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355:. The club movement for black women in the 1890s began to focus on "social and political reform" and were more secular. Black women had to face the same issues as white women during this period but were often excluded from services and help that benefited whites only. Black women were not only excluded from white clubs but also from clubs created by black men. In addition, many black women felt as though they were defying stereotypes for their community. Woman's clubs allowed black women to combat the period's stereotypes which "portrayed African American women as devoid of morality, sexually wanton and incapable of upholding marital and family responsibilities". Being a member of a woman's club also helped give black women greater
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406:(NAACP) in 1909 and were often involved in much of the organization's local work. By 1900, almost every black community had a women's club. By 1910, in proportion to population size, African-American women's clubs outpaced white women's clubs in the number of clubs created. By 1914, the NACW had fifty-thousand members and over a thousand clubs participating in the umbrella organization. Black women wanted to be visible and NACW helped them organize to improve conditions in their communities. There were also many African-American versions of the WCTU and the
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609:, helped shape their communities and the country. Many progressive ideals were pressed into action through the resources of women's clubs, including kindergartens, juvenile courts, and park conservation. Women's clubs, many with their literary backgrounds, helped promote and raise money for schools, universities and libraries. Women's clubs were often at the forefront of various civil rights issues, denouncing lynching, promoting women's rights and voting rights.
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1103:. The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in 1899 through the urging of the Chicago Woman's Club whose members felt that children should not be treated as adults by the court. Clubwomen from the Chicago Woman's Club went to court with many of the children in order to ensure they were being treated fairly. The Chicago Woman's Club also established a Protective Agency for Women and Children in 1886.
966:. In Indiana, clubwomen "secured a state laboratory of hygiene under the control of the board of health, charged with the duty of examining food and drugs and aiding in the enforcement of health laws". Other clubs, like the Plymouth Woman's Club, undertook restaurant inspections on their own when there were no laws in place to regulate sanitary conditions. Women were also involved in promoting clean and safe
302:, black women had started to come together to create organizations which looked after their community's welfare. Black women were very quick to "organize themselves for self-help". One of the first African-American women's club was the Female Benevolent Society of St. Thomas, in Philadelphia, which was started in 1793. At the time, Philadelphia had numerous black organizations. After the
92:. The clubs allowed women, who had little political standing at the time, to gain greater influence in their communities. As women gained more rights, the need for clubs to exercise political and social influence became less important. Over time, participation in women's clubs has waned in the United States. However, many clubs still continue to operate and influence their communities.
1055:. Around seventy percent of all libraries in Texas were brought into existence because of TFWC. Clubwomen in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, helped secure taxes to support their public library. Other clubs, like those in Kentucky and Tennessee, taxed club memberships to support their libraries. When libraries were threatened with elimination, clubs like the Woman's Club of Norfolk protested.
1036:" in conjunction with the state government. They were well-received and very popular in the early 1900s around the country. In Georgia, clubwomen used their traveling libraries to help combat illiteracy in both the white and black communities. In South Carolina, the traveling libraries belonged to woman's clubs, but were available to the public.
636:, to "provide hospitality and housing services to African-American visitors who were not welcomed in the segregated hotels and other businesses" in the state. Some white woman's clubs promoted desegregation early on, though these efforts were small in scope. The Chicago Woman's Club admitted a black member,
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activities for years, acting as librarians, cataloguing early collections, enlisting male leaders for public funding, and other management activities. After the public libraries were established, women’s clubs lobbied on behalf of the public libraries in state legislatures and also for funding from the
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was part of many women's club agendas in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Women's groups also influenced discussions about classroom size; the
Chicago Woman's City Club asking that there be no more than thirty children per class. Chicago clubs also helped sponsor school lunches for students. Clubwomen
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in the United States. It has adopted modern issues to tackle, such as fighting AIDS and violence against women. Many of today's women's clubs also provide cultural opportunities for their communities. Some groups continue to support their original missions, such as the Alpha Home, which provides care
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women from membership. White women's clubs ignored racial inequalities because of the controversy surrounding the issue, and even if they addressed racial inequalities, they did so "tactfully in order to gain members and support". Some white women's clubs were frankly unconcerned with issues relating
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Croly notes that women's clubs were not created to copy men's groups; instead, they were often created to give women a space to share ideas as equals; these ideas often developed into practical action. As Mary I. Wood and Anna J. H. (Mrs. Percy V.) Pennybacker described it: "Very early the club women
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Juvenile law in
Chicago also recognized children who were without legal guardians and who should be dependent on the state. By 1906, there were juvenile courts in twenty-five states. These courts were praised by contemporaries, like Mrs. John Dickinson Sherman, who wrote in 1906 of the establishment
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Many women's clubs believed that compulsory education for young people would help solve many child labor issues. In
Chicago, the Woman's City Club worked with other clubs in order to help students stay in school past age 14. The Illinois Collegiate Alumnae association helped the government draw up a
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Faculty Wives clubs began to be formed in many
American universities in the early 20th century. They were brought together through the careers of the members' spouses. The clubs were localized around their particular affiliation and geographically restricted, thus most of their clubs did not receive
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Sorosis and the GFWC saw large increases in membership in 1889 and 1890. The GFWC grew to around a million women by 1910, and to a million and a half by 1914. The creation of an umbrella organization for the many women's clubs allowed them to work together in a more coordinated fashion. However, the
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The GFWC developed a national agenda for libraries across the country. Clubwomen believed that having access to books made people's lives better. Women’s clubs helped establish many public libraries by contributing their book collections, raising money for building construction through a variety of
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Women's clubs continue their original missions of concern for the welfare of their communities. The GFWC gives out the Croly Award for excellence in journalism on topics relating to women. The GFWC also provides scholarships for women, especially those who have survived domestic violence. The NACWC
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Women's clubs hosted talks about suffrage and invited suffrage leaders to speak. After women won the right to vote, women's clubs continued in helping women exercise their rights and how to best use their votes. However, another factor in earning the right to vote was a decline in membership until
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to create a Bureau of
Vocational Supervision which could take a "personal interest in schoolchildren, working directly to place them in appropriate jobs when they left school". The Bureau also created scholarships for needy students. The Chicago Woman's Club raised $ 40,000 to create an industrial
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While there were many organizations that encouraged change around child labor, the GFWC became advocates for some of the first child labor laws. Children were hired because they were cheaper and more manageable than adults. During the early 1900s, women’s labor organizations were formed to protect
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idea that women were naturally morally superior to men. As clubs moved from self-improvement to community improvement, women's clubs in the
Western U.S. lagged somewhat behind clubs formed in more developed parts of the country. Woman's clubs in the late 1800s described themselves as attempting to
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women. These clubs allowed women to share ideas and helped them realize that their thoughts were important, and that together they could act on them. Literary women's clubs in pioneer areas gave women an outlet to explore reading and make friends. Many women’s clubs maintained book collections for
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social reform, which was reflected by many of the reforms and issues addressed by club members. According to
Maureen A. Flanagan, many women's clubs focused on the welfare of their community because of their shared experiences in tending to the well-being of home-life. Tending to the community was
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and had a forestry committee. This committee also disseminated information about conservation to the 800,000 members of the group. The GFWC later sponsored "a natural scenic area survey" of the United States in 1915 in order to discover areas that needed conservation. As women saw environmentally
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and served the same functions of community, cultural education, and service that characterized larger groups. One of the clubs' primary functions was fostering community among those affiliated with the university. The wives at Ball State
University held regular dinners for their husbands, both to
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describes how women had begun to see "their homes as the units out of which society was built", and that home life and public life were linked. Women's clubs "established the idea that women had a moral duty and responsibility to transform, define and shape public policy". Women's clubs were also
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campaigns spearheaded by Wells. Wells's anti-lynching campaign provoked the president of the
Missouri Press Association who viciously attacked black women in a letter that was widely circulated among women's clubs by Ruffin. Ruffin eventually helped bring together the NACW, using the letter as a
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African-American women promoted the arts, focusing on "celebrating
African American traditions and culture." These included African-American music, theater and dance. Clubwomen saw themselves as carrying on both art and tradition of their lives in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth
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Often, women's clubs had created their own private libraries, and from this experience wished to create community libraries for everyone to use. Many women's clubs made the creation of public libraries an important part of their mission. The Woman's Club of Bala Cynwyd was formed with the main
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By becoming involved in church or charitable groups, women were able to find companionship and a way to facilitate change in their communities. It was also one of the few ways that women were initially allowed to contribute outside of the home. Some of the earliest women-led organizations were
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Many women's clubs increased their memberships by having other members sponsor or nominate new members to the group. Clubs often organized themselves by committee, or division. Many women's clubs created and occupied their own clubhouses. Today these clubhouses have continued to be the site of
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became unwilling to discuss Dante and Browning over the teacups, at meetings of their peers in some lady's drawing room, while unsightly heaps of rubbish flanked the paths over which they had passed in their journeys thither." Women justified their movement into social reform by using the
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Women's club activities were seen by contemporaries as helping to spread art appreciation across the country. Clubwomen would often donate art to schools. Other clubs created traveling art collections and art libraries for communities. Clubs also hosted arts exhibits. The FFWC promoted
1083:. The Woman's City Club of Chicago became involved in strike resolution. The Woman's City Club also demanded that picketers be protected by policewomen. The Woman's Club of Chicago helped form the Illinois Woman's Alliance (IWA) in order to "prevent the exploitation of women in
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African-American women's clubs began to decline in the 1920s. By the 1960s, interest and membership in white women's clubs started to decline. As women had more opportunities to socialize, many clubs found their members were aging and were unable to recruit newer members.
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and The Women's Club of Forest Hills have found ways to reach out to younger residents in the community as recently as 2007 with the creation of an evening group. Some clubs have had success with creating programs that are meant to be attractive to younger women. The
741:." Women's clubs helped raise money for new college buildings. Other clubs created scholarship funds for their communities. These organizations also helped produce research showing that higher education benefited women. Women's clubs today continue to sponsor
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started the first kindergarten in the state of Texas in 1893. Women's clubs were often involved with creating schools for delinquent boys and girls. The Texas Association of Women's Clubs (TAWC) worked for several decades to create what would later become the
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Women's clubs became very active in women's suffrage. Before women had the right to vote, women's clubs needed to partner with sympathetic organizations run by men. The focus on women's suffrage began during the last half of the nineteenth century. In 1868,
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organizing. In fact, many black women created "redemptive spaces" for black immigrants from the rural south in northern cities in the United States where they repurposed abandoned buildings as "community centers, settlement houses, parks and playgrounds."
509:. By 2010, the number of women's clubs had significantly decreased across the country. This reflects a trend in all club memberships in the United States: most clubs are losing members because there is a lack of leisure time for younger people.
1154:, and helped to push the city to finally install a female jail matron in Spokane. The Chicago Woman's Club advocated for a female jail matron in 1884. In Los Angeles, clubwomen were able to influence the city to appoint female police officers.
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of the juvenile courts, "If the whole club movement of the six states in the last ten years had accomplished nothing else it would still be well worth while." Woman's clubs helped pass Juvenile court laws in Ohio, Missouri, and in Los Angeles.
1126:, granting married women their own nationality in the United States. In 1936, Congress created a provision for women who had lost their citizenship due to marriage, and were no longer married, to re-swear allegiance to the United States.
320:. Many black churches owed their existence to the dedicated work of African-American women organizing in their communities. Black women's literary clubs began to show up as early as 1831, with the Female Literary Society of Philadelphia.
