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sequence and timing of the hatching of chicks is correlated with size, with the first-born chick having the greatest mass. Parents lay two to seven eggs with a survival of zero to three chicks raised to fledging. The chicks normally die in order, starting from youngest and smallest. The observed death rate in chicks was largely caused by sibling attacks by utilizing a sharp hook on the upper bill, later lost in development, and inflicting wounds on the naked head of other chicks. Those chicks who are older have time to grow more contour feathers, protecting them from damaging attacks. Siblicide is common among other birds to increase the larger and older chick's survival with greater access to food by the parents. Sibling attacks are more common among birds when food is scarce and monopolized. In the blue-throated bee-eater's case, insects are delivered one by one to the chicks, making food easily monopolized to chicks with the greater advantage. Increasing brood size did not increase the survival of the chicks. Decreasing body mass is correlated with increasing wounds and scars found on the individual chicks, which increased the likelihood of death.
502:, and end up on the west coast of Malaysia. The observed flight locomotion from Tanjung Tuan, west coast of Malaysia, was a combination of flapping and gliding flight. Occasionally, they would use the air currents from the sea-breeze to soar upwards. Once reaching land, they would rest on the lighthouse and tree branches for up to ten minutes before continuing eastward. This migration was observed from 2000 to 2001 with a total of 2,226 bee-eaters, with 1353 blue-tailed bee-eaters, 222 blue-throated bee-eaters, and the rest unidentified. The most observed migrating bee-eaters occurred on 21 March 2000 between 1-2PM. The high number observations of bee-eaters were most likely due to the strong thermals that formed over Sumatra, allowing them to soar over the sea-breeze with ease. High numbers of bee-eaters were also observed to migrate when there were high westerly winds blowing towards Malaysia. Blue-throated bee-eaters also migrate onto breeding grounds of western China during breeding season as shown in the range map above.
31:
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442:, Kerala South India. They live in lower elevations between 0–670 meters. Their habitat includes a wide variety of flat plains, such as farmland, suburban gardens, riversides, dunes, and sandy clearings. In the winter, some blue-throated bee-eaters move to forest canopies and saltwater channels of mangrove forests. They often dig burrows horizontally into flat ground, allowing easier access compared to burrows in sand cliffs of other bee-eaters. Colony sizes range from 50 to 200 pairs or living completely solitary in the open country.
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2016. Humans have impacted avian richness in the hill dipterocarp tropical rainforests in
Malaysia. Logging and destruction of rainforests can impact not only individual bird species, but also the diversity of birds in the region. Diversity of species can bounce back within thirty years post-logging and was observed to have higher species richness in terms of bird diversity and numbers compared to recently logged forests.
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with highest success rate of their catches in sunny conditions. Observations found no feeding activities during rain and right after showers. Their feeding patterns are well-matched with the seasonal weather patterns. The highest feeding rate is during breeding season, perfectly matching the sunniest
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Blue-throated bee-eaters have a generation rate of around 6.2 years. They practice asynchronous brooding, meaning parents begin brooding at different times. This results in hatching of chicks at different times. The eggs hatch over a period of ten days with an average spread of 4.43 ±12.15 days. The
510:
Humans act as a threat to blue-throated bee-eater habitats. They have been characterized as "least concern" in terms of conservational status, which is determined by a combination of range distribution, population stability, habitat loss, and potential threats. This was last assessed on
October 1,
382:
Adult blue-throated bee-eaters grow to around 21 cm, with an additional 9 cm including tail streamers. They weigh around 34 to 41 grams. Adults have spectacular plumage with a red crown and nape, dark green wings, blue tail, light green breast, white belly, and the signature blue throat.
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characterized as longcalls, alarm calls, chirps, low chirps, purrs, sharp coos, trills, and feeding calls. Longcalls have been observed to communicate long distances and are recognizable by their volume and intensity. A longcall is performed either during flight or on a perch by stretching and
300:
between islands in southeast Asia or onto mainland of Asia. One notable seasonal spring migration occurs from
Sumatra, across the Strait of Malacca, and ending on the west coast of Malaysia. They also migrate from southeast Asia to breeding grounds in western China during breeding season.
