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Historic blackwork embroidery is rare to find well-preserved, as the iron-based dye used to create the thread's black colour was corrosive, and there are currently no conservation techniques that can stop the decay. Black embroidery silk from outside
England, such as Spain, contained less iron in the
139:
European blackwork embroidery was preceded by Mamluk
Egyptian running stitch embroideries and Indian Kasuti. The key difference between these techniques and European blackwork is that they are often more colorful. Kasuti sometimes uses multiple colors in a piece, and Mamluk embroideries typically
119:
Historically, there were three common styles of blackwork. In the earliest forms of blackwork, counted stitches were worked to make a geometric or small floral pattern. Most modern blackwork is produced in this style, especially commercially produced patterns marketed for embroidery
348:
Blackwork remains popular as an embroidery technique. Common subjects among hobbyists include chessboards, maps, Tudor houses, roses and cats. Much of the success of a blackwork design using free embroidery depends on how tone values are translated into stitches.
127:
Later blackwork featured large designs of flowers, fruit, and other patterns connected by curvilinear stems. These were frequently not counted thread work, and were outlined with stem stitch, with the outlined patterns filled in with geometric counted designs.
298:
181:
brought many blackwork garments with her from Spain, and portraits of the later 15th and early 16th centuries show black embroidery or other trim on
Spanish chemises. However, black embroidery was known in England before 1500.
228:
281:
Blackwork sleeves with large free-stitched flowers filled with geometric patterns, under sheer linen oversleeves, and a counted blackwork forepart under her skirt. Portrait of Mary
Cornwallis by
326:
embroidered with silk and metallic thread, in a mix of counted and free-stitched stitches, including buttonhole, chain, double running, overcast, plaited braid, and square open work stitches.
244:
190:
describes the clothing of the miller's wife, Alison: "Of white, too, was the dainty smock she wore, embroidered at the collar all about with coal-black silk, alike within and out."
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In the third style of blackwork, the outlined patterns were "shaded" with random stitches called seed stitches. This style of blackwork imitates etchings or woodcuts.
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116:. Historically, blackwork was worked on plain-weave fabric. Modern embroiderers often use an even-weave fabric made especially for counted thread work.
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Blackwork in silk thread on linen was the most common domestic embroidery technique for clothing (shirts, smocks, sleeves,
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Today, the term "blackwork" is used to refer to the technique, rather than the precise colour used in the embroidery.
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of a fabric are counted for the length of each stitch, producing uniform-length stitches and a precise pattern on an
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Elizabeth I wearing free-stitched blackwork sleeves, stomacher, and collar (beneath a sheer linen ruff),
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black dye and so blackwork worked using non-English silk tends to survive in better condition.
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generally worked in black thread, although other colours are also used on occasion, as in
521:"Kasuti - Indian Origins of Blackwork - Maya Heath - 2012 | PDF | Embroidery | Textiles"
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A.J.B. Wace "debunked" the
Spanish origin in the 1930s, but if the black trim on these
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Blackwork embroidery on both an outer and inner collar. Portrait of Simon George by
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Counted stitch blackwork, 1530s (left), and free stitch blackwork, 1590s (right).
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55:, where the embroidery is worked in red thread. Most strongly associated with
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827:
Wace, A.J.B.: "English
Embroideries Belonging to Sir John Carew Pole, Bart",
587:
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fabric. Sometimes metallic threads or coloured threads are used for accents.
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were monochrome, but done in black, red, blue, green, and yellow.
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wears a chemise embroidered at the neckline and on the sleeves,
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546:"Egyptian Medieval Blackwork | PDF | Embroidery | Textile Arts"
27:
Technique of monochrome embroidery originating in Tudor
England
250:
Blackwork embroidery in
Holbein stitch. Detail of portrait of
177:. The common name "Spanish work" was based on the belief that
62:, blackwork typically, though not always, takes the form of a
882:
572:"English Embroideries Belonging to Sir John Carew Pole, Bart"
510:
Westport
Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007; p. 19
1070:
1063:
1056:
657:"Smock, 1575-85. English, embroidery silks probably Spanish"
81:, where the yarns of a fabric are not counted while sewing.
474:
is embroidery, this would support an early
Spanish origin.
201:, but lost popularity as a technique by the 17th century.
1342:
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Counted-thread geometric patterns in modern blackwork
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English blackwork cushion cover, late 16th century.
