472:
111:
69:
391:(often in canyons), pine-oak forest, and mixed coniferous forests. In central and southern Mexico it tends to favor coniferous forests. In Arizona it is found in the "sky island" mountain ranges, seldom below 1,300 m (4,300 ft) of elevation. Near Mexico City it occurs between 3,600 and 3,900 m (11,800 and 12,800 ft) and in Oaxaca between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft).
42:
533:
has assessed the blue-throated mountaingem as being of least concern. It has a very large range and its population of about 2,000,000 mature individuals is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. The species is highly tolerant of human activity. However, in the northern part
413:
The blue-throated mountaingem forages for nectar at a wide variety of flowering plants. The species fed from vary considerably across the bird's wide north–south and elevational ranges. It is common at sugar-water feeders. It hovers to feed on nectar. In some areas it defends patches of large flowers
331:
is the smallest and has the shortest bill. Its upperparts are bright green rather than greenish bronze. Males' underparts are a cold gray rather than brownish gray and females' are dark gray. The iridescence on the sides of the breast is green. The white tips on the tail feathers are wider than those
500:
Male blue-throated mountaingems sing two types of songs: a simple "peep song", which sounds like a squeaky wheel lasting about one second, and a quiet but complex "whisper song" lasting as long as eight seconds. The female is also reported to sing during the breeding season to attract the attention
339:
is between the other two subspecies in size. Its upperparts are duller than the nominate's, with less bronze to the green. Males' underparts are brownish gray and females' medium pale gray; like the nominate there is some greenish bronze iridescence on the sides of the breast. The white tips on the
461:
may be used, or the exterior may be left bare. It is typically attached to a tree branch or to roots and stems under natural overhangs. They are also commonly placed on human-made substrates such as a wire or nail under an eave or in a building. The female incubates the two white eggs for 17 to 19
323:
with a narrow buffy gray margin. They have mostly bright greenish bronze upperparts that become dark bronzy olive on the rump. They have medium brownish gray underparts with some greenish bronze iridescence on the sides of the breast. The tail is black with some faint indigo iridescence and white
404:
The two northern subspecies of blue-throated mountaingem, and possibly the northernmost of the nominate subspecies, migrate south in winter, but their exact locations are not known. A few individuals remain through winter at feeding stations in southeastern
Arizona. The populations in central and
315:
The blue-throated mountaingem is the largest hummingbird found in the United States. It is 11.2 to 12.8 cm (4.4 to 5.0 in) long. Males weigh an average of 8.4 g (0.30 oz) and females 6.8 g (0.24 oz). Both sexes have a medium-length black bill, though there is some
446:, Mexico, and continues to September in some parts of its range. The earliest known egg laying in Arizona was in mid-Apr. In the higher elevations in Mexico laying begins in late May or June. Two clutches per season are common and sometimes three have been documented.
858:
316:
variation among the subspecies and females' bills are longer than males'. Both sexes of all subspecies have a conspicuous white stripe behind the eye and a narrower stripe extending backward from the corner of its bill under a blackish cheek patch.
513:
and clicks, and has an unusually large vocal range of 1.8 to 30 kHz. Males sing from a perch, usually a bare twig high in a tree. Females vocalize near the nest when alarmed or when disputing a nectar source.
534:
of its range it is uncommon and found in only a few narrow canyons, so damage to those areas by fire or human alteration may affect it. Except in the US, little of its range has formal protection.
1300:
1078:
1320:
1130:
1290:
1325:
1249:
1042:
1262:
1091:
1315:
449:
As with all hummingbirds, the female alone constructs the nest and raises the young. The nest is made from soft plant fibers cemented with
414:
but not those of smaller ones. In the breeding season (especially early when flowers are scarce) and in winter it also feeds on small
287:
In the 19th century the blue-throated mountaingem was placed several different genera, and in the early 20th century in its own genus
690:
1310:
1029:
1267:
387:
The blue-throated mountain gem is found in a variety of moist forest landscapes. In the US and northern Mexico, it occurs in
1096:
751:
731:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
920:
843:
319:
The nominate subspecies is the largest and has the longest bill. Adult males have an iridescent cobalt to cerulean blue
980:
626:
235:
405:
southern Mexico are thought to withdraw to lower elevations in winter but this movement has not been fully defined.
