347:
317:, one that Blalock had conceived years earlier for a different purpose but which had the unanticipated effect of re-routing blood to the lungs. The operation involved the joining of the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery. After meeting with Taussig, the two men set about perfecting the operation in the animal lab, with Thomas performing the subclavian-to-pulmonary anastomosis alone in some 200 laboratory dogs, then adapting the instruments for the first human surgery from those used on the experimental animals and coaching Blalock through the first 100 operations on infants.
25:
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313:, Taussig carefully described the anomaly of Tetralogy of Fallot, but made no suggestion about the specific surgical correction required, observing merely that it should be possible to get more blood to the lungs, "as a plumber changes pipes around." Although Taussig was not aware of it at that time, Blalock and Thomas had already experimented with such an
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272:) is sewn between either the subclavian or the carotid artery and the corresponding side branch of the pulmonary artery. This modification removes the need to cut off blood supply and makes it easier to regulate the blood flow to the lungs. Some centers now use a shunt directly from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, a
324:
and the late
William P. Longmire, Jr., intern and resident respectively during the surgery) has led to the recent conclusion that Thomas' contribution, both experimentally and clinically, was so critical that he should have received credit for the procedure along with Blalock and Taussig. However,
263:
While the originally described
Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt directly connected the subclavian and pulmonary arteries, in contemporary practice a modified version of the procedure, the mBTT shunt, is more commonly used. In the modified Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt, a length of artificial tubing
325:
because of the racial prejudices of the time, and the academic custom which generally precluded mention of non-degreed lab assistants (Thomas had no formal education beyond high school), he did not receive the honor of having the shunt named after him. The 2004 HBO television movie
243:. In modern practice, this procedure is temporarily used to direct blood flow to the lungs and relieve cyanosis while the infant is waiting for corrective or definitive surgery when their heart is larger. The BTT shunt is used in the first step of the three-stage palliation (the
304:(PDA) lived longer than those without the PDA. It, therefore, seemed to her that a shunt that mimicked the function of a PDA might relieve the tetralogy patients' poor oxygenation. In 1943, having broached the possibility of a surgical solution to
300:(1910–1985) who was at that time Blalock's laboratory assistant. They all helped to develop the procedure. Taussig, who treated hundreds of infants and children with this disorder, had observed that children with a cyanotic heart defect and a
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of Boston without success, Taussig approached
Blalock and Thomas in their Hopkins laboratory in 1943. According to the account of the original consultation between the three provided in Vivien Thomas' 1985 autobiography
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writer Katie McCabe's 1989 article of the same name, was made about his role in the historic Blue Baby surgery, as was the 2003 public television documentary
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Pioneering
Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock
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Thomas' autobiographical account, corroborated by the participants in the early tetralogy operations (
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Modified
Blalock–Thomas–Taussig Shunt connecting right subclavian artery to pulmonary artery
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Blalock–Thomas-Taussig Shunt – left subclavian artery to left pulmonary artery.
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Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt – A) original procedure – B) modified procedure
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Partners of the Heart: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred
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Yuan, Shi-Min; Shinfeld, Amihay; Raanani, Ehud (March 2009).
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Alahmadi, Mohamed H.; Bishop, Michael A. (2023-10-14).
231:. The procedure involves connecting a branch of the
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296:, cardiologist, Baltimore/Boston (1898–1986) and
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
573:, by Vivien T. Thomas (originally published as
371:Blake, Kathleen; Yancy, Clyde W. (2022-04-01).
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577:), University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
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647:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
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743:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
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513:"The Blalock and Taussig Shunt Revisited"
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
786:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
886:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
431:"Modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Shunt"
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342:
424:
422:
88:
1016:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
755:enlargement of existing septal defect
292:, surgeon, Culloden, GA (1899–1964),
288:The original procedure was named for
7:
750:production of septal defect in heart
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504:
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1605:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
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1600:Isolated organ perfusion technique
847:transposition of the great vessels
772:creation of septal defect in heart
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1147:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
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478:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2008.00758.x
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280:associated with the mBTT shunt.