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These clubs, most of which had started out as socialiterary gatherings, eventually became a source of reform for various issues in the U.S. Both African-American and white women's clubs were involved with issues surrounding education,
906:. In addition to their preservation and conservation efforts, women's clubs in the United States (especially women in the African American Club movement) pioneered environmental activism strategies that laid the foundation for later
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The Faculty Wives clubs were prominent throughout much of the 20th century. During the latter half, some of the clubs merged with other groups to form University Women's club, reflecting the change in faculty diversity and
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in 1865, black women continued to organize and often worked with churches to ensure their communities were taken care of. Many of these organizations were "so resilient that they were able to survive the twin disasters of
232:, which formed local women's "Chapter Houses". Many evolved into prominent women's clubs and the network later became a more traditional organization with dues paid to its national office, the "American Woman's Republic".
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425:(NCNW) became a dominant group in the women's club movement in African-American circles. After World War II, working class and poor black women took the place of upper-class black women in organizing communities.
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1114:, required that when a woman married, she took on the citizenship of her husband. For women to attain a civic or legal identity, such as the right to vote, they needed to have independence from their husbands'
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was an important figure in the growth of these clubs during the Progressive Era. A number of clubs, named after her, were created in large cities across the country. In Chicago, the wealthy former abolitionist
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Woman's clubs began to turn over their work to city entities and became less influential. In addition, more women began to enter the workforce during the 1960s and had less spare time to devote to club work.
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Women's clubs also looked at issues of consent. The Chicago Woman's Club, which created the Protective Agency for Women and Children, presented bills to the legislature which later passed. One raised the
80:, legal reform, environmental protection, library creation and more. Women's clubs helped start many initiatives such as kindergartens and juvenile court systems. Later, women's clubs tackled issues like
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Besides reform, women's clubs also used fashion as a way to showcase creative arts. Fashion shows put on by the CNDA in the 1930s and 1940s featured recitals of music and dance, which were held at the
1290:. Many women involved in the temperance movement felt that securing women's right to vote would help promote prohibition of alcohol. Both black and white temperance groups promoted women's suffrage.
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often called "municipal housekeeping" during the Progressive era and reflected a shared belief by many club members that home and city life were linked through city hall. By constructing the idea of
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in the 1950s. The Montana Federation of Colored Women's Clubs led campaigns for civil rights between 1949 and 1955. They also helped draft anti-segregation legislation. The initial organizer of the
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Along with fostering relations, the various clubs volunteered their time and skills to benefit their wider community. At Emporia State University the Faculty Wives club made bandages for the
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As women began to have more leisure time, they started woman's clubs. Initially, most women's clubs focused on literary endeavors, self-improvement and created social opportunities for white
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927:. The Woman's City Club was, in contrast, more interested in the health and safety of the city as opposed to the men's group who were more interested in making money from sanitation. The
640:, only after a long approval process, which included the club deciding not to exclude anyone based on race. Few clubs worked together across racial boundaries, although the YWCA and the
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relieve stress and build relationships. At University of Washington the wives formed a "Newcomers club" to ensure that the new faculty wives felt welcome and included at the university.
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204:"exert a refining and ennobling influence" on their communities. They also saw woman's clubs as an intellectual and practical good which would create better women and a better country.
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Eartha White (center, first row) is pictured with delegates at the State Meeting of the City Federation of Colored Women's Clubs of Jacksonville, at Palatka, Florida – May 16, 1915.
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have also protested cuts in teacher's salaries. Black women's clubs worked to create educational opportunities for their communities when these areas were ignored by white people.
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African-American women's clubs like the NACW not only fought for women's suffrage but also for the right of black men to vote. Many black women were involved in groups like the
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that established the idea that women had a moral duty and responsibility to transform public policy. While women's organizations had existed earlier, it was not until the
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of all workers in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Clubwomen worked to reduce the number of hours children were allowed to work in the state of Indiana.
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in the United States were the creation of women's clubs. The first nursery school in the United States was created through women's clubs and club members in Chicago. The
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established in 1885, continues to support the community today with scholarships, an annual art exhibition, and continued support to its historic club house and museum,
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852:(CFWC) helped McClurg, and created a committee that would eventually become the Colorado Cliff Dwellings Association. In California, women's clubs helped preserve
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fragile areas start to be developed, many objected. Women worked within existing clubs, and also formed new conservation-based clubs, to protect the environment.
876:". Pennsylvanian women's clubs successfully lobbied for the creation of the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry. In 1916, the GFWC supported the creation of the
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Women's clubs were involved in vocational training and pushing for additional educational options for all young people. The Woman's City Club worked with the
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The Fannie Jackson Coppin Club was created in 1899 by members of the Beth Eden Baptist Church, one of the oldest African-American religious institutions in
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60:(1896–1917) that they came to be considered a movement. The first wave of the club movement during the progressive era was started by white, middle-class,
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women helped organize many anti-slavery groups, the earliest founded in 1832, and white women followed black women's lead in creating abolition groups.
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1118:. Marriage laws in 1921 still had separate standards for married women's citizenship status depending on her state of residence. Finally, in 1922, the
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Other organizations, dedicated especially to suffrage began to be formed after the Civil War. As women's clubs grew, so did suffrage organizations.
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started as religious groups in the early part of the nineteenth century. White women were involved in church charity groups as early as the 1790s.
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1024:(ALA) and GFWC, women’s clubs are estimated to have started between 75 and 80 percent of the public libraries in the United States. In New York,
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Women's clubs that endured into the modern era were adaptable in response to societal changes over time. The missions of women's clubs, like the
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in the United States. Other wives clubs have remained independent and vibrant in their community, like the one at the University of Washington.
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Flanagan, Maureen A. (1990). "Gender and Urban Political Reform: The City Club and the Woman's City Club of Chicago in the Progressive Era".
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their rights. Among them, was Lenora O’Reilly who helped develop the WTUL that supported wage requests and promoted the end of child labor.
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872:". Idaho women's clubs also helped establish some of the first national parks; and in Utah, women's clubs "were instrumental in preserving
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114:"training schools" for women who wanted to get involved in the public sphere. They helped women attain both social and political power.
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Self Improvement, Community Improvement: North Carolina Sorosis and the Women's Club Movement in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1895–1950
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and promoted sex education. Women's clubs promoted talks from experts on birth control. The Chicago Women's Club helped organize the
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GFWC excluded African-American clubs from its membership, and many white clubs during the late 1800s excluded black women as well as
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417:. The Woman's Club of Norfolk wrote letters and sent care packages to the segregated black units sent to fight overseas. During the
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Paula D. Watson, "Founding Mothers: The Contribution of Women’s Organizations to Public Library Development in the United States,"
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During the early 21st century, numerous new private women's clubs formed in support of personal and professional affiliations and
546:, emphasizes what makes women's clubs unique: "It is a wondrous thing to be constantly surrounded by three generations of women."
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the same volume of members nor the publicity of some of the earlier groups. However, their existence can still be seen in various
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supported the development of several clubs, serving as the first chair of Wells's. Other influential woman's club organizers were
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5388:"A century of service and elegance The Woman's Club of Bala Cynwyd celebrates its centenary, and it's not just for girls anymore"
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1146:(WCTU) of Washington state was involved in urging the city of Spokane to hire a female jail matron for women prisoners in 1902.
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Cherokee County, Texas saw the creation of its first public library with the founding of the Bachelor Girl's Literary Club. The
621:, as well as improving conditions for black women in the country. Some women's clubs also worked to understand people's fear of
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1091:(NCL), developed a "white label" for stores that met the organization's standards for minimum wages and decent working hours.
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women's meetings and other gatherings. Some women's clubs created and continue to publish their own journals and newsletters.
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259:(TFWC) helped create recreational canteens for soldiers. During the 1930s, women's clubs hosted programs in concert with the
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established woman's clubs which helped raise the funds for young black women to take classes at what would later become the
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Women's clubs were noted for promoting educational efforts around the country by their contemporaries. Putting women onto
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Women's clubs helped work towards marriage reforms which would benefit women. An act passed on March 2, 1907, called the
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law in 1897 to ensure that children between the ages of seven and fourteen were in school for sixteen weeks of the year.
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1274:(FFWC) also supported temperance in that state. Numerous women involved with the temperance movement felt that limiting
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from 14 to 18. Women's clubs helped assert the right of women to refuse to have sex with their husbands if they chose.
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initial purpose of creating of a public library in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. In Colorado, women's clubs established "
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in Salem, Massachusetts was created in 1818. Black women's clubs helped raise money for the anti-slavery newspaper
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160:(GFWC) wrote in 1898 that women were first able to reach out of their homes through religious institutions.
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Women's clubs were very active in women's suffrage (see below) and helped support the war effort during
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Women's clubs such as the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) were involved with advocating the
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and the Florida Federation of Women's Clubs campaigned to create Florida's first state park in 1916,
853:
586:
543:
337:
217:
6590:
Scott, Anne Firor (January 1, 1990). "Most Invisible of All: Black Women's Voluntary Associations".
7590:
7397:
1314:
1211:
898:
Women's clubs also helped preserve historical areas. As early as 1856, a women's organization, the
633:
626:
570:
379:
176:
172:
106:
81:
69:
3350:
2471:
2005:
310:, would not allow women to be officers or vote, women created their own group. Another group, the
7228:
6824:
6816:
6787:
6701:
6693:
6664:
6656:
6607:
6572:
Hip Hop's Amnesia: From Blues and the Black Women's Club Movement to Rap and the Hip Hop Movement
6534:
6526:
6472:
6464:
6427:
6419:
6249:
6199:
6191:
5815:
5348:
Teva Scheer, "The 'Praxis' Side of the Equation: Club Women and American Public Administration,"
4574:
3916:
3476:
3408:
2241:
1169:
939:
Women's club members were involved in hospital reform and the creation of hospitals. In Seattle,
773:
683:
535:
398:
First Convention of the Montana Federation of Negro Women's Clubs, Butte, Montana, August 3, 1921
8153:
6799:
Wood, Mary I.; Pennybacker, Mrs. Percy V. (November 1914). "Civic Activities of Women's Clubs".
6439:
Merchant, Carolyn (March 1, 1984). "Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement: 1900–1916".
3834:
17:
6716:
The Excluded and the Included: Chicago, White Supremacy and the Clubwomen's Movement, 1873–1915
4879:
2405:
6956:
6843:
6764:
6741:
6720:
6576:
6555:
6491:
6456:
6351:
6330:
6314:
6291:
6270:
6218:
6156:
6115:
5218:
4393:
3297:
3150:
2952:
2942:
2919:
2909:
2649:
1601:
1576:
1287:
1047:. In Texas, the Texas Federation of Women's Clubs (TFWC) helped influence the creation of the
1033:
962:, including the Pure Food Committee of the GFWC, were lobbied for a Federal bill known as the
892:
884:
861:
756:
719:
593:, with growth attributed to factors including advances in technology and the isolation of the
213:
to African Americans because they "supported the racist ideology and practices of their era".
180:
110:
5037:
4826:
2388:
7903:
6808:
6756:
6685:
6648:
6599:
6518:
6448:
6411:
6345:
6324:
6262:
6241:
6183:
6109:
3381:
1886:
1526:
1017:
924:
845:
809:
659:
also denounced lynching. The purpose of the ASWPL was to end lynching in the United States.
