765:
777:
753:
715:
98:
73:
727:
808:
900:
741:
49:
917:, known as "soapberry toxins". Hypoglycin A is found in both the seeds and the arils, while hypoglycin B is found only in the seeds. Minimal quantities of the toxin are found in the ripe arils. In the unripe fruit, depending on the season and exposure to the sun, the concentrations may be up to 10 to 100 times greater.
792:
There are up to as many as forty-eight cultivars of ackee, which are grouped into either "butter" or "cheese" types. The cheese type is pale yellow in color and is more robust and finds use in the canning industry. The butter type is deeper yellow in color, and is more delicate and better suited for
986:
In 2011, it was found that as the fruit ripens, the seeds act as a sink whereby the hypoglycin A in the arils convert to hypoglycin B in the seeds. In other words, the seeds help in detoxifying the arils, bringing the concentration of hypoglycin A to a level which is generally safe for consumption.
689:
The fruit is pear-shaped and has three lobes (two to four lobes are common). When it ripens it turns from green to a bright red to yellow-orange and splits open to reveal three large, shiny black seeds, each partly surrounded by soft, creamy or spongy, white to yellow flesh — the
1265:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
764:
776:
1386:
Isenberg, Samantha L.; Carter, Melissa D.; Hayes, Shelby R.; Graham, Leigh Ann; Johnson, Darryl; Mathews, Thomas P.; Harden, Leslie A.; Takeoka, Gary R.; Thomas, Jerry D.; Pirkle, James L.; Johnson, Rudolph C. (13 July 2016).
752:
1007:
The fruit has various uses in West Africa and in rural areas of the
Caribbean Islands, including use of its "soap" properties as a laundering agent or fish poison. The fragrant flowers may be used as decoration or
2015:
Bowen-Forbes, Camille S.; Minott, Donna A. (27 April 2011). "Tracking hypoglycins A and B over different maturity stages: implications for detoxification of ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) fruits".
714:
540:
1962:
Sinmisola, Aloko; Oluwasesan, Bello M.; Chukwuemeka, Azubuike P. (10 May 2019). "Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacological and nutritional properties".
1594:
Sinmisola, Aloko; Oluwasesan, Bello M.; Chukwuemeka, Azubuike P. (May 2019). "Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig: A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacological and nutritional properties".
2229:
1777:
Isenberg, Samantha L.; Carter, Melissa D.; Graham, Leigh Ann; Mathews, Thomas P.; Johnson, Darryl; Thomas, Jerry D.; Pirkle, James L.; Johnson, Rudolph C. (2 September 2015).
1243:
829:
The ackee is allowed to open fully before picking in order to eliminate toxicity. When it has "yawned" or "smiled", the seeds are discarded and the fresh, firm arils are
975:
Though ackee is used widely in traditional dishes, research on its potential hypoglycin toxicity has been sparse and preliminary, requiring evaluation in well-designed
2425:
2477:
995:
Ackee canned in brine is a commodity item and is used for export by
Jamaica, Haiti and Belize. If propagated by seed, trees will begin to fruit in 3–4 years.
2634:
2017:
1667:
1637:
1027:
The seeds were formerly used as standardized weights for weighing gold dust, leading to the currency issued by Great
Britain in the former colony of
2373:
708:–7 ounces). The tree can produce fruit throughout the year, although January–March and October–November are typically periods of fruit production.
2438:
2386:
1331:
1322:
2664:
2529:
2659:
2133:
1895:
1864:
1565:
1277:
2644:
1272:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2679:
1923:
1537:
1512:
1487:
1365:
921:
845:
Ackee contains a moderate amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat, providing 51–58% of the dry weight of the arils as composed of
1235:
2240:
2412:
1783:
2469:
1779:"Quantification of metabolites for assessing human exposure to soapberry toxins hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine"
660:
15–30 centimetres (6–12 inches) long, with 6–10 elliptical to oblong leathery leaflets. Each leaflet is 8–12 cm (3–
2443:
1291:
1327:
740:
1940:
2066:
1964:
1231:
949:
2308:
1028:
945:
833:
in salted water or milk, and may be fried in butter to create a dish. In
Caribbean cooking, they may be cooked with
2555:
2482:
1948:
969:
600:
2649:
2639:
2464:
1839:
Seeff, Leonard; Stickel, Felix; Navarro, Victor J. (1 January 2013), Kaplowitz, Neil; DeLeve, Laurie D. (eds.),
97:
2669:
2560:
2609:
2654:
882:
802:
629:
1675:
2251:
1645:
881:". In the song, a market seller laments, "Carry mi ackee go a Linstead market. Not a quattie worth sell".