112:Blalock–Taussig shunt, BTT shunt
23:
1663:Digital subtraction angiography
1154:Left atrial appendage occlusion
1688:Magnetic resonance angiography
1:
1795:Pediatric surgical procedures
1759:Ankle–brachial pressure index
1276:Radionuclide ventriculography
517:Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia
227:, which are common causes of
1800:Thoracic surgical procedures
1569:Endovascular aneurysm repair
1261:Myocardial perfusion imaging
201:Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt
92:Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt
461:"The Blalock–Taussig shunt"
207:), previously known as the
1816:
868:for univentricular defect
465:Journal of Cardiac Surgery
389:10.1001/jamasurg.2021.5611
1368:
1208:Implantable loop recorder
852:Arterial switch operation
642:Interventional cardiology
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186:
159:subclavian steal syndrome
96:
16:Cardiac surgery procedure
1790:Congenital heart defects
1729:Intravascular ultrasound
1683:Radionuclide angiography
1287:Coronary catheterization
777:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
738:Mitral valve replacement
721:Aortic valve replacement
302:patent ductus arteriosus
217:congenital heart disease
32:This article includes a
1734:Carotid ultrasonography
1678:Fluorescein angiography
1283:Cardiac catheterization
1225:Electrophysiology study
1125:Radiofrequency ablation
1090:Alcohol septal ablation
328:Something the Lord Made
61:more precise citations.
1713:Impedance phlebography
1590:Cardiopulmonary bypass
1498:Ambulatory phlebectomy
1466:Carotid endarterectomy
1329:Impedance cardiography
951:Coronary artery bypass
339:Partners of the Heart.
260:
123:Cardiothoracic surgery
1360:Transcutaneous pacing
1164:Heart transplantation
1085:Ventricular reduction
901:Blalock–Taussig shunt
530:10.4103/aca.ACA_80_17
311:Partners of the Heart
258:
209:Blalock–Taussig Shunt
1668:Cerebral angiography
1429:Endovascular surgery
1334:Ballistocardiography
891:systemic circulation
278:coronary circulation
264:typically made from
1627:Seldinger technique
1622:First rib resection
1574:Open aortic surgery
1213:Cardiac stress test
1191:Electrocardiography
1130:Pacemaker insertion
877:Kawashima procedure
841:compound procedures
716:Aortic valve repair
689:Mitral valve repair
225:tetralogy of Fallot
182:Classical, modified
137:tetralogy of Fallot
1266:Cardiovascular MRI
1196:Vectorcardiography
1051:Pericardial window
1046:Pericardiocentesis
987:Drug-eluting stent
816:Rastelli procedure
765:Balloon septostomy
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229:blue baby syndrome
157:, shunt stenosis,
34:list of references
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1115:Catheter ablation
1098:Conduction system
1023:LeCompte maneuver
1011:Bentall procedure
872:Norwood procedure
862:Senning procedure
857:Mustard procedure
760:Atrial septostomy
711:Valve replacement
245:Norwood procedure
233:subclavian artery
221:pulmonary atresia
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133:Pulmonary atresia
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241:pulmonary artery
190:edit on Wikidata
155:pulmonary oedema
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669:Heart valves
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53:Please help
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1708:Portography
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1655:Angiography
1541:Arteriotomy
1456:Atherectomy
1451:Angioplasty
1297:Cardiac PET
1040:Pericardium
1004:Atherectomy
942:Angioplasty
684:Valvulotomy
331:, based on
315:anastomosis
169:Thoracotomy
147:Chylothorax
109:Other names
67:August 2020
59:introducing
1779:Categories
1754:Angioscopy
1722:Ultrasound
1700:Venography
1560:dissection
1546:Phlebotomy
1292:Cardiac CT
1159:Cardiotomy
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832:Sano shunt
622:procedures
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435:StatPearls
358:References
274:Sano shunt
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539:0974-5181
487:1540-8191
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270:Gore-tex
219:such as
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165:Approach
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239:to the
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409:S2CID
188:[
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