421:, black women's clubs began to move towards "structural change and electoral politics". The
418:
192:
6307:"From A to Z and In Between: Women's Organizations Transforming Change from the Inside Out"
3724:
6944:
6880:
6086:
5880:
5876:"Recent Growth of Suffrage Movement in Chicago Indicated by the Many 'Equal Rights' Clubs"
4850:"Park History: Would There Have Been a Mesa Verde National Park Without Virginia McClurg?"
3889:
3233:
2486:
982:
954:
was established in New York City in November 1884 to address unsanitary conditions in the
940:
873:
606:
462:
152:, most organizations for women were auxiliaries of groups for men or were church-related.
101:
89:
57:
49:
950:
Women's clubs were involved with improving public hygiene and food and drug safety. The
4465:
4178:""Lifting as We Climb": The Activism of the Montana Federation of Colored Women's Clubs"
4088:
2558:
7293:
7258:
6930:
Finding Aids, Research Center, Special Collections, Washington State Historical Society
6876:
4543:
2641:
1369:
1275:
1131:
1100:
967:
761:
578:
77:
6892:
The Political Activities of Detroit Clubwomen in the 1920s: A Challenge and a Promise.
3081:"The Woman's Club of Norfolk Celebrates 100 Years of Reaching Back and Moving Forward"
8221:
8123:
7950:
7248:
7064:
6828:
6705:
6668:
6538:
6431:
6203:
6141:
3481:
1451:
1364:
1177:
1080:
986:
821:
663:
200:
53:
6621:"Earnest Women: The White Woman's Club Movement in Progressive Era Texas, 1880–1920"
6548:"Clubwomen, Reformers, Workers, and Feminists of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era"
6476:
6366:
5481:"History of Women's Clubs in Cherokee County Begins with the Bachelor Girls in 1902"
2902:
Smith, Jessie Carney; Phelps, Shirelle, eds. (2003). "Jones, Mary Jane Richardson".
7565:
3664:
2757:
1283:
1222:, which became the first women's group in Chicago to focus on suffrage. Later, the
1173:
1163:
1069:
1025:
903:
690:
478:
366:
341:
333:
329:
264:
187:
168:
109:, women were also able to justify their involvement in government. Later, in 1921,
73:
6135:. Berkeley: University of California Press – via California Digital Library.
1176:
was starting to be considered unhealthy. Women's clubs also spoke out against the
726:. Clubs, like the Chicago Woman's Club, taught the blind and provided job skills.
394:
6214:
A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City
5163:
2373:
1955:
733:
Women's clubs helped support and influence the creation of higher education. The
7773:
7696:
6865:
Intimate Practices: Literacy and Cultural Work in U.S. Women's Clubs, 1880–1920.
5214:
Birth Control on Main Street: Organizing Clinics in the United States, 1916–1939
5187:"Westmoreland County Clubs Will Hear Discussion of Birth Control, Sterilization"
5156:"Topics in Chronicling America – Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement"
2146:
1267:
1115:
742:
622:
559:
486:
474:
414:
236:
131:
6812:
6689:
6652:
6522:
6187:
5488:
3175:
2692:
981:, which later set up clinics around Chicago. In Reading, Pennsylvania in 1937,
505:
Many women today are working long hours or spending time with their children's
7055:
Daughters of the Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World
6915:
6905:
Lifting as We Climb: African American Women's Clubs in Progressive Era Chicago
6676:
Stewart, Jane A. (May 14, 1908). "The Educational Work of the Women's Clubs".
6130:
4348:
2956:
2450:
1168:
Women's clubs were also interested in reforming fashion. Some reform centered
813:
439:
352:
61:
6460:
6402:
Lerner, Gerda (January 1, 1974). "Early Community Work of Black Club Women".
3146:
Still Lifting, Still Climbing: Contemporary African American Women's Activism
804:
Publication of Club Women of America on landscaping and advertising, c. 1926.
629:, created by woman's clubs, helped settle and integrate European immigrants.
6917:
For Our Mutual Benefit: The Athens Woman's Club and Social Reform, 1899–1920
5996:
5968:
5810:
5784:
5652:
4415:
4021:
3993:
3967:
3940:
3911:
3436:"Houston Height Woman's Club: Over 100 Years of Friendship and Philanthropy"
2923:
2270:
1916:
1840:
1123:
1084:
848:, women's organizations in Colorado supported the creation of the park. The
694:
6884:
1732:"Cultivating Female Reform: The Montana Woman's Christian Temperance Union"
776:. CNDA also hosted an exhibit of African art, literature, and music called
566:, founded in 1909, remain relevant today, and the clubs remain successful.
481:. At Ball State University the club sewed regularly at the local hospital.
6737:
Women, Culture, and Community: Religion and Reform in Galveston, 1880–1920
323:
After slavery was ended in the United States with the ratification of the
3293:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
2903:
1279:
955:
833:
817:
652:
407:
252:
244:
85:
6791:
6697:
6381:"The Women's Movement in the West: A Tribute to 19th Century Club Women"
5244:
Urban Experience in Chicago: Hull-House and Its Neighborhoods, 1889–1963
4578:
7793:
6839:"We Must Be Up and Doing": A Reader in Early African American Feminisms
6820:
6660:
6611:
6530:
6468:
6423:
6287:
Gender, Race, and Politics in the Midwest: Black Club Women in Illinois
6253:
6195:
5002:
1440:
1219:
825:
435:
248:
145:
5450:"From Socialization to Social Change: Women's Clubs of South Carolina"
1308:
Delegates representing South Carolina women's clubs in Detroit in 1958
1150:
helped expose sexual abuse of women prisoners in the jails during the
2473:
The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America
1598:
Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History
1215:
6636:
6603:
6506:
6452:
6415:
6245:
6171:
6132:
A Nationality of Her Own: Women, Marriage and the Law of Citizenship
521:
University Woman's Club at the University of the Fraser Valley, 2012
5296:"Margaret Sanger, "The Real Meaning of Birth Control," 30 Mar 1937"
958:
district, and by 1897 had become a national organization. Women in
7414:
Chicago and Northern District Association of Colored Women's Clubs
6801:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
6641:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
6511:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
6176:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2476:
Ruth Rosen, Viking, 2000, page 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
1303:
1200:
1002:
799:
787:
770:
Chicago and Northern District Association of Colored Women's Clubs
516:
393:
289:
191:
use by club members. Instead of forming a literary club, women in
144:
Prior to the founding of the first Progressive era women's clubs,
125:
4969:
4967:
130:
The headquarters of the Minnesota Federation of Women's Clubs in
7144:
6757:"Valleys Without Sunsets: Women's Clubs and Traveling Libraries"
2939:
Fannie Barrier Williams: Crossing the Borders of Region and Race
1497:
209:
7852:
Federation of Women's Clubs for Oklahoma and Indian Territories
6960:
6108:
Beer, Janet; Ford, Anne-Marie; Joslin, Katherine, eds. (2003).
2370:"The American Woman's League and the American Woman's Republic"
6934:
6926:
6921:
4494:"Plymouth Woman's Club: Local Ladies Activist Group Dissolves"
3660:"Why professional networking groups for women remain valuable"
5300:
The Public Writings and Speeches of Margaret Sanger 1911–1960
1806:
856:
trees and protested against "the environmentally destructive
706:
which was originally meant to help "delinquent" black girls.
347:
During the Progressive era, many black women migrated to the
64:
women, and a second phase was led by African-American women.
7025:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
6778:
Winter, Alice Ames (November 1921). "Women's Clubs To-day".
5544:
5542:
4258:
4256:
4254:
3290:
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.; Appiah, Kwame Anthony, eds. (2005).
3045:"National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, Inc. (1896)"
1325:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
895:
was created through the work of the Carrizozo Woman's Club.
820:. Later, clubs, like a Michigan women's club, would work to
642:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
6763:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
6329:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
4629:
4627:
3266:"Ball State University Women's Club Records and Scrapbooks"
2980:
2978:
1205:
National American Women Suffrage, St. Louis, March 25, 1919
824:
parts of the state. In Idaho, women's clubs helped prevent
344:
had created more than 500 clubs addressing various issues.
195:
created a scientific club, which also focused on learning.
4958:
The Oxford Handbook of US Women's Social Movement Activism
4903:
4901:
4656:
4654:
4241:
4239:
3744:
3742:
1068:
Women's clubs were involved in tracking and investigating
413:
The NACW raised more than $ 5 million in war bonds during
404:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
8179:
First National Conference of the Colored Women of America
5732:
5730:
5604:
5602:
5067:
5065:
4777:
4775:
4368:
4366:
4145:"From the Southern Exposure Archives: Women and Lynching"
3808:
3806:
3793:
3791:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3149:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 150–151.
2575:
2573:
2571:
402:
Both black and white women were involved in creating the
5912:. United States House of Representatives. Archived from
5559:
5557:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4685:
4683:
4681:
3778:
3776:
947:. Other clubs helped set up health centers and clinics.
278:(NOW) was formed, and women's clubs again grew in size.
267:
broke out, women's clubs were involved in volunteering.
6909:
6265:. In Bakken, Gordon Morris; Farrington, Brenda (eds.).
4614:
4612:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
644:(ASWPL) did sometimes welcome bi-racial collaboration.
365:
helped the creation of African-American women's clubs.
224:
as a marketing venture in support of his publications,
5271:"Illinois Birth Control League is Vital Social Agency"
3007:
3005:
2816:
2814:
2789:
2787:
2389:"American Women's League Chapter House / Peck Library"
2076:"The Woman's Club of Maplewood – A Century of Service"
832:. GFWC had been active since 1890 in areas related to
7920:
General Federation of Women's Clubs of South Carolina
7649:
Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
5217:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. p. 37.
3694:"This Is Why We Still Need Women's Networking Groups"
3377:"Women's clubs struggle to find new, younger members"
3204:"Faculty Wives Club of Kent State University records"
2941:. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
2667:
2665:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
1571:
Appleby, Joyce; Chang, Eileen; Goodwin, Neva (2015).
1400:
Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
1252:, when women got together again for charitable work.
1028:
found clubwomen in his state to "be staunch allies".
931:
of New Mexico helped bring sanitation to their city.
737:"was a significant force behind the establishment of
7224:
California State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
6719:. University of Chicago: Loyola University Chicago.
4464:. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from
4347:. Texas Woman's University Libraries. Archived from
4151:. The Institute for Southern Studies. Archived from
4087:. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from
3176:"University of Washington Faculty Auxiliary History"
3143:
Wright, Sharon D. (1999). Springer, Kimberly (ed.).
1537:
Membership discrimination in California social clubs
8191:
8167:
8141:
8116:
8100:
8084:
8053:
8037:
8025:
7959:
7933:
7912:
7891:
7860:
7839:
7823:
7807:
7756:
7725:
7689:
7673:
7657:
7636:
7620:
7604:
7558:
7537:
7521:
7505:
7484:
7463:
7442:
7406:
7390:
7354:
7323:
7302:
7216:
7185:
7169:
7153:
7002:
6995:
6153:
The Woman's Club of El Paso: Its First Thirty Years
6143:
The History of the Woman's Club Movement in America
5723:
on December 16, 2016 – via National Archives.
2715:"African American Women During the Progressive Era"
2648:(Reprint ed.). Mariner Books. pp. 62–63.
7925:South Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
6347:The Chicago Black Renaissance and Women's Activism
4111:
3702:, December 20, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
3644:"The Most exclusive Women-Only Clubs In Manhattan"
3621:. The George Washington University. Archived from
1446:South Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
7450:Indiana State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
7090:National Society of the Colonial Dames of America
6873:List of books for girls and women and their clubs
6759:. In Freeman, Robert S.; Hovde, David M. (eds.).
