312:
dunes created by dredging of sea sand. The nest tunnel can run nearly 2 metres deep. About 5 to 7 near spherical eggs are laid. Both the male and the female take care of the eggs. The parents guard the nest to prevent intraspecific brood parasitism and extra pair copulation. These birds also feed and roost communally. One or two helpers may join the breeding pair after incubation begins. Although males and females appear similar to the human eye, males tend to have longer central tail feather extensions and UV reflectance studies demonstrate that healthy males had darker chestnut throats and brighter green body plumage while females showed brighter blue rumps and yellow chins.
215:
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with closely placed nest holes in a vertical mudbank or even burrowing into gently sloping land. They tend to choose sandy and sandy clay loams but avoid heavier clay loams. They also prefer clear mud banks without any vegetation cover. In Sri Lanka, they have been noted to breed in artificial sand
303:
which however tends to be found in drier areas. The blue-tailed differs in having the rump and tail blue rather than green and black. The undertail feathers are bluish rather than green in the blue-cheeked. The blue cheek patch is much smaller while the chestnut on the throat and breast darker and
261:
This species, like other bee-eaters, is a richly coloured, slender bird. It is predominantly green; its face has a narrow blue patch with a black eye stripe, and a yellow and brown throat; the tail is blue and the beak is black. The three outer toes are united around their bases. It can reach a
373:
The species has a patchy breeding distribution across India, Myanmar, and parts of
Southeast Asia. In India they are known to breed in several of the river valleys including those of the Godavari, Kaveri, Tunga Badra and Krishna rivers. They also nest in the eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
878:
Valera, Francisco; Gómez-Moracho, Tamara; Yuan, Hsiao-Wei; Muñoz, Irene; de la Rúa, Pilar; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Chen, Ying-Lan; Higes, Mariano (2017). "Any role for the dissemination of Nosema spores by the blue-tailed bee-eater Merops philippinus?".
262:
length of 23–26 cm, including the two elongated central tail feathers which can be just two inches more than the remaining ten feathers. Sexes are alike. This species is usually found near water and like other bee-eaters it predominantly eats flying
253:, and seen seasonally in many parts but breeding colonially in small areas across their range, mostly in river valleys, where they nest by tunneling into loamy sand banks. They are seen mostly in open habitats close to water.
681:
Wang, Yi-Ping; Siefferman, Lynn; Wang, Yuan-Jyun; Ding, Tzung-Su; Chiou, Chyi-Rong; Shieh, Bao-Sen; Hsu, Fu-Shung; Yuan, Hsiao-Wei (2009). "Nest site restoration increases the breeding density of blue-tailed bee-eaters".
284:, which are caught in the air by sorties from an open perch. They may also forage in flight over estuaries, backwaters and even over the sea but not far from the coast. This species probably takes bees and
358:
in the droppings of blue-tailed bee-eaters, it has been suggested that they may be capable of distributing the parasite to bees across a wide geographic range. A species of feather louse,
381:
at some places like
Tanjung Tuan (W. Malaysia) and Promsri Hill (southern Thailand). They are winter visitors in parts of Malaysia and peninsular India. The non-breeding ranges of the
720:
Hewavithana, K.; Pieris, A.L.; Peries, T.N.; Wijesinghe, M.R. (2017). "Discovery of a large nesting colony of the blue-tailed bee-eater (Merops philippinus) in Oluvil, Amparad".
815:
Marks, Ben D.; Weckstein, Jason D.; Moyle, Robert G. (2007). "Molecular phylogenetics of the bee-eaters (Aves: Meropidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data".
288:
in roughly equal numbers. The insects that are caught are beaten on the perch to kill and break the exoskeleton. This habit is seen in many other members of the order
429:
1708:
592:
469:
1760:
1064:"Seasonal occurrence, migrations and habitat relationships of blue-tailed and blue-throated bee-eaters Merops philippinus and M. viridis in Peninsular Malaysia"
1827:
448:
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1005:"Mass northbound migration of Blue-tailed Merops philippinus and Blue-throated M. viridis Bee-eaters in southern Thailand, spring 2007–2008"
391:
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1031:"Merops Migration at Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia: An Important Spring Bee-eater Migration Watchsite in South-east Asia"
1477:
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752:
1412:
1387:
1382:
1333:
1257:
922:
Williams, N. Sandra (1981). "The
Brueelia (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) of the Meropidae (Aves: Coraciiformes)".
