413:(IOL). The IOL may be designed to filter out equal, more or less UV light than the natural lens (have a higher or lower cutoff), and therefore attenuate or accentuate the blue-light hazard function. The effects of long term exposure of UV, violet and blue light on the retina can then be studied. However, it has been argued that IOLs that remove more blue light than natural lenses negatively affect color vision and the circadian rhythm while not offering significant photoprotection. Systematic reviews found no evidence of any effect in IOLs filtering blue light, and none provided any reliable statistical evidence to suggest any effect regarding contrast sensitivity, macular degeneration, vision, color-discrimination or sleep disturbances. One study claimed a large difference in observed fluorescein angiography examinations and observed markedly less "progression of abnormal fundus autofluorescence"; however the authors failed to discuss the fact that the excitation beam is filtered light between 465 and 490 nm, is largely blocked by blue light filtering IOLs but not clear IOLs present in the control patients.
326:, a light sensitive protein that absorbs maximally at 480 nm, but has at least 10% efficiency in the range of 450-540 nm. The periodic (daily) exposure to sunlight generally tunes the circadian rhythm to a 24-hour cycle. However, exposure to light sources that excite melanopsin in the retina during nighttime can interfere with the circadian rhythm. Harvard Health Publishing asserts that exposure to blue light at night has a strong negative effect on sleep. The aforementioned ANSES report "highlights disruptive effects to biological rhythms and sleep, linked to exposure to even very low levels of blue light in the evening or at night, particularly via screens". A 2016 press release by the
187:
432:
simultaneously. To be effective against blue-light hazard, the glasses must be worn continuously, especially during the day when exposure is higher. However, to force blue-light exposure that mimics the normal daylight cycle, the glasses must only be worn at night, when the exposure is already quite low from a photoprotective perspective. Regardless, some evidence shows that lenses that block blue light before bedtime may be particularly useful for people with
36:
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as green light at 555 nm. For comparison, UV-A at 380 nm (V(λ)=0.000 039) requires 25 641 times the amount of radiometric energy to be perceived at the same intensity as green, three orders of magnitude greater than blue LEDs. Studies often compare animal trials using identical luminous
451:
Aggressive advertisements may contribute to the incorrect public perception of the purported dangers of blue light. Even when research has shown no evidence to support the use of blue-blocking filters as a clinical treatment for digital eye strain, ophthalmic lens manufacturers continue to market
431:
The efficacy of blue-blocking lenses in blocking blue light is not disputed, but whether typical exposure to blue light is hazardous enough to require blue blocking lenses is highly disputed. One problem with the glasses is that they cannot achieve positive outcomes in blue-light hazard and sleep
266:
LEDs, white light from lighting is generally produced by pairing a blue LED emitting primarily near 450 nm combined with a phosphor for down-conversion of some of the blue light to longer wavelengths, which then combine to form white light. This is often considered “the next generation of
427:
Lenses that filter blue light have been on the market for a long time in the form of brown-, orange-, and yellow-tinted sunglasses. These tinted lenses were popular for the belief that they enhanced contrast and depth perception, but after early research showing the health risks of blue light
296:
highlights short-term effects on the retina linked to intense exposure to blue LED light, and long-term effects linked to the onset of age-related macular degeneration. Although few studies have examined occupational causes of macular degeneration, they show that long-term sunlight exposure,
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342:
receptors in the eye. This suppresses daytime melatonin, enabling wakefulness. Working in blue-free light (aka yellow light) for long periods of time disrupts circadian patterns because there is no melatonin suppression during the day, and reduced melatonin rebound at night.
233:. Increasingly, blue blocking filters are being designed into glasses to avoid blue light's purported negative effects. However, there is no good evidence that filtering blue light with spectacles has any effect on eye health, eye strain, sleep quality or vision quality.
384:
Apple's and
Microsoft's operating systems and even the preset settings of standalone computer monitors include options to reduce blue-light emissions by adjusting color temperature to a warmer gamut. However, these settings dramatically reduce the size of the
375:
Concerns over exposure to blue light has predicated several solutions to decreasing blue light exposure, including disabling or attenuating blue LEDs in displays, color shifting displays towards yellow, or wearing glasses that filter out blue light.
1512:
Nagai, H.; Hirano, Y.; Yasukawa, T.; Morita, H.; Nozaki, M.; Wolf-Schnurrbusch, U.; Wolf, S.; Ogura, Y. (September 2015). "Prevention of increased abnormal fundus autofluorescence with blue light-filtering intraocular lenses".
