239:
791:
117:
917:
3977:
709:
92:
3989:
56:
861:, Australia. In early March 2007, 25 of the 37 penguins died from an unknown toxin following a change of gravel in their enclosure. It is still not known what caused the deaths of the penguins, and it was decided not to return the 12 surviving penguins to the same enclosure where the penguins became ill. A new enclosure for the little penguin colony was opened at Sea World in 2008.
3087:
3965:
764:
off New
Zealand in 2011, which killed 2,000 seabirds (including little penguins) directly, and killed an estimated 20,000 in total based on wider ecosystem impacts. Oil spills are the most common cause of the little penguins being admitted to the rehabilitation facilities at Phillip Island Nature
638:
Overall, little penguin populations in New
Zealand have been decreasing. Some colonies have become extinct, and others continue to be at risk. Some new colonies have been established in urban areas. The species is not considered endangered in New Zealand, with the exception of the white-flippered
507:
species typically grow to between 30 and 33 cm (12 and 13 in) tall and on average weigh 1.5 kg (3.3 lb). The head and upper parts are blue in colour, with slate-grey ear coverts fading to white underneath, from the chin to the belly. Their flippers are blue in colour. The dark
880:. Since 2017, the National Aquarium of New Zealand, has featured a monthly "Penguin of the Month" board, declaring two of their resident animals the "Naughty" and "Nice" penguin for that month. Photos of the board have gone viral and gained the aquarium a large worldwide social media following.
540:
There are also behavioural differences that help differentiate these penguins. Those of the
Australian lineage will swim together in a large group after dusk and walk along the shore to reach their nesting sites. This may be an effective predator avoidance strategy by traveling in a large group
724:
in New
Zealand for the risk it poses to little penguins and their habitat. Protesters claimed that they exhausted all legal means to oppose the project and have had to resort to occupation and non-violent resistance. Several arrests have been made for trespassing.
847:. Enclosures include nesting boxes or similar structures for the animals to retire into, a reconstruction of a pool and in some cases, a transparent aquarium wall to allow patrons to view the animals underwater while they swim.
508:
grey-black beak is 3–4 cm long, the irises pale silvery- or bluish-grey or hazel, and the feet pink above with black soles and webbing. An immature individual will have a shorter bill and lighter upperparts.
568:
and changing sources of food that are available. This behaviour has also been observed in the Otago population, indicating this may be genetically-mediated behaviour in the populations of
Australian lineage.
563:
have been observed to double brood. Birds will double brood by laying a second clutch of eggs after the first has fledged to increase their reproductive success. They may also do this due to the increasing
765:
Park (PINP). These oil spill recurrences have endangered not just the little penguins, but the entire penguin population. This can further decline the population, which can lead to possible extinction.
1127:
Cole, Theresa L; Ksepka, Daniel T; Mitchell, Kieren J; Tennyson, Alan J D; Thomas, Daniel B; Pan, Hailin; Zhang, Guojie; Rawlence, Nicolas J; Wood, Jamie R; Bover, Pere; Bouzat, Juan L (1 April 2019).
2179:
1720:
1963:
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Banks, Jonathan C.; Mitchell, Anthony D.; Waas, Joseph R. & Paterson, Adrian M. (2002): An unexpected pattern of molecular divergence within the blue penguin (
330:
2695:
1555:
4241:
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1877:
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1015:
2256:
238:
1642:
1667:
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was most likely due to anthropogenic effects, such as being hunted by humans as well as introduced predators, including dogs brought from overseas.
733:
Introduced mammalian predators present the greatest terrestrial risk to little penguins and include cats, dogs, rats, and particularly ferrets and
4215:
2141:
1067:
Grosser, Stefanie; Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Anderson, Christian N. K.; Smith, Ian W. G.; Scofield, R. Paul; Waters, Jonathan M. (10 February 2016).