380:
of southern Texas, where it breeds, but its non-breeding range is not known. Birds in the northern
Mexican state of
1135:
110:
1305:
1143:
911:
521:
vibrations which are not for communication, but possibly serve to flush out and disorient its insect prey.
1148:
967:
873:
553:
324:
tips on the outer two pairs of feathers. Females have entirely medium gray underparts without the gorget.
985:
687:
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife
International digital checklist of the birds of the world
349:
218:
580:
348:
The nominated subspecies of blue-throated mountain gem has the largest range. It is found in Mexico's
1057:
949:
931:
442:
The blue-throated mountaingem's breeding seasons vary throughout its range. It begins in
February in
774:"Ultrasonic singing by the blue-throated hummingbird: a comparisonbetween production and perception"
427:
58:
1122:
839:
835:
1295:
801:
360:
is found in southeastern
Arizona, southern New Mexico, and in the northwestern Mexican states of
105:
691:
http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip
1083:
848:
1236:
1169:
1109:
1003:
852:
793:
365:
936:
1174:
785:
575:
423:
377:
972:
1156:
510:
419:
388:
557:
17:
660:
1200:
485:
1284:
1104:
862:
566:
381:
320:
268:
78:
73:
41:
1241:
1227:
1008:
805:
773:
471:
1034:
995:
1187:
1117:
1065:
905:
450:
426:
from bark and foliage. In winter it also feeds on sap from wells created by the
272:
264:
195:
185:
175:
1195:
789:
518:
896:
415:
165:
122:
797:
602:
1221:
1161:
959:
890:
443:
142:
1254:
732:
1047:
944:
752:"Blue-Throated Hummingbird Song: A Pinnacle of Nonoscine Vocalizations"
369:
506:
502:
458:
361:
353:
276:
132:
1070:
867:
1021:
1182:
1016:
95:
89:
825:(Peterson Field Guide Series). Houghton Mifflin. Co., Boston, MA.
501:
of males. The male song differs in several respects from that of
530:
454:
152:
871:
457:
where available; in drier habitats, moss-like dendroid
291:. Since the mid-1900s it has been in its present genus
727:
Williamson, S. L. (2020). Blue-throated
Mountain-gem (
384:
may also be this subspecies rather than the nominate.
462:
days and fledging occurs 24 to 26 days after hatch.
1211:
880:
659:Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (2023).
635:
NatureServe
Explorer An online encyclopedia of life
340:tail feathers are the narrowest of all subspecies.
750:Ficken FS, Rusch KM, Taylor SJ, Powers DR (2000).
581:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22687664A168973225.en
486:Listen to blue-throated mountaingem on xeno-canto
465:
1301:Native birds of the Southwestern United States
823:A Field Guide to Hummingbirds of North America
8:
723:
721:
719:
868:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
67:
40:
31:
654:
652:
579:
453:. The exterior is camouflaged with green
745:
743:
741:
295:. It has three subspecies, the nominate
859:Blue-throated Hummingbird photo gallery
772:Pytte CL, Ficken FS, Moiseff A (2004).
767:
765:
542:
275:. It is found in the United States and
756:Digital Commons, George Fox University
685:HBW and BirdLife International (2020)
548:
546:
733:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.buthum.01
7:
1321:Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental
352:and central plateau as far south as
1291:IUCN Red List least concern species
567:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1326:Birds of the Sierra Madre Oriental
376:is positively known only from the
25:
470:
109:
861:with picture of nest & egg
849:Blue-throated Hummingbird photo
836:Blue-throated Hummingbird photo
422:, in sustained flight, and by
1:
844:Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
505:birds in that it uses sharp
1342:
251:blue-throated mountain-gem
35:Blue-throated mountaingem
1316:Taxa named by René Lesson
1058:blue-throated-hummingbird
790:10.1007/s00359-004-0525-4
689:Version 5. Available at:
574:: e.T22687664A168973225.