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104:The stitches used for counted thread blackwork are
793:New Anchor Book of Blackwork Embroidery Stitches
443:, an Italian form of counted-thread embroidery
1535:Fragments of a Cope with the Seven Sacraments
898:
8:
419:A visual love letter to blackwork embroidery
77:fabric. Blackwork may also take the form of
1475:Great Tapestry of Scotland: People's Panel
905:
891:
883:
800:Blackwork Embroidery: Design and Technique
703:Blackwork and Holbein Embroidery: Book Two
506:Leslie, Catherine Amoroso. "Blackwork" in
1668:Embroidery Software Protection Coalition
831:, 1932–33, Vol. XXI, p. 56, note 2.
613:. Art Institute of Chicago Museum Shop.
611:Textiles in the Art Institute of Chicago
761:, Batsford, 1976; Dover reprint, 1998,
499:
458:
354:
212:
712:, Leeds: W S Maney and Son Ltd, 1988.
705:, Self-Published; Second edition 1981.
222:Geometric scarletwork, Venice, 1520s.
84:Traditionally, blackwork is worked in
1765:History of clothing (Western fashion)
802:, B T Batsford Ltd; 2nd edition 1990.
750:Geddes, Elizabeth and Moyra McNeill.
7:
878:Introduction to Blackwork Embroidery
165:Historically, blackwork was used on
1688:Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum
710:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
679:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
773:Blackwork (Essential Stitch Guide)
740:. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964.
733:, Guild of Master Craftsman, 2000.
609:Thurman, Christa C. Mayer (1992).
25:
576:The Volume of the Walpole Society
364:Framed Celtic design in blackwork
1770:Embroidery in the United Kingdom
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369:
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315:
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269:in geometric scarletwork, 1550s.
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106:double running or holbein stitch
43:, sometimes historically termed
1572:Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty
780:Embroidery Ideas from Blackwork
745:The Art of Blackwork Embroidery
1693:Han Sang Soo Embroidery Museum
1663:Embroiderers' Guild of America
1617:Charles Germain de Saint Aubin
843:Traditional Blackwork Samplers
696:Reversible Blackwork: Book One
1:
1673:Needlework Development Scheme
863:A Blackwork Embroidery Primer
836:Beginner's Guide to Blackwork
305:
286:
155:
88:thread on white or off-white
1562:Shahin Ebrahimzadeh-Pezeshki
850:The Art of English blackwork
807:Complete Guide to Needlework
795:, David & Charles, 2005.
782:, Kangaroo Press Ltd., 1999.
659:. Victoria and Albert Museum
637:. Victoria and Albert Museum
1683:Wemyss School of Needlework
1493:Magna Carta (An Embroidery)
1343:
1332:
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754:, Dover Publications, 1976.
1786:
1678:Royal School of Needlework
1529:Scottish Diaspora Tapestry
1470:Great Tapestry of Scotland
508:Encyclopedia of Needlework
1627:Dimitri Vlachos - Castano
1545:Designersand embroiderers
1054:
787:Made in France: Blackwork
747:, Mills & Boon, 1975.
736:Digby, George Wingfield.
731:Blackwork: A New Approach
147:Early Spanish blackwork:
64:counted-thread embroidery
1658:Embroiderers' Guild (UK)
1651:Organizationsand museums
1499:Margaret Layton's jacket
328:Art Institute of Chicago
236:Hans Holbein the Younger
852:, J.D. Zimmerman, 1996.
698:, Self-Published; 1978.
635:"Linen jacket, 1615-20"
570:Wace, A. J. B. (1932).
471:chemises from the 1470s
1582:Marilyn Leavitt-Imblum
1239:Regionaland historical
1114:Couching and laid work
1075:
1068:
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873:Holbein Stitch Diagram
829:Walpole Society Annual
824:Sherwood Studio, 1993.
822:Why call it blackwork?
789:, Murdoch Books, 2010.
738:Elizabethan Embroidery
472:
345:
209:16th-century blackwork
169:, shirts or smocks in
162:
79:free-stitch embroidery
37:
1622:Mary Elizabeth Turner
1074:
1067:
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868:Blackwork for Costume
845:, Search Press, 2004.
838:, Search Press, 2002.
775:, Search Press, 2011.
726:, Search Press, 1999.
470:
343:
146:
35:
1519:Prestonpans Tapestry
752:Blackwork Embroidery
743:Drysdale, Rosemary.
485:1550–1600 in fashion
18:Blackwork Embroidery
1760:Embroidery stitches
1509:Overlord Embroidery
1482:Hastings Embroidery
1178:Tools and materials
848:Zimmerman, Jane D.