1931:
2125:
647:. Since the 1960s, the mainland population has declined by 60-70%; though a small increase has occurred on Motunau Island. A colony exists in
612:
was originally endemic to
Australia. Using ancient-DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating using historical, pre-human, as well as archaeological
4287:
1989:
616:
remains, the arrival of the
Australian species in New Zealand was determined to have occurred roughly between AD 1500 and 1900. When the
4395:
896:
1387:
2688:
2418:
2107:
2089:
1529:
2319:
1274:
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1804:"Effects of the Iron Baron oil spill on little penguins (Eudyptula minor). II. Post-release survival of rehabilitated oiled birds"
4405:
4339:
3847:
3570:
877:
2166:
1774:
578:
3798:
3793:
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2370:
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1724:
680:, for which they travel and dive quite extensively including to the sea floor. Important little penguin prey items include
4400:
2681:
3955:
37:
This article is about the species endemic to New
Zealand. For the species found in Australia and Otago, New Zealand, see
1967:
1694:
461:
partially supported these results. A 2016 study described the
Australian little penguin as a new and separate species,
4140:
4065:
2646:
2641:
737:. As examples significant dog attacks have been recorded at the colony at Little Kaiteriteri Beach, and a suspected
3918:
2992:
820:
116:
4246:
1884:
329:
3759:
945:
604:
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310:
38:
3771:
3338:
3326:
2381:
836:
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1269:. Rory P. Wilson, P. Dee Boersma, David L. Stokes, Jeff Davies, John Busby. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3391:
3379:
3127:
2542:
565:
530:
369:
345:
228:
1227:
Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). The
Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife, 2d Edition. Princeton University Press.
4114:
4083:
4005:
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3302:
3297:
3292:
3180:
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2411:
1779:
1752:
858:
832:
409:
379:
2015:
1440:
Grosser, Stefanie; Burridge, Christopher P.; Peucker, Amanda J.; Waters, Jonathan M. (14 December 2015).
1328:
Grosser, Stefanie; Burridge, Christopher P.; Peucker, Amanda J.; Waters, Jonathan M. (14 December 2015).
4313:
4145:
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3639:
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1841:
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211:
993:
4344:
4266:
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4052:
4043:
3580:
3265:
2893:
2792:
2720:
2704:
1453:
1341:
652:
635:
in Otago arrived even more recently than previously estimated due to mulitlocus coalescent analyses.
1938:
1129:"Mitogenomes Uncover Extinct Penguin Taxa and Reveal Island Formation as a Key Driver of Speciation"
3710:
3698:
3163:
3151:
3115:
2816:
2599:
1585:
689:
681:
415:
Little penguins from New Zealand and Australia were once considered to be the same species, called
81:
1993:
1202:
1176:
4385:
4331:
4127:
3981:
3857:
3852:
3673:
3624:
3614:
3229:
3103:
3045:
2910:
2905:
2864:
2804:
2564:
1581:
908:
111:
4318:
3808:
1251:
1069:"Invader or resident? Ancient-DNA reveals rapid species turnover in New Zealand little penguins"
3086:
1842:"Wildlife Act 1953 No 31 (as at 02 August 2019), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
4390:
4300:
4233:
4163:
3901:
3872:
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3427:
3185:
2927:
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2881:
2852:
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2510:
2505:
2404:
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1823:
1481:
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1270:
1158:
1150:
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1088:
779:
713:
291:
2122:
4305:
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2768:
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1815:
1471:
1461:
1359:
1349:
1140:
1096:
1080:
988:
454:
397:
4119:
2104:
2086:
1299:
519:
experiments show that in very exceptional cases they may live up to 25 years in captivity.
4274:
3830:
3444:
3367:
2944:
2616:
2604:
2579:
2484:
2437:
2129:
2111:
2093:
916:
757:
Little penguin populations have been significantly affected by a major oil spill with the
640:
587:
389:
321:
region of New Zealand, is considered a separate species by a 2016 study and a 2019 study.
3803:
3175:
1909:
970:
4057:
1457:
1345:
412:
consider the white-flippered penguin to be a subspecies or morph of the little penguin.
4070:
3993:
3661:
3541:
3512:
3500:
2968:
2631:
2554:
2515:
1476:
1441:
1364:
1329:
1101:
1068:
921:
888:
873:
795:
758:
721:
644:
442:
4256:
2282:
4374:
4228:
4132:
3634:
3629:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3536:
2651:
2065:
1624:
1533:
979:
816:
685:
458:
445:, as well as the white-flippered penguin, and a second containing little penguins of
101:
96:
68:
1414:
708:
4168:
3969:
3813:
3656:
3524:
3403:
3277:
3139:
3004:
2828:
2479:
2336:
State of Penguins: Little (blue) penguin – detailed and current species account of
1442:"Coalescent Modelling Suggests Recent Secondary-Contact of Cryptic Penguin Species"
1330:"Coalescent Modelling Suggests Recent Secondary-Contact of Cryptic Penguin Species"
869:
812:
599:
516:
434:
352:
are known, but a precise classification of these is still a matter of dispute. The
334:
55:
4155:
3988:
2205:
4357:
2350:
1466:
1354:
4326:
4202:
4037:
3619:
3454:
3241:
2469:
2335:
1039:
840:
438:
401:
385:
271:
72:
2231:
2167:
National Aquarium of New Zealand > New Zealand Land Animals - Little Penguin
2040:
4352:
3867:
3415:
3343:
2756:
2590:
2495:
2366:
2257:"Cincinnati Zoo Visitors Over the Moon for Penguin Ambassadors Mars and Rover"
1802:
Goldsworthy, S. D.; Giese, M.; Gales, R. P.; Brothers, N.; Hamill, J. (2000).