255:blue-throated hummingbird
247:blue-throated mountaingem
224:
217:
106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
18:Blue-throated hummingbird
821:Williamson, S. L. 2001.
344:Distribution and habitat
283:Taxonomy and systematics
1311:Birds described in 1829
554:BirdLife International
27:Species of hummingbird
735:retrieved 16 May 2022
693:retrieved 27 May 2021
418:. These are taken by
350:Sierra Madre Oriental
1201:Lampornis-clemenciae
937:Lampornis_clemenciae
912:Lampornis clemenciae
882:Lampornis clemenciae
729:Lampornis clemenciae
629:Lampornis clemenciae
603:"Appendices | CITES"
560:Lampornis clemenciae
260:Lampornis clemenciae
249:, also known as the
228:Lampornis clemenciae
1213:Ornismya clemenciae
665:IOC World Bird List
517:The bird also uses
432:Syraphicus nuchalis
428:Red-naped sapsucker
59:Conservation status
637:. 7.1. NatureServe
263:) is a species of
210:L. clemenciae
1278:
1277:
1170:Open Tree of Life
874:Taxon identifiers
855:focusonnature.com
492:
491:
337:L. c. bessophilus
332:of the nominate.
305:L. c. bessophilus
243:
242:
99:
82:
51:L. c. bessophilus
16:(Redirected from
1333:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1112:
1100:
1099:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1073:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
999:
998:
989:
988:
976:
975:
963:
962:
953:
952:
950:97FB2BC90F977D37
940:
939:
927:
926:
916:
915:
914:
901:
900:
899:
869:
810:
809:
778:J Comp Physiol A
769:
760:
759:
747:
736:
725:
694:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
656:
647:
646:
644:
642:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
599:
593:
592:
590:
588:
583:
550:
474:
466:
378:Chisos Mountains
297:L. c. clemenciae
230:
114:
113:
93:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1306:Birds of Mexico
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1157:Observation.org
1155:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1002:
994:
992:
984:
979:
971:
966:
958:
956:
948:
943:
935:
930:
924:
919:
910:
909:
904:
895:
894:
889:
876:
832:
818:
816:Further reading
813:
771:
770:
763:
749:
748:
739:
726:
697:
684:
680:
670:
668:
658:
657:
650:
640:
638:
625:
624:
620:
611:
609:
601:
600:
596:
586:
584:
552:
551:
544:
540:
527:
498:
493:
488:
483:
482:
480:Songs and calls
440:
411:
402:
397:
389:riparian forest
374:L. c. phasmorus
358:L. c. basophils
346:
329:L. c. phasmorus
313:
301:L. c. phasmorus
285:
239:
232:
226:
213:
108:
100:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1233:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1153:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
990:
977:
964:
954:
941:
928:
917:
902:
886:
884:
878:
877:
872:
866:
865:
856:
846:
842:Southeast AZ:
831:
830:External links
828:
827:
826:
817:
814:
812:
811:
761:
737:
695:
678:
661:"Hummingbirds"
648:
618:
594:
541:
539:
536:
526:
523:
497:
494:
490:
489:
484:
478:
476:
464:
439:
436:
410:
407:
401:
398:
396:
393:
345:
342:
312:
309:
284:
281:
241:
240:
233:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
205:
201:
200:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
102:
101:
88:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1338:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
933:
929:
922:
918:
913:
907:
903:
898:
892:
888:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
864:
860:
857:
854:
850:
847:
845:
841:
837:
834:
833:
829:
824:
820:
819:
815:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:(8): 665–73.