628:"Soil composition affects the nesting behavior of blue-tailed bee-eaters (Merops philippinus) on Kinmen Island"
74:
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1457:
1427:
1422:
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626:
Yuan, Hsiao-Wei; Wang, Ming-Kuang; Chang, Wen-Lian; Wang, Lee-Ping; Chen, Yue-Min; Chiou, Chyi-Rong (2006).
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Meropidae. It is widely distributed across South and
Southeast Asia where many populations are strongly
169:
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Blue-tailed bee-eaters are seasonal in many parts of their range and are known to migrate diurnally
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69:
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784:"Sexual Dichromatism, Dimorphism, and Condition-Dependent Coloration in Blue-Tailed Bee-Eaters"
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739:
Burt, D. Brent (2002). "Social and
Breeding Biology of Bee-Eaters in Thailand".
321:
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and blue-tailed overlap in some parts of
Gujarat and western peninsular India.
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which is a close sister taxon, the two forming a clade with the
Madagascan
1219:
782:
Siefferman, Lynn; Wang, Yuan-Jyun; Wang, Yi-Ping; Yuan, Hsiao-Wei (2007).
1778:
1554:
1195:
Phillips, W. W. A. (1956). "Prolonged Stay of the Blue-tailed Bee-eater (
1120:"Status of Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus in south-western India"
360:
106:
1118:
Gosavi, P.; Mannar, H.; Sumesh, P. B.; Vinay, K. L.; Saleem, M. (2019).
935:
1687:
1610:
1179:"Nesting of Blue Tailed Bee-eaters in Amravati District of Maharashtra"
1047:
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96:
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1154:. Helm identification guides. London: Christopher Helm Publishers.
1659:
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219:
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277:
239:
116:
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615:(2 ed.). Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 106–108.
292:. They call mainly in flight with a rolling chirping whistling
487:
485:
267:
1003:
DeCandido, Robert; Nualsri, Chukiat; Allen, Deborah (2010).
753:
10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0275:SABBOB]2.0.CO;2
365:
has been described from hosts of this species in
Thailand.
564:. Pusa: Agricultural Research Institute. pp. 164–165.
1029:
DeCandido, Robert; Allen, Deborah; Yosef, Reuven (2004).
578:
A monograph of the
Meropidae, or the family of bee-eaters
332:. In the past the species has been treated variously as
547:(4 ed.). London: Gurney and Jackson. p. 297.
613:
Handbook of the Birds of India and
Pakistan. Volume 4
464:
The Blue-tailed bee-eater is listed as a species of
299:
The only confusable species within its range is the
1544:
1346:
1324:
1299:
1285:
1148:Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1999).
517:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683750A92998513.en
320:This species has sometimes been considered to be
951:"On the breeding of the Blue-tailed Bee-eater (
558:Mason, C.W. (1911). Maxwell-Lefroy, H. (ed.).
470:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1258:
1101:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
986:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
959:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
8:
307:They breed in April to May in India nesting
1190:. Vol. 44, no. 2. pp. 21–22.
924:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
1532:
1265:
1251:
1243:
864:Check-list of birds of the World. Volume 5
591:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
48:
29:
20:
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955:) in Rajahmundri, East Godavari district"
856:
854:
799:
515:
867:. Harvard University Press. p. 235.
481:
387:
611:Ali, Salim; Ripley, S. Dillon (1983).
584:
817:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
454:Blue-tailed bee-eater range migration
7:
1516:
715:
713:
606:
604:
602:
536:
534:
1828:IUCN Red List least concern species
1151:Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers
503:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
352:Based on the presence of spores of
14:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1230:
1218:
544:Popular Handbook of Indian Birds
447:
428:
409:
390:
73:
1097:Linnaeus in western Saurashtra"
1071:The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
881:Journal of Apicultural Research
492:BirdLife International (2016).
