576:. Trapping is illegal as blue-throated macaws have been protected by the national legislation of Bolivia. According to locals the wild population of the blue-throated macaw in the 1980s was thought to number 500-1000 individuals. Although trapping ceased later in the 1990s, the wild population remains low, with previous estimates of between 110 and 130 individuals, that more recently have been increased to about 350–400 after surveys by Armonia Association and the Loro Parque Fundacion found additional birds. The World Parrot Trust has many volunteers and employees working to monitor the nests to protect the chicks from predation. Chicks are also examined periodically to ensure that they are healthy and receiving adequate food from their parents. If necessary, the chick is supplemented with formula. Nest boxes have been built, current nest sites improved, and support from the local landowners has been established. In 2008, American Bird Conservancy partnered with the World Land Trust-US, Loro Parque Fundacion, and Assiociacion Armonia to create the blue-throated macaw Reserve. In 2010, the reserve was expanded by 2,800 acres (formerly Juvena Ranch) and is now 11,500 acres.
421:
males tend to be a little bigger than females with approximate masses of 750 g and 950 g respectively. Upperparts are turquoise-blue, slightly duller on crown and brighter on rump. Underparts largely bright yellow but the vent is pale blue. It has a bare facial patch obscured by blue feather-lines merging into a blue lower cheek and throat, separated from its crown by a narrow yellow stripe and bare pink skin around base of the large, black bill. On the face there is a sparsely feathered patch of skin near the base of the large dark-colored bill that has 5 or 6 horizontal stripes of blue feathers which are unique for every blue-throated macaw and can be used to individually identify adults.
666:. When tame, it tends to be an outgoing, docile and affectionate bird, even cuddly with humans in some circumstances. An intelligent bird; like most parrots, it requires several hours outside its cage every day and regular social interaction with humans or other birds in order to remain healthy, although it is sometimes known to bully other birds kept alongside it. The species is known for its predilection for damaging and disassembling its keeper's property, as well as opening and escaping from its cage if left unsupervised. It may be less noisy than other large macaw species and while it is not known for its
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428:. The eye color of a nestling is initially black and changes to brown soon after the eyes open. Between one and three years old, the eyes will turn grey, then white. As the macaw matures, the iris turns yellow and the amount of gold increases with age after 10 years. Elderly macaws show a ring of dark grey surrounding the pupil where the iris has become thinner and the back of the retina shows through. It can be separated from the slightly larger
528:, although it will nest in other palm species as well. Dead palms are the preferred nest as they are hollowed out by large grubs after the tree has died. Nesting pairs of blue-throated macaws do not consistently stay at one nest for consecutive breeding seasons and will usually search for different nesting sites every year. In the wild the blue-throated macaw often compete for nesting-holes in trees with the blue-and-yellow macaw,
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climb trees, maneuver along branches and walk on the ground. These birds are active during the day and usually stay in one general area. Blue-throated macaws communicate mostly by sound. When they suspect danger, they emit a very loud alarming call and promptly fly off. Blue-throated macaws are known to communicate with each other with quiet caws as well.
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The young macaws are still fully dependent upon their parents for food after they fledge until they are capable of foraging by themselves. Even after this occurs, it has been observed that young blue-throated macaws will stay with their parents up to a year. During this time, the parents will skip an entire breeding season. Blue-throated macaws reach
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If disaster should befall the larger chick, the parent can switch to feeding the youngest, and it will exhibit a constant growth curve from the day of active feeding. It is this physiological response that enables researchers to raise the third chick of a clutch in captivity and then return them to the wild nests when they are nearing fledge.
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Blue-throated macaws are most frequently found in monogamous pairs, but small groups of 7–9 do occur and one large roosting group of 70 is known. It is not known if these macaws will pair with another mate if their original mate dies. Their main mode of locomotion is flying, but they are also able to
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In the wild, within the palm groves of
Bolivia, birds nest in tree hollows created in dead palm trunks, rotten knot-holes and dead limbs of trees. There is some evidence that parents maintain the third chick of a clutch with minimal food as an insurance against the loss of the older dominant chicks.