334:
and white LED lamps have 5 times greater impact on circadian sleep rhythms than conventional street lamps. However, they also indicate that street lamp brightness is more strongly correlated to sleep outcomes.
261:
of blue light, so exposure to high levels of blue light is not a new or unique phenomenon despite the relatively recent emergence of LED display technologies. While LED displays emit white by exciting all
49:
448:, though less beneficial for healthy sleepers. The small number of studies contributing to those conclusions to date have methodological flaws or risks of bias, so further research is warranted.
1412:
Vagge, Aldo; Ferro
Desideri, Lorenzo; Del Noce, Chiara; Di Mola, Ilaria; Sindaco, Daniele; Traverso, Carlo E. (2021-03-18). "Blue light filtering ophthalmic lenses: A systematic review".
1204:
Barbaric J, Abbott R, Posadzki P, Car M, Gunn LH, Layton AM, Majeed A, Car J (January 2018). "Light therapies for acne: abridged
Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments".
972:
308:
assesses the photobiological safety of light sources. A proposed standard, IEC 62778, provides additional guidance in the assessment of blue-light hazard of all lighting products.
55:
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Blue LEDs, particularly those used in white LEDs, operate at around 450 nm, where V(λ)=0.038. This means that blue light at 450 nm requires about 25 times the
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1909:
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1950:
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781:. Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers. Université Paris Descartes, France.(Sorbonne University Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department): 296–307.
556:
Margrain TH, Boulton M, Marshall J, Sliney DH (September 2004). "Do blue light filters confer protection against age-related macular degeneration?".
1980:
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298:
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660:
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The circadian rhythm is a mechanism that regulates sleep patterns. One of the primary factors affecting the circadian rhythm is the excitation of
1377:
Mainster, Martin A.; Turner, Patricia L. (May 2010). "Blue-blocking IOLs
Decrease Photoreception Without Providing Significant Photoprotection".
393:
color blindness, thereby sacrificing the usability of the displays. The filters can be set on a schedule to activate only when the sun is down.
98:
85:
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published its position on the low risk of blue-light hazard resulting from the use of LED technology in general lighting bulbs in April 2019.
1805:"Interventions to reduce short-wavelength ("blue") light exposure at night and their effects on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
949:
1775:
521:
Glaz r-Hockstein C, Dunaief JL (January 2006). "Could blue light-blocking lenses decrease the risk of age-related macular degeneration?".
482:
was banned by the
Advertising Standards Authority for making claims that blue light glasses could improve sleep without substantiation.
1633:
Anderson, Kenneth V; Coyle, Frances P; O'Stben, W. Keith (1 May 1972). "Retinal degeneration produced by low-intensity colored light".
1668:
Ham, William T.; Mueller, Harold A.; Sliney, David H. (11 March 1976). "Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light".
648:
173:
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63:
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flux rather than radiance meaning comparative levels of perceived light at different frequencies rather than total emitted energy.
230:
134:
1334:
Bullough, John D.; Bierman, Andrew; Rea, Mark S. (3 April 2019). "Evaluating the blue-light hazard from solid state lighting".
691:
1320:
1062:"LEDs & blue light | Anses - Agence Nationale de sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail"
841:"LEDs & blue light | Anses - Agence nationale de sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail"
1913:
1958:
1587:
1000:"A "Melanopic" Spectral Efficiency Function Predicts the Sensitivity of Melanopsin Photoreceptors to Polychromatic Lights"
1091:
491:
441:
327:
1465:"Artificial, blue-light filtering lenses in the eye for protecting the macula (back of the eye) after cataract surgery"
914:
2026:
468:
1180:
647:
US. Department of energy. (2013). Solid-State
Lighting Technology Fact Sheet (Optical Safety of LEDs). Available at:
467:
fined them ÂŁ40,000. Boots
Opticians sold the lenses for a ÂŁ20 markup. Trevor Warburton, speaking on behalf of the UK
2031:
2021:
768:"Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources, protocols and rat strains reveals LED phototoxicity"
1804:
998:
Enezi, Jazi al; Revell, Victoria; Brown, Timothy; Wynne, Jonathan; Schlangen, Luc; Lucas, Robert (August 2011).
767:
297:
specifically its blue-light component, is associated with macular degeneration in outdoor workers. However, the
1988:
1803:
Shechter, Ari; Quispe, Kristal A; Mizhquiri
Barbecho, Jennifer S; Slater, Cody; Falzon, Louise (June 4, 2020).
