31:
475:. Juvenile blue moki are then found inshore in coastal rocky reefs; whereas adults tend to school offshore over open bottom areas. There are some adults that tend to remain on coastal reefs in shallower waters. Juvenile blue moki have been observed to prefer rocky-reef type habitats in shallow waters, most of the adult blue moki school offshore on sandy open bottom habitats but some adult blue moki do not join the schools and stay in the rocky-reef type habitats.
44:
2176:
483:
Blue moki grow at a rapid rate growing between 5â6 centimetres per year, growth potentially slows with fish between the age of 10â20 years reaching 60 centimetres and there have also been fish recorded at 33 years of age with them being over 80 centimetres long. Blue moki can weigh up to 10 kg.
783:
Blue moki is mostly caught on the east coast of New
Zealand between Otara and KaikÅura it is a low value fishery. The commercial catch is caught as a bycatch of trawling and set netting for other target species. There are management practices in place for the blue moki fisheries such as a minimum
792:
Blue moki are a very popular fish targeted by recreational fishermen, they are caught in a variety of ways such as spearfishing, catching on the rod and reel and set netting like commercial fisheries they are legally required to be above 40 cm in length and a minimum set net mesh size of
914:"Order Centrarchiformes: Families Centrarchidae, Elassomatidae, Eoplosidae, Sinipercidae, Aplodactylidae, Cheilodactylidae, Chironemidae, Cirrhitidae, Latridae, Percichthydiae, Dichistitidae, Girellidae, Kuhliidae, Kyphosidae, Oplegnathidae, Terapontidae, Microcanthidae, and Scorpididae"
1328:
222:
while adults mostly occur in offshore waters forming schools over open bottoms. Some solitary adults can be found on reefs. This species can reach a length of 80 centimetres (31 in) FL, though most do not exceed 63 centimetres (25 in)
512:
lasts about six months; from there juveniles are then found inshore in coastal rocky reefs, whereas adults tend to school offshore over open bottom areas. There are some adults that tend to remain on coastal reefs in shallower waters
1337:
484:
The blue moki reach sexual maturity at 40 centimetres which equates to 5â6 years of age. Migration occurs annually. It begins in May/June (Winter) when blue moki begin to travel from KaikÅura on the East Coast on the
373:
waters. The colouration of blue moki changes throughout its life time from juvenile to adolescences, their body colours change from green in juveniles to green/grey and through to blue/grey in large adults.
1299:
Johnson, Teresa R.; Wilson, James A.; Cleaver, Caitlin; Morehead, Graham; Vadas, Robert (2013). "Modeling fine scale urchin and kelp dynamics: Implications for management of the Maine sea urchin fishery".
1465:
341:
in shape and size, but they differ in colour throughout the adult stage of their lives. Blue moki are known for their piercing colours, which is an array of pink and olive. A blue moki's
266:. A single record of blue moki from the southern end of the Kermadec Island chain was reported, but this requires verification; it is not known if the species occurs elsewhere in the
975:
Smith, P. J.; Roberts, C. D.; Benson, P. G. (2001). "Biochemicalâgenetic and meristic evidence that blue and copper moki (Teleostei: Latridae: Latridopsis) are discrete species".
595:. Blue moki stocks were seriously depleted in New Zealand in 1975. Humans are the blue moki's largest predator, which fishes them commercially using set nets in the areas between
1458:
2301:
1451:
2327:
1330:
Assessment of the scale of marine ecological effects of seabed mining in the South
Taranaki Bight: Zooplankton, fish, kai moana, sea birds, and marine mammals
1358:
1279:
784:
catch size of 40 cm, area restrictions on certain types of fishing methods and a minimum net size of 114mm for target set net fishing of blue moki
1007:"A new species of trumpeter (Teleostei; Percomorpha; Latridae) from the central South Pacific Ocean, with a taxonomic review of the striped trumpeter
842:
2275:
2314:
881:
2350:
1141:
345:
is true to its name - they are dark blue/grey. They have a black edge to the caudal and soft dorsal fin. Blue moki belongs to the family
391:, but more recent resources suggest that blue moki distribution patterns are more widespread, with sighting of the species occurring off
814:
2376:
2409:
544:. Blue moki intestines are often found with ingested sand and mud. This is a result of them feeding on benthic species such as
1383:
891:
856:
2319:
771:
and that there are traditional fishing grounds for blue moki where customary fishing practices took place in earlier times.
