20:
231:(Green Blog), in early 2011 "... Bloom Energy ... unveiled a service to allow customers to buy the electricity generated by its fuel cells without incurring the capital costs of purchasing the six-figure devices.... Under the Bloom Electrons service, customers sign 10-year contracts to purchase the electricity generated by Bloom Energy Servers while the company retains ownership of the fuel cells and responsibility for their maintenance.... 'We’re able to tell customers, ‘You don’t have to put any money up front, you pay only for the electrons you use and it’s good for your pocketbook and good for planet,’ ' said."
770:
272:
530:
wrote: "Are we really falling for this again? Every clean tech company on the planet says it can produce clean energy cheaply, yet not a single one can. Government subsidies or mandates keep the entire worldwide industry afloat. Hand it to Bloom, the company has managed to tap into the hype machine
558:
Sridhar said the boxes have a 10-year life span, although that could include replacing the cells during that period. The CEO of eBay says Bloom Energy
Servers have saved the company $ 100,000 in electricity bills since they were installed in mid-2009, Fortune Magazine contributor Paul Keegan calls
554:
Each Bloom Energy Server ES5700 is said to provide 200 kW of power, similar to the baseload needs of 160 average homes or one office building. The average monthly electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer in 2012 was 903 kWh per month (or 1.24 kW mean load).
219:
The current cost of each hand-made 100 kW Bloom Energy Server is $ 700,000–800,000. In 2010, the company announced plans for a smaller, home sized Bloom server priced under $ 3,000. Bloom estimated the size of a home-sized server at 1 kW, although others recommended 5 kW. The
262:
As of 2010, 15% of the power consumed by eBay was generated via the use of Bloom Energy
Servers. At the time, after factoring in tax incentives which effectively halved the initial cost, eBay expected a three-year payback period based on the then $ 0.14/kWh cost of commercial electricity in
570:
Assuming a 50% future cost reduction, one could argue that the best case scenario for the 200 kW unit would be a capital (installed) cost comparable to today's 100 kW units, i.e., around $ 800,000. Using the average electricity price of $ 100/MWh and natural gas price $
551:) can achieve greater than 95% efficiency. Sridhar stated that Bloom's products convert chemical energy to electrical energy in one step, are more fuel efficient than current gas-fired power stations and reduce transmission/distribution losses by producing power where it is used.
59:
at or near the site where it will be used. It withstands temperatures of up to 1,800 °F (980 °C). According to the company, a single cell (one 100 mm × 100 mm plate consisting of three ceramic layers) generates 25 watts.
508:
expert
Michael Tucker claimed, "Because they operate at high temperatures, they can accept other fuels like natural gas and methane, and that's an enormous advantage... The disadvantage is that they can shatter as they are heating or cooling."
841:
owns 15 patents on hydrogen fuel cells and is using 250 fuel cells to provide backup power for its operations. Sprint has been using fuel cell power since 2005. In 2009, Sprint's fuel cell program received a grant of $ 7.3 million from the
254:
to sell electricity produced by the boxes, rather than selling the boxes themselves, in order to address customers' fears about box maintenance, reliability, and servicing costs. There are 123 Bloom boxes producing at 16 cents/kWh for
523:
stated that "Bloom has still not released numbers about how much the Bloom Box costs to operate per kilowatt hour" and estimates that natural gas rather than bio-gas will be its primary fuel source. AP reporter
Jonathan Fahey in
578:
Long term cost consideration varies because backup generators are no longer necessary since the power grid acts as the emergency backup. No longer having to maintain and replace generators would reduce the break even period.
516:
wrote that, given today's electricity transmission losses of about 7% and utility-size gas-fired power stations efficiency of 33–48%, the Bloom Energy Server is up to twice as efficient as a gas-fired power station.
480:
503:
National Fuel Cell
Research Center questioned the operational life of Bloom Servers. "At this point, Bloom has excellent potential, but they have yet to demonstrate that they've met the bars of reliability."
1394:
889:. Ballard's 150 kW units are intended for mobile applications such as municipal buses, while their larger 1 MW stationary systems are configured from banks of 11 kW building blocks.
341:, now a Bloom Energy board member, said the Bloom Energy generators could be useful to the military because they are lighter, more efficient, and generate less heat than traditional generators.