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is one of six genera of
Central and South American macaws in the tribe Arini, which also includes all the other long-tailed New World parrots. Tribe Arini together with the short-tailed Amazon and allied parrots and a few miscellaneous genera make up subfamily Arinae of Neotropical parrots in family
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Blue-throated macaws usually breed once a year but if the eggs or nestlings are lost, they may produce a second clutch in the same breeding season. A clutch consists of one to three eggs and incubates for 26 days. Nestlings have a mass of approximately 18 g at hatching and fledge at 13 to 14 weeks.
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The blue-throated macaw is about 85 cm (33 in) long including the length of its tail feathers and has a wingspan of approximately three feet or 90 cm. It weighs about 900 g (32 oz) to 1,100 g (39 oz). There is little easily observable sexual dimorphism; however,
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Armonia has also created a program in recent years to replace the real feathers in traditional indigenous 'machetero' headdresses with artificial feathers created from hand-painted palm fronds. The feathers for the headdresses were previously culled from several species of macaw, including the
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Recent population and range estimates suggest that about 208–303 adult individuals remain in the wild. Its demise was brought upon by nesting competition, avian predation, and a small native range, exacerbated by indigenous hunting and capture for the
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464:(the capital city of Beni), and the other is to the south of Trinidad. This complex landscape consists of grasslands, marshes, forest islands, and corridors of forests along waterways. They occur most often between the elevations of 200 and 300 m.
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recommends that the blue-throated macaw be kept in an enclosure of 15 metres in length and that this species should not be kept indoors permanently. It may live for over 50 years in captivity.
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trade. Current threats continue to include hunting and trapping as well as tree cutting, invasive species, disease, and use of powders or foams used to extinguish fires. It is listed as
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They are relatively easy to find in captivity, and the captive population consists of about 1000–1100 individuals. Individuals are kept in several zoos around the world, among them the
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Personal communications in
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing the Blue-throated Macaw, Federal Register Vol. 78, No. 192, October 3, 2013 pages 61208-61219
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Blue-throated macaws do not eat seeds and nuts to the same extent as many other macaw species do. Instead, they primarily eat fruit from large palms. The palm species
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that dot the level plains. It is not a forest-dwelling bird. This species is one of the rarest in the world. There are two areas inhabited by two sub-populations of
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Blue-throated macaws are early nesters and utilize these rare resources of nest holes before the other macaws are in breeding condition.
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817:"Ley Nº 584 – Declara Patrimonio Natural del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, a la Paraba Barba Azul (Ara glaucogularis)"
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The blue-throated macaw has a very small population and is on the verge of extinction in the wild. It is listed on the
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asked that captive-born blue-throated macaws not be listed through a 19-page submission to the federal government.
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364:(Latin: throat). The Blue-throated macaw is one of 8 extant species (and a few extinct species) in genus
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Blue-throated, and as many as 10 birds were killed to make one head-piece.
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The blue-throated macaw is sometimes, albeit uncommonly kept as a pet
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to make feathered "Moxeño" headdresses for "machetero" ritual dances.
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846:"Six thousand macaws saved by Armonía's alternative feather program"
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The blue-throated macaw was originally thought to be a subspecies (
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of large long-tailed parrots collectively called macaws. The genus
333:, and first described the blue macaws for a European readership in
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On
November 4, 2013, the blue-throated macaw was listed under the
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zoo in
Bolivia. Captive blue-throated macaws have successfully
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http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-10-03/pdf/2013-24215.pdf
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as critically endangered. It is also listed in
Appendix I by
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is the most predominant source, but they will also eat from
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The blue-throated macaw lives in the Llano de Moxos of the
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The adults have yellow irises and the juveniles have brown
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Blue-throated macaw raised in captivity. Photographed at
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in the wild and is protected by trading prohibitions.