536:
2313:
1389:"Quantification of toxins in soapberry (Sapindaceae) arils: Hypoglycin A and methylenecyclopropylglycine"
2113:
1840:
1722:
1449:
1152:
493:
214:
2547:
2391:
1313:
2674:
2347:
1021:
887:
726:
31:
2112:
Prakash, Vishweshwaraiah; Martín-Belloso, Olga; Keener, Larry; Astley, Siân, eds. (1 January 2016),
1560:. Vol. One: Export challenges and implementation strategies. London: Academic Press, Elsevier.
2503:
2289:
1128:
IUCN SSC Global Tree
Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). (2019).
62:
694:
having a nut-like flavor and texture of scrambled eggs. The fruit typically weighs 100–200 grams (
2591:
2534:
2339:
2208:
2200:
1997:
1916:
1619:
823:
811:
480:
460:
333:
238:
92:
1212:. Miami, FL: The Center for New Crops and Plant Products, at Purdue University. pp. 269–271
972:. These effects occur only when the unripe aril (or an inedible part of the fruit) is consumed.
624:
are renowned as delicious when ripe, prepared properly, and cooked and are a feature of various
2456:
2430:
620:
Although having a long-held reputation as being poisonous with potential fatalities, the fruit
2490:
2321:
2129:
2091:
2083:
2042:
2034:
1989:
1981:
1919:
1891:
1860:
1818:
1800:
1611:
1571:
1561:
1533:
1508:
1483:
1426:
1408:
1361:
1283:
1273:
976:
909:
The unripened aril and the inedible portions of the fruit contain hypoglycin toxins including
625:
421:
2583:
2508:
2495:
2192:
2121:
2075:
2026:
1973:
1852:
1808:
1792:
1603:
1416:
1400:
1147:
1093:
1057:
1032:
819:
2160:
1129:
1083:
1070:
1017:
996:
953:
878:
657:
135:
1747:
539:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2521:
2516:
2125:
1856:
1848:
1813:
1778:
1421:
1388:
1009:
957:
649:
645:
122:
2628:
2451:
2212:
2001:
1623:
1354:
1138:
854:
850:
732:
675:
608:
592:
289:
230:
82:
77:
1697:
30:
For the fruit-bearing tree known as ackee in several
Eastern Caribbean islands, see
2596:
2155:
1796:
1201:
1103:
980:
965:
914:
910:
903:
858:
275:
2326:
807:
2300:
2399:
2283:
2060:
Blake, Orane A.; Bennink, Maurice R.; Jackson, Jose C. (February 2006). "Ackee (
588:
572:
181:
2235:
1267:
2079:
1977:
1607:
961:
937:
846:
837:
and vegetables, or may be added to stew, curry, soup or rice with seasonings.
506:
404:
171:
17:
2274:
2087:
2038:
1985:
1804:
1575:
1412:
1404:
607:, England, in 1793. The English common name is derived from the West African
2360:
1013:
941:
862:
679:
641:
438:
2573:
2095:
2046:
1993:
1822:
1615:
1430:
1287:
682:
flowers that bloom during warm months. Each flower has five greenish-white
899:
2568:
2268:
933:
576:
387:
148:
2604:
2378:
2334:
2204:
2064:) hypoglycin A toxicity: dose response assessment in laboratory rats".
834:
830:
653:
596:
367:
191:
2404:
2030:
818:
Imported to
Jamaica from West Africa before 1773, the use of ackee in
48:
929:
925:
782:
Ripe seeds with their arils (dorsal view and in longitudinal section)
584:
580:
161:
2245:
2196:
1505:
Tropical
Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation
1024:, the ripe arils, leaves or bark were used to treat minor ailments.
