1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting

739:. Before a ruling was even made on the request, Moore held a press conference announcing he would seek a change of venue to Brooklyn, claiming it was impossible for Ferguson to receive a fair trial in a Nassau court due to a "severe underrepresentation of African-Americans on the Nassau County jury panel." Later, Moore withdrew his offer to represent Ferguson, citing conflicts he did not explain. Ferguson told a judge he questioned Falanga's integrity, disagreed with his handling of the case and had no intention of cooperating with him. Dr. Allen Reichman, a psychiatrist who interviewed Ferguson, indicated in his report that Ferguson may have been feigning mental illness when he spoke of conspiracies against him. Reichman said Ferguson's assertions were "vague and somewhat evasive," in contrast to the normally detailed and highly focused nature of systematized paranoid delusional thinking. On January 5, 1994, a report by a court-appointed psychologist and psychiatrist concluded Ferguson was suffering from 344:, Ferguson drew the gun, dropped several cartridges on the ground, stood up, and opened fire at random. During the next three minutes, he killed six people and injured another nineteen. Some passengers mistook the gunshots for caps or fireworks until a woman shouted, "He's got a gun! He's shooting people!" Ferguson walked east (forward) on the train, pulling the trigger steadily about every half second. Several passengers tried to hide beneath their seats, while others fled to the eastern end of the train and tried to enter the next car. Ferguson walked down the aisle of the train and shot people to his right and left as he passed each seat, briefly facing each victim before firing. An article in 375:

three-seat row with his head towards the window and legs towards the aisle. While he was pinned, Ferguson said, "Oh God, what did I do? What did I do? I deserve whatever I get." He also repeatedly pleaded with those holding him, "Don't shoot me. I'm sorry, I'm sorry." Five to six people continued to hold him pinned for several minutes while they awaited relief. Andrew Roderick, an off-duty LIRR police officer who was picking up his wife from the train, then boarded the train and handcuffed him. Of the people who were killed, five died on the day of the shooting while the sixth died five days later. The deceased victims ranged in ages 24 to 52.

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against defending himself, but Ferguson said he intended to do so anyway. Kuby said of the decision, "What we will have now is a complete circus. A crazy man cannot defend himself. Mr. Ferguson, evidence to the contrary, believes he is not guilty and that someone else killed all those people aboard the train." Kuby continued, "Without a psychiatric defense, Ferguson has no defense. There was no doubt that he was there, that he fired the weapon, that he would have fired it more had he not been wrestled to the ground. There is no doubt that Colin Ferguson, if sane, was guilty."

850:. Kuby said the notes carried by Ferguson on the day of his arrest demonstrated that Ferguson was motivated by rage during the shootings. Donald E. Belfi, the Nassau County Judge assigned to the Ferguson case, criticized Kunstler for speaking to the media about the proposed defense before it had been examined by a mental health professional. Belfi said "Mr. Kunstler may have many talents, but until he receives his medical degree with a specialty in psychiatry, these types of conclusions should best be left for medical experts and the triers of the facts." 42: 893:

letters that he was not insane, and rejected Kunstler's and Kuby's "black rage" defense. Although George Peck argued the letters proved Ferguson was able to understand the charges against him and was actively participating in his defense, Kuby argued the letters only further demonstrated Ferguson's confused state of mind. On November 11, Ferguson agreed he would stop resisting efforts to meet with a court-appointed psychiatrist. As a result, Judge Belfi agreed to hold a third hearing as to whether Ferguson was mentally competent to stand trial.

1012: 818:, a death penalty supporter, meant Ferguson would be executed if found guilty. Ferguson's lawyers claimed prison guards showed him the headlines of newspaper stories about Pataki and claimed Ferguson was "headed for electrocution sometime soon." Ferguson was deeply troubled by the claims, despite assurances from his attorneys that the death penalty could only be imposed in crimes committed after a capital punishment bill became law. Ferguson was not reassured until after a judge told him the same thing, at the request of Kunstler. 875:

from the Nassau County Jail said to him, "You realize someone else, in fact, was actually responsible for the shooting." When asked if Ferguson understood the role of the prosecuting attorney, Ferguson replied; "to perpetrate injustices against me". Kunstler and Kuby argued Ferguson's behavior was indicative of his mental imbalance, but Belfi refused the lawyers' request to reconsider his competence, citing the original psychiatric report that concluded Ferguson was able to understand the charges against him and was "

605:, which qualified him for permanent U.S. residence. The couple moved to a house on Long Island where they often fought, sometimes to the point that police intervention was required. On May 18, 1988, she obtained an uncontested divorce from Ferguson, claiming that the marriage ended because they had "differing social views". Acquaintances said that she left Ferguson because he was "too aggressive or antagonistic" for her, and that the divorce was a "crushing blow" to Ferguson. 1099:

train to the school with plans of shooting people out of revenge for his past experiences there, although the train Ferguson took was not the closest one to Adelphi. Most of the regular commuters who used the 5:33 Hicksville local returned to the train the day after the shootings. In interviews with the media, a number of passengers cited the need to face their fears and the psychological trauma created by the incident, rather than avoid riding their regular train.