1721:
67:" point for those who purchase the device is around 8 years. The cell's technology continues to rely on non-renewable sources of energy to produce electricity, and because it is not a
575:($ 10/MWh) and assuming a 6% per year maintenance/operating cost apart from fuel, the break-even period for the device comes to over 8 years, based on published performance numbers.
287:
in July 2008. Four such servers were installed at Google's headquarters, which became Bloom Energy's first customer. Another installation of five boxes produces up to 500 kW at
975:
1041:
1923:
325:
Stop & Shop
Supermarket Company announced a 250 kW system in 2015, and 2020 announced plans to configure 40 MA and NY stores to "microgrids" using Bloom Energy Servers.
875:
instead employ "thick anode" technology that allows operation at cooler temperature. Ceres has a four-year program to install 37,500 units in the homes of customers of the UK's
933:
2058:
1942:
127:
112:
846:
to expand the hydrogen capacity of its fuel cell tanks from providing up to 15 hours of backup power, to 72 hours. Sprint partnered with ReliOn and
562:
The largest disadvantage is the high operating temperature which results in longer start-up times and mechanical and chemical compatibility issues.
1752:
1729:
353:
1178:
505:
334:
979:
1804:
867:
A competitor claimed the Bloom Box uses a "thick electrolyte" that requires 900 °C temperatures to overcome electrical resistance.
854:
as a hydrogen supplier. German fuel cell firm P21 has been working on similar projects to supply backup power for cellular operations.
2044:
1927:
1049:
82:
In 2011, Bloom stated that two hundred servers had been deployed in
California for corporations including Google, Yahoo, and Wal-Mart.
886:
843:
1186:
500:
2089:
1206:
861:
In
October 2009, the Department of Energy awarded nearly US$ 25 million in grants for research and development of solar fuels.
896:. It claims an efficiency of 60% for the power-only units; these fuel cells are based on technology spun off from Australia's
1973:
943:
1021:
1026:
95:
90:
The Bloom Energy Server uses thin white ceramic plates of size 100 × 100 mm. Each plate is coated with a
2153:
787:
144:
at lower temperatures, which provides greater efficiency and higher reliability when used as an electrolyte. Scandia is
2065:
1412:
1310:
512:
Venture capitalist John Doerr asserted that the Bloom Energy Server is cheaper and cleaner than the grid. An expert at
1285:
1896:
19:
864:
In
October 2012, the US government awarded Bloom Energy $ 70,710,959 under its section 1603 energy awards program.
851:
176:
that costs between US$ 1,400 and US$ 2,000 per kilogram in 99.9% pure form. Current annual worldwide production of
103:
1071:
1592:
1145:
63:
The fuel cells have an operational life expectancy of around 10 years; based on predictions on fuel costs, the "
1952:
1617:"Stop & Shop to convert 40 of its stores to microgrids in preparation for severe weather and power outages"
1395:"The Forbes Investigation: How Bloom Energy Blew Through Billions Promising Cheap, Green Tech That Falls Short"
251:
1340:
499:
producers have solved the problem of different expansion rates of cells in the past. Scott
Samuelsen of the
132:, assigned to Bloom Energy Corporation, says that the "electrolyte includes yttria stabilized zirconia and a
1090:"Industry leading companies choose Bloom Electrons for immediate cost savings and carbon reduction benefits"
495:
that enables individual plates to expand and contract at the same rate at high temperatures. However, other
247:. Twenty percent of the cost savings depend upon avoiding transfer losses that result from energy grid use.
1637:
1089:
828:
123:
491:
Bloom Energy Servers stack small fuel cells to operate in concert. Bloom Energy's approach of assembling
1696:
496:
319:
304:
48:
40:
1924:"Sprint Receives $ 7.3 Million U.S. Department of Energy Grant to Expand Hydrogen Fuel Cell Deployment"
1547:
239:
On 24 February 2010, Sridhar claimed that his devices were making electricity for $ 0.08–.10/kWh using
1847:"How much electricity does an American home use? – FAQ – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"
1691:
868:
108:
1363:
808:
572:
513:
192:
2148:
855:
824:
820:
893:
519:
199:
68:
1120:
322:
in 2014 is designed to "power one-third of the electricity to the buildings on Yahoo’s campus."