677:
673:
648:
349:
342:
4028:
3282:
2344:
1827:
1503:
1154:
1092:
749:, New Zealand claimed the lives of 29 little blue penguins in November 2014.
529:
In addition, the vocalisation patterns of the New Zealand lineage located on
3553:
3253:
2980:
2526:
1284:
1145:
1128:
892:
828:
807:
774:
669:
553:
541:
simultaneously. This has not been seen by those of the New Zealand lineage.
515:
species have a long lifespan. The average for the species is 6.5 years, but
497:
446:
429:
303:
188:
128:
17:
3028:
2939:
2876:
2374:
2355:
1668:"Arrests at Waiheke's Kennedy Point as fight to protect penguins escalates"
1485:
1373:
1162:
1110:
1084:
1016:"Fig 1. Map of distribution of Eudyptula penguins. Blue and red colours..."
475:
is found in Australia and Otago. A 2019 study supported the recognition of
2180:"Naughty Penguin of the Month is Giving Twitter Life to this Viral Thread"
1803:
1415:"NZ's southern little penguins are recent Aussie invaders: Otago research"
4279:
4022:
3776:
1264:
824:
799:
537:. Females are known to prefer the local call of the New Zealand lineage.
353:
148:
4106:
4194:
4091:
3069:
2673:
2459:
2427:
1388:"Australian and New Zealand Little Blue Penguins are Different Species"
746:
693:
492:
365:
267:
178:
168:
720:
Protestors have opposed the development of a marina at Kennedy Point,
4078:
3016:
2744:
1865:
844:
742:
734:
534:
138:
31:
4207:
4181:
3999:
1819:
778:
species are classified as "at risk - declining" under New Zealand's
4176:
2451:
789:
738:
707:
697:
620:
population declined in New Zealand, it left a genetic opening for
595:
548:
only recently encountered terrestrial vertebrate predators, while
450:
424:
420:
328:
318:
287:
586:
breeds along most of the coastline of New Zealand, including the
525:
does not have the distinct bright blue feathers that distinguish
453:
region of New Zealand. Preliminary analysis of braying calls and
4292:
3734:
3197:
405:
158:
4003:
2677:
2400:
3744:
3287:
1504:"Penguins: Little (Blue or Fairy) Penguins - Eudyptula minor"
1532:. Penguin Sentinels/University of Washington. Archived from
30:"Kororā" redirects here. For the extinct penguin genus, see
2396:
805:
Zoological exhibits featuring purpose-built enclosures for
67:), moving up from the shore at night towards its burrow on
400:
treated the little penguin and white-flippered penguin as
501:
species have developed into flippers used for swimming.
1992:. Taronga Conservation Society Australia. Archived from
712:
Traffic sign warning of little penguins crossing on the
1614:, New Zealand (28 February 2014). Retrieved 2014-07-26.
1073:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1643:"Police arrest three at Waiheke Island marina protest"
598:, which is located on the east coast of New Zealand's
3953:
2087:
Authorities find unknown toxin in Sea World Penguins
4012:
3689:
3569:
3443:
3218:
3094:
2711:
2614:
2588:
2552:
2524:
2493:
2467:
2449:
2206:"Penguin Cove – Little Penguin Conservation Center"
2169:, Nationalaquarium.vo.nz, Accessed 27 December 2014
994:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697805A202126091.en
579:List of little penguin colonies § New Zealand
433:: one containing little penguins of New Zealand's
1721:"Stoat suspected in Little blue penguin massacre"
341:The little penguin was first described by German
1775:"Rena: Oil clean-up chemical worries Greenpeace"
1590:) diet at three breeding colonies in New Zealand
2232:"Little Penguins Make a Big Splash - Bronx Zoo"
1506:. International Penguin Conservation Work Group
2444:: Spheniscidae · subfamily: Spheniscinae)
1748:"Penguin reigns in battle for nation's hearts"
1556:"Matiu/Somes Island - Nature and conservation"
1497:
1495:
631:It has been determined that the population of
2689:
2412:
1937:. National Zoo & Aquarium. Archived from
8:
2314:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
2016:"Little Penguins | SEA LIFE Sydney Aquarium"
1421:. University of Otago: Department of Zoology
533:vary from the Australian lineage located in
3939:
3922:
3910:
3893:
3881:
3839:
3817:
3780:
3763:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3677:
3665:
3643:
3606:
3584:
3557:
3545:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3487:
3470:
3458:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3395:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3330:
3318:
3306:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3206:
3189:
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2931:
2919:
2897:
2885:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2724:
1523:
1521:
296:
4000:
2696:
2682:
2674:
2419:
2405:
2397:
290:-blue plumage and are also known by their
237:
90:
54:
45:
2347:at the International Penguin Conservation
1475:
1465:
1363:
1353:
1209:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1183:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1144:
1100:
992:
1235:
1233:
1203:"Eudyptula minor chathamensis; holotype"
811:species can be seen in Australia at the
552:would have had to deal with carnivorous
3960:
2142:"Seaworld opens new haven for penguins"
1746:Backhouse, Matthew (28 December 2011).