636:. Ferguson interrupted the professor by shouting, "We should be talking about the revolution in South Africa and how to get rid of the white people" and, "Kill everybody white!" Students and teachers tried to quiet him, but he started threatening them, repeatedly saying, "The black revolution will get you." He was suspended from the school in June 1991 as a result of the threats. Although he was free to reapply after the suspension, he chose not to. 871:

opposed to God. On August 12, 1994, Kunstler and Kuby asked Judge Belfi to reconsider Ferguson's competence to stand trial, claiming he was growing more delusional, paranoid and obsessive by the day, and that he was too mentally unbalanced for them to mount any kind of defense. George Peck, the prosecutor in Ferguson's trial, insisted Ferguson's apparent lack of cooperation with his lawyers was a defense tactic to avoid a trial.

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warning when Ferguson was attacked. Kuby, who said he had been warned of the attack by another inmate, stated "the word was out. Everyone in the institution knew he was going to be set up." Kuby called the attack racially motivated, and later alleged some jail officials and guards had advance knowledge of the impending assault. Five inmates were charged with second-degree assault for their connection in the attack.

1052:. Carolyn McCarthy filed a $ 36 million damage lawsuit against the two entities, claiming they failed to provide adequate protection for passengers and should have installed metal detectors and used undercover police officers. The suit sought $ 1 million for Dennis McCarthy's pain and suffering, $ 10 million for his death and for damages to survivors, and $ 25 million for injuries to Kevin McCarthy. 993: 686:. The calls prompted the lawyers to start locking their inner office doors out of fear. Ferguson tried to have his workers' compensation claim reopened by the New York State Workers' Compensation Board, which reexamined the case due to his persistence, but it was ultimately rejected. The board placed him on a list of potentially dangerous people whom security guards were to watch for. 1154: 419:." They also included the names and telephone numbers of the Lt. Governor, the Attorney General, and the Manhattan law firm that Ferguson had previously threatened, whom he referred to as "those corrupt 'black' attorneys who not only refuse to help me but tried to steal my car". The notes indicated Ferguson planned to wait to start the killings until he was beyond the 655:," his landlord Patrick Denis recounted. "He felt like, 'I'm such a great person. There must be only one thing holding me back. It must be white people.'" In 1992, Ferguson's ex-wife filed a complaint with police alleging that he pried open the trunk of her car. Prior to the shooting, she had not seen him since the divorce. 776:, law partners known for representing unpopular clients, announced they had accepted a request by Ferguson to handle his case. Kunstler, who said he would not collect a fee for the defense, said Ferguson had been made out to be a "pariah" by the media and public. In April 1994, District Attorney Dillon sought a 1088:

During a press conference in the days after the shooting, the Long Island Rail Road Police Benevolent Association called the trains "unsafe" and said the railroad needed to triple the size of its 216-person police force. LIRR officials responded by noting that the rate of crime against passengers had

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Ferguson was convicted on February 17, 1995, of murder of the six passengers who died of their injuries. He was also convicted of attempted murder for wounding nineteen passengers. He received 315 years and eight months to life, meaning his current earliest possible parole date is August 6, 2309. The

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in the case. The indictment included two counts of murder for each slain victim, both for intentional murder and for depraved indifference to human life. It also included 19 counts of attempted murder, 34 counts of assault, criminal possession of a weapon, intent to use the weapon, violation of civil

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editorial called for stronger gun control laws in response to the murders, specifically citing the ease with which Ferguson obtained a handgun in California, which had one of the country's stricter gun laws. Several Adelphi University students expressed concern that Ferguson may have been taking the

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His cross-examination questions mostly started with "is it your testimony..." and would simply force the witness to repeat testimony already given. When a witness refused to answer the question to his satisfaction, he would often ask the judge to "admonish the witness to answer the question." During

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man press a chip into Ferguson's head prior to the attack. According to Diaz, the Asian man told him to behold what he was about to do prior to pushing the button. "He was lasered out by a remote-control device," Diaz told reporters outside the courtroom. "He was zapped, just like that, right out of

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despite the objections of their client. Ferguson continued to claim he was not involved in the shootings and proposed defending himself during the trial. In the following months, Ferguson sent Judge Belfi several letters regarding disputes between Ferguson, Kunstler and Kuby. Ferguson claimed in the

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in an attempt to create an impression" that he was mentally imbalanced and unable to cooperate with his attorney. When Belfi ended the proceeding, Ferguson tried to continue talking. After he was placed into handcuffs by guards, Ferguson shouted "they have made it too tight," collapsed to the floor,

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On August 20, 1994, Ferguson appeared before Belfi and rejected his lawyer's efforts to have him declared mentally unfit to stand trial. Ferguson spoke in a long and rambling manner, occasionally ignoring Belfi when the judge tried to interrupt him. Ferguson claimed a police officer who escorted him

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would require Ferguson's lawyers to prove he suffers from a mental disease or defect and, as a result, could not tell whether his actions were right or wrong. At the time, lawyers and mental health experts said such a defense would be difficult because Ferguson appeared to have carefully planned the

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during the shooting. While he was reloading his third magazine, somebody yelled, "Grab him!" Passengers Michael O'Connor, Kevin Blum, and Mark McEntee tackled him and pinned him to one of the train's seats. Several other passengers ran forward to grab his arms and legs and helped to pin him across a