6111:American Feminism: Key Source Documents 1848–1920
5130:"Club Women To Defy Law and Preach Birth Control"
3684:, October 11, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
2867:. National Women's History Museum. Archived from
1421:National Society of the Colonial Dames of America
1390:Indiana State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
662:Women's groups, like the NACWC, began to support
461:These Faculty Wives clubs were formed during the
8238:Women's organizations based in the United States
7492:Topeka Council of Colored Women's Clubs Building
6894:Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2013.
6637:"The Women's Clubs in the Middle Western States"
6269:. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
4110:Dykeman, Wilma; Stokely, James (November 1957).
3668:, January 7, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
902:, began the process of restoring and preserving
167:Later, women also started to become involved in
6635:Sherman, Mrs. John Dickinson (September 1906).
6326:National Parks and the Woman's Voice: A History
5160:Newspaper & Current Periodical Reading Room
5036:Smith, Alfred Emanuel; Walton, Francis (1895).
2308:
2216:
477:, and sewed regularly for the Red Cross during
336:". In 1868, black women's clubs were formed in
239:. Women in clubs raised money, worked with the
7020:Associated Daughters of Early American Witches
6761:Libraries to the People: Histories of Outreach
4390:Western New York Suffragists: Winning the Vote
3855:
2646:The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History
2548:"The Popularization of Voluntary Associations"
2320:
298:Even before African Americans were freed from
6972:
6507:"The Work of the Women's Clubs in California"
5335:
5333:
4304:"Woman's Club Members Shaped El Paso History"
3573:"Historic Colored Women's Club still growing"
36:Five women officers of the Women's League in
8:
7847:Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
6057:"Women's Suffrage and the Question of Color"
5185:Perry, Mrs. Richard B. (February 28, 1936).
3650:, May 8, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
2387:Jennifer Eastman Attebery (April 29, 1986).
1542:History of antisemitism in the United States
1278:access would decrease "social ills" such as
840:Women's clubs helped in the creation of the
493:Decline of woman's clubs in the 20th century
5653:"The formation of a society having for its"
2640:. In Mankiller, Wilma P.; Mink, Gwendolyn;
2605:"A History of Slavery in the United States"
1766:"S.F. women's clubs aging, rolls declining"
1049:Texas State Library and Archives Commission
8195:
8171:
8145:
7576:Colored Female Religious and Moral Society
6999:
6979:
6965:
6957:
6374:. University of North Carolina Wilmington.
6267:Encyclopedia of Women in the American West
6172:"The Meaning of the Woman's Club Movement"
5771:
4327:
3912:"Mrs. Henrotin, the President of the Gen-"
2644:; Smith, Barbara; Steinem, Gloria (eds.).
1355:Colored Female Religious and Moral Society
808:Women's clubs were involved in protecting
312:Colored Female Religious and Moral Society
6350:. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
6290:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
6170:Decker, Sarah S. Platt (September 1906).
4050:"Racial Divisions in the Progressive Era"
3023:
2984:
1573:Encyclopedia of Women in American History
772:(CNDA) hosted well-known singers such as
512:
492:
386:(NACW) was founded. The NACW grew out of
100:The woman's club movement became part of
7764:Empire State Federation of Women's Clubs
7612:Ladies' Library Association of Kalamazoo
7471:Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
7010:American Association of University Women
5906:"The Women's Rights Movement, 1848–1920"
5837:
5548:
5454:South Carolina Digital Newspaper Program
4973:
4907:
4793:
4766:
4440:
4262:
3748:
3296:. Oxford University Press. p. 628.
1677:
1665:
1653:
1262:Temperance movement in the United States
973:Many women's clubs were involved in the
883:In the 1930s, clubwomen involved in the
340:. Between 1880 and 1920, black women in
31:
7644:Mississippi Federation of Women's Clubs
6554:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
6552:Women's Rights: People and Perspectives
6155:. El Paso, Texas: Texas Western Press.
5933:
5931:
5900:
5898:
5849:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5689:
5608:
5521:
5509:
5411:
5094:
5092:
5083:
4943:
4931:
4919:
4781:
4737:
4709:"Carrizozo Woman's Club Has Deep Roots"
4702:
4700:
4698:
4672:
4660:
4603:
4591:
4522:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4372:
4297:
4295:
4274:
4245:
4218:
4172:
4170:
3797:
3767:
3710:
3708:
3470:Steinhauer, Jennifer (August 9, 2010).
3316:
2908:. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research.
2889:
2832:
2579:
2428:
1827:
1713:
1563:
1547:Racial segregation in the United States
718:school for boys in Glenwood, Illinois.
647:The Woman's Missionary Council for the
8228:African-American women's organizations
6947:Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
6842:. Buffalo, New York: Broadview Press.
5861:
5736:
5677:
5563:
5533:
5435:
5423:
5373:
5361:
5324:
5071:
5023:
4993:Blair, Karen J. (September 27, 2009).
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4805:
4754:
4689:
4645:
4633:
4451:
4449:
4286:
4230:
4079:Winegarten, Ruthe (February 4, 2017).
3867:
3812:
3782:
3601:
3536:
3534:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3465:
3463:
3370:
3368:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3198:
3196:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
2969:
2844:
2805:
2591:
2416:
2344:
2332:
2296:
2192:
2167:
2125:
2057:
1793:
1791:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1689:
1043:was created largely by members of the
1007:Willie Massey, head of the library in
595:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
7581:New England Woman's Press Association
7135:Women's Joint Congressional Committee
7095:National Society of New England Women
7080:National Association of Colored Women
6740:. New York: Oxford University Press.
5939:"African American Women and Suffrage"
5162:. Library of Congress. Archived from
5052:
4995:"Women's Club Movement in Washington"
4618:
4206:
3678:"The High Price of Female Friendship"
3409:"The decline of Maynard Woman's Club"
3108:
3106:
3011:
2996:
2855:
2853:
2820:
2793:
2778:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2671:
2533:
2204:
2139:"General Federation of Women's Clubs"
2113:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2038:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1865:
1764:Bowles, Nellie (September 11, 2011).
1759:
1757:
1493:Women's Joint Congressional Committee
1488:Woman's Health Protective Association
1410:National Association of Colored Women
1197:Women's suffrage in the United States
1087:". Women-led organizations, like the
952:Ladies' Health Protective Association
605:Women's clubs, especially during the
384:National Association of Colored Women
179:organizations starting in the 1840s.
7:
8233:Progressive Era in the United States
7513:Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs
7045:Daughters of the American Revolution
6575:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Book.
5874:Squire, Belle (September 18, 1910).
5386:O'Loughlin, Kathy (March 16, 2012).
5100:"Causes: The Birth Control Movement"
4113:"The Plight of Southern White Women"
4081:"Texas Association of Women's Clubs"
3619:The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project
3328:
2356:
1701:
1619:
1617:
1360:Daughters of the American Revolution
1350:Colorado Federation of Women's Clubs
1079:Some women's clubs became active in
850:Colorado Federation of Women's Clubs
7550:Maryland Woman Suffrage Association
7145:Young Women's Christian Association
7115:United Daughters of the Confederacy
7060:General Federation of Women's Clubs
7040:Daughters of the American Colonists
6938:Women's Clubs Collection, 1812–1995
5350:Administrative Theory & Praxis,
5339:Watson, "Founding Mothers," p. 236.
4458:"Texas Federation of Women's Clubs"
4302:Weiser, Abbie (February 21, 2016).
3825:Jones, Cherisse R. (July 7, 2016).
3571:Bell, Natalie (February 25, 2016).
3509:"The Florida Women's Club Movement"
3472:"A Sanctuary for Women, Even Today"
2491:General Federation of Women's Clubs
2228:
2026:
1883:General Federation of Women's Clubs
1498:Young Women's Christian Association
1467:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1380:General Federation of Women's Clubs
1272:Florida Federation of Women's Clubs
1242:National Baptist Woman's Convention
1238:American Woman Suffrage Association
1234:National Woman Suffrage Association
792:Women in the Adirondacks, photo by
550:continues to be one of the top ten
158:General Federation of Women's Clubs
8248:Women's clubs in the United States
7972:Texas Association of Women's Clubs
7967:Daughters of the Republic of Texas
7545:Woman's Literary Club of Baltimore
7125:Women's Christian Temperance Union
6867:University of Chicago Press, 1997.
6836:Zackodnik, Teresa C., ed. (2010).
6505:Moore, Dorothea (September 1906).
6129:Bredbenner, Candice Lewis (1998).
5761:(2) – via National Archives.
5751:"Women and Naturalization, Part 2"
5709:"Women and Naturalization, Part 1"
5485:Stephen F. Austin State University
4536:"The Woman's Club of White Plains"
4492:Clark, Emily (February 17, 2016).
3375:Comas, Martin E. (April 6, 2016).
3079:Watson, Denise M. (June 6, 2016).
2613:. January 31, 2016. Archived from
2082:. November 1, 2010. Archived from
1954:. December 1, 1999. Archived from
1532:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
1472:Women's Christian Temperance Union
1457:Texas Association of Women's Clubs
1320:Association of Collegiate Alumnae
1144:Women's Christian Temperance Union
923:both worked on issues relating to
657:Texas Association of Women's Clubs
25:
7992:Dallas Equal Suffrage Association
7987:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
7130:Women's National Republican Club
6953:, McLean County Museum of History
5627:Chicago Metropolitan History Fair
4143:Hall, Jacquelyn (March 8, 2013).
2750:"The Black Women's Club Movement"
1462:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
999:Public libraries in North America
735:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
724:Rochester Institute of Technology
715:Association of Collegiate Alumnae
525:Some clubs are still active. The
513:Woman's clubs in the 21st century
442:across the United States such as
257:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
7982:Texas Equal Suffrage Association
7784:Equal Suffrage League (Brooklyn)
7085:National Council of Jewish Women
6734:Turner, Elizabeth Hayes (1997).
6211:Dunbar, Erica Armstrong (2008).
6146:. New York: H.G. Allen & Co.
4540:The Woman's Club of White Plains
4456:Seaholm, Megan (June 15, 2010).
3939:Field, Kate (January 12, 1895).
2861:"African American Reform Ethics"
2183:, vol. 64, no. 3 (1994), p. 235.
1416:National Council of Jewish Women
1405:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
900:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
891:in Colorado. In New Mexico, the
18:Black women's club movement
7429:Frederick Douglass Woman's Club
7110:United States Daughters of 1812
6951:Margaret Fuller Club Collection
6592:The Journal of Southern History
6140:Croly, Jane Cunningham (1898).
5943:National Women's History Museum
5581:National Women's History Museum
5577:"The National Consumers League"
5448:Blair, Laura (March 27, 2013).
5269:De Young, Ruth (June 6, 1937).
5104:National Women's History Museum
4848:Janiskee, Bob (June 29, 2008).
4416:"Real Help for the Unfortunate"
4054:National Women's History Museum
3615:"Women's City Club of New York"
3208:Kent State University Libraries
2719:National Women's History Museum
1909:"Woman's Club of Redondo Beach"
1738:. June 12, 2014. Archived from
1629:National Women's History Museum
1375:Frederick Douglass Woman's Club
1099:Women's clubs helped establish
989:sponsored by the Woman's Club.