961:
932:
366:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
2287:Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden®
2261:Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden®
1883:. Zoos South Australia. Archived from
1177:"Eudyptula minor variabilis; holotype"
668:Little penguins feed by hunting small
2068:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2066:"Mystery penguin deaths at Sea World"
1695:"DOC devastated by death of penguins"
1693:Carson, Jonathan (3 September 2014).
7:
4267:b631d723-9fb3-4719-9db8-d087a79874dc
1122:
1120:
1062:
1060:
4381:IUCN Red List least concern species
1599:: 199–205 Accessed 30 January 2014.
980:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
831:, Caversham Wildlife Park (Perth),
2105:Sea World probes mysterious deaths
1530:"Little Penguin - Penguin Project"
384:) is currently considered by most
25:
2362:Philip Island Nature Park website
471:is endemic to New Zealand, while
333:A white-flippered penguin in the
3987:
3975:
3963:
3848:North Island little spotted kiwi
3085:
1719:Mead, Thomas (5 November 2014).
1266:The penguins : Spheniscidae
915:
878:National Aquarium of New Zealand
115:
2123:Penguin deaths remain a mystery
1580:Flemming, S.A., Lalas, C., and
1133:Molecular Biology and Evolution
969:BirdLife International (2020).
3799:North Island stout-legged wren
3794:South Island stout-legged wren
2351:Little penguin at PenguinWorld
1594:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
1300:"Longevity in Little Penguins"
868:penguin exhibits exist at the
745:attack at Doctor's Point near
1:
364:are in the collection of the
274:. They are commonly known as
2545:(or northern little penguin)
1467:10.1371/journal.pone.0144966
1355:10.1371/journal.pone.0144966
939:This IUCN assessment treats
887:penguins can be seen at the
362:Eudyptula minor chathamensis
2647:Northern rockhopper penguin
2642:Southern rockhopper penguin
1990:"Australian Little Penguin"
1966:. Perth Zoo. Archived from
821:National Zoo & Aquarium
404:. However, as of 2012, the
4422:
4396:Subterranean nesting birds
3919:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
2993:South Island oystercatcher
2310:Williams, Tony D. (1995).
1609:"Little Penguin Factsheet"
1560:Department of Conservation
1263:Williams, Tony D. (1995).
853:penguin exhibit exists at
576:
527:Eudyptula novaehollandiae.
317:), from Australia and the
36:
29:
3760:Auckland Island merganser
3083:
2440:: Sphenisciformes ·
2434:
2020:www.sydneyaquarium.com.au
1528:Grabski, Valerie (2009).
987:: e.T22697805A202126091.
946:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
639:subspecies found only on
633:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
605:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
602:. The Australian species
561:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
550:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
464:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
315:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
311:Australian little penguin
245:
236:
217:
210:
112:Scientific classification
110:
88:
79:
62:
53:
48:
39:Eudyptula novaehollandiae
3772:Chatham Island merganser
3339:Northern royal albatross
3327:New Zealand storm petrel
2539:(or little blue penguin)
2356:West Coast Penguin Trust
2110:13 February 2011 at the
2092:13 February 2011 at the
1866:Sea Life Sydney Aquarium
1723:. 3 News. Archived from
1631:New Zealand Birds Online
1562:. New Zealand Government
837:Sea Life Sydney Aquarium
573:Distribution and habitat
566:sea surface temperatures
511:Like most seabirds, the
4406:Birds described in 1781
3392:South Island saddleback
3380:North Island saddleback
3356:Orange-fronted parakeet
3128:North Island brown kiwi
2543:White-flippered penguin
2499:(brush-tailed penguins)
2382:"Little (Blue) Penguin"
1628:In Miskelly, C.M. (ed.)