1197:Merops philippinus philippinus
953:Merops superciliosus javanicus
1:
901:10.1080/00218839.2017.1306375
982:Linnaeus, nesting in Ceylon"
704:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.013
342:M. superciliosus philippinus
1858:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1187:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1035:J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol
949:Neelakantan, K. K. (1948).
837:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.004
1874:
1493:Southern carmine bee-eater
1488:Northern carmine bee-eater
1438:Cinnamon-chested bee-eater
1177:Kasambe, R. (April 2004).
978:"The Bluetailed Bee-eater
861:Peters, James Lee (1945).
561:The Food of Birds in India
369:Distribution and movements
338:M. superciliosus javanicus
1501:
1478:Chestnut-headed bee-eater
1408:Blue-moustached bee-eater
652:10.1007/s11284-006-0183-9
581:. London. pp. 55–61.
200:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1843:Birds of the Philippines
1413:Rufous-crowned bee-eater
1388:Swallow-tailed bee-eater
1383:White-throated bee-eater
1334:Purple-bearded bee-eater
1089:Dharmakumarsinhji, K. S.
801:10.1093/condor/109.3.577
510:: e.T22683750A92998513.
316:Taxonomy and systematics
304:covering a larger area.
1853:Birds described in 1767
1458:Blue-throated bee-eater
1428:Blue-breasted bee-eater
1423:White-fronted bee-eater
1378:Arabian green bee-eater
1373:African green bee-eater
1338:Blue-breasted bee-eater
1062:Nisbet, I.C.T. (2013).
684:Biological Conservation
541:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
348:Ecological interactions
218:Blue-tailed Bee eater,
1443:Black-headed bee-eater
1418:Red-throated bee-eater
1363:Blue-cheeked bee-eater
1316:Blue-bearded bee-eater
1199:) in Eastern Ceylon".
1093:"Bluetailed Bee-eater
976:Norris, C. E. (1963).
575:Dresser, H.E. (1886).
383:blue-cheeked bee-eater
326:blue-cheeked bee-eater
301:blue-cheeked bee-eater
222:
24:Blue-tailed bee-eater
1403:Blue-headed bee-eater
1393:Blue-tailed bee-eater
1368:Asian green bee-eater
1311:Red-bearded bee-eater
418:Bundala National Park
334:M. persicus javanicus
227:blue-tailed bee-eater
217:
1227:at Wikimedia Commons
1848:Birds of New Guinea
1838:Birds of Indomalaya
1433:Ethiopian bee-eater
893:2017JApiR..56..262V
829:2007MolPE..45...23M
741:The Wilson Bulletin
696:2009BCons.142.1748W
644:2006EcoR...21..510Y
632:Ecological Research
161:M. philippinus
40:Conservation status
1805:Merops-philippinus
1603:merops-philippinus
1590:Merops_philippinus
1576:Merops philippinus
1546:Merops philippinus
1473:European bee-eater
1237:Merops philippinus
1225:Merops philippinus
1095:Merops philippinus
1048:10.3312/jyio.36.15
980:Merops philippinus
496:Merops philippinus
437:Yala National Park
232:Merops philippinus
223:
179:Merops philippinus
1815:
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1787:Open Tree of Life
1538:Taxon identifiers
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1468:Rainbow bee-eater
1223:Media related to
270:(as large as the
220:Dhaka, Bangladesh
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1453:Böhm's bee-eater
1448:Somali bee-eater
1358:Little bee-eater
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1235:Data related to
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1201:Spolia Zeylanica
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1398:Black bee-eater
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1327:
1323:
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1298:
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1279:
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1233:
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1217:
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1206:
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1198:
1193:
1189:
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1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:9780713652062
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1133:(4): 117–119.