2542:
2417:
2365:
898:
874:
806:
683:
109:
2241:
Ackee and saltfish: Jamaica's breakfast of champions – BBC Travel
1841:"Chapter 35 - Hepatotoxicity of Herbals and Dietary Supplements"
691:
621:
2352:
2249:
604:
309:
822:
is prominent. Ackee is the national fruit of
Jamaica, whilst
770:
Part of ripe fruit, two seeds with their arils still attached
529:
Raw arils after pods allowed to open naturally. Seeds removed
1236:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
644:
tree that grows about 10 metres tall, with a short
1558:
Food safety and quality systems in developing countries
964:. Glucose stores are consequently depleted leading to
674: in) long and 5–8 cm (2–3 in) wide. The
2258:
1153:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T146420481A156104704.en
505:
492:
479:
458:
437:
420:
403:
386:
365:
330:
306:
288:
272:
263:
2183:Bascom, William R. (January 1951). "Yoruba Food".
1353:
1269:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
873:The ackee is prominently featured in the Jamaican
2118:Regulating Safety of Traditional and Ethnic Foods
920:These two molecules are converted in the body to
470:
377:
1482:. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science B.V.
264:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
983:, food uses, and methods for detoxification.
758:Showing ripe fruit and seeds with their arils
8:
1381:
1379:
1377:
258:
1772:
1770:
1768:
2246:
2120:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. iv,
2018:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1393:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
1232:United States Food and Drug Administration
826:is the official national dish of Jamaica.
678:are fragrant, up to 20 cm long, with
612:
347:
257:
71:
47:
38:
1812:
1420:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1151:
936:compounds, often binding irreversibly to
632:of Jamaica and is considered a delicacy.
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1042:
928:. MCPA and hypoglycin A inhibit several
746:Fruit as it splits upon ripening "smile"
1332:United States Department of Agriculture
1323:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1120:
710:
1890:(5 ed.). Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd.
1020:, oars, paddles and casks. In African
591:. The scientific name honours Captain
2191:(1). Cambridge University Press: 47.
2107:
2105:
1834:
1832:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1551:
1549:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1039:Vernacular names in African languages
924:(MCPA), and are toxic with potential
7:
2610:927C01DA-8125-433D-9517-C827D15C38F3
2548:F50517E6-59FD-E4D6-BE7C-DE8411F17AA6
2236:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
1452:. Jamaican Information Service. 2019
861:. The raw fruit is a rich source of
2635:IUCN Red List least concern species
1945:) and its associated toxic effects"
1939:Andrea Goldson (16 November 2005).
1674:. 13 September 2011. Archived from
1480:Intoxications of the Nervous System
1139:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2126:10.1016/b978-0-12-800605-4.00026-8
1913:Introduction to Clinical Nutrition
1857:10.1016/b978-0-12-387817-5.00035-2
1723:"Ackee - Jamaican National Symbol"
1556:Gordon, André, ed. (2 June 2015).
1246:from the original on 27 March 2024
25:
1478:Vinken Pierre; Bruyn, GW (1995).
891:includes the song "Ackee 1-2-3".
2561:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:782152-1
1748:"Ackee 1 2 3 - The English Beat"
775:
763:
751:
739:
725:
713:
96:
1784:Chemical Research in Toxicology
1294:from the original on 9 May 2024
922:methylenecyclopropylacetic acid
720:Leaves, upper and lower surface
2161:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1797:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00205
999:may yield fruit in 1–2 years.
1:
2665:Flora of West Tropical Africa
1911:SarDesai, Vishwanath (2003).
1672:National Geographic Traveller
1328:Agricultural Research Service
932:involved in the breakdown of
814:, a traditional Jamaican dish
2660:Fruits originating in Africa
2067:Food and Chemical Toxicology
1965:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1596:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
968:, and to a condition called
956:and consequently inhibiting
535:Percentages estimated using
2645:National symbols of Jamaica
1727:Jamaica Information Service
1642:National Symbols of Jamaica
946:carnitine acyltransferase I
587:. It is native to tropical
2696:
1949:Science Creative Quarterly
1886:Kumar, Parveen J. (2006).
1845:Drug-Induced Liver Disease
1356:The World in So Many Words
1146:: e.T146420481A156104704.