1623:Flemming, S.A. (2013) "
794:Little penguins at the
531:Tiritiri Matangi Island
370:white-flippered penguin
346:Johann Reinhold Forster
3940:
3923:
3911:
3894:
3882:
3840:
3818:
3781:
3764:
3727:
3715:
3703:
3678:
3666:
3644:
3607:
3585:
3558:
3546:
3529:
3517:
3505:
3488:
3471:
3459:
3432:
3420:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3372:
3360:
3348:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3303:New Zealand fairy tern
3270:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3207:
3190:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3034:Variable oystercatcher
3021:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2932:
2920:
2898:
2886:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2371:The Birds of Australia
2045:Ballarat Wildlife Park
1780:The New Zealand Herald
1753:The New Zealand Herald
1085:10.1098/rspb.2015.2879
883:In the United States,
859:Gold Coast, Queensland
833:Ballarat Wildlife Park
802:
717:
410:BirdLife International
338:
297:
4314:Paleobiology Database
3931:New Zealand musk duck
3878:Scarlett's shearwater
3755:South Island adzebill
3750:North Island adzebill
3640:Erect-crested penguin
3484:Chatham oystercatcher
3315:New Zealand king shag
2957:New Zealand rock wren
2637:Erect-crested penguin
2283:"Little Blue Penguin"
2128:21 March 2008 at the
1878:"Little Blue Penguin"
1146:10.1093/molbev/msz017
793:
711:
483:as separate species.
423:in 2002 revealed two
332:
4401:Birds of New Zealand
3581:Antipodean albatross
3571:Subantarctic islands
2894:New Zealand dotterel
2793:Double-banded plover
2705:Birds of New Zealand
1298:Dann, Peter (2005).
949:as just one species.
729:Introduced predators
653:Matiu / Somes Island
280:little blue penguins
3890:North Island takahē
3765:rakiraki maungahuka
3711:New Zealand bittern
3699:South Island piopio
3652:Reischek's parakeet
3298:South Island kōkako
3293:North Island kōkako
3181:South Island takahē
3164:Yellow-eyed penguin
3152:Southern brown kiwi
3116:Little spotted kiwi
2600:Yellow-eyed penguin
1970:on 28 February 2014
1846:legislation.govt.nz
1727:on 11 November 2014
1536:on 16 December 2011
1458:2015PLoSO..1044966G
1419:University of Otago
1413:Grosser, Stefanie.
1346:2015PLoSO..1044966G
1040:"Fossorial animals"
786:Zoological exhibits
82:Conservation status
4128:BirdLife-Australia
3858:South Island snipe
3853:North Island snipe
3674:Subantarctic snipe
3625:Campbell albatross
3615:Antipodes parakeet
3559:kawau o rangihaute
3230:Black-fronted tern
3104:Great spotted kiwi
3046:White-fronted tern
2911:North Island robin
2906:South Island robin
2865:Long-tailed cuckoo
2805:New Zealand falcon
2620:(crested penguins)
2565:Magellanic penguin
2384:. Photo Volcaniaca
1783:. 25 November 2011
1394:. 16 December 2015
1392:MessagetoEagle.com
1307:Marine Ornithology
1207:Collections Online
1181:Collections Online
1079:(1824): 20152879.
922:Animals portal
909:Smallest organisms
803:
718:
624:. The decrease of
622:E. novaehollandiae
610:E. novaehollandiae
594:does not occur in
491:Like those of all
481:E. novaehollandiae
473:E. novaehollandiae
356:of the subspecies
339:
266:) is a species of
27:Species of penguin
4368:
4367:
4301:Open Tree of Life
4006:Taxon identifiers
3951:
3950:
3902:New Zealand goose
3723:New Zealand quail
3467:Chatham albatross
3186:Fiordland penguin
2928:Paradise shelduck
2916:New Zealand scaup
2853:Sacred kingfisher
2841:Grey-faced petrel
2733:Black-billed gull
2671:
2670:
2627:Fiordland penguin
2575:Galapagos penguin
2558:(banded penguins)
2530:(little penguins)
2511:Chinstrap penguin
2338:(Eudyptula minor)
2041:"Little Penguins"
1808:Wildlife Research
780:Wildlife Act 1953
759:grounding of the
608:occurs in Otago.