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Ferguson originally sought to question himself on the witness stand, but ultimately did not do so. He told the judge and media that he intended to call a number of witnesses who would prove his innocence, including a ballistic expert, a handwriting expert and two regular eyewitnesses, but they were

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on April 23, claiming the impact of inflammatory statements already made by lawyers, politicians and police would fade in the months before the trial began. However, Belfi warned attorneys from both sides to follow a State Court professional disciplinary rule which already limited their comments to

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bullets used by Ferguson. The cartridges carry hollow-tipped bullets that expand upon impact, increasing the severity of wounds. One month before the LIRR shooting, Winchester Ammunition announced they were voluntarily withdrawing the Black Talon cartridges from the market. McCarthy's suit failed,

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On March 23, 1994, while returning to his cell from the medical unit, Ferguson was attacked in jail by a group of inmates. Ferguson suffered a broken nose and a swollen left eye. Prison officials had been notified by Kuby that an assault was imminent, and were in the process of following up on the

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about "some apocryphal-type doom scenario" which included black people rising up and striking down "their pompous rulers and oppressors." Ferguson started taking five showers a day and could be heard by neighbors repeatedly chanting at night "all the black people killing all the white people." His

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for $ 400 after waiting the fifteen-day period required under California's gun laws. He presented himself as a California resident by providing a driver's license that he received two months earlier, which had an address of the Long Beach motel where he stayed. He had been robbed by two men, so he

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in Garden City, where he majored in business administration. He spoke out against coexistence with whites, routinely made calls for retributive revolution, and regularly accused others around him of racism. On one occasion, he complained that a white woman in the library shouted racial epithets at

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that would set up a national uniform licensing system for gun buyers. Clinton cited the Ferguson murders as a factor in his support of the program, which would include background checks, tests and required renewals every two years. About one week after the shooting, Clinton visited with O'Connor,

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Other passengers farther away in the train did not realize that a shooting had occurred until after the train stopped, as a crowd of panicked passengers fled from the third car into neighboring cars. One man appeared annoyed by their unruliness and said, "Be calm," before they forced a train door

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Ferguson argued that the 93 counts he was charged with were related to the year 1993, and had it been 1925 he would have been charged with only 25 counts. He admitted bringing the gun onto the train, but claimed he fell asleep and another man grabbed his gun and began firing. He also argued of a

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Shortly after his incarceration began, Ferguson complained about his treatment, claiming correction officers attacked him with milk crates and a fire extinguisher, while depriving him of necessities like soap and antiperspirant spray. Ferguson said: "Of course, there is no sympathy for me in the

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law firm for a consultation, and attorney Lauren Abramson said that she immediately felt uncomfortable and threatened by him. She asked a law clerk to sit in on the meeting because she did not want to be alone with Ferguson, which she had never done before. Ferguson was neatly dressed during the

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in Garden City, during a service attended by the victims' grieving families. Audrey Warren released a statement shortly after the shootings expressing sorrow for the victims and their families. Jackson stressed the shootings were the result of one man and should not be seen as indicative of all

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Ferguson started to claim he was not involved in the Long Island Rail Road shootings at all, and repeatedly refused to meet with a psychiatrist chosen by Kunstler and Kuby. Ferguson told the attorneys he was receiving messages straight from God, and spoke of conspiracies to destroy him by those

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for all lawyers involved in the case, arguing Kunstler and Kuby had made statements to the media that might be inadmissible during the trial and could influence potential jurors. Kunstler and Kuby argued they would have no problem finding 12 unbiased jurors and claimed Ferguson had already been

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In September 1992, Ferguson was awarded $ 26,250 for his workers' compensation claim against Ademco Security Group. In April 1993, he insisted that he was still in pain and demanded that the case be reopened so that he could get more money for medical treatment. In the following weeks, Ferguson

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On December 10, 1994, Judge Belfi ruled Ferguson was competent to stand trial. Belfi said he based his decision in part on his conversations with Ferguson in the courtroom, including Ferguson's concern over Governor Pataki's promise to sign a death-penalty bill. Belfi strongly advised Ferguson

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consultation, but he acted strangely and identified himself by a false name before providing his real name. Months later, he made threatening calls to members of the firm, claiming that they were discriminating against him. In one of the calls, he made reference to a massacre which occurred in

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Police detectives later said it appeared Ferguson had been planning the shooting for more than a week. LIRR police chief Joseph Flynn said, "This was the work of a deranged, maniacal person who for a variety of reasons decided to explode." None of Ferguson's victims were Black, although it was

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called Ferguson a "selfish, self-righteous coward." He also used the sentencing as an opportunity to criticize New York's controversial Sentencing Cap Law, which would have capped each of Ferguson's sentences at 50 years and required that they all be served concurrently had no one died in the

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shoot me." Legal experts pointed out that Ferguson's questions were pointless and were not geared towards rebutting testimony. By not recognizing when to object to testimony and closing arguments, he lost his right to appeal on those grounds. Among the defense witnesses Ferguson requested was

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In February 1992, Ferguson was arrested and charged with harassing a woman on a subway. The woman tried to sit in a vacant seat alongside Ferguson and asked him to move over, prompting him to scream at her and press his leg and elbow against her until police officers pinned him to the ground.