970:Jamaican vomiting sickness
800:
29:
2080:10.1016/j.fct.2005.07.002
1978:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.017
1608:10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.017
979:to better understand its
534:
526:
518:
454:
450:
361:
357:
350:
346:
326:
322:
302:
298:
268:
244:
237:
220:
213:
93:Scientific classification
91:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
2680:Plants described in 1806
1668:"Top 10 National Dishes"
1503:Llamas, Kristen (2003).
1405:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02478
797:History and culinary use
595:who took the fruit from
1528:Riffle, Robert (1998).
1352:Metcalf, Allan (1999).
1210:Fruits of warm climates
1016:used for construction,
803:List of Jamaican dishes
537:US recommendations
1847:(3 ed.), Boston:
1702:wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm
906:
815:
686:, which are fragrant.
613:
541:the National Academies
902:
810:
601:Royal Botanic Gardens
579:) family, as are the
352:Vitamins and minerals
1851:, pp. 631–657,
1678:on 24 September 2011
1360:. Houghton Mifflin.
1022:traditional medicine
888:Special Beat Service
571:, is a fruit of the
32:Melicoccus bijugatus
1200:Morton, JF (1987).
869:Society and culture
260:
63:Conservation status
1941:"The ackee fruit (
1917:Marcel Dekker Inc.
1012:, and the durable
907:
824:ackee and saltfish
816:
812:Ackee and saltfish
626:Caribbean cuisines
2620:
2619:
2491:Open Tree of Life
2252:Taxon identifiers
2164:. Merriam-Webster
2135:978-0-12-800605-4
2031:10.1021/jf104623c
1897:978-0-7020-2579-2
1888:Clinical Medicine
1866:978-0-12-387817-5
1638:"This is Jamaica"
1567:978-0-12-801351-9
1530:The Tropical Look
1399:(27): 5607–5613.
1279:978-0-309-48834-1
1112:
1111:
1031:to be named the "
977:clinical research
952:, reducing their
793:certain cuisine.
652:. The leaves are
559:), also known as
547:
546:
522:
521:
256:
255:
251:
86:
16:(Redirected from
2687:
2650:Fruit vegetables
2640:Jamaican cuisine
2613:
2612:
2600:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2550:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2247:
2217:
2216:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2025:(8): 3869–3875.
2012:
2006:
2005:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1791:(9): 1753–1759.
1774:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1698:"Jamaican Ackee"
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1644:. Archived from
1634:
1628:
1627:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1532:. Timber Press.
1525:
1519:
1518:
1507:. Timber Press.
1500:
1494:
1493:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1435:
1434:
1424:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1359:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1197:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1125:
1043:
1033:Gold Coast ackey
877:style folksong "
820:Jamaican cuisine
779:
767:
755:
743:
729:
717:
707:
706:
702:
699:
673:
672:
668:
665:
616:
474:
425:
408:
391:
381:
348:
261:
249:
226:
101:
100:
80:
75:
74:
51:
39:
27:Species of plant
21:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2670:Trees of Africa
2625:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2254:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2197:10.2307/1156157
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1648:on 19 June 2006
1636:
1635:
1631:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1198:
1161:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1041:
1005:
993:
954:bioavailability
897:
879:Linstead Market
871:
843:
805:
799:
790:
783:
780:
771:
768:
759:
756:
747:
744:
735:
730:
721:
718:
704:
700:
697:
695:
670:
666:
663:
661:
638:
628:. Ackee is the
530:
527:
513:
500:
487:
475:
445:
432:
423:
415:
406:
398:
389:
382:
353:
342:
337:
318:
313:
284:
279:
233:
228:
222:
209:
95:
87:
76:
72:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2655:Tropical fruit
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2617:
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2614:
2601:
2597:wfo-0000566873
2588:
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2526:
2513:
2509:Blighia sapida
2500:
2487:
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2396:
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2290:Blighia sapida
2280:
2264:
2262:
2260:Blighia sapida
2256:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2231:Blighia sapida
2225:
2224:External links
2222:
2219:
2218:
2175:
2147:
2134:
2101:
2074:(2): 207–213.