392:or subspecies of
374:E. m. albosignata
348:in 1781. Several
286:, owing to their
254:
253:
105:
16:(Redirected from
4413:
4361:
4360:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4282:
4270:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4237:
4236:
4224:
4223:
4211:
4210:
4198:
4197:
4185:
4184:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4097:151738D51BE6DDA4
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3943:
3936:New Zealand swan
3926:
3914:
3897:
3885:
3843:
3821:
3789:Long-billed wren
3784:
3767:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3681:
3669:
3647:
3610:
3588:
3561:
3549:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3496:Chatham parakeet
3491:
3479:Chatham gerygone
3474:
3462:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3334:
3322:
3310:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3210:
3193:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2935:
2923:
2901:
2889:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2769:Buff-banded rail
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2657:Macaroni penguin
2570:Humboldt penguin
2473:(great penguins)
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2325:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2102:
2096:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:on 24 March 2014
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1964:"Little Penguin"
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1944:on 12 March 2014
1943:
1936:
1932:"AdventureTrail"
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1910:"Little Penguin"
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1639:
1633:
1621:
1615:
1612:Auckland Council
1606:
1600:
1586:Little penguin (
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1452:(12): e0144966.
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1340:(12): e0144966.
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1260:
1254:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1148:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
966:
950:
937:
920:
919:
864:In New Zealand,
690:Graham's gudgeon
455:cluster analysis
394:Eudyptula minor.
358:E. m. variabilis
300:
241:
223:
120:
119:
99:
94:
93:
63:Little penguin (
58:
46:
21:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4358:Eudyptula-minor
4356:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4275:Observation.org
4273:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4253:
4245:
4240:
4232:
4227:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4090:
4084:eudyptula-minor
4082:
4077:
4071:Eudyptula_minor
4069:
4064:
4058:Eudyptula_minor
4056:
4051:
4044:Eudyptula minor
4042:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4014:Eudyptula minor
4008:
3998:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3954:
3952:
3947:
3831:Waitaha penguin
3826:Chatham penguin
3691:
3685:
3573:
3565:
3447:
3445:Chatham Islands
3439:
3368:Red-billed gull
3361:kākāriki karaka
3222:
3220:
3214:
3096:
3090:
3081:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2667:
2662:Chatham penguin
2610:
2605:Waitaha penguin
2584:
2580:African penguin
2548:
2520:
2506:Adélie penguin
2489:
2485:Emperor penguin
2463:
2445:
2430:
2425:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2345:Little penguins
2332:
2322:
2309:
2306:
2304:Further reading
2301:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2212:. 20 April 2016
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2130:Wayback Machine
2121:
2117:
2112:Wayback Machine
2103:
2099:
2094:Wayback Machine
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1912:. Zoos Victoria
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1820:10.1071/wr99076
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1699:The Nelson Mail
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1622:
1618:
1607:
1603:
1588:Eudyptula minor
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1277:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1241:Eudyptula minor
1238:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
973:Eudyptula minor
968:
967:
963:
959:
954:
953:
941:Eudyptula minor
938:
934:
929:
914:
905:
788:
771:
755:
731:
706:
666:
661:
641:Banks Peninsula
592:Eudyptula minor
588:Chatham Islands
584:Eudyptula minor
581:
575:
523:Eudyptula minor
517:flipper ringing
495:, the wings of
489:
417:Eudyptula minor
388:to be a colour
327:
263:Eudyptula minor
248:Eudyptula minor
232:
225:
221:Eudyptula minor
219:
206:
169:Sphenisciformes
114:
106:
95:
91:
84:
65:Eudyptula minor
49:Little penguin
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4419:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4373:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4261:
4257:little-penguin
4251:
4238:
4225:
4212:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4150:
4137:
4133:little-penguin
4124:
4111:
4101:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4034:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3928:
3916:
3904:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3873:Imber's petrel
3870:
3865:
3863:Forbes's snipe
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3836:Eyles' harrier
3833:
3828:
3823:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3774:
3769:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3662:Snares penguin
3659:
3654:
3649:
3645:tawaki nana hī
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3577:
3575:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3551:
3542:Magenta petrel
3539:
3534:
3522:
3513:Chatham pigeon
3510:
3501:Chatham petrel
3498:
3493:
3481:
3476:
3464:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3226:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3195:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2969:Shining cuckoo
2966:
2954:
2942:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Snares penguin
2629:
2623:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2537:Little penguin
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2516:Gentoo penguin
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2377:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:in New Zealand
2331:
2330:External links
2328:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2274:
2248:
2223:
2210:Louisville Zoo
2197:
2186:. 21 July 2018
2171:
2159:
2148:. 8 March 2008
2146:Brisbane Times
2133:
2115:
2097:
2079:
2057:
2032:
2007:
1981:
1955:
1923:
1901:
1890:on 15 May 2013
1869:
1858:
1833:
1814:(6): 573–582.
1794:
1766:
1738:
1711:
1685:
1674:. 17 June 2021
1659:
1634:
1616:
1601:
1582:van Heezik, Y.