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966:"Blue Throated Macaw Caninde Macaw, Wagler's Macaw"
1491:Red-shouldered macaw (Hahn's macaw or noble macaw)
750:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22685542A196624397.en
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520:Blue-throated macaws usually nest in cavities of
1473:Golden-collared macaw (or yellow-collared macaw)
670:ability, it may learn to mimic a few words. The
314:The name "Wagler's macaw" is in honor of German
1177:"Blue Throated Macaws (Caninde Macaws) As Pets"
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599:Because of their large captive population, the
1378:Blue-and-yellow macaw (or blue-and-gold macaw)
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1244:images and movies of the blue-throated macaw
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356:(glaucous Latin for greyish-blue or green) +
8:
452:of Bolivia, nesting in "Islas" (islands) of
1906:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1403:Red-and-green macaw (or green-winged macaw)
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1141:Blue-throated Macaw International Studbook
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1203:"BLUE-THROATED MACAW (Ara glaucogularis)"
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1413:Chestnut-fronted macaw (or severe macaw)
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883:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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681:
1468:Blue-winged macaw (or Illiger's macaw)
348:is from a Tupi Indian word for macaw;
331:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1393:Great green macaw (or Buffon's macaw)
1233:Parrot Encyclopedia – Species Profile
7:
1936:Species endangered by the pet trade
852:. 24 September 2016. Archived from
736:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
40:Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden
1065:"Blue-throated Macaw conservation"
648:have now been set up to save this
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601:American Federation of Aviculture
283:to a small area of north-central
1531:Dominican green-and-yellow macaw
725:BirdLife International. (2021).
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564:Conservation status and programs
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1239:on the Internet Bird Collection
942:. BirdLife International (2008)
1:
460:: one is to the northwest of
408:Blue-throated macaw in flight
373:Psittacidae of true parrots.
329:Brazilian collections at the
823:(in Spanish). Archived from
16:Species of bird from Bolivia
1952:
1237:Blue-throated macaw videos
617:A pet blue-throated macaw.
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743:: e.T22685542A196624397.
512:at about 5 years of age.
380:) of the similar-looking
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96:Scientific classification
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1926:Endemic birds of Bolivia
560:in its natural habitat.
444:Distribution and habitat
327:Johan Baptist von Spix's
325:, who processed many of
1931:Birds described in 1921
1921:Birds of the Gran Chaco
335:Monographia Psittacorum
1511:Lesser Antillean macaw
1156:Corrientes Loro Parque
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590:Endangered Species Act
584:Endangered Species Act
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1119:"Blue-throated Macaw"
1086:"Blue-throated Macaw"
1041:"Blue-throated Macaw"
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430:blue-and-yellow macaw
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382:blue-and-yellow macaw
305:Critically Endangered
268:), also known as the
187:A. glaucogularis
64:Critically Endangered
1501:Hypothetical extinct
936:"Species factsheet:
772:"Appendices | CITES"
691:Top of head is blue.
378:Ara ararauna caninde
249:Ara ararauna caninde
24:Blue-throated macaw
1562:Neotropical parrots
1383:Blue-throated macaw
1246:(Ara glaucogularis)
1183:. 16 September 2021
1017:"Ara glaucogularis"
796:"Ara glaucogularis"
323:Johann Georg Wagler
260:blue-throated macaw
229:Distribution range
49:Conservation status
1526:Jamaican red macaw
1231:World Parrot Trust
1207:World Parrot Trust
885:. 12 February 2021
672:World Parrot Trust
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530:green-winged macaw
490:Acrocomia aculeata
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400:, Cincinnati, Ohio
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1883:Ara-glaucogularis
1852:Open Tree of Life
1655:Ara_glaucogularis
1641:Ara glaucogularis
1611:Ara glaucogularis
1603:Taxon identifiers
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1463:Blue-headed macaw
1443:Red-bellied macaw
1408:Red-fronted macaw
964:Brough, Clarice.
938:Ara glaucogularis
856:on 2 October 2016
729:Ara glaucogularis
526:Attalea phalerata
496:Mauritia flexuosa
484:Attalea phalerata
458:Ara glaucogularis
265:Ara glaucogularis
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1581:List of macaws
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1388:Military macaw
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1335:Hyacinth macaw
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1330:Glaucous macaw
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153:Psittaciformes
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1541:Hybrid macaws
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1435:Orthopsittaca
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1398:Scarlet macaw
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1321:Anodorhynchus
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571:
570:IUCN Red List
563:
561:
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558:deforestation
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:scarlet macaw
531:
527:
524:, most often
523:
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320:ornithologist
317:
316:herpetologist
312:
310:
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296:
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293:native people
290:
286:
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279:
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271:
270:Caninde macaw
267:
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196:Binomial name
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81:
76:
70:
65:
54:
50:
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36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1610:
1576:Hybrid macaw
1482:
1452:
1434:
1382:
1367:
1358:Spix's macaw
1349:
1340:Lear's macaw
1319:
1308:
1300:
1245:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1044:. Retrieved
1020:. Retrieved
973:. Retrieved
970:Animal World
969:
944:. Retrieved
937:
913:. Retrieved
908:
899:
887:. Retrieved
882:
858:. Retrieved
854:the original
849:
840:
829:. Retrieved
825:the original
820:
811:
799:. Retrieved
790:
779:. Retrieved
775:
766:
754:. Retrieved
740:
734:
728:
661:
658:
654:
642:conservation
635:
620:
596:Final rule.