2062:Blighia sapida
2052:
2007:
1954:
1943:Blighia sapida
1931:
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989:
958:beta oxidation
896:
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556:Blighia sapida
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905:
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890:
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876:
868:
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859:stearic acids
856:
852:
848:
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838:
836:
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827:
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821:
813:
809:
804:
796:
794:
787:
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749:
742:
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734:
733:Inflorescence
728:
723:
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654:paripinnately
651:
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623:
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606:
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590:
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457:
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449:
442:
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412:
410:
405:Riboflavin (B
402:
395:
393:
385:
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375:
372:
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369:
364:
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356:
349:
345:
339:
336:
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329:
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315:
312:
311:
305:
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297:
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287:
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276:Carbohydrates
271:
267:
262:
252:
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243:
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215:Binomial name
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123:Tracheophytes
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
90:
84:
79:
78:Least Concern
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2622:
2259:
2230:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2139:, retrieved
2117:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2022:
2016:
2010:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1942:
1934:
1915:. New York:
1912:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1870:, retrieved
1844:
1788:
1782:
1755:. Retrieved
1752:Allmusic.com
1751:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1671:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1641:
1632:
1599:
1595:
1557:
1529:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1479:
1454:. Retrieved
1396:
1392:
1355:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1321:
1315:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1268:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1239:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1203:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1026:
1006:
994:
985:
981:pharmacology
974:
966:hypoglycemia
919:
915:hypoglycin B
911:hypoglycin A
908:
904:Hypoglycin A
886:
872:
844:
828:
817:
791:
688:
648:and a dense
640:Ackee is an
639:
619:
568:
564:
560:
555:
554:
550:
548:
471:
466:
459:
378:
373:
366:
332:
308:
274:
246:
245:
223:
221:
205:
204:
192:
155:
142:
129:
116:
36:
2675:Sapindaceae
2522:kew-2677575
2400:iNaturalist
2284:Wikispecies
2114:"Copyright"
1972:: 446–459.
1602:: 446–459.
1078:akee apple
1065:akee apple
962:fatty acids
847:fatty acids
589:West Africa
573:Sapindaceae
569:ackee apple
388:Thiamine (B
182:Sapindaceae
136:Angiosperms
2629:Categories
2517:Plant List
1337:18 October
1115:References
1029:Gold Coast
1003:Other uses
938:coenzyme A
801:See also:
507:Phosphorus
231:K.D.Koenig
172:Sapindales
2457:146420481
2213:149837516
2168:26 August
2088:0278-6915
2039:1520-5118
2002:195661482
1986:0378-8741
1805:0893-228X
1682:19 August
1624:195661482
1576:910662541
1413:0021-8561