1573:
1547:
1517:
1491:
1432:
1405:
1379:
1320:
1290:
1275:
1255:
1229:
1220:
1194:
1168:
1139:(4): 784–797.
1116:
1056:
1031:
1007:
960:
958:
955:
952:
951:
931:
930:
928:
925:
912:
911:
904:
901:
897:Cincinnati Zoo
889:Louisville Zoo
874:Wellington Zoo
796:Birch Aquarium
787:
784:
770:
767:
754:
751:
730:
727:
722:Waiheke Island
716:of New Zealand
705:
702:
665:
662:
660:
657:
645:Motunau Island
574:
571:
488:
485:
443:Chatham Island
419:. Analysis of
326:
323:
276:fairy penguins
258:little penguin
252:
251:
243:
242:
234:
233:
226:
215:
214:
208:
207:
200:
198:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
108:
107:
89:
86:
85:
80:
77:
76:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4418:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3961:
3957:
3942:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3907:Finsch's duck
3905:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Haast's eagle
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3697:
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3668:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Campbell teal
3633:
3631:
3630:Campbell shag
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:tētē kākāriki
3604:
3603:Auckland teal
3601:
3599:
3598:Auckland shag
3596:
3594:
3593:Auckland rail
3591:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
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3537:Chatham snipe
3535:
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3221:endemic birds
3217:
3209:
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3141:
3138:
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3121:kiwi pukupuku
3117:
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2974:pīpīwharauroa
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2358:(New Zealand)
2357:
2354:
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2334:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2321:0-19-854667-X
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2263:. 21 May 2021
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2017:
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1995:
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1276:0-19-854667-X
1272:
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834:
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826:
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817:Melbourne Zoo
814:
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686:slender sprat
683:
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459:morphometrics
456:
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301:
299:
293:
289:
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284:blue penguins
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:
259:
249:
246:The range of
244:
240:
235:
230:
224:
222:
216:
213:
212:Binomial name
209:
205:
204:
203:E. minor
199:
196:
195:
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191:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
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143:
140:
137:
134:
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130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
109:
103:
98:
97:Least Concern
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
69:Kapiti Island
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4013:
3814:Laughing owl
3809:Chatham kākā
3804:Lyall's wren
3657:Snares snipe
3525:Chatham shag
3404:Shore plover
3278:Foveaux shag
3203:Blue penguin
3202:
3140:Okarito kiwi
3005:Spotted shag
2933:pūtangitangi
2829:Grey warbler
2615:
2589:
2553:
2536:
2525:
2494:
2480:King penguin
2468:
2458:
2450:
2386:. Retrieved
2369:
2337:
2312:The Penguins
2311:
2290:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2236:bronxzoo.com
2235:
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2183:
2174:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2145:
2136:
2118:
2100:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1885:the original
1872:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:the original
1508:. Retrieved
1449:
1445:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1418:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1391:
1382:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1313:17 September
1311:. Retrieved
1306:
1293:
1265:
1258:
1252:PDF fulltext
1250:(1): 29–38.
1247:
1244:
1240:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1136:
1132:
1076:
1072:
1047:. Retrieved
1044:Animalia.bio
1043:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1019:ResearchGate
1018:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
984:
978:
972:
964:
944:
940:
935:
913:
884:
882:
870:Auckland Zoo
865:
863:
850:
849:
813:Adelaide Zoo
806:
804:
773:
772:
769:Conservation
760:
756:
732:
719:
667:
637:
632:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
603:
600:South Island
591:
583:
582:
560:
558:
549:
545:
542:
539:
526:
522:
521:
512:
510:
504:
503:
496:
490:
480:
476:
472:
468:
462:
435:North Island
428:
416:
414:
393:
378:E. m. minor
377:
373:
361:
357:
340:
335:South Island
314:
308:
295:
283:
279:
275:
262:
261:
257:
255:
250:is in blue.
247:
220:
218:
202:
201:
189:
179:Spheniscidae
64:
43:
18:Blue penguin
4327:SeaLifeBase
4203:iNaturalist
4038:Wikispecies
3982:New Zealand
3924:ruru hinapō
3620:Bounty shag
3455:Black robin
3242:Black stilt
3075:ngutuparore
3039:tōrea pango
2950:tītipounamu
2899:tūturiwhatu
2774:moho-pererū
2470:Aptenodytes
2380:Roscoe, R.
2190:27 December
1731:11 November
1704:4 September
1540:25 November
1510:25 November
1309:(33): 71–72
1243:) complex.