2000:
1662:
1481:
1459:
1182:
995:
292:
1616:
1503:
847:
1525:
548:
170:
91:
1871:
1367:
1007:
492:
308:
783:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
180:
is less than 2,000 kilograms. Most of the 5,000 kilograms used annually is sourced from
909:
540:
256:
145:
76:
72:
1846:
1825:
140:, such as a scandia ceria stabilized zirconia". ScSZ has a higher conductivity than
2142:
1978:
1947:
1780:
1234:
938:
882:
838:
788:
http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/01/f28/fcto_2015_business_case_fuel_cells.pdf
1437:
539:
Bloom claims a conversion efficiency of around 50%, or up to 65% when new. A modern
333:
Sridhar announced plans to install Bloom Energy Servers in third world nations. Ex-
271:
1781:"Parsing fact from fiction with the Bloom Energy box | Green Tech – CNET News"
544:
338:
221:
52:
44:
872:
240:
118:
117:
that was granted to Bloom in 2009; this material is also one of the most common
56:
1175:
High temperature solid oxide fuel cells: fundamentals, design, and applications
1568:
1149:
244:
243:, cheaper than electricity prices in some parts of the United States, such as
181:
64:
1261:"K.R. Sridhar: Bloom Energy's Fuel-Cell Guru – Newsweek and The Daily Beast"
1238:
1663:"Bloom board member Colin Powell – Meet the Bloom box (images) - CNET News"
291:
headquarters California. Bloom Energy stated that their customers include
876:
835:
has technology to provide energy for a small device, not a neighborhood.
280:
203:
177:
137:
133:
475:{\displaystyle CH_{4}+2O_{2}\rightarrow CO_{2}+2H_{2}O+electricity+heat}
94:-based ink on one side, forming the anode, and another black (probably
2133:
832:
816:
559:
that figure "meaningless without the details to see how he got there".
543:
gas turbine power plant (CCGT) can reach 60% overall efficiency, while
311:(500 kW). Each of these installations were located in California.
296:
196:
1757:
526:
284:
1872:"Clean, Renewable Energy | Bloom Energy Solid Oxide Fuel Cells"
1260:
486:
The chemical reaction used to create energy in Bloom Energy products
1042:"Bloom Energy Server unveiled, Bloom Box not for the home just yet"
692:
Run cost savings per bloom box (electricity revenue less fuel cost)
51:, that takes a variety of input fuels, including liquid or gaseous
897:
315:
300:
270:
188:
173:
2020:
1901:
714:
Capital cost (estimated minimum cost after projected reductions)
596:
Fuel (natural gas) flow rate for 200 kW Bloom Energy Server
288:
24:
1805:"KR Sridhar: Transcript of Fresh Dialogues Interview Part One"
763:
650:
percent conversion of natural gas energy to electrical energy
187:
To save money, the Bloom Energy Server uses inexpensive metal
141:
1897:"GE Claims Fuel Cell Breakthrough, Starts Pilot Production"
812:
1661:
Caption by: Josh Lowensohn, Michelle Meyers (2010-02-24).
16:
Solid oxide fuel cell power generator made by Bloom Energy
2110:
1548:"Be The Solution | Customer Story: Bank of America"
2045:"Innovation: Bloom didn't start a fuel-cell revolution"
703:
Cost savings per year assuming 24X7 full load operation
314:
A 1-megawatt Bloom Box fuel cell system installed at
356:
607:
Fuel energy in rate in kW (1 million Btu per hour CH
202:
plates. In competing lower temperature fuel cells,
1716:
1714:
1526:"Be The Solution | Customer Story: Coca-Cola"
815:dismantled its fuel cell group five years ago and
474:
275:A small deployment of Bloom Energy Servers in 2010
1943:"Phone Companies Are Developing Fuel Cells, Too"
1692:"Bloom Energy unveils its 'Bloom Box' fuel cell"
1482:"Be The Solution | Customer Story: Walmart"
1460:"Be The Solution | Customer Story: Staples"
1341:"Bloom Energy Claims a New Fuel Cell Technology"
858:makes fuel cells costing $ 4,500 per kilowatt.
644:System efficiency natural gas -> electricity
349:
250:In 2010, Bloom Energy claimed to be developing
1504:"Be The Solution | Customer Story: FedEx"
1334:
1332:
1330:
1121:"Clean, cheap power from fuel cells in a box?"
1095:(Press release). Bloom Energy. 20 January 2011
892:Another competitor in Europe and Australia is
1974:"New Form of Solar Energy: Direct Solar Fuel"
1168:
1166:
1022:"Bloom Box: What is it and how does it work?"