893:Valley of Fires Recreation Area
423:National Council of Negro Women
276:National Organization for Women
52:that took place throughout the
7977:Texas Equal Rights Association
7161:Alabama's Colored Women's Club
6261:Hansen, Debra L. Gold (2003).
6234:The American Historical Review
4184:. July 1, 2014. Archived from
4022:"Against Race and Color Lines"
2865:African American Reform Ethics
1240:(AWSA). Women involved in the
943:created what later became the
919:The Woman's City Club and the
286:African-American club movement
1:
6713:Tolson, Claudette L. (2008).
6388:West River History Conference
6323:Kaufman, Polly Welts (2006).
6263:"Clubs (Women's) in the West"
5479:Burkett, Deborah (May 2013).
5352:vol. 24, no 3 (2002), p. 525.
5240:"Rachelle Slobodinsky Yarros"
5042:. Outlook publishing Company.
4707:Maue, Lisa (March 15, 2016).
3434:Dove, Lindsay Scovil (2013).
3114:"Black Women's Club Movement"
2443:"The Woman's Club of Spokane"
2269:Bodine, W.L. (May 24, 1905).
1913:Woman's Club of Redondo Beach
1517:Feminism in the United States
1482:Women's City Club of New York
1226:would help promote suffrage.
1218:, helped set up a chapter of
985:was a sponsored speaker on a
979:Illinois Birth Control League
794:Katherine Elizabeth McClellan
617:Women's clubs helped promote
270:In 1964, Congress passed the
261:Works Progress Administration
135:
7789:Newswomen's Club of New York
7264:Hollywood Women's Press Club
7070:Ladies' Memorial Association
6871:Augusta H. Leypoldt (1895),
6550:. In DeLuzio, Crista (ed.).
6404:The Journal of Negro History
6284:Hendricks, Wanda A. (1998).
6151:Cunningham, Mary S. (1978).
4567:The American Magazine of Art
4565:"Art in the Women's Clubs".
3972:Harrisburg Daily Independent
3882:"Fannie Jackson Coppin Club"
3856:Beer, Ford & Joslin 2003
3234:"Faculty Wives Club Records"
2937:Hendricks, Wanda A. (2013).
2905:Notable Black American Women
2638:"Black Clubwomen's Movement"
2505:"Women's Trade Union League"
2487:"Impact and Accomplishments"
2321:Beer, Ford & Joslin 2003
2271:"The Value of Woman's Clubs"
1385:Houston Heights Woman's Club
1152:Free Speech Movement of 1909
1022:American Library Association
1020:Endowment. According to the
868:which became the nucleus of
816:, and dedicate and maintain
784:Environment and conservation
527:Houston Heights Woman's Club
216:In 1907, magazine publisher
7050:Daughters of the Cincinnati
7030:Colonial Dames XVII Century
6344:Knupfer, Anna Meis (2006).
6026:"Women's Suffrage Movement"
6013:– via Newspapers.com.
5985:– via Newspapers.com.
5910:History, Art & Archives
5799:– via Newspapers.com.
5667:– via Newspapers.com.
4038:– via Newspapers.com.
4010:– via Newspapers.com.
3982:– via Newspapers.com.
3956:– via Newspapers.com.
3941:"Color Versus Intelligence"
3928:– via Newspapers.com.
3880:Moore, Shirley Ann Wilson.
3831:South Carolina Encyclopedia
3347:Oklahoma Historical Society
2636:Shaw, Stephanie J. (1999).
2610:National Geographic Society
2309:Wood & Pennybacker 1914
2217:Wood & Pennybacker 1914
2002:Oklahoma Historical Society
1803:The Woman's Club of El Paso
1625:"Introduction to Clubwomen"
1053:Texas Historical Commission
945:Seattle Children's Hospital
562:, founded in 1903, and the
376:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
8264:
8076:University Club of Seattle
8031:Daughters of Utah Pioneers
7362:Atlanta Neighborhood Union
7140:Women's Trade Union League
7105:Queen Isabella Association
6935:Digital Library of Georgia
6927:Digital Library of Georgia
6922:Digital Library of Georgia
6813:10.1177/000271621405600110
6690:10.1177/002205740806702004
6653:10.1177/000271620602800203
6546:Parker, Alison M. (2010).
6523:10.1177/000271620602800205
6365:Lang, Jennifer R. (2005).
6305:Johnson, Kimberly (n.d.).
6188:10.1177/000271620602800201
5238:Haslett, Diane C. (2001).
5211:Hajo, Cathy Moran (2010).
3449:(3): 20–21. Archived from
1841:"Los Angeles Woman's Club"
1600:. LSU Press. p. 140.
1575:. Routledge. p. 455.
1330:Atlanta Neighborhood Union
1297:
1259:
1194:
1161:
996:
655:. Women's clubs, like the
555:for elderly black people.
507:extracurricular activities
372:Mary Jane Richardson Jones
304:African Benevolent Society
8198:
8174:
8148:
7035:Colonial Dames of America
6780:The North American Review
6755:Watson, Paula D. (2003).
6217:. Yale University Press.
6087:"Sulgrave Club Home Page"
5997:"Susan B. Has Had Enough"
5749:Smith, Marian L. (1998).
5707:Smith, Marian L. (1998).
4819:"People Behind the Parks"
3341:Wilson, Linda D. (2009).
2276:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1996:Wilson, Linda D. (2009).
1879:"GFWC Clubwoman Magazine"
1596:Goldfield, David (2013).
1345:Colonial Dames of America
1244:also supported suffrage.
1089:National Consumers League
844:. Under the direction of
672:Woman's Political Council
649:southern Methodist church
544:Ebell Club in Los Angeles
7586:New England Women's Club
6678:The Journal of Education
6569:Rabaka, Reiland (2012).
6487:Organizing Black America
6030:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
3443:Houston History Magazine
3238:Emporia State University
3180:University of Washington
2754:DeColonizing Our History
2143:Women Working, 1800–1930
1426:New England Women's Club
1009:Van Wyck, South Carolina
870:Everglades National Park
842:Mesa Verde National Park
739:Texas Woman's University
552:non-profit organizations
452:Emporia State University
444:University of Washington
150:New England Women's Club
7015:American Woman's League
6890:Jayne Morris-Crowther,
6619:Seaholm, Megan (1998).
5191:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
4886:. National Park Service
4880:"Royal Palm State Park"
4854:National Parks Traveler
4341:"Historical Background"
4182:Women's History Matters
3721:Jewish Women's Archives
3343:"Women's Club Movement"
2509:Encyclopedia Britannica
1998:"Women's Club Movement"
1952:Encyclopedia Britannica
1736:Women's History Matters
1477:Women's Club of El Paso
1045:Woman's Club of El Paso
960:The Pure Foods Movement
699:Woman's Club of El Paso
638:Fannie Barrier Williams
625:during the late 1900s.
532:Des Moines Women's Club
222:American Woman's League
27:Women's social movement
7571:College Club of Boston
7497:Woman's Club of Topeka
7424:Fortnightly of Chicago
7075:League of Women Voters
6943:March 6, 2015, at the
6484:Mjagkij, Nona (2001).
4956:Stover, Kayla (2017).
4573:(5): 209. March 1918.
4132:– via EBSCOhost.
3120:. 2006. Archived from
2689:Women in Texas History
1436:San Pedro Woman's Club
1395:League of Women Voters
1335:Charlotte Woman's Club
1309:
1268:prohibition of alcohol
1206:
1148:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
1120:United States Congress
1041:El Paso Public Library
1012:
975:birth control movement
970:in their communities.
964:Pure Food and Drug Act
929:Carrizozo Woman's Club
805:
797:
745:for higher education.
668:Montgomery bus boycott
522:
399:
359:in their communities.
349:Northern United States
295:
251:for soldiers and sold
141:
107:municipal housekeeping
41:
8203:List of women's clubs
8192:List of women's clubs
7873:Colored Women's Clubs
7769:Brooklyn Woman's Club
7596:Saturday Morning Club
7120:United Order of Tents
7100:Phillis Wheatley Club
6114:. London: Routledge.
6024:Taylor, Paula Kyzer.
5974:Chicago Daily Tribune
5789:Chicago Daily Tribune
5621:Schultz, Rima Lunin.
4976:, pp. 1038–1039.
4498:Wicked Local Kingston
4462:Texas Handbook Online
4085:Texas Handbook Online
4027:Chicago Daily Tribune
3999:The Salt Lake Tribune
3946:Chicago Daily Tribune
3717:"Rose Haas Alschuler"
3715:Bornstein, Sandra K.
3456:on February 23, 2017.
3270:Ball State University
2564:on February 26, 2017.
2393:National Park Service
2247:The Los Angeles Times
1845:The Los Angeles Times
1512:List of women's clubs
1431:Phillis Wheatley Club
1307:
1300:List of women's clubs
1204:
1006:
908:environmental justice
878:National Park Service
866:Royal Palm State Park
803:
791:
778:The Negro in Art Week
704:Crockett State School
520:
456:Ball State University
448:Kent State University
397:
342:Indianapolis, Indiana
308:Newport, Rhode Island
293:
274:, then, in 1966, the
154:Jane Cunningham Croly
129:
46:women's club movement
38:Newport, Rhode Island
35:
7946:Country Woman's Club
7419:Chicago Woman's Club
7367:Atlanta Woman's Club
7239:College Women's Club
6990:in the United States
6441:Environmental Review
6379:Lee, Shebby (2009).
6091:www.sulgraveclub.org
6067:on February 23, 2017
6036:on December 21, 2016
6002:The Saint Paul Globe
5587:on December 30, 2016
5136:. September 29, 1916
5110:on December 30, 2016
5005:on February 28, 2017
4860:on February 28, 2017
4829:on February 28, 2017
4719:on February 14, 2017
4546:on February 23, 2017
4060:on December 30, 2016
3968:"The Color Question"
3892:on February 23, 2017
3837:on February 23, 2017
3625:on November 19, 2016
3583:on February 23, 2017
3577:The Mississippi Link
3552:on November 19, 2016
3484:on February 23, 2017
3413:Wicked Local Maynard
3124:on February 23, 2017
3091:on February 23, 2017
2871:on December 30, 2016
2725:on December 30, 2016
2617:on November 25, 2017
2546:Hall, Peter Dobkin.
2453:on February 28, 2017
2149:on February 23, 2017
1919:on February 23, 2017
1889:on November 19, 2016
1809:on February 23, 2017
1340:Chicago Woman's Club
1224:Chicago Woman's Club
1180:in women's fashion.
1178:use of bird feathers
921:City Club of Chicago
711:Chicago Woman's Club
338:Harris County, Texas
230:Woman's Farm Journal
218:Edward Gardner Lewis
7398:Daughters of Hawaii
6863:Anne Ruggles Gere.
6055:McGoldrick, Neale.
5719:(2). Archived from
5633:on January 16, 2017
5250:on January 16, 2017
4960:. New York: Oxford.
4396:on November 7, 2016
4351:on February 5, 2017
4233:, pp. 201–202.
4091:on February 5, 2017
3920:. December 23, 1894
3085:The Virginian-Pilot
2760:on February 2, 2017
2557:: 1. Archived from
2441:Oesterheld, Frank.
2376:on October 3, 2006.
2299:, pp. 199–200.
1776:on February 5, 2017
1315:Alpha Suffrage Club
1212:Kate Newell Doggett
1124:Married Women's Act
1034:traveling libraries
764:as the state song.