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institution. When I suffered and screamed I was told that it was a good sign by the prison guards because they were hoping for my swift departure from life." Later, Ron Kuby argued Ferguson had been a frequent target of harassment at the Nassau County jail, and requested that the

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as he sat in the back of a police car, which some passengers said was as shocking and disturbing as the violence of the shooting itself. Upon seeing Ferguson, one of the victims became hysterical and shouted, "How can he be sitting there so calm after everything he did?"

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and Herbert Daughtry urged that African-Americans in general not be blamed for the crime; Sharpton, in particular, criticized what he called attempts "to demonize black and Hispanic dissatisfaction" by linking those groups to the murders. Civil rights activist

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In April 1993, Ferguson moved to California in search of new career opportunities. He unsuccessfully applied for several jobs, including at a car wash where the manager laughed at him. Ferguson purchased a Ruger P89 9×19mm pistol at a Turner's Outdoorsman in

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placed more officers on trains and increased the visibility of police in response to the shootings. LIRR officials also made counselors available for passengers who wanted one, and sent senior railroad officials out to trains to answer riders' questions. A

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against Ferguson, which carried the possibility of up to 175 years in prison. Nassau County District Attorney Denis Dillon said of the sentence maximum; "it's not quite infinity, but it will do." Dillon also announced he would not agree to any

867:). Grier and Cobbs argue that black people living in a racist, white supremacist society are psychologically damaged by the effects of racist oppression. They argue that this damage causes black people to act abnormally in certain situations. 734:

On December 18, 1993 Ferguson asked a judge to let him replace Falanga with Colin A. Moore, a Brooklyn-based attorney with a reputation for pursuing allegations of racism in the criminal-justice system. Moore offered to represent Ferguson

3118: 612:. He slipped and fell on August 18, 1989, while standing on a stool to reach invoices from a filing cabinet, injuring his head, neck, and back, and the injury led to his termination. Ferguson filed a complaint with the state 977:

massacre, since all of the felonies he committed on the train were part of one occurrence. After his conviction, Ferguson was put in the position to argue in appellate briefs that he had incompetent counsel (himself).

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him after he asked her about a class assignment, but an investigation concluded that the incident never occurred. Later, he attended a symposium by a faculty member discussing her experiences in South Africa under

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was informed of the shooting, but he decided against opening the train doors right away because two of the cars were not yet at the platform. An announcement was made ordering conductors not to open the doors, but

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and had to be dragged from the courtroom. Denis Dillon suggested Kunstler was trying to create "such a bizarre situation" that the court would reverse its earlier ruling regarding Ferguson's competence.

3111: 731:, particularly based on Ferguson's history of irrational racism allegations and claims that whites were discriminating against him. Ferguson was placed on suicide watch in the Nassau County Jail. 3650: 564:, on January 14, 1958 to Von Herman and May Ferguson. Von Herman was a wealthy pharmacist and the managing director of the large pharmaceutical company Hercules Agencies, and was described by 624:, where he made the dean's list three times. Also that year, he was forced to leave a class after a disciplinary hearing board found that he had acted overly aggressive towards the teacher. 3660: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3104: 727:

attacks, and because he said, "oh God, what did I do" after he was stopped. However, media outlets and legal experts at the time speculated a defense could argue Ferguson suffered from

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and a uniform gun licensing law. During his monthly radio call-in show, Governor Mario Cuomo called the Ferguson shootings "a dramatic, spectacular slaughter", and called for stronger

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called Ferguson "an animal." Jackson and other African-American leaders criticized the comment as racially charged, but Gulotta later said his statement had nothing to do with race.

1260:, declared "I did not shoot them, they shot me" and asked witnesses questions about shooting him while they were on the stand, then ducking when they pointed to him as the killer. 1025:— whose husband Dennis McCarthy was killed by Ferguson, and whose son Kevin McCarthy was severely injured — was subsequently elected to the United States Congress on a platform of 2767: 392:

Police found pieces of notebook paper in Ferguson's pockets with scribbled notes with the heading "reasons for this". One of the notes referred to "racism by Caucasians and

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Anthony J. Falanga was appointed Ferguson's attorney on December 11, 1993. Falanga called for his client to receive a psychiatric evaluation. Under New York state law, an

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mysterious man named Mr. Su, who had information concerning a conspiracy against him. He found another man who was willing to testify that the government had implanted a

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landlord became increasingly concerned about Ferguson's obsession with racism and apparent growing mental instability, and asked him to move out by the end of the month.

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started carrying the gun with him in a paper bag. Ferguson moved back to New York in May 1993 because, as he told a friend, he did not like competing with immigrants and

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Von Herman was killed in a car crash in 1978 when Ferguson was aged 20, and his funeral was attended by government and military luminaries. Ferguson's mother died from

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soon afterwards, and the deaths destroyed the family's fortunes. Family friends said that this deeply disturbed Ferguson. He moved to the United States in 1982 on a

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said the Ferguson case demonstrated the need for capital punishment in New York State because "that is the only fitting punishment for this cold-blooded killer".

