1268:Audubon
996:Toronto
929:Feeding
816:garbage
808:carrion
796:rodents
792:mammals
784:lizards
756:mussels
748:leeches
668:Oakland
628:in the
539:Quechua
459:In the
347:of his
305:Eurasia
174:Genus:
154:Order:
144:Class:
89: (
2119:Herons
2011:159123
1998:368423
1985:313126
1946:bcnher
1881:174832
1826:GNAB:
1775:EURING
1754:NYKTNY
1741:bcnher
1715:bcnher
1644:bcnihe
1563:1 June
1522:
1487:
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1297:
1189:
977:Cyprus
962:Cyprus
916:Tobago
788:snakes
587:Weight
581:Length
531:, and
508:кваква
433:Gmelin
393:nuktos
295:), or
257:
251:
245:
2073:WoRMS
2006:WoRMS
1863:IRMNG
1793:96640
1762:EUNIS
1736:eBird
1728:485KR
1712:BOW:
1705:10069
1557:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
1442:JSTOR
1245:2 May
1241:. PBS
1011:Nepal
812:plant
800:birds
772:frogs
760:squid
688:Roman
618:Chile
534:waqwa
493:Czech
465:quark
414:Four
397:korax
359:Ardea
355:genus
309:heron
2060:GBIF
1967:ODNR
1933:8901
1928:NCBI
1889:IUCN
1876:ITIS
1855:4981
1814:GBIF
1780:1040
1767:1162
1749:EPPO
1700:BOLD
1679:8396
1565:2018
1520:PMID
1485:ISSN
1380:2017
1343:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1276:2021
1247:2016
1218:2020
1187:ISBN
1145:2022
1068:2021
1051:2019
947:Utah
878:and
804:eggs
744:fish
616:and
564:quok
498:квак
478:kwak
403:and
285:The
222:1758
148:Aves
1915:NBN
1837:IBC
1723:CoL
1651:ADW
1640:ABA
1512:doi
1477:doi
1465:117
1434:doi
1055:doi
899:Egg
770:),
709:or
658:in
568:woc
566:or
537:in
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491:in
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