587:
578:
567:
542:toco toucans
519:
506:
494:
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471:
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423:
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369:
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297:
273:
269:
264:
263:
259:
257:
248:
243:
204:
202:
186:
185:
173:
42:, Ohio, USA
18:
1911:Ara (genus)
1839:Neotropical
1774:iNaturalist
1635:Wikispecies
1586:Mini-macaws
1483:Diopsittaca
1418:Cuban macaw
1350:Cyanopsitta
1212:21 November
1187:21 November
1161:21 November
1091:26 February
1070:26 February
1046:26 February
1022:26 February
975:21 November
915:11 February
860:11 February
801:26 February
756:12 November
703:Upper body.
644:schemes in
538:woodpeckers
388:Description
244:Ara caninde
163:Psittacidae
1900:Categories
1878:Xeno-canto
1128:2017-12-20
831:2017-12-20
781:2022-01-14
709:References
627:hybridized
623:Santa Cruz
609:Aviculture
592:, per the
522:palm trees
454:palm trees
82:Appendix I
1454:Primolius
1242:ARKive –
776:cites.org
629:with the
546:barn owls
468:Behaviour
181:Species:
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
1865:Species+
1818:22685542
1792:11454606
1681:22685542
1676:BirdLife
1620:Wikidata
1256:Paraguay
889:20 March
638:breeding
636:Several
503:Breeding
462:Trinidad
341:Taxonomy
337:(1832).
235:Synonyms
159:Family:
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
1844:bltmac1
1766:5959235
1753:1177964
1730:bltmac1
1704:bltmac1
1663:Avibase
1626:Q476593
1310:Species
946:24 July
668:talking
650:species
516:Nesting
477:Feeding
438:coverts
434:remiges
360:gularis
307:by the
285:Bolivia
281:endemic
276:, is a
212:Dabbene
169:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
67: (
1916:Macaws
1857:300972
1831:303304
1805:554896
1737:ECOS:
1694:110435
1503:macaws
1293:Macaws
1252:Stamps
1152:"Aves"
552:, and
426:irises
352:glauco
214:, 1921
1787:IRMNG
1779:19024
1725:eBird
1701:BOW:
1570:Arini
1566:tribe
1302:Genus
1254:(for
594:USFWS
574:CITES
278:macaw
86:CITES
80:CITES
1870:6768
1826:NCBI
1813:IUCN
1800:ITIS
1761:GBIF
1740:5115
1717:G22C
1689:BOLD
1214:2021
1189:2021
1163:2021
1093:2014
1072:2014
1048:2014
1024:2014
977:2021
948:2008
917:2020
891:2023
862:2020
803:2014
758:2021
741:2021
646:zoos
640:and
554:bees
550:bats
493:and
318:and
309:IUCN
258:The
143:Aves
1748:EoL
1712:CoL
1650:ADW
1426:† ₴
1369:Ara
745:doi
370:Ara
366:Ara
346:Ara
301:pet
272:or
174:Ara
38:At
1902::
1880::
1867::
1854::
1841::
1828::
1815::
1802::
1789::
1776::
1763::
1750::
1727::
1714::
1691::
1678::
1665::
1652::
1637::
1622::
1568::
1205:.
1179:.
1154:.
1121:.
1056:^
1032:^
985:^
968:.
956:^
925:^
907:.
881:.
870:^
848:.
819:.
774:.
739:.
733:.
717:^
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
440:.
384:.
1572:)
1564:(
1420:†
1285:e
1278:t
1271:v
1216:.
1191:.
1165:.
1131:.
1095:.
1074:.
1050:.
1026:.
979:.
950:.
940:"
919:.
893:.
864:.
834:.
805:.
784:.
760:.
747::
731:"
727:"
262:(
88:)
71:)
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