634:Oakland, California
571:business networking
542:, president of the
429:Faculty Wives clubs
380:Mary Church Terrell
7229:Berkeley City Club
5977:. October 20, 1883
5819:. January 29, 1879
5816:Los Angeles Herald
5811:"The Woman's Club"
5785:"The County Board"
4030:. January 24, 1895
4002:. January 24, 1896
3994:"Black Bats White"
3974:. February 5, 1896
3917:The New York Times
3682:Town & Country
3477:The New York Times
2447:Spokane Historical
1847:. February 1, 1885
1310:
1207:
1074:working conditions
1013:
806:
798:
651:spoke out against
536:Hoyt Sherman Place
523:
400:
391:"call to action".
296:
142:
42:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8187:
8186:
8163:
8162:
8137:
8136:
8129:Women's City Club
7941:19th Century Club
7899:Cosmopolitan Club
7799:Women's City Club
7779:Cosmopolitan Club
7681:20th Century Club
7284:Metropolitan Club
6849:978-1-55111-917-5
6770:978-0-7864-1359-1
6747:978-0-19-802805-5
6582:978-0-7391-7492-0
6561:978-1-59884-114-5
6497:978-1-135-58123-7
6336:978-0-8263-3994-2
6315:Delta Kappa Gamma
6276:978-1-4522-6526-1
6224:978-0-300-12591-7
6061:SocialStudies.org
5969:"Women's Kingdom"
5949:on March 26, 2017
5916:on March 30, 2017
5840:, pp. 69–70.
5774:, pp. 86–87.
5755:Prologue Magazine
5713:Prologue Magazine
5623:"Women's History"
5491:on March 31, 2017
5460:on March 31, 2017
5364:, pp. 87–88.
5224:978-0-252-03536-4
4648:, pp. 60–61.
4636:, pp. 59–60.
4504:on March 31, 2017
4468:on March 22, 2016
4422:. January 2, 1911
4188:on March 31, 2017
3727:on August 5, 2016
3303:978-0-19-517055-9
3055:on March 27, 2017
2948:978-0-252-09587-0
2695:on March 23, 2017
2655:978-0-618-00182-8
2347:, pp. 44–45.
2335:, pp. 10–11.
2250:. January 9, 1885
2207:, pp. 12–13.
2181:Library Quarterly
2086:on March 31, 2017
1958:on April 20, 2016
1742:on March 30, 2017
1635:on March 30, 2017
1522:Gentlemen's clubs
1288:domestic violence
862:May Mann Jennings
810:natural resources
757:Old Folks at Home
720:Hester C. Jeffrey
627:Settlement houses
564:Cosmopolitan Club
111:Alice Ames Winter
16:(Redirected from
8255:
8196:
8172:
8146:
7591:Woman's Era Club
7000:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6958:
6887:
6853:
6832:
6795:
6786:(792): 636–640.
6774:
6751:
6730:
6709:
6672:
6631:
6625:
6615:
6586:
6565:
6542:
6501:
6480:
6435:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6385:
6375:
6373:
6361:
6340:
6319:
6311:
6301:
6280:
6257:
6240:(4): 1032–1050.
6228:
6207:
6166:
6147:
6136:
6125:
6095:
6094:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6063:. Archived from
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6032:. Archived from
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5945:. Archived from
5935:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5791:. April 16, 1884
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5704:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5659:. March 27, 1886
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5629:. Archived from
5618:
5612:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5583:. Archived from
5573:
5567:
5561:
5552:
5546:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5487:. Archived from
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5456:. Archived from
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5302:. Archived from
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5246:. Archived from
5235:
5229:
5228:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5166:on April 7, 2016
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5106:. Archived from
5096:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5060:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5001:. Archived from
4990:
4977:
4971:
4962:
4961:
4953:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4856:. Archived from
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4825:. Archived from
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4770:
4764:
4758:
4752:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4715:. Archived from
4704:
4693:
4687:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4622:
4616:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4542:. Archived from
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4500:. Archived from
4489:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4453:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4392:. Archived from
4386:"Hester Jeffrey"
4382:
4376:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4337:
4331:
4330:, pp. 8–10.
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4299:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4249:
4243:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4155:on March 9, 2016
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4115:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4056:. Archived from
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3888:. Archived from
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3833:. Archived from
3822:
3816:
3810:
3801:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3771:
3765:
3752:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3723:. Archived from
3712:
3703:
3691:
3685:
3680:Marisa Meltzer,
3675:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3648:Guest of a Guest
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3579:. Archived from
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3548:. Archived from
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3519:on April 5, 2017
3515:. Archived from
3505:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3480:. Archived from
3467:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3389:on March 1, 2017
3385:. Archived from
3382:Orlando Sentinel
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:on March 1, 2017
3349:. Archived from
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3262:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3230:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3172:
3161:
3160:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3118:Encyclopedia.com
3110:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3087:. Archived from
3076:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3051:. Archived from
3040:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2857:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2756:. Archived from
2746:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:. Archived from
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2691:. Archived from
2681:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2449:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:. Archived from
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2242:"A Woman's Club"
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2145:. Archived from
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2072:
2061:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2008:on March 1, 2017
2004:. Archived from
1993:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1915:. Archived from
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1885:. Archived from
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:. Archived from
1795:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1772:. Archived from
1761:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1728:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1631:. Archived from
1621:
1612:
1611:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1568:
1527:Women-only space
1250:Great Depression
1112:Expatriation Act
1018:Carnegie Library
889:Great Sand Dunes
887:, protected the
858:Hetch Hetchy Dam
846:Virginia McClurg
830:national forests
670:in 1955 was the
419:Great Depression
272:Civil Rights Act
255:. In Texas, the
226:Woman's Magazine
181:African-American
177:women's suffrage
140:
137:
82:women's suffrage
78:juvenile justice
21:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8218:
8217:
8216:
8207:
8183:
8159:
8154:The Woman's Era
8133:
8117:Washington D.C.
8112:
8096:
8080:
8049:
8033:
8021:
8007:Houston Heights
7955:
7929:
7908:
7887:
7856:
7835:
7819:
7803:
7752:
7721:
7717:Upper Montclair
7685:
7669:
7653:
7632:
7616:
7600:
7554:
7533:
7517:
7501:
7480:
7459:
7438:
7434:Three Arts Club
7402:
7386:
7350:
7341:Fort Lauderdale
7319:
7298:
7279:LA Nurses' Club
7212:
7181:
7165:
7149:
6991:
6985:
6945:Wayback Machine
6912:(official site)
6901:
6870:
6860:
6858:Further reading
6850:
6835:
6798:
6777:
6771:
6754:
6748:
6733:
6727:
6712:
6684:(20): 536–538.
6675:
6634:
6628:Rice University
6623:
6618:
6604:10.2307/2210662
6589:
6583:
6568:
6562:
6545:
6504:
6498:
6483:
6453:10.2307/3984521
6438:
6416:10.2307/2717327
6401:
6392:
6390:
6383:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6358:
6343:
6337:
6322:
6309:
6304:
6298:
6283:
6277:
6260:
6246:10.2307/2163477
6231:
6225:
6210:
6169:
6163:
6150:
6139:
6128:
6122:
6107:
6104:
6099:
6098:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6068:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6008:
6006:
6005:. June 28, 1888
5995:
5994:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5937:
5936:
5929:
5919:
5917:
5904:
5903:
5896:
5886:
5884:
5881:Chicago Tribune
5873:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5822:
5820:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5794:
5792:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5772:Bredbenner 1998
5770:
5766:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5735:
5728:
5706:
5705:
5696:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5657:The Inter Ocean
5651:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5562:
5555:
5551:, p. 1043.
5547:
5540:
5532:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5463:
5461:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5392:Main Line Times
5385:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5309:
5307:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5275:Chicago Tribune
5268:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5134:The Denver Post
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5098:
5097:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5070:
5063:
5051:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
4992:
4991:
4980:
4972:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4773:
4765:
4761:
4753:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4706:
4705:
4696:
4688:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4652:
4644:
4640:
4632:
4625:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4547:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4505:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4443:, p. 1040.
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4420:The Inter Ocean
4414:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4397:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4371:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4328:Cunningham 1978
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4265:, p. 1041.
4261:
4252:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4189:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3827:"Women's Clubs"
3824:
3823:
3819:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3774:
3766:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3696:Robin Buckley,
3692:
3688:
3676:
3672:
3662:Kristen Hicks,
3658:
3654:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3507:
3506:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3415:. July 23, 2017
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3331:, pp. 8–9.
3327:
3323:
3319:, pp. 2–3.
3315:
3311:
3304:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3164:
3157:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3042:
3041:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2916:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2642:Navarro, Marysa
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2569:
2561:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2406:photo from 1986
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:, pp. 5–6.
2355:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2056:
2045:
2041:, pp. 8–9.
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1948:"Club movement"
1946:
1945:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:, p. 1050.
1676:
1672:
1668:, p. 1048.
1664:
1660:
1656:, p. 1046.
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1508:
1503:
1302:
1296:
1264:
1258:
1236:(NWSA) and the
1199:
1193:
1166:
1160:
1140:
1101:juvenile courts
1097:
1066:
1061:
1001:
995:
983:Margaret Sanger
941:Anna Herr Clise
937:
917:
874:Monument Valley
786:
751:
695:nursery schools
680:
674:of Montgomery.
615:
607:Progressive era
603:
540:Shirlee Haizlip
515:
495:
463:Progressive era
431:
382:. In 1896, the
357:social standing
288:
138:
124:
102:Progressive era
98:
90:family planning
58:Progressive era
50:social movement
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8261:
8259:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8220:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8199:
8193:
8189:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8149:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8104:
8102:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8088:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8047:
8041:
8039:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8027:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7937:
7935:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7922:
7916:
7914:
7913:South Carolina
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7901:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7811:
7809:
7808:North Carolina
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7693:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7525:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7478:
7473:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7358:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7296:
7294:Wilfandel Club
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7259:Francisca Club
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6932:
6924:
6913:
6907:
6900:
6899:External links
6897:
6896:
6895:
6888:
6877:Library Bureau
6868:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6848:
6833:
6796:
6775:
6769:
6752:
6746:
6731:
6725:
6710:
6673:
6632:
6616:
6587:
6581:
6566:
6560:
6543:
6502:
6496:
6481:
6436:
6410:(2): 158–167.
6399:
6376:
6362:
6356:
6341:
6335:
6320:
6302:
6296:
6281:
6275:
6258:
6229:
6223:
6208:
6167:
6161:
6148:
6137:
6126:
6120:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6078:
6047:
6016:
5988:
5960:
5927:
5894:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5802:
5776:
5764:
5741:
5739:, p. 638.
5726:
5694:
5682:
5680:, p. 203.
5670:
5644:
5613:
5598:
5568:
5553:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5471:
5440:
5428:
5416:
5414:, p. 538.
5404:
5378:
5366:
5354:
5341:
5329:
5317:
5306:on May 7, 2016
5287:
5261:
5230:
5223:
5203:
5177:
5147:
5121:
5088:
5076:
5074:, p. 202.
5061:
5045:
5028:
5026:, p. 164.
5016:
4978:
4963:
4948:
4936:
4924:
4912:
4897:
4871:
4840:
4810:
4808:, p. 201.
4798:
4786:
4771:
4759:
4742:
4730:
4694:
4677:
4675:, p. 104.
4665:
4663:, p. 102.
4650:
4638:
4623:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4557:
4527:
4515:
4479:
4445:
4433:
4407:
4377:
4362:
4332:
4320:
4291:
4279:
4267:
4250:
4248:, p. 537.