531:like no other clean tech company in memory."
55:produced from biological sources, to produce
23:A deployment of Bloom Energy Servers outside
8:
1413:"A Maker of Fuel Cells Blooms in California"
1311:"A maker of fuel cells blooms in California"
1686:
1684:
1682:
1200:
1198:
1048:. Mobilemag.com. 2010-02-25. Archived from
974:GLG Expert Contributor (22 February 2010).
885:'s comparably scaled products are based on
831:that has competitive fuel cell technology.
259:in a 21-year deal going from 2012 to 2033.
102:reported that the secret ingredient may be
1286:"An Affordable Way to Buy Fuel-Cell Power"
1173:Subhash C. Singhal, Kevin Kendall (2003).
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
1941:Fehrenbacher, Katie (February 23, 2010).
1593:"Yahoo is Bloom Energy's latest customer"
1388:
1386:
1384:
1235:"Bloom Box challenges: Reliability, cost"
934:"Tech Pioneers Who Will Change Your Life"
412:
396:
380:
364:
355:
1393:Helman, Christopher (13 February 2020).
1146:"The Bloom Box: An Energy Breakthrough?"
1114:
1112:
1110:
1070:Goldenberg, Suzanne (22 February 2010).
731:as a fraction of capital cost, per year
581:
18:
1229:
1227:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
920:
1364:"Bloom Energy Revealed on 60 Minutes!"
1358:
1356:
1354:
1205:Kanellos, Michael (22 February 2010).
1003:
993:
978:. Gerson Lehrman Group. Archived from
928:
926:
924:
1638:"Live from the Bloom Box press event"
506:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
335:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
283:Bloom Energy Servers were shipped to
124:US patent application 20080261099
7:
976:"Answering the Unanswered Questions"
850:for fuel cell manufacture, and with
823:is researching a SOFC power hybrid.
736:Cost savings after maintenance costs
295:(300 kW – December 2008),
279:The company says that its first 100-
887:proton exchange membrane fuel cells
725:Annual maintenance / operation cost
299:(800 kW – January 2010),
1753:"What Bloom Energy Needs To Prove"
1119:Schmit, Julie (24 February 2010).
844:United States Department of Energy
14:
1438:"NASA Technology Comes to Earth"
1339:Woody, Todd (24 February 2010).
1284:Woody, Todd (January 20, 2011).
768:
501:University of California, Irvine
2064:. Ballard Power. Archived from
43:(SOFC) power generator made by
1926:. Apr 17, 2009. Archived from
1779:Martin LaMonica (2010-03-01).
1751:Fahey, Jonathan (2010-02-24).
1722:"Bloom Box: Segway or savior?"
386:
1:
1826:"Energy Server – What is it?"
1807:. Fresh Dialogues. 2009-10-07
1259:Fareed Zakaria (2010-04-22).
1027:The Christian Science Monitor
96:Lanthanum strontium manganite
1207:"Bloom Box fuel cell launch"
1072:"Bloom Box fuel cell launch"
942:. 2009-12-17. Archived from
666:Electricity produced revenue
206:is required at the cathode.
98:) ink on the cathode side.
2170:
2059:"PEM FC Product Portfolio"
1309:Woody, Todd (2010-02-24).
852:Air Products and Chemicals
819:almost dismantled theirs.
720:for each 200 kW unit
104:yttria-stabilized zirconia
1591:Hull, Dana (2014-07-31).
777:This section needs to be
252:power purchase agreements
121:materials in the field.
1315:The New York Timesblogs
566:Long-term business case
2090:"Application Overview"
483:
476:
276:
28:
1697:San Jose Mercury News
602:million Btu per hour
497:solid oxide fuel cell
477:
320:Sunnyvale, California
305:The Coca-Cola Company
274:
109:US patent 7572530
49:Sunnyvale, California
41:solid oxide fuel cell
22:
2113:. Ceramic Fuel Cells
2047:. February 26, 2010.
1955:on February 27, 2010
1930:on December 2, 2009.
1177:. Elsevier. p.
946:on December 21, 2009
809:Gerson Lehrman Group
633:Electric output rate
514:Gerson Lehrman Group
354:
193:electric conductance
79:) during operation.
