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This large sea duck is characterised by its bulky shape and large bill. The adult male is all black with a very bulbous bill which is mostly yellow. The female is a brown bird with pale cheeks, very similar to female common scoter. The adult female averages about 980 g (2.16 lb) and
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waters in winter quarters. These are tightly packed, and the birds tend to take off together; in the breeding season they are less social. It has been suggested that in coastal waters this species prefers sheltered embayments, and possibly waters that include some mixed depths.
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are laid. Each eggs weighs from 60–74 g (2.1–2.6 oz), or 8% of the females body weight. The incubation period may range from 27 to 31 days. Females brood their young extensively for about 3 weeks, after which the still flightless young must fend for themselves.
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Black scoters nest later than most other ducks in North
America. Pairs form in late winter or spring. The lined nest is built on the ground close to the sea, lakes or rivers, in woodland or
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This species can be distinguished from other scoters, apart from common scoter, by the lack of white anywhere on the drake, and the more extensive pale areas on the female.
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45 cm (18 in) in length, while the adult male is on average 1,100 g (2.4 lb) and 49 cm (19 in) in length.
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East Harbor Master Plan (Report). San Mateo County Harbor
District: Earth Metrics Inc.
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303:(also meaning "black scoter"). The species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
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The male performs a diagnostic downward head movement when stretching his wings.
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The black scoter and common scoter have diagnosably distinct vocalisations.
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Deghi, Gary; et al. (1998). Environmental Impact Report for the
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Some unusual records for San Mateo County, California. Abstract in:
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Sangster, George (2009). "Acoustic
Differences between the Scoters
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while nesting on freshwater. It forms large flocks on suitable
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while migrating or wintering on the sea-coasts, and feeds on
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598:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22732425A132662655.en
691:. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. p. 358.
485:. This species is a very rare vagrant to western
847:Black Scoter Species Account and Photo Gallery
289:, the black scoter then being referred to as
8:
622:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
410:The black scoter breeds in the far north of
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532:eggs and, more rarely, vegetation such as
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293:. Its French name, used in parts of its
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1328:IUCN Red List near threatened species
625:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
446:zones, on the coasts of the northern
267:"duck". The species name is from the
7:
1074:70bb1ff5-20c0-4bd2-b180-f03f445fe3a2
501:Female Black Scoter photographed in
391:45–48.5 mm (1.77–1.91 in)
381:42–45.5 mm (1.65–1.79 in)
584:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
285:; the two are sometimes considered
481:Some birds may over-winter on the
422:to the southeast and northwest of
361:213–233 mm (8.4–9.2 in)
331:430–550 mm (17–21.5 in)
14:
789:"Minutes of Cooper Club Meetings"
752:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
371:83–97 mm (3.3–3.8 in)
78:
573:BirdLife International (2018).
1353:Native birds of Eastern Canada
1:
524:and their larvae, especially
1110:black-scoter-melanitta-nigra
875:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
873:Black Scoter Species Account
869:at VIREO (Drexel University)
716:. New York: Knopf. p.
662:Sea Duck Information Series
1374:
867:Black scoter photo gallery
787:Littlejohn, Chase (1916).
341:950 g (2.09 lb)
879:Interactive range map of
712:The Sibley Guide to Birds
687:Godfrey, W. Earl (1966).
619:Jobling, James A (2010).
591:: e.T22732425A132662655.
351:710 mm (28 in)
320:
230:Melanitta nigra americana
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75:Scientific classification
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51:
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859:Internet Bird Collection
849:– Sea Duck Joint Venture
426:. It also occurs on the
406:Distribution and habitat
281:, it forms the subgenus
1358:Birds described in 1832
512:This species dives for
1343:Native birds of Alaska
666:Sea Duck Joint Venture
509:
321:Standard Measurements
743:Melanitta nigra nigra
500:
1069:Fauna Europaea (new)
854:"Black scoter media"
1348:Birds of North Asia
1305:Melanitta-americana
935:Melanitta americana
905:Melanitta americana
881:Melanitta americana
706:Sibley, David Allen
689:The Birds of Canada
577:Melanitta americana
458:coast south to the
249:Melanitta americana
196:Melanitta americana
45:Conservation status
886:IUCN Red List maps
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462:region and on the
291:M. nigra americana
274:Together with the
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1261:Open Tree of Life
897:Taxon identifiers
636:978-1-4081-2501-4
460:San Francisco Bay
442:farther south in
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178:M. americana
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654:"Black Scoter (
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258:Ancient Greek
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1253:black-scoter
1097:black-scoter
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830:Pillar Point
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801:(1): 38–40.
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670:. Retrieved
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434:east of the
430:side of the
420:Newfoundland
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263:"black" and
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132:Anseriformes
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1274:SeaLifeBase
1209:Neotropical
1170:NatureServe
1118:iNaturalist
929:Wikispecies
672:15 November
604:12 November
526:caddisflies
514:crustaceans
483:Great Lakes
307:Description
287:conspecific
38:Adult male
1322:Categories
1300:Xeno-canto
560:References
436:Yana River
424:Hudson Bay
297:range, is
160:Subgenus:
1333:Melanitta
534:duck weed
454:, on the
444:temperate
172:Species:
153:Melanitta
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1175:2.866837
1162:22732425
1136:11788060
1022:45510596
973:22732425
968:BirdLife
914:Wikidata
773:59519919
708:(2000).
518:molluscs
464:Atlantic
428:Siberian
416:Labrador
347:wingspan
295:Canadian
279:M. nigra
254:sea duck
222:Synonyms
204:Swainson
142:Anatidae
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1266:5560148
1214:blksco2
1201:1581554
1087:2498250
1009:blksco2
983:blksco2
955:Avibase
920:Q529048
815:1362896
629:, 246.
538:coastal
522:insects
507:Ontario
493:Ecology
456:Pacific
440:winters
283:Oidemia
206:, 1832)
165:Oidemia
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
1292:366594
1240:366594
1149:714092
1123:144220
1094:GNAB:
1043:EURING
1035:100654
948:blasco
813:
794:Condor
771:
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668:. 2003
633:
548:. 5–7
546:tundra
503:Ottawa
487:Europe
452:Canada
387:tarsus
377:culmen
337:weight
327:length
1338:Ducks
1287:WoRMS
1279:81440
1131:IRMNG
1061:96536
1048:99010
1030:EUNIS
1004:eBird
996:3Z839
980:BOW:
811:JSTOR
769:S2CID
476:China
438:. It
269:Latin
265:netta
261:melas
1248:ODNR
1235:OBIS
1196:NCBI
1157:IUCN
1144:ITIS
1082:GBIF
745:and
722:ISBN
674:2006
631:ISBN
606:2021
589:2018
550:eggs
530:fish
516:and
472:Asia
466:and
450:and
418:and
367:tail
357:wing
238:The
122:Aves
1227:790
1183:NBN
1105:IBC
1017:EoL
991:CoL
944:ABA
884:at
803:doi
761:doi
757:121
749:".
593:doi
448:USA
414:in
242:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