296:, which means that chicks hatch at different times, often pairing with siblicide. Older chicks are not only larger and able to withstand larger wounds from other siblings, but also have the ability to monopolize the food they are fed by parents. There has been several observations of
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Juveniles develop their full plumage later, with mostly green coloration all over their body. They have a dark green head and wings and light green breast. Both adults and juveniles have black eye patches. Eye color can range between red and brown, or a combination.
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Conservation status of the blue-throated bee-eaters is of "least concern" due to their large distribution and stability of its population as of 2016. However, deforestation may be its biggest threat, destroying its habitat and decreasing other bird diversities.
285:, dark green wings, light green breast, and their signature blue throat. Juvenile plumage contain dark green head and wings and light green breasts, only developing their full plumage in adulthood. They have a rich variety of
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They predominantly feed on flying insects such as bees and wasps. Other insects caught include flies, beetles, and other bugs up to 42mm. A large percentage of the blue-throated bee eater's diet consists of
780:
Huang, Zuhao; Tu, Feiyun; Ke, Dianhua (2016). "Complete
Mitochondrial Genome of Blue-Throated Bee-eater Merops viridis (Coraciiformes: Meropidae) with its Taxonomic Consideration".
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1032:"Assessing the Effects of Logging Activities on Avian Richness and Diversity in Different Aged Post-Harvested Hill Dipterocarp Tropical Rainforest of Malaysia"
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Bryant, David M.; Tatner, Paul (1990-04-01). "Hatching asynchrony, sibling competition and siblicide in nestling birds: Studies of swiftlets and bee-eaters".
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760:"Breeding behaviour of a tropical bird: a study of the blue-throated Bee-eater (Merops viridis) using relational database and DNA fingerprinting"
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Collar, N.J. 2011. Species limits in some
Philippine birds including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus. Forktail number 27: 29–38.
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pointing their bill upwards, known as a “longcall” posture. Chirps are short and sharp with regular intervals, often used during digs.
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Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
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986:"Merops Migration at Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia: An Important Spring Bee-eater Migration Watchsite in South-east Asia"
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432:. On 26 May 2013, this species was sighted by sasidharan manekkara and photographed from, the breeding colony of
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Year round distribution in red and breeding location in blue of blue-throated bee-eaters in
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and calls, including longcalls which allow them to communicate long distances in the forest.
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716:. Vol. 6: Mousebirds to Hornbills. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 286–341 .
591:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 117.
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Mock, Douglas W. (1985). "Siblicidal Brood
Reduction: The Prey-Size Hypothesis".
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614:. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 237.
281:. Blue-throated bee-eaters are small with colorful plumage consisting of a red
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Although uncommon, they are sometimes kept as pets and used for horticulture.
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are recognised. The blue-throated bee-eater was formerly considered to be
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They have a wide distribution ranging from southeastern China to the
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ETheses from
Faculty of Natural Sciences Legacy Departments
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DeCandido, Robert; Allen, Deborah; Yosef, Reuven (2004).
712:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
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Courtship offering of an insect from male to female
990:Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology
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814:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
561:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725900A94905359.en
424:. Other locations with greater dispersal include
408:. The most concentrated distribution is found in
391:Blue-throated bee-eaters make a combination of
292:Blue-throated bee-eaters practice asynchronous
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628:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
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1030:Rajpar, M. N.; Zakaria, M. (2014-09-01).
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839:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
631:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 403.
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486:Each spring, blue-throated bee-eaters (
269:forests. Their diet consists mostly of
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843:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
664:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
547:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
714:Handbook of the Birds of the World
317:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
261:family. They are found throughout
239:Blue-throated Bee-eater from India
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668:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
611:Check-list of Birds of the World
439:Merops philippinus)near , Kannur
354:meaning "green". The species is
313:The blue-throated bee-eater was
82:
709:"Family Meropidae (Bee-eaters)"
536:BirdLife International (2016).
1:
1049:10.3844/ajassp.2014.1519.1529
897:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80377-X
342:is the Indonesian island of
1695:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
782:Pakistan Journal of Zoology
265:in subtropical or tropical
1721:
1337:Southern carmine bee-eater
1332:Northern carmine bee-eater
1282:Cinnamon-chested bee-eater
625:Jobling, James A. (2010).