575:
amongst seaweeds, while adults prey on crabs, other crustaceans, shellfish and worms, which they suck from the sand or mud.
447:
Blue moki are rare in
Australia but have been recorded from immediately south of Botany Bay near Sydney and from Tasmania.
2236:
2223:
43:
262:
occur throughout mainland waters from the Three Kings
Islands to the southern edge of the Snares Shelf, and at the
2332:
942:
1865:
1965:
767:
MÄori view blue moki as having special significance in community and life believing that blue moki spawn in
323:
294:
155:
2191:
301:
2241:
1955:
138:
1359:"Marine fish communities and land use in the Gisborne District, Prepared for Gisborne District Council"
1280:"Marine fish communities and land use in the Gisborne District, Prepared for Gisborne District Council"
2404:
2381:
2342:
1791:
877:
838:
228:
218:
at depths of 10 metres (33 ft) and greater. Juveniles inhabit inshore waters, preferring rocky
1713:
607:
is low. Moki are also caught recreationally through spear fishing and boat fishing in small catch.
537:
464:
283:
2121:
1929:
1804:
1778:
604:
588:
428:
164:
38:
1424:"Download document | MPI - Ministry for Primary Industries. A New Zealand Government Department"
493:
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2249:
2108:
1379:
1240:
1137:
1123:
886:
851:
456:
358:
338:
238:
Despite the similarities in their common names, the blue moki are not closely related to the
2368:
2228:
1839:
1309:
1230:
1193:
1129:
1089:
1068:
1022:
984:
416:
412:
350:
271:
267:
224:
200:
1376:
A checklist of the parasites of New
Zealand fishes including previously unpublished records
1258:
1765:
1648:
509:
501:
460:
424:
396:
362:
263:
196:
1395:
1164:
427:. The population of blue moki on the west coast is uncertain, but there have been small
2175:
2144:
1978:
1752:
1540:
1527:
603:. Catches have been consistent at around 400 tonne per year; fish mortality other than
420:
251:
85:
30:
2398:
1942:
1852:
1635:
1375:
810:
298:
207:
2254:
1687:
1622:
1609:
1596:
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1423:
1336:. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand. Archived from
768:
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319:
1443:
1313:
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occurs from August to
September. They then pass back by KaikÅura in October. The
2288:
2082:
2043:
2017:
1674:
1514:
600:
584:
514:
489:
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408:
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95:
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1700:
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also consider fishing blue moki by set nets in the area a cultural offence.
631:
596:
592:
541:
497:
472:
436:
342:
232:
215:
55:
255:, which is also known by the alternative common name of "banded morwong".
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823:
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518:
392:
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105:
75:
2267:
913:
2280:
2069:
1916:
1892:
1739:
1488:
719:
648:
423:, and abundant off the east coast; they have also been recorded in the
2293:
912:
Christopher
Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (25 February 2021).
2157:
2095:
1991:
1817:
562:
65:
2185:
1219:"Age and growth of moki, Latridopsis ciliaris (Teleostei: Latridae)"
2056:
505:
305:
297:
with the type locality given as New
Zealand. In 1862 the American
247:
219:
387:
Past research has found that blue moki are an endemic species to
2355:
1830:
741:
641:
545:
2189:
1447:
463:
in depths of 10â200 metres. Many adults take part in an annual
793:
114 mm. There is also a bag limit of 15 fish per person.
772:
329:
means "with long lashes" , a name
Forster did not explain.