1047:
456:
90:
2016:
745:"Kay & Laby;tables of physical & chemical constants;General physics;SubSection: 2.5.3 Photometry"
253:), as well as the blue appearance (higher color temperature) compared with traditional sources. However,
667:
363:
As with other types of light therapy, there is no good evidence that blue light is of use in treating
1677:
496:
246:
601:"Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults"
330:
concludes that there are negative effects on the circadian rhythm from the unrestrained use of LED
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https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/82_opticalsafety_fact-sheet.pdf
581:
1257:
Scott AM, Stehlik P, Clark J, Zhang D, Yang Z, Hoffmann T, Mar CD, Glasziou P (November 2019).
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for their unsubstantiated claims regarding their line of blue-light filtering lenses; and the
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stated: "...current evidence does not support making claims that they prevent eye disease.".
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1719:
Hovis, Jeffery K.; Lovasik, John V.; Cullen, Anthony P.; Kothe, Angela C. (October 1989).
460:
241:
Blue LEDs are often the target of blue-light research due to the increasing prevalence of
1831:
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625:
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exposure, became more popular for the purported health benefits of blocking blue light.
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891:
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202:
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599:
Singh S, Keller PR, Busija L, McMillan P, Makrai E, Lawrenson JG, et al. (2023).
2010:
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824:"Light-emitting-diode induced retinal damage and its wavelength dependency in vivo"
823:
802:
616:
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Blue light is essential for regulating the circadian rhythm, because it stimulates
331:
271:
267:
illumination” as SSL technology dramatically reduces energy resource requirements.
1425:
1347:
1061:
938:
Tsankov, Plamen Ts. (2020). "Lighting
Technologies". In Pavlovic, Tomislav (ed.).
840:
939:
17:
1863:"A double-blind test of blue-blocking filters on symptoms of digital eye strain"
390:
242:
1526:
1114:
1160:
Rosenfield, Mark (2016). "Computer vision syndrome (aka digital eye strain)".
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882:
352:
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323:
190:
Blue light, a type of high-energy light, is part of the visible light spectrum
1744:
1611:
1433:
1259:"Blue-Light Therapy for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1016:
999:
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305:
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1840:
1721:"Physical Characteristics and Perceptual Effects of "Blue-Blocking" Lenses"
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Agency for Food, Environmental and
Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
76:
1752:
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1557:
722:
1697:
867:"Macular degeneration and occupational risk factors: a systematic review"
433:
254:
250:
217:, which has a number of purported negative biological effects, namely on
973:"The IEC addresses characterization of the blue light hazard (MAGAZINE)"
1878:
829:. International Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 10, No. 2. Feb 18, 2017.
422:
1937:"BOOTS OPTICIANS FINED ÂŁ40,000 OVER MISLEADING BLUE LIGHT ADVERTISING"
1776:"There's no evidence that blue‑light blocking glasses help with sleep"
1217:
1087:"AMA adopts guidance to reduce harm from high intensity street lights"
1689:
1274:
222:
915:"Position Statement on the Blue Light Hazard (April 23, 2019) | CIE"
386:
185:
1572:
1181:"Blue-light glasses don't help with eye strain, major study says"
445:
206:
944:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 261.
871:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
355:, but there is no robust evidence to support this hypothesis.
263:
117:
70:
29:
865:
Modenese, Alberto; Gobba, Fabriziomaria (September 6, 2018).
723:"Colorimetry -- Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers"
1521:(9). Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: 1855–9.
1336:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
1113:
Beaulé, C.; Robinson, B.; Lamont, E. W.; Amir, S. (2003).
1463:
Downie, L. E.; Busija, L.; Keller, P. R. (May 22, 2018).
1957:. Advertising Standards Authority. Archived from
661:"Product family datasheet:Cree® XLamp® XM-L LEDs"
1910:"Optical chain fined $ 69,000 for misleading ad"
725:. International Organization for Standardization
1321:"Set your display for night time in Windows 10"
452:them as lenses that reduce digital eye strain.
351:Blue light has been implicated as the cause of
389:of the display, as they essentially simulate
8:
1469:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1115:"Melanopsin in the circadian timing system"
692:"Technical Data Sheet X42182(Z-power LEDs)"
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1861:M, Rosenfield; RT, Li; NT, Kirsch (2020).
1515:Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
474:In July 2022, a Gamer Advantage advert on
423:Glasses § Blue-light blocking glasses
1830:
1820:
1488:
1282:
1225:
1050:. Harvard Health Letter. August 13, 2018.
1015:
890:
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174:Learn how and when to remove this message
156:Learn how and when to remove this message
101:of all important aspects of the article.