71:, it still produces
2154:2000s introductions
2134:Bloom Energy Server
1700:. February 24, 2010
1419:. February 24, 2010
1241:. February 24, 2010
1152:. February 21, 2010
1030:. 22 February 2010.
982:on 27 February 2010
856:United Technologies
825:United Technologies
821:GE Power Conversion
811:analyst wrote that
591:Unit / description
224:is $ 7–8 per watt.
33:Bloom Energy Server
2025:Topsoefuelcell.com
2021:"Topsoe Fuel Cell"
1982:. October 28, 2009
1417:The New York Times
1370:. 19 February 2010
1345:The New York Times
1290:The New York Times
1006:has generic name (
894:Ceramic Fuel Cells
827:is the only large
472:
307:(500 kW) and
277:
229:The New York Times
200:fast ion conductor
92:green nickel oxide
69:hydrogen fuel cell
29:
805:
804:
790:
757:
756:
747:Break even period
547:(electricity and
2161:
2122:
2121:
2119:
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2101:
2100:
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2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1951:. Archived from
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1932:
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1911:
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1893:
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1776:
1770:
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1765:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:on 24 March 2010
1728:. Archived from
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1471:(primary source)
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1449:(primary source)
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1011:
1005:
1001:
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987:
971:
956:
955:
953:
951:
930:
869:Topsoe Fuel Cell
800:
797:
791:
785:
772:
771:
764:
655:Electricity cost
582:
549:district heating
493:fuel-cell stacks
487:
481:
479:
478:
473:
417:
416:
401:
400:
385:
384:
369:
368:
318:headquarters in
195:between the two
171:transition metal
168:
167:
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158:
157:
131:
130:
126:
116:
115:
111:
2169:
2168:
2164:
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2158:
2139:
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2130:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2109:
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2104:
2095:
2093:
2092:. Ballard Power
2088:
2087:
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2068:
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2029:
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2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
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1895:
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1879:
1876:Bloomenergy.com
1870:
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1392:
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1371:
1368:Greentech Media
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1046:Mobile Magazine
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1736:24 February
1597:SiliconBeat
1575:24 February
1569:"Press kit"
1443:24 February
1216:24 February
986:23 February
950:24 February
877:British Gas
873:Ceres Power
760:Competition
739:$ 92,510.40
345:Feasibility
241:natural gas
191:plates for
119:electrolyte
106:based upon
57:electricity
2149:Fuel cells
2143:Categories
2117:2010-05-17
2096:2010-03-04
2075:2010-03-04
2030:2013-07-28
2006:2013-01-31
1986:2010-02-24
1959:2010-02-24
1909:2016-02-28
1882:2013-07-28
1857:2014-12-02
1832:2014-12-02
1811:2013-07-28
1790:2013-07-28
1704:2010-02-24
1672:2013-07-28
1647:2010-02-24
1623:2020-01-20
1602:2014-12-07
1554:2010-02-24
1532:2010-02-24
1510:2010-02-24
1488:2010-02-24
1466:2010-02-24
1423:2010-02-24
1374:2010-02-24
1320:2010-04-26
1295:2011-02-21
1270:2013-07-28
1245:2010-02-24
1156:2010-02-22
1150:60 Minutes
1056:2013-07-28
916:References
535:Efficiency
245:California
182:Soviet era
86:Technology
65:break even
1239:cNet News
1125:USA Today
1078:. London.
796:June 2016
742:per year
709:per year
698:per hour
672:per hour
628:per hour
622:Fuel cost
387:→
37:Bloom Box
1642:Engadget
996:cite web
904:See also
681:produced
661:per kWh
204:platinum
178:scandium
138:zirconia
1851:Eia.gov
1726:Fortune
1099:30 June
848:Altergy
833:Toshiba
817:Siemens
779:updated
695:$ 16.04
687:lb/MWh
669:$ 20.00
520:Fortune
297:Walmart
293:Staples
197:ceramic
134:scandia
2111:"CFCL"
1758:Forbes
1399:Forbes
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839:Sprint
753:years
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614:386.76
527:Forbes
285:Google
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1211:Wired
1093:(PDF)
898:CSIRO
588:Value
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316:Yahoo
301:FedEx
235:Usage
210:Costs
189:alloy
174:oxide
100:Wired
47:, of
39:is a
1902:IEEE
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871:and
599:1.32
289:eBay
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