4235:
4223:
4221:, p. 536.
4211:
4199:
4166:
4135:
4102:
4071:
4041:
4013:
3985:
3959:
3931:
3903:
3872:
3870:, p. 124.
3860:
3848:
3817:
3815:, p. 636.
3802:
3787:
3772:
3753:
3738:
3704:
3686:
3670:
3652:
3636:
3606:
3594:
3563:
3530:
3495:
3459:
3426:
3400:
3364:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3302:
3282:
3250:
3220:
3192:
3162:
3155:
3135:
3102:
3066:
3043:Wada, Kayomi.
3028:
3024:Hendricks 1998
3016:
3001:
2989:
2987:, p. 232.
2985:Zackodnik 2010
2974:
2972:, p. 161.
2962:
2947:
2929:
2914:
2894:
2892:, p. 229.
2882:
2849:
2847:, p. 160.
2837:
2835:, p. 492.
2825:
2810:
2798:
2783:
2771:
2736:
2706:
2676:
2661:
2654:
2628:
2596:
2594:, p. 101.
2584:
2582:, p. 235.
2567:
2538:
2521:
2496:
2478:
2464:
2433:
2421:
2419:, p. 129.
2409:
2379:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2261:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2195:, p. 152.
2185:
2172:
2160:
2130:
2128:, p. 119.
2118:
2097:
2062:
2043:
2031:
2019:
1981:
1979:, p. 3–4.
1969:
1930:
1900:
1870:
1858:
1832:
1820:
1787:
1753:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1692:, p. 637.
1682:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1613:
1606:
1588:
1581:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:Francisca Club
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1298:Main article:
1295:
1292:
1260:Main article:
1257:
1254:
1192:
1189:
1185:Savoy Ballroom
1174:tight clothing
1170:around corsets
1159:
1156:
1139:
1136:
1132:age of consent
1096:
1093:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
994:
991:
968:drinking water
936:
933:
925:waste disposal
916:
913:
885:PEO Sisterhood
785:
782:
762:Stephen Foster
750:
747:
679:
676:
614:
611:
602:
599:
579:Belizean Grove
514:
511:
494:
491:
430:
427:
363:Black colleges
351:and into more
325:13th Amendment
317:The North Star
287:
284:
247:socks, rolled
123:
120:
97:
94:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8260:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8243:Women's clubs
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8197:
8194:
8190:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8166:
8156:
8155:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8140:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8124:Sulgrave Club
8122:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8093:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8083:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8056:
8052:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7951:Ossoli Circle
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7890:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7755:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7619:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:Massachusetts
7557:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7483:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7249:Ebell Society
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7234:Beverly Hills
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7065:Junior League
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6989:
6988:Women's clubs
6982:
6977:
6975:
6970:
6968:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6753:
6749:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6732:
6728:
6726:9780549840275
6722:
6718:
6717:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6633:
6629:
6622:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6490:. Routledge.
6489:
6488:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6400:
6389:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6369:
6363:
6359:
6357:9780252072932
6353:
6349:
6348:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6308:
6303:
6299:
6297:0-253-33447-0
6293:
6289:
6288:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6216:
6215:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6168:
6164:
6162:0-87404-061-2
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6127:
6123:
6121:0-415-21945-0
6117:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6051:
6048:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6017:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5870:
5867:
5864:, p. 26.
5863:
5858:
5855:
5852:, p. 31.
5851:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5838:Merchant 1984
5834:
5831:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5692:, p. 39.
5691:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5671:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5614:
5611:, p. 40.
5610:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5566:, p. 36.
5565:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5549:Flanagan 1990
5545:
5543:
5539:
5536:, p. 77.
5535:
5530:
5527:
5524:, p. 49.
5523:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5475:
5472:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5441:
5438:, p. 80.
5437:
5432:
5429:
5426:, p. 76.
5425:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5393:
5389:
5382:
5379:
5376:, p. 74.
5375:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5327:, p. 82.
5326:
5321:
5318:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5262:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5207:
5204:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5178:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:, p. 38.
5085:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5017:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4974:Flanagan 1990
4970:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4952:
4949:
4946:, p. 45.
4945:
4940:
4937:
4934:, p. 36.
4933:
4928:
4925:
4922:, p. 32.
4921:
4916:
4913:
4910:, p. 63.
4909:
4908:Merchant 1984
4904:
4902:
4898:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4841:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4796:, p. 59.
4795:
4794:Merchant 1984
4790:
4787:
4784:, p. 33.
4783:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4769:, p. 62.
4768:
4767:Merchant 1984
4763:
4760:
4757:, p. 59.
4756:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4740:, p. 48.
4739:
4734:
4731:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4692:, p. 58.
4691:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4621:, p. 59.
4620:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4606:, p. 46.
4605:
4600:
4597:
4594:, p. 33.
4593:
4588:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4558:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4525:, p. 12.
4524:
4519:
4516:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4441:Flanagan 1990
4437:
4434:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4375:, p. 34.
4374:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4321:
4309:
4308:El Paso Times
4305:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4289:, p. 59.
4288:
4283:
4280:
4277:, p. 35.
4276:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4263:Flanagan 1990
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4212:
4209:, p. 22.
4208:
4203:
4200:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4106:
4103:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3891:
3887:
3886:BlackPast.org
3883:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3849:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:, p. 37.
3799:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3785:, p. 81.
3784:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3770:, p. 44.
3769:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3751:, p. 61.
3750:
3749:Merchant 1984
3745:
3743:
3739:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3637:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3604:, p. 62.
3603:
3598:
3595:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:"Croly Award"
3537:
3535:
3531:
3518:
3514:
3513:Visit Florida
3510:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3156:0-8147-8124-1
3152:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3136:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3049:BlackPast.org
3046:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3026:, p. 22.
3025:
3020:
3017:
3014:, p. 17.
3013:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:, p. 16.
2998:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2915:0-8103-4749-0
2911:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2823:, p. 19.
2822:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2808:, p. 45.
2807:
2802:
2799:
2796:, p. 15.
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2743:
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2716:
2710:
2707:
2694:
2690:
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2680:
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2673:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2398:September 27,
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2311:, p. 80.
2310:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2219:, p. 79.
2218:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2170:, p. 57.
2169:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2080:Durand-Hedden
2077:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:, p. 56.
2059:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1868:, p. 62.
1867:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1830:, p. 32.
1829:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1758:
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1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:Flanagan 1990
1674:
1671:
1667:
1666:Flanagan 1990
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:Flanagan 1990
1650:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:9780807152171
1603:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1582:9781317471622
1578:
1574:
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1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Sulgrave Club
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Ebell Society
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1294:Notable clubs
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1245:
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1221:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:Prison reform
1137:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:labor strikes
1077:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1005:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
987:radio program
984:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
914:
912:
909:
905:
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896:
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890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
802:
795:
790:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
768:century. The
765:
763:
759:
758:
749:Art and music
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
716:
712:
707:
705:
700:
696:
692:
691:Kindergartens
688:
685:
684:school boards
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:desegregation
660:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
600:
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588:
584:
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553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
519:
510:
508:
503:
499:
490:
488:
482:
480:
476:
472:
467:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
396:
392:
389:
388:anti-lynching
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
321:
319:
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313:
309:
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292:
285:
283:
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268:
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238:
233:
231:
227:
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214:
211:
205:
202:
196:
194:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
133:
128:
121:
119:
115:
112:
108:
103:
95:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
65:
63:
59:
55:
54:United States
51:
47:
39:
34:
30:
19:
8152:
8142:Publications
8045:Mount Vernon
7904:Plastic Club
7892:Pennsylvania
7665:East Glacier
6916:
6891:
6872:
6864:
6838:
6804:
6800:
6783:
6779:
6760:
6736:
6715:
6681:
6677:
6647:(2): 29–49.
6644:
6640:
6627:
6595:
6591:
6571:
6551:
6517:(2): 59–62.
6514:
6510:
6486:
6447:(1): 57–85.
6444:
6440:
6407:
6403:
6391:. Retrieved
6387:
6367:
6346:
6325:
6313:
6286:
6266:
6237:
6233:
6213:
6179:
6175:
6152:
6142:
6131:
6110:
6090:
6081:
6071:February 13,
6069:. Retrieved
6065:the original
6060:
6050:
6040:February 13,
6038:. Retrieved
6034:the original
6029:
6019:
6009:February 13,
6007:. Retrieved
6000:
5991:
5981:February 13,
5979:. Retrieved
5972:
5963:
5953:February 13,
5951:. Retrieved
5947:the original
5942:
5920:February 11,
5918:. Retrieved
5914:the original
5909:
5885:. Retrieved
5879:
5869:
5857:
5850:Sherman 1906
5845:
5833:
5823:February 13,
5821:. Retrieved
5814:
5805:
5793:. Retrieved
5788:
5779:
5767:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5721:the original
5716:
5712:
5690:Sherman 1906
5685:
5673:
5661:. Retrieved
5656:
5647:
5635:. Retrieved
5631:the original
5626:
5616:
5609:Sherman 1906
5591:February 19,
5589:. Retrieved
5585:the original
5580:
5571:
5529:
5522:Sherman 1906
5517:
5512:, p. 5.
5510:Johnson n.d.
5505:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:the original
5484:
5474:
5464:February 19,
5462:. Retrieved
5458:the original
5453:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5412:Stewart 1908
5407:
5395:. Retrieved
5391:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5349:
5344:
5320:
5310:February 10,
5308:. Retrieved
5304:the original
5299:
5290:
5278:. Retrieved
5274:
5264:
5252:. Retrieved
5248:the original
5243:
5233:
5213:
5206:
5196:February 12,
5194:. Retrieved
5190:
5180:
5170:February 10,
5168:. Retrieved
5164:the original
5159:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5133:
5124:
5114:February 10,
5112:. Retrieved
5108:the original
5103:
5084:Sherman 1906
5079:
5048:
5038:
5031:
5019:
5007:. Retrieved
5003:the original
4999:History Link
4998:
4957:
4951:
4944:Kaufman 2006
4939:
4932:Kaufman 2006
4927:
4920:Kaufman 2006
4915:
4888:. Retrieved
4883:
4874:
4862:. Retrieved
4858:the original
4853:
4843:
4831:. Retrieved
4827:the original
4822:
4813:
4801:
4789:
4782:Kaufman 2006
4762:
4738:Sherman 1906
4733:
4723:February 13,
4721:. Retrieved
4717:the original
4713:Ruidoso News
4712:
4673:Knupfer 2006
4668:
4661:Knupfer 2006
4641:
4604:Sherman 1906
4599:
4592:Sherman 1906
4587:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4550:February 10,
4548:. Retrieved
4544:the original
4539:
4530:
4523:Johnson n.d.
4518:
4508:February 13,
4506:. Retrieved
4502:the original
4497:
4470:. Retrieved
4466:the original
4461:
4436:
4426:February 13,
4424:. Retrieved
4419:
4410:
4400:February 11,
4398:. Retrieved
4394:the original
4389:
4380:
4373:Sherman 1906
4353:. Retrieved
4349:the original
4345:TAWC History
4344:
4335:
4323:
4311:. Retrieved
4307:
4282:
4275:Sherman 1906
4270:
4246:Stewart 1908
4226:
4219:Stewart 1908
4214:
4202:
4192:February 11,
4190:. Retrieved
4186:the original
4181:
4159:February 19,
4157:. Retrieved
4153:the original
4149:Facing South
4148:
4138:
4128:February 19,
4126:. Retrieved
4121:
4117:
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4089:the original
4084:
4074:
4064:February 19,
4062:. Retrieved
4058:the original
4053:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4025:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
3997:
3988:
3976:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3944:
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3915:
3906:
3896:February 11,
3894:. Retrieved
3890:the original
3885:
3875:
3863:
3858:, p. 9.