1132:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1076:
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983:
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918:
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865:
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834:
830:
826:
822:
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811:
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797:
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766:
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746:
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723:
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629:
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531:
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513:
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486:
482:
475:
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471:
467:
466:least concern
459:
450:
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438:
431:
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423:
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412:
407:
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393:
388:
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335:
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315:
313:
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305:
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297:
295:
291:
290:Coraciiformes
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
269:
266:, especially
265:
256:
254:
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248:
245:
241:
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234:
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208:
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174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Coraciiformes
125:
122:
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118:
115:
112:
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108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1545:
1392:
1347:
1325:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1280:: Meropidae)
1204:
1200:
1196:
1185:
1150:
1130:
1127:Indian Birds
1126:
1113:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1057:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1015:
1011:
998:
989:
985:
979:
971:
962:
958:
952:
944:
927:
923:
917:
884:
880:
873:
863:
823:(1): 23–32.
820:
816:
810:
791:
787:
777:
744:
740:
734:
725:
721:
687:
683:
676:
635:
631:
621:
612:
577:
570:
560:
553:
543:
521:. Retrieved
507:
501:
495:
463:
378:
376:
372:
363:superciliosa
359:
353:
351:
341:
337:
333:
319:
306:
298:
293:
271:
260:
231:
230:
226:
224:
203:M. javanicus
202:
201:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1696:iNaturalist
1675:philippinus
1570:Wikispecies
728:(1): 11–16.
523:12 November
322:conspecific
286:dragonflies
257:Description
1822:Categories
1800:Xeno-canto
1302:Nyctyornis
1274:Bee-eaters
1107:: 351–352.
1077:: 219–223.
965:: 741–742.
788:The Condor
747:(2): 275.
476:References
399:Powai Lake
309:colonially
1833:Meropidae
1326:Meropogon
1207:(1): 109.
1041:: 15–21.
761:0043-5643
722:Wildlanka
660:0912-3814
587:cite book
441:Sri Lanka
422:Sri Lanka
324:with the
251:migratory
244:bee-eater
155:Species:
137:Meropidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1740:22683750
1714:10880738
1629:22683750
1624:BirdLife
1555:Wikidata
1511:Category
1170:42136069
1091:(1958).
1018:: 42–48.
1012:Forktail
936:25084186
909:90089790
845:17716922
769:86185603
668:24574485
379:en masse
361:Brueelia
273:Xylocopa
195:Synonyms
186:Linnaeus
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1688:2475452
1665:btbeat1
1639:btbeat1
1611:Avibase
1521:Commons
1293:Species
889:Bibcode
825:Bibcode
692:Bibcode
640:Bibcode
468:by the
435:In the
416:In the
397:At the
282:hornets
264:insects
242:in the
235:) is a
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1792:372777
1766:457331
1727:554659
1598:ARKive
1561:Q31884
1349:Merops
1278:family
1168:
1158:
992:: 259.
934:
907:
843:
767:
759:
666:
658:
460:Status
340:, and
276:sp.),
247:family
188:, 1767
148:Merops
1779:71176
1709:IRMNG
1660:eBird
1652:3ZW5M
1636:BOW:
1287:Genus
1182:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
1008:(PDF)
932:JSTOR
905:S2CID
765:S2CID
664:S2CID
403:India
294:teerp
278:wasps
1761:NCBI
1735:IUCN
1722:ITIS
1701:2212
1683:GBIF
1166:OCLC
1156:ISBN
841:PMID
757:ISSN
656:ISSN
593:link
525:2021
508:2016
280:and
268:bees
240:bird
225:The
117:Aves
1748:NBN
1647:CoL
1585:ADW
1043:doi
897:doi
833:doi
796:doi
792:109
749:doi
745:114
700:doi
688:142
648:doi
512:doi
1824::
1802::
1789::
1776::
1763::
1750::
1737::
1724::
1711::
1698::
1685::
1662::
1649::
1626::
1613::
1600::
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1336:*
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1131:15
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1125:.
1105:55
1103:.
1099:.
1075:29
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1033:.
1016:26
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1010:.
990:60
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903:.
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712:^
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686:.
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636:21
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601:^
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585:{{
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336:,
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899::
891::
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835::
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804:.
798::
771:.
751::
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706:.
702::
694::
670:.
650::
642::
595:)
527:.
514::
498:"
494:"
229:(
62:)
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