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Ferguson's trial proved to be bizarre, as he cross-examined the police officers that arrested him and victims he shot. It was broadcast live by local media and

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Blum and McEntee. During his first major speech since his election as mayor, Giuliani cited the Ferguson murders while he repeated his previous calls for the

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immigrants. Neighbors said that he dressed very neatly but kept to himself and rarely smiled or spoke to anybody, except occasionally to say hello. "He had

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called Ferguson's actions "as methodical as if he were taking tickets." Ferguson said, "I'm going to get you," over and over as he walked down the aisle.

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expressed concern that the LIRR shooting would lead to a backlash of violence and racial animosities against the black community. Civil rights activists

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by a psychiatric condition they termed "black rage". Kunstler and Kuby argued Ferguson had been driven insane by racial prejudice and could not be held

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afraid to come forward and take the stand. Ultimately, he did not call any of the witnesses. He also told Judge Belfi of an alleged conspiracy by the

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A 2002 book by trial consultant Mark C. Bardwell and criminal justice professor Bruce A. Arrigo examined the competency issues in the Ferguson case.

1033:, voted against an assault weapons bill. Some of Ferguson's other victims and their family members have also become involved in gun control efforts. 3640: 3620: 3476: 1697: 3655: 3529: 1484: 1218: 1126: 765:

rights of each of the 25 victims and "intent to harass, annoy, threaten and alarm" the victims "because of their race, color or national origin."

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judge said, "Colin Ferguson will never return to society, and will spend the rest of his natural life in prison." At the sentencing, Judge

811: 315: 2927: 2214: 1510: 3560: 3494: 3399: 3242: 3127: 800: 3482: 2600: 2518: 2490: 2183: 1362: 287: 1204: 400:", a reference to his February 1992 arrest. Ferguson's notes expressed anger towards the New York State Workers' Compensation Board, 3600: 3148: 3084: 2639: 2335: 1237: 1113:

took notice of the LIRR shooting, calling it a "terrible human tragedy". The day after the shooting, Clinton announced he had asked

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At least a half-dozen lawsuits related to the shootings were filed against the Long Island Rail Road and its parent company, the

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Thomas Silhan climbed out the window of his cab and opened each door from the outside so that panicked passengers could escape.

3441: 3429: 3376: 3353: 3219: 3160: 670: 514: 204: 3517: 3301: 3283: 3183: 2899: 2064: 1114: 1107: 333: 3289: 942:, particularly asking the victims of the shooting, "did you see Colin Ferguson..." to which the witness would reply, "I saw 274:

Ferguson's trial was noted for a number of unusual developments, including him dismissing his defense counsel, insisting on

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and questioning his victims on the stand. He was convicted in February 1995 on six counts of murder and nineteen counts of

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in Red Hills Road, Kingston, from 1969 to 1974, where the principal described him as a "well-rounded student" who played

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partly because New York State law placed no responsibility on manufacturers for the criminal misuse of their products.

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Negroes". They included a reference to "the false allegations against me by the filthy Caucasian racist female on the

220: 3271: 3043: 2125:"New Jersey's New Governor; Grand Jury Indicts Suspect on 93 Counts in Attack That Killed 6 on Long Island Rail Road" 1040:, the parent of Winchester Ammunition, under products liability and negligence theories for their manufacture of the 921:

in Ferguson's brain, but at the last minute decided not to call him to the stand. This individual, Raul Diaz, was a

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on December 8, 1993. He never spoke during the arraignment and did not enter a plea. He was ordered held without

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for his actions, even though he had committed the killings. The attorneys compared it to the utilization of the

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On December 7, 1993, Colin Ferguson boarded the 5:33 p.m. eastbound train at Penn Station in Manhattan,

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for jobs. His Flatbush landlord said that he appeared even more unstable upon his return, speaking in the

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Black rage was first proposed by psychologists William Henry Grier and Price Cobbs in their 1968 book,

2867: 322:, along with more than eighty other passengers. He sat on the southwestern end of the car, carrying a 3423: 2823: 2658:

McQuinston, John (February 17, 1995). "Murder trial in LIRR case goes to the jury for deliberation".

1090: 843: 405: 2990:"Death on the L.I.R.R.: The White House; Moved by Killings, Clinton Urges Action on Gun Legislation" 3096: 1252: 572: 371: 2956:"Death on the L.I.R.R.: Commuters; The Ride, a Day Later: The 5:33 Will Never Seem the Same Again" 2576: 1848:"Death on the L.I.R.R.; Adelphi Recalls a Student Driven by Rage and Suspended for Making Threats" 1705: 1623:"Death on the L.I.R.R.: The Suspect; In Notes and Past of Accused, Portrait of Boiling Resentment" 925:

from Manhattan who claimed during a press conference on the courthouse steps to have witnessed an

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Ferguson tried to escape the police and shouted, "Brothers, come help me!" He sent letters to the

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in the U.S. and that he felt frustrated because he couldn't find work outside of menial jobs.