591:
fished, this is why Humans are seen as one of blue moki's
1374:
Hine, Mike; Jones, John Brian and
Diggles, B. K. (2000)
571:. Juvenile blue moki are located on reefs and eat small
488:
up to the only known spawning ground for blue moki in
1396:"New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries Website"
1223:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
1165:"New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries Website"
1061:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
977:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
2198:
1479:
361:which is another member of the genus is located in
270:. Blue moki are also found in small numbers at the
206:, the trumpeters. It is native to the southwestern
880:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
841:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
529:Blue moki feeds at the bottom, on a wide range of
918:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
1459:
1417:
1415:
16:Species of fish from the southwestern Pacific
8:
1015:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
920:. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara
2186:
1466:
1452:
1444:
29:
20:
1234:
1072:
1026:
353:, which has 4 subspecies of abundance in
614:
802:
583:Blue moki are seen as a 'game' fish in
1352:
1350:
1294:
1292:
1274:
1272:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1117:
1115:
517:. Blue moki mortality other than for
7:
2343:2e1e2fb5-c6db-4517-952a-0e969ba48b1d
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1000:
998:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
937:
935:
536:. It consumes a mouthful of turfing
407:Blue moki are widespread throughout
1194:"Latridopsis ciliaris summary page"
231:important and is also popular as a
1422:Industries, Ministry for Primary.
1128:. OECD Publishing. pp. 133â.
1125:OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2010
337:Blue moki are very similar to the
214:and occasionally off southeastern
14:
282:The blue moki was first formally
2174:
411:. They are distributed from the
42:
1474:Non-endemic fish of New Zealand
882:"Genera in the family Latridae"
892:California Academy of Sciences
857:California Academy of Sciences
1:
1314:10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.008
1236:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515896
1074:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515896
1028:10.1080/03014223.2003.9517756
989:10.1080/00288330.2001.9517009
567:. They also feed on juvenile
1378:. NIWA Technical Report 75.
1217:Francis, Malcolm P. (1981).
1051:Francis, Malcolm P. (1981).
691:Tubulovesicular angusticauda
455:Blue moki are found in the
431:hauls taken off shore from
2426:
1005:Roberts, Clive D. (2003).
540:, it then winnows out the
244:Cheilodactylus spectabilis
2172:
2025:Congiopodus leucopaecilus
1545:Macruronus novaezelandiae
1053:"Age and growth of moki,
718:
647:
314:and designated Forster's
195:) is a species of marine
170:
163:
144:
137:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
2103:Paratrachichthys trailli
1960:Myliobatis tenuicaudatus
1873:Nemadactylus macropterus
1708:Myliobatis tenuicaudatus
827:. December 2013 version.
813:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
521:fishing reasons is low.
508:period of the blue moki
2139:Pseudocaranx georgianus
1630:Carcharhinus brachyurus
1604:Hyperoglyphe antarctica
737:Lepeophtheirus erecsoni
479:Lifecycle and phenology
378:Geographic distribution
295:Johann Reinhold Forster
2410:Fish described in 1801
2064:Nemadactylus douglasii
2012:Aplodactylus arctidens
1973:Anguilla dieffenbachii
1327:MacDiarmid, A (2015).
1057:(Teleostei: Latridae)"
843:"Species in the genus
788:Recreational fisheries
654:Genoliena dactylopagri
369:but is rarely seen in
302:Theodore Nicholas Gill
290:in 1801 by the German
2116:Helicolenus percoides
1956:New Zealand eagle ray
1911:Chironemus marmoratus
878:Eschmeyer, William N.
839:Eschmeyer, William N.