513:
1981:"Gamer Advantage's Blue-Light Glasses"
274:(energy) for one to perceive the same
97:Please consider expanding the lead to
1798:
1796:
941:The Sun and Photovoltaic Technologies
7:
1575:. Ophthalmic Photographers' Society.
1560:. Ophthalmic Photographers' Society.
1307:"How to use Night Shift on your Mac"
140:Please help consolidate the article.
2037:Sleeplessness and sleep deprivation
1420:(7). Informa UK Limited: 541–548.
787:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.015
747:. National Physical Laboratory; UK
25:
1908:Woodley, Matthew (May 31, 2017).
1586:Clark, B. a. J. (November 1969).
1391:10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.07.006
1119:Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
666:. Cree. p. 4. Archived from
45:This article has multiple issues.
1737:10.1097/00006324-198910000-00004
1604:10.1097/00006324-196911000-00004
697:. pp. 12–13. Archived from
570:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.05.001
535:10.1097/00006982-200601000-00001
231:age-related macular degeneration
122:
75:
34:
1935:Powell, Selina (May 26, 2017).
465:Advertising Standards Authority
89:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
1481:10.1002/14651858.CD011977.pub2
1179:LaMotte, Sandee (2023-08-17).
617:10.1002/14651858.CD013244.pub2
99:provide an accessible overview
1:
1822:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaa002
1426:10.1080/08820538.2021.1900283
1348:10.1080/10803548.2017.1375172
1004:Journal of Biological Rhythms
409:is replaced with a synthetic
201:) is short-wave light in the
1725:Optometry and Vision Science
1647:10.1016/0014-4886(72)90149-5
1592:Optometry and Vision Science
1571:Bennett, Timothy J. (2017).
1556:Bennett, Timothy J. (2017).
1092:American Medical Association
1048:"Blue Light Has A Dark Side"
492:Fluorescent lamps and health
442:delayed sleep phase disorder
328:American Medical Association
1558:"Equipment & Technique"
469:Association of Optometrists
304:The international standard
2053:
1588:"Color in Sunglass Lenses"
1573:"Fluorescein Fundamentals"
1527:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.01.017
605:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
523:Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)
420:
417:Blue light blocking lenses
315:
292:A 2019 report by France's
209:band from 400 to 450
1912:. Insight. Archived from
1475:(5). Cochrane: CD011977.
1414:Seminars in Ophthalmology
883:10.1007/s00420-018-1355-y
195:High-energy visible light
1017:10.1177/0748730411409719
135:too many section headers
1379:Survey of Ophthalmology
766:Krigel, Arthur (2016).
457:General Optical Council
1987:. 2022. Archived from
1635:Experimental Neurology
257:has a relatively high
191:
1951:"Gamer Advantage LLC"
1867:Work (Reading, Mass.)
1265:(Systematic review).
1162:Optometry in Practice
405:, the opaque natural
283:Physiological effects
229:), which can lead to
189:
1985:Truth in Advertising
1916:on September 3, 2019
497:Phase response curve
247:Solid-state lighting
1682:1976Natur.260..153H
1131:10.1385/JMN:21:1:73
371:Blue light blocking
27:Blue-light toxicity
2027:Technology hazards
1939:. Optometry Today.
1879:10.3233/WOR-203086
558:Prog Retin Eye Res
397:Intraocular lenses
353:digital eye strain
192:
1676:(5547): 153–155.
1323:. March 13, 2019.
1309:. March 13, 2019.
1218:10.1111/bjd.15495
1208:(Meta-analysis).
979:. 15 January 2014
951:978-3-030-22402-8
502:Ultraviolet light
288:Blue light hazard
227:blue-light hazard
184:
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18:Blue-light hazard
16:(Redirected from
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2032:Circadian rhythm
2022:Optical spectrum
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1068:. 13 August 2019
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847:. 13 August 2019
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438:bipolar disorder
411:intraocular lens
407:crystalline lens
403:cataract surgery
318:Circadian rhythm
312:Circadian rhythm
259:spectral density
255:natural sunlight
251:LED illumination
219:circadian rhythm
215:visible spectrum
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611:(8): CD013244.
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461:Boots Opticians
459:has criticised
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380:Digital filters
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332:street lighting
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751:December 9,
729:December 9,
387:color gamut
359:Dermatology
2011:Categories
1190:2023-08-24
1099:2020-01-29
1072:2020-01-29
924:2019-07-24
851:2020-01-29
708:2020-06-19
677:2020-06-19
529:(1): 1–4.
508:References
421:See also:
347:Eye strain
340:melanopsin
324:melanopsin
237:Background
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133:may have
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