561: 557: 502: 498: 444:. Officials there said, "He was lucid and clear and aware of what was going on." Ferguson was 441: 283: 168: 2628: 669:] and racist," and claiming that he was brutalized by the officers who arrested him. The 3016: 2988: 2954: 2926: 2898: 2866: 2827: 2707: 2599: 2517: 2489: 2458: 2430: 2397: 2393: 2362: 2334: 2303: 2275: 2244: 2213: 2182: 2150: 2123: 2063: 2035: 2000: 1969: 1941: 1910: 1878: 1846: 1780: 1739: 1652: 1621: 1566: 1485:"Death on the L.I.R.R.: The Overview; Portrait of Suspect Emerges in Shooting on L.I. Train" 1483: 1435: 1079: 1061: 1037: 1022: 996: 889: 827: 769: 736: 723: 359: 299: 279: 197: 1366: 3470: 3347: 1304: 973: 831: 782: 565: 416: 412: 810:

In November 1994, Ferguson's lawyers claimed prison guards taunted him with claims that

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to kill him in prison if he was convicted. He said the prison slaying of serial killer

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publicly attacked in the press by government and police officials. Nassau County Judge

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and other officials complaining about his arrest, describing it as "viscous [

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dropped over the past few years before the shooting. The Long Island Rail Road and

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With the possibility of parole after 150 years, but this would be at an age when

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On September 20, 1994, Kunstler and Kuby filed notice that they would pursue an

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Biddle, Frederic M. (February 16, 1995). "In Ferguson, TV gets new spectacle".

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Kunstler and Kuby proposed an innovative defense: Ferguson had been driven to

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agency, which reviewed the matter over the next several years. He enrolled at

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the course of his cross-examinations, Ferguson would refer to himself in the

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as "one of the most prominent businessmen in Jamaica". Ferguson attended the

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unclear whether any other Black passengers were aboard the train. Ferguson

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Ferguson got a job doing clerical work for the Ademco Security Group in

411:, and "so-called civil right leaders such as the Rev. Herbert Daughtry, 939: 576: 3070: 2868:"Region News Briefs: $ 36 Million Suit Filed In Shooting on L.I.R.R." 1437:"Death on the L.I.R.R.; Lawyer Seeks Sanity Inquiry In L.I. Killings" 591: 583: 307: 224: 934:" and was "commanded to go up and down the aisle shooting people." 267:, passenger Colin Ferguson began firing at other passengers with a 1010: 991: 980:

After his sentencing, Ferguson was incarcerated for a time at the

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On January 19, 1994, after three days of evidence presentation, a

1698:"CRIME: Colin Ferguson: A Mass Murderer's Journey Toward Madness" 1654:"Death on the L.I.R.R.; Suspect's Quiet Roots in Jamaica Suburb" 1278:

List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)

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Ferguson showed no remorse during hours of questioning from the

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People v. Ferguson (1998) 248 App.Div.2d 725, 670 N.Y.S.2d 327.

1943:"Man Accused in L.I.R.R. Shootings Requests a Different Lawyer" 354:

open and fled into the station. Two people were injured in the

1147: 665: 3018:"Giuliani Urges More Support For Police as Role Is Redefined" 597:

Ferguson married Audrey Warren on May 13, 1986, a native of

290:, with an earliest possible release date of August 6, 2309. 1696:

Toufexis, Anastasia; Cole, Patrick E. (December 20, 1993).

1511:"MOVING TO NEW TOWN TO ESCAPE SAD MEMORIES ENDS TRAGICALLY" 2277:"Man Held in Train Killings Is Beaten, Jail Officials Say" 2037:"Ferguson Collapses in Court After Scorning Insanity Plea" 1912:"Sadness and Hope for Family of Victims of Train Shooting" 590:. His friends speculated that he had trouble dealing with 2305:"5 Nassau Inmates Charged With Assault on Colin Ferguson" 3072:

Criminal Competency on Trial: The Case of Colin Ferguson

2928:"Rail Lines Raise Visibility Of Officers After Shooting" 2601:"Jury Finds Ferguson Guilty Of Slayings on the L.I.R.R." 2519:"Suspect in L.I.R.R. Killings Ruled Competent for Trial" 579:

and soccer. He graduated in the top third of his class.

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Accidents and incidents involving Long Island Rail Road

2215:"Hearing Held on Bid to Repress Lawyers in Murder Case" 1078:

African-Americans. The day after the shootings, Nassau

329:

and a canvas bag filled with 160 rounds of ammunition.

3044:"February 11, 1995 – Bob Newhart / Des'ree (S20 E12)" 2460:"Suspect in L.I.R.R. Slayings May Dismiss His Lawyer" 999:, wife of victim Dennis McCarthy, was elected to the 2491:"Lawyers in Rail Slayings File for Insanity Defense" 2184:"Suspect in Rail Shootings May Have Kunstler's Help" 3651:

Racially motivated violence against white Americans

3510: 3457: 3386: 3363: 3340: 3311: 3264: 3235: 3170: 3135: 2336:"No Execution For Suspect In Shootings, Judge Says" 1646: 1644: 542: 528: 520: 509: 481: 462: 216: 185: 158: 150: 142: 134: 126: 113: 97: 86: 67: 55: 34: 2674: 2627: 2567:Van Biema, David; Cohen, Adam (February 6, 1995). 2090:Ewing, Charles Patrick; McCann, Joseph T. (2006). 1873: 1871: 1869: 1120:to review a proposal by New York City Mayor-elect 2630:Inside the minds of mass murderers: why they kill 2207: 2205: 2176: 2174: 2092:Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology 1994: 1992: 1935: 1933: 1904: 1902: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 3661:Racially motivated violence in the United States 2483: 2481: 2328: 2326: 2117: 2115: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1560: 1558: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 647:. He was unemployed and lived around many other 27:Shooting in a train in Garden City, New York, US 2892: 2890: 2246:"Lawyers' Publicity Ban Eased in Rail Killings" 2065:"Judge Delays Ruling in L.I.R.R. Shooting Case" 1814:"Mineola Woman Is 6th to Die in Rail Shootings" 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 2738:. Melville, N.Y. March 23, 1995. p. A31. 2238: 2236: 50:(pictured in 2011) where the shooting occurred 3112: 2653: 2651: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 913:, going on simultaneously on the West Coast. 263:, United States. As the train arrived at the 8: 3069:Bardwell, Mark C.; Arrigo, Bruce A. (2002). 2900:"After Train Killings, Worry About Backlash" 2798:"1996 U.S. House of Representatives Results" 2424: 2422: 2420: 2269: 2267: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 310:. He boarded the third car of the eastbound 209:Third-degree criminal possession of a weapon 2979: 2977: 2829:"L.I. Widow's Story: Next Stop, Washington" 2364:"Black Rage: In Defense of a Mass Murderer" 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 3119: 3105: 3097: 2925:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (December 24, 1993). 2399:"An Insanity Defense In L.I.R.R. Massacre" 2361:Scott Gregory, Sophfronia (June 6, 1994). 2181:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (February 26, 1994). 1940:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (December 18, 1993). 1909:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (December 14, 1993). 1779:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (December 10, 1993). 1651:Pierre-Pierre, Garry (December 10, 1993). 1434:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (December 11, 1993). 470: 459: 40: 31: 3631:December 1993 crimes in the United States 2766:Pienciak, Richard T. (December 7, 2003). 2488:McQuiston, John T. (September 20, 1994). 2432:"L.I.R.R. Case Again Raises Sanity Issue" 1738:McFadden, Robert D. (December 12, 1993). 1704:. Los Angeles, California. Archived from 1565:Perez-Pena, Richard (December 13, 1993). 1238:Learn how and when to remove this message 3606:1993 mass shootings in the United States 2706:McQuiston, John T. (February 16, 1995). 2598:McQuiston, John T. (February 18, 1995). 2516:McQuiston, John T. (December 10, 1994). 2333:McQuiston, John T. (November 11, 1994). 2062:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (January 5, 1994). 2002:"Lawyer Snubs Suspect in Rail Shootings" 1999:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (January 8, 1994). 1971:"Lawyer Snubs Suspect in Rail Shootings" 1968:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (January 8, 1994). 1845:Schemo, Diana Jean (December 10, 1993). 1812:McQuiston, John T. (December 13, 1993). 1305:it is guaranteed Ferguson would be dead. 1256:comedy sketch in which he, portrayed by 2953:McQuiston, John T. (December 9, 1993). 2457:McQuiston, John T. (October 21, 1994). 2122:McQuiston, John T. (January 19, 1994). 1399:Clines, Francis X. (December 9, 1993). 1336:Schemo, Diana Jean (December 9, 1993). 1319: 1296: 803:intervene to ensure Ferguson's safety. 673:investigated and dismissed the claims. 3015:Mitchell, Alison (December 10, 1993). 2212:Rabinovitz, Jonathan (April 7, 1994). 1174:Please improve this section by adding 1001:United States House of Representatives 963:was "set up as a prelude against me." 627:In late 1990, Ferguson transferred to 3626:Deaths by firearm in New York (state) 2152:"Kunstler Accepts Rail-Shooting Case" 1187:"1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting" 1050:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 1015:A memorial to the shooting in nearby 7: 2897:Williams, Lena (December 13, 1993). 2709:"Abrupt End To Defense In Rail Case" 1620:Jones, Charisse (December 9, 1993). 3561:mass shootings in the United States 3128:Mass shootings in the United States 801:United States Department of Justice 639:In 1991, Ferguson rented a room in 35:1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting 3646:Mass shootings in New York (state) 3418:Colebrook, NH & Bloomfield, VT 2634:. Praeger Publishers. p. 51. 1543:. New York Times. December 9, 1993 743:but was competent to stand trial. 546:315 years and eight months to life 423:limit out of respect for outgoing 370:Ferguson had emptied two 15-round 288:Great Meadow Correctional Facility 286:. He is currently incarcerated at 25: 3611:1993 murders in the United States 2673:Carlin, John (February 5, 1995). 1517:. Deseret News. December 13, 1993 661:New York City Police Commissioner 2734:"Judge Decries Cap On Penalty". 