1206:K. Konig"
1075:kpɩ́zʋ̀ʋ̀
1014:heartwood
942:carnitine
926:lethality
863:vitamin C
841:Nutrition
831:parboiled
788:Cultivars
680:unisexual
642:evergreen
614:akye fufo
577:soapberry
439:Vitamin C
422:Niacin (B
200:Species:
106:Kingdom:
2574:28600002
2569:Tropicos
2431:10202237
2418:782152-1
2269:Wikidata
2096:16099087
2047:21410289
1994:30685434
1823:26328472
1616:30685434
1431:27367968
1292:Archived
1288:30844154
1250:28 March
1244:Archived
1234:(2024).
1202:"Ackee;
1052:Meaning
1046:Language
997:Cuttings
934:acyl CoA
895:Toxicity
883:The Beat
855:palmitic
851:linoleic
849:–
658:compound
583:and the
467:Quantity
461:Minerals
374:Quantity
368:Vitamins
239:Synonyms
178:Family:
149:Eudicots
83:IUCN 3.1
2605:ZooBank
2465:MoBotPF
2379:3189955
2335:Ecocrop
2275:Q417145
2205:1156157
2156:"ackey"
2141:27 June
1814:4592145
1757:18 June
1732:16 July
1707:17 July
1450:"Ackee"
1422:5098216
1298:21 June
1094:Dagaare
1058:Bambara
1018:pilings
1010:cologne
930:enzymes
835:codfish
703:⁄
669:⁄
599:to the
597:Jamaica
501:5.52 mg
481:Calcium
433:3.74 mg
416:0.18 mg
399:0.10 mg
334:Protein
317:18.78 g
193:Blighia
188:Genus:
168:Order:
110:Plantae
81: (
2584:476846
2581:uBio:
2530:PLANTS
2496:943319
2483:259381
2470:286811
2444:506071
2405:155137
2353:483850
2314:285258
2298:APDB:
2211:
2203:
2185:Africa
2132:
2094:
2086:
2045:
2037:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1947:. The
1922:
1894:
1872:5 July
1863:
1821:
1811:
1803:
1652:4 June
1622:
1614:
1574:
1564:
1536:
1511:
1486:
1429:
1419:
1411:
1364:
1286:
1276:
1098:kyira
1084:Yoruba
1071:Kabiye
1062:finsan
857:, and
684:petals
636:Botany
585:longan
581:lychee
341:8.75 g
294:3.45 g
283:9.55 g
162:Rosids
56:Fruit
42:Ackee
2543:Plazi
2535:BLSA2
2426:IRMNG
2366:BLISA
2301:90834
2209:S2CID
2201:JSTOR
1998:S2CID
1620:S2CID
1456:3 May
1216:3 May
1108:atsa
1088:iṣin
875:mento
650:crown
646:trunk
622:arils
611:name
567:, or
551:ackee
514:98 mg
488:83 mg
446:65 mg
259:Ackee
250:Voigt
156:Clade
143:Clade
130:Clade
117:Clade
2556:POWO
2504:PfaF
2478:NCBI
2452:IUCN
2439:ITIS
2413:IPNI
2392:7271
2387:GRIN
2374:GBIF
2361:EPPO
2340:2214
2327:M6V2
2309:BOLD
2170:2024
2143:2020
2130:ISBN
2092:PMID
2084:ISSN
2043:PMID
2035:ISSN
1990:PMID
1982:ISSN
1920:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1874:2020
1861:ISBN
1819:PMID
1801:ISSN
1759:2022
1734:2020
1709:2020
1684:2016
1654:2006
1612:PMID
1572:OCLC
1562:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1458:2019
1427:PMID
1409:ISSN
1362:ISBN
1339:2011
1300:2024
1284:PMID
1274:ISBN
1252:2024
1218:2019
1144:2019
1049:Word
948:and
944:and
913:and
692:aril
565:akee
561:acki
549:The
494:Iron
2592:WFO
2348:EoL
2322:CoL
2234:in
2193:doi
2122:doi
2076:doi
2027:doi
1974:doi
1970:235
1853:doi
1809:PMC
1793:doi
1604:doi
1600:235
1417:PMC
1401:doi
1240:FDA
1148:doi
1104:Ewe
1035:".
960:of
605:Kew
603:in
499:31%
472:%DV
444:72%
431:23%
414:14%
379:%DV
310:Fat
2631::
2607::
2594::
2571::
2558::
2545::
2532::
2519::
2506::
2493::
2480::
2467::
2454::
2441::
2428::
2415::
2402::
2389::
2376::
2363::
2350::
2337::
2324::
2311::
2286::
2271::
2207:.
2199:.
2189:20
2187:.
2158:.
2128:,
2116:,
2104:^
2090:.
2082:.
2072:44
2070:.
2041:.
2033:.
2023:59
2021:.
1996:.
1988:.
1980:.
1968:.
1859:,
1843:,
1831:^
1817:.
1807:.
1799:.
1789:28
1787:.
1781:.
1767:^
1750:.
1725:.
1700:.
1670:.
1640:.
1618:.
1610:.
1598:.
1584:^
1570:.
1548:^
1466:^
1439:^
1425:.
1415:.
1407:.
1397:64
1395:.
1391:.
1376:^
1330:,
1326:.
1320:.
1290:.
1282:.
1242:.
1238:.
1208:.
1162:^
1142:.
1136:.
950:II
940:,
865:.
853:,
656:,
617:.
563:,
512:8%
486:6%
397:8%
158::
145::
132::
119::
2215:.
2195::
2172:.
2124::
2098:.
2078::
2049:.
2029::
2004:.
1976::
1951:.
1928:.
1900:.
1855::
1825:.
1795::
1761:.
1736:.
1711:.
1686:.
1656:.
1626:.
1606::
1578:.
1542:.
1517:.
1492:.
1460:.
1433:.
1403::
1370:.
1341:.
1318:"
1314:"
1302:.
1254:.
1220:.
1156:.
1150::
1134:"
1130:"
705:2
701:1
698:+
696:3
671:2
667:1
664:+
662:4
575:(
553:(
543:.
426:)
424:3
409:)
407:2
392:)
390:1
85:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