228:Chestnut-headed bee-eater
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1322:Chestnut-headed bee-eater
1252:Blue-moustached bee-eater
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79:Scientific classification
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1257:Rufous-crowned bee-eater
1232:Swallow-tailed bee-eater
1227:White-throated bee-eater
1178:Purple-bearded bee-eater
758:Stader, Lulu D. (1994).
662:, eds. (December 2023).
554:: e.T22725900A94905359.
400:Distribution and habitat
368:rufous-crowned bee-eater
24:Blue-throated bee-eater
1705:Birds of Southeast Asia
1690:Birds described in 1758
1302:Blue-throated bee-eater
1272:Blue-breasted bee-eater
1267:White-fronted bee-eater
1222:Arabian green bee-eater
1217:African green bee-eater
1182:Blue-breasted bee-eater
928:The American Naturalist
796:(inactive 2024-09-17).
346:. The specific epithet
245:blue-throated bee-eater
1287:Black-headed bee-eater
1262:Red-throated bee-eater
1207:Blue-cheeked bee-eater
1160:Blue-bearded bee-eater
506:Relationship to humans
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406:Greater Sundas Islands
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1247:Blue-headed bee-eater
1237:Blue-tailed bee-eater
1212:Asian green bee-eater
1155:Red-bearded bee-eater
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434:blue-tailed bee-eater
238:
1685:Birds of South China
446:Behavior and ecology
1277:Ethiopian bee-eater
766:– via STORRE.
49:Conservation status
1317:European bee-eater
1080:2008-10-07 at the
1003:10.3312/jyio.36.15
706:Fry, C.H. (2001).
658:; Donsker, David;
500:Straits of Malacca
492:Merops philippinus
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331:under the current
315:formally described
253:) is a species of
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1608:Open Tree of Life
1382:Taxon identifiers
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1312:Rainbow bee-eater
723:978-84-87334-30-6
660:Rasmussen, Pamela
638:978-1-4081-2501-4
606:Peters, James Lee
372:Merops americanus
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1075:Image at ADW
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1543:iNaturalist
1414:Wikispecies
656:Gill, Frank
567:12 November
475:dragonflies
416:, southern
378:Description
364:conspecific
279:dragonflies
42:, Malaysia
1669:Categories
1634:Xeno-canto
1146:Nyctyornis
1118:Bee-eaters
848:2019-12-05
518:References
360:subspecies
1170:Meropogon
1058:1546-9239
1012:1348-5032
948:0003-0147
905:0003-3472
802:0030-9923
482:Migration
410:Singapore
366:with the
356:monotypic
298:migration
259:bee-eater
164:Species:
146:Meropidae
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
1587:22725900
1561:10218061
1460:22725900
1455:BirdLife
1399:Wikidata
1355:Category
1078:Archived
956:84218162
913:53195864
585:(1758).
451:Breeding
422:Thailand
418:Cambodia
414:Malaysia
309:Taxonomy
294:brooding
267:mangrove
221:Synonyms
195:Linnaeus
142:Family:
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
1647:ZooBank
1613:1009866
1535:2475449
1522:1050047
1509:btbeat2
1483:btbeat2
1442:Avibase
1405:Q863179
1365:Commons
1137:Species
674:16 June
496:Sumatra
348:viridis
325:of his
321:in the
257:in the
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
1600:135176
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1193:Merops
1122:family
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426:Borneo
338:. The
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157:Merops
40:Borneo
1626:10444
1556:IRMNG
1504:eBird
1496:3ZW5S
1480:BOW:
1131:Genus
952:S2CID
909:S2CID
358:: no
352:Latin
287:songs
275:wasps
1595:NCBI
1582:IUCN
1569:ITIS
1530:GBIF
1468:BOLD
1054:ISSN
1008:ISSN
944:ISSN
901:ISSN
816:link
798:ISSN
718:ISBN
676:2024
633:ISBN
569:2021
552:2016
430:Java
428:and
344:Java
283:nape
271:bees
255:bird
243:The
199:1758
126:Aves
1621:TSA
1517:EoL
1491:CoL
1429:ADW
1044:doi
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