2687:from the original on May 1, 2022 2676:"An indefensible case of murder" 2429:Marks, Peter (August 12, 1994). 2034:Marks, Peter (August 20, 1994). 1273:2022 New York City Subway attack 1152: 3641:Mass murder in New York (state) 3621:Crimes on Long Island, New York 2626:Ramsland, Katherine M. (2005). 2302:Marks, Peter (March 26, 1994). 2274:Marks, Peter (March 24, 1994). 2243:Hoffman, Jan (April 23, 1994). 1003:after running on a platform of 671:New York City Transit Authority 515:Mid-State Correctional Facility 205:criminal possession of a weapon 3656:Terrorism in the United States 1537:"Victims of Railroad Shooting" 1250:Ferguson was the subject of a 909:, but was overshadowed by the 221:Six consecutive life sentences 198:Attempted second-degree murder 1: 2856:119 F.3d 148 (2nd Cir. 1997). 1176:secondary or tertiary sources 1091:Metro-North Commuter Railroad 840:posttraumatic stress disorder 741:paranoid personality disorder 1075:Cathedral of the Incarnation 982:Attica Correctional Facility 884:Removal of Kunstler and Kuby 332:As the train approached the 3048:The 'One SNL a Day' project 2802:Federal Election Commission 556:Colin Ferguson was born in 476:Mugshot of Ferguson in 2003 358:of passengers. The train's 314:(LIRR) commuter train from 223:without the possibility of 154:Racism against white people 3677: 2774:. New York. Archived from 1073:delivered a sermon at the 442:District Attorney's Office 261:Garden City Park, New York 61:Garden City Park, New York 3557: 1880:"Mass Murder on the 5:33" 911:O. J. Simpson murder case 846:in other cases to negate 550: 538: 524:Audrey Warren (1986–1988) 469: 245: 39: 3601:1993 in New York (state) 1284:The Long Island Incident 618:Nassau Community College 430:and Police Commissioner 3077:Carolina Academic Press 2096:Oxford University Press 718:Early court appearances 334:Merillon Avenue station 302:, which stopped at the 265:Merillon Avenue station 251:On December 7, 1993, a 48:Merillon Avenue station 2854:McCarthy v. Olin Corp. 1163:relies excessively on 1019: 1008: 836:battered woman defense 73:; 30 years ago 2569:"A Fool for a Client" 1014: 995: 984:in upstate New York. 957:Jewish Defense League 755:handed up a 93-count 653:delusions of grandeur 614:workers' compensation 327:semi-automatic pistol 312:Long Island Rail Road 269:semi-automatic pistol 257:Long Island Rail Road 121:semi-automatic pistol 91:Long Island Rail Road 71:December 7, 1993 3471:Jefferson County, AR 3465:Craighead County, AR 3296:Garden City Park, NY 3255:Great Barrington, MA 2987:(December 9, 1993). 2826:(November 7, 1996). 1708:on January 18, 2011. 1482:(December 9, 1993). 844:child abuse syndrome 822:"Black rage" defense 790:news organizations. 276:representing himself 192:Second-degree murder 179:on remaining charges 3636:Mass murder in 1993 3406:North Hollywood, CA 2778:on October 28, 2010 1887:. December 10, 1993 1369:on October 16, 2014 1253:Saturday Night Live 1036:McCarthy also sued 573:Calabar High School 532:Von Herman Ferguson 282:, and sentenced to 3143:Quitman County, MS 3023:The New York Times 2995:The New York Times 2961:The New York Times 2933:The New York Times 2905:The New York Times 2875:. December 3, 1994 2873:The New York Times 2834:The New York Times 2804:. November 5, 1996 2714:The New York Times 2660:The New York Times 2606:The New York Times 2579:on October 7, 2010 2524:The New York Times 2496:The New York Times 2465:The New York Times 2437:The New York Times 2404:The New York Times 2396:(April 28, 1994). 2341:The New York Times 2310:The New York Times 2282:The New York Times 2251:The New York Times 2220:The New York Times 2189:The New York Times 2157:The New York Times 2130:The New York Times 2070:The New York Times 2042:The New York Times 2007:The New York Times 1976:The New York Times 1948:The New York Times 1917:The New York Times 1885:The New York Times 1853:The New York Times 1818:The New York Times 1787:The New York Times 1746:The New York Times 1659:The New York Times 1628:The New York Times 1573:The New York Times 1490:The New York Times 1442:The New York Times 1405:The New York Times 1342:The New York Times 1020: 1009: 848:criminal liability 828:temporary insanity 768:On March 1, 1994, 629:Adelphi University 599:Southampton County 347:The New York Times 255:occurred aboard a 3588: 3587: 3400:New York City, NY 3354:New York City, NY 3284:San Francisco, CA 3050:. October 3, 2019 2394:Kunstler, William 2105:978-0-19-518176-0 1248: 1247: 1240: 1222: 1062:African-Americans 1017:Mineola, New York 932:the twilight zone 832:criminally liable 610:Syosset, New York 554: 553: 386:showed no emotion 284:life imprisonment 249: 248: 59:Merillon Avenue, 16:(Redirected from 3668: 3565:1980s and before 3563:by time period ( 3442:West Paducah, KY 3290:Fayetteville, NC 3155:Jacksonville, FL 3121: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3091: 3090: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3020: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2992: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2894: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2831: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2711: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2678: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2633: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2603: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2575:. 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Knowledge (XXG)

1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting

Index