708:Cucullanellus sheardi
2229:Latridopsis_ciliaris
2200:Latridopsis ciliaris
2165:Colistium nudipinnis
2126:Epinephelus daemelii
2122:Spotted black groper
2090:Chelidonichthys kumu
1999:Girella tricuspidata
1825:Polyprion oxygeneios
1786:Rhombosolea tapirina
1682:Colistium nudipinnis
1568:Latridopsis ciliaris
1535:Rhombosolea retiaria
1134:10.1787/808847412487
1092:Latridopsis ciliaris
1055:Latridopsis ciliaris
817:Latridopsis ciliaris
779:Commercial fisheries
637:Mediavagina latridis
383:Natural global range
246:), a species in the
192:Latridopsis ciliaris
148:Latridopsis ciliaris
2077:Pseudophycis bachus
2051:Caprodon longimanus
1950:Genypterus blacodes
1805:Grey spiny dogfish/
1779:Greenback flounder/
1766:Gilthead sea bream/
1721:Callorhinchus milii
1695:Coryphaena hippurus
1643:Epigonus telescopus
1623:Bronzewhaler shark/
1496:Engraulis australis
1357:Parson, D. (2010).
1098:Fishes of Australia
1088:Bray, D.J. (2019).
684:Posterior intestine
616:
459:north south of the
227:. This species is
177:J. R. Forster, 1801
1812:Squalus mitsukurii
1734:Lepidopus caudatus
1656:Galaxias maculatus
1617:Colistium guntheri
1302:Fisheries Research
1100:. Museums Victoria
943:"Make mine a moki"
666:Holorichis pulcher
615:
605:commercial fishing
492:, which is in the
349:commonly known as
2392:
2391:
2364:Open Tree of Life
2192:Taxon identifiers
2183:
2182:
1986:Isurus oxyrinchus
1937:Meuschenia scaber
1924:Geotria australis
1840:Hammerhead shark/
1482:marine fish in NZ
1259:"Blue Moki (MOK)"
1143:978-92-64-07713-3
887:Catalog of Fishes
852:Catalog of Fishes
760:
759:
626:Location on host
525:Diet and foraging
457:continental shelf
403:New Zealand range
199:belonging to the
184:
183:
178:
2417:
2385:
2384:
2372:
2371:
2359:
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2231:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2187:
2178:
1866:Jackass morwong/
1860:Trachurus saurus
1747:Hyporhamphus ihi
1669:Conger verreauxi
1649:Common galaxias/
1591:Seriolella brama
1522:Polyprion moeone
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902:
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868:
867:
865:
863:
835:
829:
828:
807:
725:Aethon morelandi
617:
554:bivalve molluscs
443:Australian range
417:Auckland Islands
413:Kermadec Islands
316:Anthias ciliaris
304:described a new
288:Anthias ciliaris
272:Auckland Islands
176:
174:Anthias ciliaris
150:
130:L. ciliaris
47:
46:
33:
21:
2425:
2424:
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2235:
2227:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2194:
2184:
2179:
2170:
2038:Sardinops sagax
1979:Mackerel shark/
1847:Sphyrna zygaena
1581:Prionace glauca
1528:Black flounder/
1481:
1475:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1428:www.mpi.govt.nz
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1400:fs.fish.govt.nz
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1263:Fishery Summary
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1182:
1173:
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1169:fs.fish.govt.nz
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527:
494:MÄhia Peninsula
481:
461:Chatham islands
453:
445:
425:Chatham Islands
405:
397:New South Wales
385:
380:
363:New South Wales
335:
280:
264:Chatham Islands
197:ray finned fish
159:
152:
146:
133:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2152:Latris lineata
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2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1992:Mangrove fish/
1989:
1976:
1963:
1953:
1940:
1930:Leatherjacket/
1927:
1914:
1901:
1898:Arripis trutta
1889:
1876:
1863:
1853:Jack mackerel/
1850:
1837:
1836:(Merlucciidae)
1828:
1815:
1802:
1799:Mugil cephalus
1789:
1776:
1773:Sparus auratus
1763:
1760:Rexea solandri
1750:
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1714:Elephant fish/
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1636:Cardinal fish/
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1558:Makaira indica
1548:
1541:Blue grenadier
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1509:Thyrsites atun
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1343:on 2018-01-29.