330:textile collection.
179:Catherine of Aragon
1504:New World Tapestry
1455:Butler-Bowden Cope
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798:Pascoe, Margaret.
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436:English embroidery
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38:
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1612:Tetiana Protcheva
1195:Embroidery thread
1124:Embroidery stitch
993:Drawn thread work
948:Broderie anglaise
841:Wilkins, Lesley.
834:Wilkins, Lesley.
820:Scoular, Marion.
722:Barnett, Lesley.
447:Kasuti embroidery
441:Assisi embroidery
254:by Holbein, 1537.
173:from the time of
45:Spanish blackwork
16:(Redirected from
1777:
1577:Constance Howard
1514:Oxburgh Hangings
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1205:Perforated paper
963:Clare embroidery
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805:Reader's Digest
757:Gostelow, Mary.
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677:Arnold, Janet,
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184:Geoffrey Chaucer
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1487:Hestia tapestry
1465:Bradford carpet
1460:Bayeux Tapestry
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1414:Opus Anglicanum
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1190:Embroidery hoop
1173:
1164:Straight stitch
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785:Lucano, Sonia.
778:Langford, Pat.
708:Arnold, Janet:
701:Altherr, Ilse.
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1637:Erica Wilson
1533:
1491:
1448:Embroideries
1424:Sewed muslin
1377:Mountmellick
1345:Bunka shishu
1261:Bunka shishu
1149:Satin stitch
1109:Chain stitch
978:Cross-stitch
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283:George Gower
252:Jane Seymour
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66:, where the
57:Tudor period
52:
44:
40:
39:
29:
1592:Ann Macbeth
1557:Leon Conrad
1552:Emilie Bach
1334:Kogin-zashi
1169:Tent stitch
1018:Needlepoint
938:Berlin work
681:, pp. 40–41
555:4 September
530:4 September
309: 1590
290: 1580
199:Elizabeth I
159: 1505
114:stem stitch
53:scarletwork
1755:Embroidery
1749:Categories
1729:Needlework
1642:Lily Yeats
1597:May Morris
1439:Vyshyvanka
1434:Vietnamese
1372:Macedonian
1210:Plainweave
1185:Aida cloth
1104:Buttonhole
1089:Backstitch
914:Embroidery
663:26 October
641:26 October
494:References
406:Derbyshire
377:Chessboard
175:Henry VIII
110:backstitch
75:even-weave
49:embroidery
1429:Ukrainian
1281:Cantonese
1256:Brazilian
1200:Evenweave
1048:Whitework
1033:Stumpwork
1023:Quillwork
1003:Hardanger
943:Blackwork
759:Blackwork
724:Blackwork
588:0141-0016
582:: 43–65.
483:See also
161:, Toledo.
149:Borgoña's
122:hobbyists
100:Technique
41:Blackwork
1734:Quilting
1719:Knitting
1709:Appliqué
1318:Jacobean
1139:Parisian
1082:Stitches
1028:Smocking
998:Goldwork
933:Bargello
809:, 1979,
596:41830348
425:See also
167:chemises
1714:Crochet
1702:Related
1419:Rushnyk
1407:Zardozi
1387:Persian
1325:Sashiko
1313:Islamic
1303:English
1286:Sichuan
1276:Chinese
1266:Burmese
1251:Balochi
1220:Sampler
1154:Sashiko
1144:Running
1134:Holbein
1094:Blanket
1038:Surface
1013:Machine
988:Darning
983:Cutwork
404:Map of
391:Sampler
238:, 1535.
186:in the
171:England
135:History
60:England
1402:Sistan
1397:Sermeh
1367:Korean
1362:Kasuti
1357:Kantha
1352:Kaitag
1308:Indian
1291:Suzhou
1271:Chikan
1159:Shisha
1043:Suzani
1008:Hedebo
973:Crewel
928:Assisi
921:Styles
813:
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716:
617:
594:
586:
550:Scribd
525:Scribd
94:cotton
1392:Rasht
1296:Xiang
592:JSTOR
453:Notes
324:Linen
195:ruffs
90:linen
71:yarns
1724:Lace
1230:Yarn
1225:Slip
811:ISBN
763:ISBN
714:ISBN
665:2012
643:2012
615:ISBN
584:ISSN
557:2024
532:2024
86:silk
1099:Box
92:or
1751::
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306:c.
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108:,
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