3851:
3841:February 20,
3839:. Retrieved
3835:the original
3830:
3820:
3798:Sherman 1906
3768:Sherman 1906
3731:February 13,
3729:. Retrieved
3725:the original
3720:
3699:Entrepreneur
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:Fast Company
3663:
3655:
3647:
3646:Andrea Uku,
3639:
3629:February 28,
3627:. Retrieved
3623:the original
3618:
3609:
3597:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:the original
3576:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:the original
3545:
3521:. Retrieved
3517:the original
3512:
3486:. Retrieved
3482:the original
3475:
3451:the original
3446:
3442:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3412:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3387:the original
3380:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3346:
3336:
3324:
3317:Johnson n.d.
3312:
3292:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:
3241:. Retrieved
3237:
3211:. Retrieved
3207:
3183:. Retrieved
3179:
3145:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:the original
3117:
3095:February 13,
3093:. Retrieved
3089:the original
3084:
3059:February 11,
3057:. Retrieved
3053:the original
3048:
3019:
2992:
2965:
2938:
2932:
2904:
2897:
2890:Mjagkij 2001
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2864:
2840:
2833:Mjagkij 2001
2828:
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2758:the original
2753:
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2645:
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2559:the original
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2084:the original
2079:
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2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2001:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:the original
1951:
1923:February 10,
1921:. Retrieved
1917:the original
1912:
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1893:February 10,
1891:. Retrieved
1887:the original
1882:
1873:
1861:
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1849:. Retrieved
1844:
1835:
1828:Sherman 1906
1823:
1813:February 10,
1811:. Retrieved
1807:the original
1802:
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1774:the original
1769:
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1740:the original
1735:
1716:, p. 4.
1714:Seaholm 1998
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1633:the original
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1265:
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1164:Dress reform
1141:
1128:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1095:Legal reform
1078:
1067:
1038:
1030:
1026:Melvil Dewey
1014:
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904:Mount Vernon
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619:civil rights
616:
613:Civil rights
604:
573:, including
568:
557:
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504:
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496:
487:gender roles
483:
479:World War II
468:
460:
440:universities
432:
412:
401:
367:Ida B. Wells
361:
346:
334:yellow fever
330:bank failure
322:
315:
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280:
269:
265:World War II
234:
229:
225:
220:created the
215:
206:
197:
188:middle-class
185:
166:
162:
143:
116:
99:
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29:
8168:Conventions
8017:San Antonio
8012:Lyceum Club
7774:Colony Club
7748:Silver City
7697:Kalmia Club
7637:Mississippi
7254:Ebell of LA
7193:Casa Grande
6598:(1): 3–22.
6393:February 4,
5887:January 21,
5862:Tolson 2008
5737:Winter 1921
5678:Decker 1906
5564:Tolson 2008
5534:Watson 2003
5495:February 6,
5436:Watson 2003
5424:Watson 2003
5397:February 4,
5374:Watson 2003
5362:Watson 2003
5325:Watson 2003
5280:January 23,
5254:January 23,
5140:January 18,
5072:Decker 1906
5039:New Outlook
5024:Lerner 1974
5009:January 28,
4890:February 8,
4864:February 6,
4833:February 6,
4806:Decker 1906
4755:Hansen 2003
4690:Hansen 2003
4646:Rabaka 2012
4634:Rabaka 2012
4472:February 4,
4355:February 4,
4313:February 6,
4287:Rabaka 2012
4231:Decker 1906
4095:February 4,
4034:January 11,
4006:January 11,
3978:January 11,
3952:January 11,
3924:January 11,
3868:Parker 2010
3813:Winter 1921
3783:Watson 2003
3602:Hansen 2003
3587:February 9,
3556:February 9,
3523:February 8,
3488:February 9,
3419:February 8,
3393:February 9,
3357:February 8,
3128:February 8,
2970:Lerner 1974
2875:February 5,
2845:Lerner 1974
2806:Rabaka 2012
2764:January 26,
2699:February 2,
2592:Dunbar 2008
2417:Parker 2010
2345:Rabaka 2012
2333:Tolson 2008
2297:Decker 1906
2193:Turner 1997
2168:Hansen 2003
2153:February 9,
2126:Parker 2010
2090:February 6,
2058:Hansen 2003
2012:January 28,
1962:January 26,
1780:February 4,
1746:February 9,
1690:Winter 1921
1639:January 26,
1122:passed the
1116:citizenship
1070:child labor
814:playgrounds
583:The Riveter
560:Colony Club
475:World War I
415:World War I
353:urban areas
237:World War I
175:groups and
169:antislavery
139: 1920
132:Minneapolis
74:child labor
8222:Categories
8054:Washington
8002:Fort Worth
7743:Las Cruces
7733:Alamogordo
7726:New Mexico
7712:Rutherford
7702:Morristown
7690:New Jersey
7628:Saint Paul
7476:Des Moines
7315:Wilmington
7217:California
7003:Nationwide
6875:, Boston:
6182:(2): 1–6.
5795:January 9,
5663:January 9,
5637:January 7,
5055:, p.
5053:Croly 1898
4619:Moore 1906
4207:Scott 1990
4124:(1): 32–42
3012:Scott 1990
2997:Scott 1990
2957:1067196558
2821:Scott 1990
2794:Scott 1990
2779:Scott 1990
2685:"Timeline"
2672:Scott 1990
2534:Scott 1990
2205:Croly 1898
2114:Scott 1990
2039:Croly 1898
1977:Croly 1898
1866:Moore 1906
1799:"About Us"
1553:References
1256:Temperance
1195:See also:
1162:See also:
1085:sweatshops
997:See also:
915:Sanitation
818:cemeteries
774:Etta Moten
623:immigrants
173:temperance
70:temperance
62:Protestant
8092:Wauwatosa
8085:Wisconsin
7934:Tennessee
7883:Town Club
7815:Charlotte
7738:Carrizozo
7621:Minnesota
7522:Louisiana
7455:Vincennes
7331:Bradenton
7289:San Pedro
7177:Anchorage
6829:144923534
6807:: 78–87.
6706:188530021
6669:144224361
6539:144847807
6461:1053-4180
6432:148077982
6204:220838509
3329:Lang 2005
2357:Lang 2005
1702:Lang 2005
1558:Citations
993:Libraries
780:in 1927.
678:Education
575:AllBright
471:Red Cross
253:war bonds
241:Red Cross
201:Victorian
193:Galveston
40:, c. 1899
8066:Longview
8061:Kirkland
8038:Virginia
7840:Oklahoma
7757:New York
7707:Red Bank
7605:Michigan
7538:Maryland
7529:Era Club
7506:Kentucky
7407:Illinois
7382:Tennille
7377:Demorest
7303:Delaware
7269:La Jolla
7198:Glendale
6941:Archived
6885:7206948M
6792:25120874
6698:42816821
6477:84888548
4579:23935699
3275:April 2,
3243:April 2,
3213:April 2,
3185:April 2,
2924:24468213
2229:Lee 2009
2027:Lee 2009
1506:See also
1448:(SCRCWC)
1280:gambling
1216:botanist
1191:Suffrage
1172:and how
1051:and the
956:abattoir
834:forestry
822:reforest
713:and the
653:lynching
587:The Wing
436:archives
249:bandages
228:and the
171:groups,
148:and the
86:lynching
8101:Wyoming
8071:Olympia
7997:El Paso
7868:Ashland
7794:Sorosis
7658:Montana
7566:Chilton
7443:Indiana
7355:Georgia
7324:Florida
7310:Milford
7274:Lincoln
7208:Willcox
7186:Arizona
7154:Alabama
6920:in the
6821:1011981
6661:1010956
6612:2210662
6531:1010958
6469:3984521
6424:2717327
6254:2163477
6196:1010954
6102:Sources
4884:NPS.gov
2555:Harvard
1770:SF Gate
1441:Sorosis
1276:alcohol
1220:Sorosis
1158:Fashion
854:Sequoia
826:logging
473:during
300:slavery
263:. When
245:knitted
156:of the
146:Sorosis
122:History
8108:Casper
7878:Dundee
7861:Oregon
7831:Dayton
7674:Nevada
7485:Kansas
7391:Hawaii
7372:Dawson
7244:Corona
7170:Alaska
6883:
6846:
6827:
6819:
6790:
6767:
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6696:
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2652:
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1579:
1500:(YWCA)
1412:(NACW)
1270:. The
1059:Reform
1011:. 1899
935:Health
796:, 1898
601:Impact
454:, and
210:Jewish
48:was a
7960:Texas
7346:Miami
7336:Davie
6996:Clubs
6825:S2CID
6817:JSTOR
6788:JSTOR
6702:S2CID
6694:JSTOR
6665:S2CID
6657:JSTOR
6624:(PDF)
6608:JSTOR
6535:S2CID
6527:JSTOR
6473:S2CID
6465:JSTOR
6428:S2CID
6420:JSTOR
6384:(PDF)
6372:(PDF)
6310:(PDF)
6250:JSTOR
6200:S2CID
6192:JSTOR
4575:JSTOR
4118:Ebony
3454:(PDF)
3439:(PDF)
2562:(PDF)
2551:(PDF)
2404:with
1484:(WCC)
1064:Labor
591:Chief
96:About
8026:Utah
7824:Ohio
7464:Iowa
7203:Mesa
6910:GFWC
6844:ISBN
6765:ISBN
6742:ISBN
6721:ISBN
6577:ISBN
6556:ISBN
6492:ISBN
6457:ISSN
6395:2017
6352:ISBN
6331:ISBN
6292:ISBN
6271:ISBN
6219:ISBN
6157:ISBN
6116:ISBN
6073:2017
6042:2017
6011:2017
5983:2017
5955:2017
5922:2017
5889:2017
5825:2017
5797:2017
5665:2017
5639:2017
5593:2017
5497:2017
5466:2017
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5312:2017
5282:2017
5256:2017
5219:ISBN
5198:2017
5172:2017
5142:2017
5116:2017
5057:1046
5011:2017
4892:2023
4866:2017
4835:2017
4725:2017
4552:2017
4510:2017
4474:2017
4428:2017
4402:2016
4357:2017
4315:2017
4194:2017
4161:2017
4130:2017
4097:2017
4066:2017
4036:2017
4008:2017
3980:2017
3954:2017
3926:2017
3898:2017
3843:2017
3733:2017
3631:2017
3589:2017
3558:2017
3546:GFWC
3525:2017
3490:2017
3421:2017
3395:2017
3359:2017
3298:ISBN
3277:2018
3245:2018
3215:2018
3187:2018
3151:ISBN
3130:2017
3097:2017
3061:2017
2953:OCLC
2943:ISBN
2920:OCLC
2910:ISBN
2877:2017
2766:2017
2731:2017
2701:2017
2650:ISBN
2623:2017
2516:2019
2459:2017
2400:2023
2284:2017
2256:2017
2155:2017
2092:2017
2014:2017
1964:2017
1925:2017
1895:2017
1853:2017
1815:2017
1782:2017
1748:2017
1641:2017
1602:ISBN
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