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1142:
1111:
1080:
1034:
1021:(4): 731â754.
1009:Latris lineata
994:
983:(2): 387â395.
958:
931:
904:
869:
830:
811:Froese, Rainer
801:
800:
798:
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777:
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749:Lepeophtheirus
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421:Stewart Island
404:
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384:
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379:
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334:
333:Identification
331:
279:
276:
252:Cheilodactylus
182:
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168:
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2057:Blue morwong/
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299:ichthyologist
296:
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258:Blue moki in
256:
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208:Pacific Ocean
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156:J. R. Forster
151:
149:
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139:Binomial name
136:
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32:
27:
22:
19:
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2164:
2159:
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2146:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2083:Red gurnard/
2076:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2044:Pink maomao/
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1966:Longfin eel/
1959:
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1792:Grey mullet/
1785:
1780:
1772:
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1759:
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1733:
1728:
1720:
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1707:
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1676:
1675:Deepsea cod/
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1587:Blue warehou
1580:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1515:Bass groper/
1508:
1503:
1495:
1491:kokowhaawhaa
1490:
1480:Non-endemic
1431:. Retrieved
1427:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1370:
1338:the original
1329:
1322:
1305:
1301:
1265:: 142. 2008.
1262:
1253:
1229:(1): 47â49.
1226:
1222:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1124:
1102:. Retrieved
1097:
1091:
1083:
1067:(1): 47â49.
1064:
1060:
1054:
1018:
1014:
1008:
980:
976:
950:. Retrieved
946:
922:. Retrieved
917:
907:
895:. Retrieved
885:
872:
860:. Retrieved
850:
844:
833:
822:
816:
805:
791:
782:
769:Cape runaway
766:
763:Cultural use
748:
736:
724:
707:
690:
677:
665:
653:
636:
589:commercially
582:
561:
528:
486:South Island
482:
454:
446:
433:New Plymouth
406:
386:
357:waters. The
336:
326:
320:type species
315:
309:
287:
281:
257:
250:
243:
237:
229:commercially
191:
190:
186:
185:
173:
147:
145:
129:
128:
116:
18:
2405:Latridopsis
2289:iNaturalist
2111:pohuiakaroa
2005:Marblefish/
1919:pihapiharau
1662:Conger eel/
1574:Blue shark/
1502:Barracouta/
1308:: 107â117.
845:Latridopsis
585:New Zealand
573:crustaceans
569:sea urchins
515:New Zealand
490:New Zealand
409:New Zealand
389:New Zealand
371:New Zealand
359:copper moki
355:New Zealand
339:copper moki
311:Latridopsis
260:New Zealand
212:New Zealand
117:Latridopsis
96:Perciformes
2399:Categories
2145:Trumpeter/
1886:Zeus faber
1879:John Dory/
1842:mangoopare
1727:Frostfish/
1701:Eagle ray/
1433:2019-05-07
1405:2019-04-30
1384:0478084692
1203:2019-05-07
1174:2019-05-07
952:2019-05-07
797:References
678:Proctoeces
671:Intestines
560:worms and
558:polychaete
519:commercial
429:commercial
292:naturalist
24:Blue moki
2132:Trevally/
2031:Pilchard/
2020:purumorua
1904:Kelpfish/
1729:taharangi
1703:whai repo
1612:patikinui
1597:Bluenose/
1564:Blue moki
1553:taketonga
1245:0028-8330
632:Monogenea
611:Parasites
597:East Cape
593:predators
579:Predators
550:gastropod
538:substrate
498:East Cape
473:East Cape
465:migration
437:Greymouth
351:trumpeter
343:phenotype
284:described
268:Kermadecs
233:game fish
216:Australia
187:Blue moki
124:Species:
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
2307:11304224
2263:FishBase
2215:Q1253327
2209:Wikidata
2147:kohikohi
2109:Scarpee/
2085:kumukumu
2070:Red cod/
2033:mohimohi
2018:Pigfish/
1945:hokarari
1917:Lamprey/
1906:hiwihiwi
1868:tarakihi
1794:hopuhopu
1753:Gemfish/
1740:Garfish/
1716:reperepe
1690:mahimahi
1489:Anchovy/
1198:FishBase
924:9 August
897:9 August
862:9 August
824:FishBase
720:Copepoda
703:Nematoda
623:Species
601:KaikÅura
587:and are
565:gregaria
502:Spawning
500:region.
