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31:
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243:
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An extremely rare red (or chocolate raspberry) mutation of the species appeared in captivity in 2004, bred by the psittaculturist Howard Voren. The mutation results in yellow plumage being replaced by that of a red/pink hue and greens with a chocolate-brown, with the depth and intensity of color
511:). They seem to have a proclivity for singing. They require interaction but also can play with toys contently for several hours at a time. Pets require plenty of toys, perches, and climbing room. As with some other birds, under no circumstances are blue-fronted amazons to
373:
Additionally, there are significant individual variations in both facial pattern and amount of yellow/red to the "shoulder". In one extreme, individuals with essentially no yellow on the head and entirely green "shoulders" are known from north-western
Argentina.
454:
The blue-fronted amazon nests in tree cavities. The oval eggs are white and measure around 38 × 30 mm. There are usually three to five in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 27 days and the chicks leave the nest about 60 days after hatching.
382:
The blue-fronted amazon is a mainly green parrot about 38 cm (15 in) long. They have blue feathers on the forehead above the beak and yellow on the face and crown. Distribution of blue and yellow varies greatly among individuals. Unlike most other
490:
The blue-fronted amazon is commonly seen as a pet, both in South
America and other parts of the world. Their talking ability varies greatly from individual to individual, but some speak nearly as well as the
471:. However, while it remains common throughout a significant part of its range, there is evidence of a population decline, and this species has been heavily traded: Since 1981 when it was listed on
475:
Appendix II, 413,505 wild-caught individuals have been recorded in international trade (UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade
Database, January 2005). It is regarded as a crop pest in parts of its native range.
556:
572:
782:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version (2008).
703:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
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to the human eye, but analysis of the feathers using spectrometry, a method which allows the plumage to be seen as it would be by a parrot's
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30:
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vision, shows clear differences between the plumage of the sexes. Juveniles of parrots are duller and have dark irises.
242:
1772:
1455:
508:
478:
Paradoxically, illegal trade may have contributed to expansions of the range of this parrot: It is becoming common in
1652:
1767:
1587:
1762:
1110:
822:"Sexual Dichromatism in the Blue-fronted Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva) Revealed by Multiple-angle Spectrometry"
88:
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1057:
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1792:
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295:. Its common name is derived from the distinctive blue/turquoise marking on its head just above its beak.
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355:. The "shoulder" is partly or wholly yellow. Generally with more yellow to the head than nominate.
1342:
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1177:
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766:
Juniper, T., & M. Parr (1998). A Guide to the
Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex.
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482:, which is not a part of its historical range, something attributed to escaped caged birds.
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515:. Some individuals, particularly males, can be aggressive in spring, the mating season.
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446:, they are probably the result of escaped pets, and no reproduction has been recorded.
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419:. It is found in forests (though generally avoids extensive humid forests such as the
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A small feral breeding population is also present in the greener regions of
416:
352:
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The blue-fronted amazon was one of the many species originally described by
100:
915:
884:"From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico"
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348:
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The range of the blue-fronted amazon extends over eastern and northern
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has been treated as a separate species, but the two subspecies
288:
838:
10.1647/1082-6742(2006)20[8:SDITBA]2.0.CO;2
808:
from the Sierra de Santa Bárbara, north-west
Argentina.
804:
A green-shouldered variant of the Blue-fronted Amazon
784:
A classification of the bird species of South
America.
387:
parrots, its beak is mostly black. There is no overt
793:
463:
The status of this species is evaluated as being of
1676:
1376:
1322:
1297:
1096:
859:
The
Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds
337:. The leading edge of the wing ("shoulder") is red.
314:. Its specific epithet is the feminine form of the
720:(5th ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883.
677:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22686332A154573813.en
442:. Although they have been observed in the wild in
322:, "of the summer". Two subspecies are recognized:
932:. Pp. 68. Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro. 2008.
982:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Landsdowne Editions.
951:"Red Color Mutation of the Blue-fronted Amazon"
882:Falcón, Wilfredo; Tremblay, Raymond L. (2018).
861:. London, England: Hermes House. p. 230.
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550:Pet blue-fronted amazon eats from a spoon
930:Aves e Pássaros Comuns do Rio de Janeiro
705:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii).
1031:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
644:
526:
423:), woodland, savanna and palm groves.
1743:IUCN Red List near threatened species
928:José Felipe Monteiro Pereira (2008).
826:Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
370:freely where they come into contact.