783:
779:
775:
768:
766:
762:
757:
753:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
682:
679:
666:
662:
655:
653:
649:
636:
632:
630:
622:
619:
608:
604:
598:
595:
582:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
561:
555:
549:
547:
543:
537:
535:
532:
524:
522:
520:
515:
512:
508:
504:
495:
487:
481:
477:
475:
473:
468:
467:
463:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
406:
399:
394:
392:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
341:
338:
333:
330:
325:
322:
317:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
282:
280:
278:
274:
271:of subfamily
270:
269:Lampornithini
266:
262:
261:
256:
252:
248:
237:
231:
229:
223:
220:
219:Binomial name
216:
212:
211:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
97:
91:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1212:
881:
822:
781:
777:
755:
728:
686:
681:
669:. Retrieved
664:
639:. Retrieved
634:
628:
621:
610:. Retrieved
606:
597:
585:. Retrieved
571:
565:
559:
528:
516:
499:
496:Vocalization
479:
469:
448:
441:
431:
412:
403:
386:
373:
357:
347:
336:
334:
328:
326:
318:
314:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
259:
258:
254:
250:
246:
244:
227:
225:
209:
208:
196:
159:
50:
29:
1144:Neotropical
1118:NatureServe
1066:iNaturalist
906:Wikispecies
671:13 December
641:13 December
451:spider silk
335:Subspecies
327:Subspecies
311:Description
289:Cyanolaemus
273:Trochilinae
265:hummingbird
186:Trochilidae
176:Apodiformes
92:Appendix II
1285:Categories
1228:Q109578300
1196:Xeno-canto
612:2022-01-14
538:References
519:ultrasonic
416:arthropods
382:Nuevo LeĂłn
1296:Lampornis
607:cites.org
509:forceful
366:Chihuahua
293:Lampornis
267:in tribe
204:Species:
197:Lampornis
166:Strisores
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
1255:11309808
1222:Wikidata
1183:Species+
1123:2.105629
1110:22687664
1084:10941213
973:22687664
968:BirdLife
957:BioLib:
891:Wikidata
798:15164219
667:. v 13.2
556:(2021).
444:Veracruz
438:Breeding
424:gleaning
400:Movement
395:Behavior
182:Family:
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1268:1149811
1048:2476748
945:Avibase
897:Q268047
853:photo-2
840:Article
806:7231117
459:lichens
420:hawking
409:Feeding
370:Durango
238:, 1830)
192:Genus:
172:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
1175:324612
1149:buthum
1136:347501
1097:178054
1055:GNAB:
1030:EURING
1022:buthum
996:buthum
986:102683
925:blthhu
863:clutch
804:
796:
587:16 May
525:Status
511:trills
507:atonal
503:oscine
455:mosses
368:, and
362:Sonora
354:Oaxaca
321:gorget
303:, and
277:Mexico
236:Lesson
1242:8KQ4K
1162:71937
1079:IRMNG
1017:eBird
1009:3S3HH
993:BOW:
960:23998
802:S2CID
160:Clade
96:CITES
90:CITES
49:Male
1263:ITIS
1250:GBIF
1188:6592
1131:NCBI
1105:IUCN
1092:ITIS
1071:5827
1043:GBIF
1035:8110
981:BOLD
794:PMID
673:2023
643:2023
589:2022
572:2021
531:IUCN
529:The
245:The
153:Aves
1237:CoL
1004:CoL
932:ADW
921:ABA
786:doi
782:190
576:doi
434:).
253:or
1287::
1265::
1252::
1239::
1224::
1198::
1185::
1172::
1159::
1146::
1133::
1120::
1107::
1094::
1081::
1068::
1045::
1032::
1019::
1006::
983::
970::
947::
934::
923::
908::
893::
851:;
838:,
800:.
792:.
780:.
776:.
764:^
754:.
740:^
698:^
663:.
651:^
633:.
605:.
570:.
564:.
545:^
372:.
364:,
356:.
307:.
299:,
279:.
162::
808:.
788::
758:.
675:.
645:.
631:"
627:"
615:.
591:.
578::
562:"
558:"
430:(
257:(
234:(
98:)
81:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