469:KaikÅura
467:between
419:down to
393:Tasmania
367:Tasmania
347:Latridae
327:ciliaris
278:Taxonomy
240:red moki
204:Latridae
165:Synonyms
106:Latridae
102:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
2281:2394461
2158:Turbot/
2096:Roughy/
1893:Kahawai
1855:hauture
1818:Groper/
1781:paatiki
1576:poutini
1285:. 2010.
730:Stomach
713:Stomach
696:Stomach
659:Stomach
649:Digenea
531:benthic
496:to the
451:Habitat
415:to the
318:as its
210:around
158:, 1801)
112:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
2382:281277
2369:301387
2356:281277
2340:NZOR:
2320:170268
2294:410431
2160:patiki
2134:araara
2098:patohe
1994:parore
1932:hiriri
1881:kuparu
1820:hapuku
1807:koinga
1768:tamure
1755:tikati
1742:takeke
1677:patiki
1651:Ä«nanga
1610:Brill/
1599:matiri
1517:moeone
1504:mangaa
1382:
1243:
1140:
620:Group
563:Munida
506:larvae
322:. The
201:family
2377:WoRMS
2333:97160
2302:IRMNG
2268:12960
2255:6P4JH
2242:59367
2059:porae
1943:Ling/
1831:Hake/
1664:koiro
1638:akiwa
1625:toiki
1362:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
1104:9 Aug
947:Stuff
742:Gills
642:Gills
546:crabs
510:spawn
306:genus
248:genus
220:reefs
2351:OBIS
2328:NCBI
2315:ITIS
2276:GBIF
2237:BOLD
2072:hoka
2046:mata
2007:keke
1981:mako
1833:kehe
1380:ISBN
1241:ISSN
1138:ISBN
1106:2021
926:2021
899:2021
864:2021
755:Skin
751:sp.
680:sp.
599:and
542:prey
471:and
435:and
395:and
365:and
2250:CoL
2224:AFD
1310:doi
1306:141
1231:doi
1130:doi
1069:doi
1023:doi
985:doi
773:Iwi
286:as
242:, (
2401::
2379::
2366::
2353::
2330::
2317::
2304::
2291::
2278::
2265::
2252::
2239::
2226::
2211::
1426:.
1414:^
1398:.
1349:^
1304:.
1291:^
1271:^
1261:.
1239:.
1227:15
1225:.
1221:.
1196:.
1183:^
1167:.
1152:^
1136:.
1114:^
1096:.
1065:15
1063:.
1059:.
1037:^
1019:33
1017:.
1013:.
997:^
981:35
979:.
961:^
945:.
934:^
916:.
890:.
884:.
855:.
849:.
821:.
556:,
552:,
548:,
439:.
399:.
308:,
274:.
235:.
225:TL
2167:)
2163:(
2154:)
2150:(
2141:)
2137:(
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2124:(
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2114:(
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2101:(
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2014:)
2010:(
2001:)
1997:(
1988:)
1984:(
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1971:(
1962:)
1958:(
1952:)
1948:(
1939:)
1935:(
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1533:(
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1520:(
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1507:(
1498:)
1494:(
1467:e
1460:t
1453:v
1436:.
1408:.
1364:.
1316:.
1312::
1247:.
1233::
1206:.
1177:.
1146:.
1132::
1108:.
1094:"
1090:"
1077:.
1071::
1031:.
1025::
1011:"
991:.
987::
955:.
928:.
901:.
866:.
847:"
819:"
815:"
189:(
154:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