347:through adjacent parts of Brazil, to
7:
1720:78B7B021-E3FD-4EB2-AF89-B620D16DFA9E
663:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
519:varying by location upon the body.
283:and one of the most common amazon
14:
343:occurs from northern and eastern
279:, is a South American species of
620:
611:
590:
571:
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543:
529:
87:
652:BirdLife International (2019).
1:
978:; Cooper, William T. (1978).
949:Voren, Howard (27 May 2009).
578:From the feral population in
1046:on the xeno canto collection
1803:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1819:
1040:- Internet Bird Collection
718:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
1338:
1111:Vinaceous-breasted amazon
1038:Videos, photos and sounds
670:: e.T22686332A154573813.
228:
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189:
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84:Scientific classification
82:
60:
51:
37:
28:
23:
1753:Parrots of South America
1237:Yellow-shouldered amazon
1012:- BirdLife International
399:Distribution and habitat
277:turquoise-fronted parrot
273:turquoise-fronted amazon
1798:Birds described in 1758
820:Santos, Susana (2006).
287:kept in captivity as a
1353:List of amazon parrots
789:March 2, 2009, at the
469:BirdLife International
333:) is found in eastern
254:
1783:Birds of the Pantanal
1262:Southern mealy amazon
1257:Northern mealy amazon
1225:Yellow-crowned amazon
1121:Red-spectacled amazon
802:Areta, J. I. (2007).
307:in his landmark 1758
245:
1778:Birds of the Cerrado
1284:Orange-winged amazon
1208:Yellow-headed amazon
1156:Lilac-crowned amazon
1136:Yellow-billed amazon
1131:White-fronted amazon
1006:- World Parrot Trust
980:Parrots of the World
509:double yellow-headed
493:yellow-headed amazon
24:Blue-fronted amazon
1343:Neotropical parrots
1242:Blue-fronted amazon
1220:Yellow-naped amazon
1188:Blue-cheeked amazon
1151:Puerto Rican amazon
1126:Black-billed amazon
716:Simpson DP (1979).
269:blue-fronted parrot
267:), also called the
259:blue-fronted amazon
234:Linnaeus, 1758
54:Conservation status
1773:Birds of Argentina
1678:Psittacus aestivus
1330:Blue-winged amazon
1289:St. Vincent amazon
1247:Scaly-naped amazon
1213:Tres Marías amazon
1178:Red-crowned amazon
1146:Hispaniolan amazon
976:Forshaw, Joseph M.
897:10.7717/peerj.5669
890:. 6:e5669: e5669.
810:Cotinga 27: 71–73.
537:A. a. xanthopteryx
341:A. a. xanthopteryx
255:
231:Psittacus aestivus
1768:Birds of Paraguay
1730:
1729:
1622:Open Tree of Life
1370:Taxon identifiers
1361:
1360:
1314:Martinique amazon
1309:Guadeloupe amazon
1279:Red-tailed amazon
1198:Red-necked amazon
1193:Red-browed amazon
1010:Species factsheet
938:978-85-61368-00-5
389:sexual dimorphism
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1763:Birds of Bolivia
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1203:St. Lucia amazon
1161:Red-lored amazon
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309:10th edition of
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1609:Observation.org
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1301:extinct species
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1274:Imperial amazon
1269:Kawall's amazon
1173:Diademed amazon
1166:Lilacine amazon
1092:
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1044:Calls and songs
1025:Amazona aestiva
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1004:Species profile
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855:Alderton, David
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806:Amazona aestiva
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69:Near Threatened
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1018:- Animal-World
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1016:Information
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699:Linnaeus, C
683:13 November
513:eat avocado
444:Puerto Rico
378:Description
151:Psittacidae
1737:Categories
1693:Q125105133
1661:Xeno-canto
969:Cited text
639:References
486:Aviculture
407:, eastern
368:interbreed
318:adjective
597:Wild bird
580:São Paulo
428:Stuttgart
417:Argentina
353:Argentina
169:Species:
107:Kingdom:
101:Eukaryota
38:Wild bird
1707:11017226
1687:Wikidata
1635:Species+
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566:, Brazil
450:Breeding
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331:nominate
320:aestivus
299:Taxonomy
275:and the
248:Pantanal
223:Synonyms
201:Linnaeus
147:Family:
121:Chordata
117:Phylum:
111:Animalia
97:Domain:
74:IUCN 3.1
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1715:ZooBank
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