1049:22 December
1000:13 November
841:Taronga Zoo
682:arrow squid
678:crustaceans
674:cephalopods
643:and nearby
590:. However,
559:Australian
487:Description
439:Cook Strait
402:allospecies
386:taxonomists
382:albosignata
302:. They are
272:New Zealand
73:New Zealand
4375:Categories
4353:Xeno-canto
3912:manutahora
3868:Snipe-rail
3782:mātuhituhi
3428:Yellowhead
3416:Stitchbird
3344:Otago shag
3332:takahikare
3219:Endangered
3095:Flightless
3010:pārekareka
2822:pīwakawaka
2757:Brown teal
2591:Megadyptes
2555:Spheniscus
2496:Pygoscelis
2184:Bustle.com
2152:24 January
1566:3 November
957:References
895:, and the
876:, and the
839:, and the
753:Oil spills
714:West Coast
651:Harbor on
649:Wellington
577:See also:
554:marsupials
350:subspecies
343:naturalist
4386:Eudyptula
3667:pokotiwha
3554:Pitt shag
3409:tūturuatu
3373:tarāpunga
3320:kawau tūī
3254:Blue duck
3235:tarapiroe
3063:pōpokotea
3058:Whitehead
2981:Silvereye
2664:(extinct)
2607:(extinct)
2527:Eudyptula
2072:15 August
1828:1448-5494
1647:NZ Herald
1155:0737-4038
1093:0962-8452
893:Bronx Zoo
885:Eudyptula
866:Eudyptula
857:, on the
855:Sea World
851:Eudyptula
829:Perth Zoo
808:Eudyptula
775:Eudyptula
659:Behaviour
614:Eudyptula
543:Eudyptula
513:Eudyptula
505:Eudyptula
498:Eudyptula
447:Australia
430:Eudyptula
396:In 2008,
354:holotypes
304:fossorial
197:Species:
190:Eudyptula
135:Kingdom:
129:Eukaryota
4391:Penguins
4234:22697805
4120:22697805
4115:BirdLife
4104:BioLib:
4023:Wikidata
3777:Bushwren
3679:tutukiwi
3308:tara-iti
3266:Fernbird
3223:(flying)
3022:miromiro
2962:pīwauwau
2945:Rifleman
2887:pīhoihoi
2834:riroriro
2810:kārearea
2798:pohowera
2781:Dabchick
2738:tarāpuka
2726:korimako
2721:Bellbird
2617:Eudyptes
2428:Penguins
2388:13 April
2241:21 April
2216:21 April
2126:Archived
2108:Archived
2090:Archived
2050:21 April
2025:23 April
2000:12 March
1974:12 March
1948:12 March
1916:12 March
1894:12 March
1787:28 March
1759:28 March
1584:(2013) "
1486:26675310
1446:PLOS ONE
1374:26675310
1334:PLOS ONE
1285:30736089
1245:Notornis
1163:30722030
1111:26842575
903:See also
825:Canberra
800:La Jolla
670:clupeoid
626:E. minor
618:E. minor
493:penguins
477:E. minor
469:E. minor
449:and the
398:Shirihai
325:Taxonomy
175:Family:
149:Chordata
145:Phylum:
139:Animalia
125:Domain:
102:IUCN 3.1
4195:2481646
4182:litpen1
4156:litpen1
4092:Avibase
4029:Q203628
3994:Oceania
3956:Portals
3841:kērangi
3716:kaoriki
3690:Extinct
3506:ranguru
3157:tokoeka
3070:Wrybill
2921:pāpango
2870:koekoeā
2817:Fantail
2460:Species
2367:Gould's
2292:9 March
2267:9 March
1678:17 June
1652:17 June
1477:4682933
1454:Bibcode
1365:4682933
1342:Bibcode
1213:17 July
1187:17 July
1102:4760177
747:Dunedin
704:Threats
694:red cod
664:Feeding
306:birds.
268:penguin
231:, 1781)
229:Forster
185:Genus:
165:Order:
155:Class:
100: (
4345:225932
4319:143760
4306:613299
4293:225932
4264:NZOR:
4254:NZBO:
4221:174460
4079:ARKive
3883:ōiruki
3819:whēkau
3728:koreke
3704:piopio
3460:karure
3349:Matapo
3271:mātātā
3208:kororā
3191:tawaki
3176:Kākāpō
3017:Tomtit
2986:tauhou
2940:Pūkeko
2877:Kererū
2858:kōtare
2786:weweia
2762:pāteke
2750:pipipi
2712:Common
2442:family
2318:
1851:28 May
1826:
1484:
1474:
1425:11 May
1398:12 May
1372:
1362:
1283:
1273:
1161:
1153:
1109:
1099:
1091:
1024:15 May
872:, the
845:Sydney
819:, the
743:ferret
735:stoats
696:, and
676:, and
672:fish,
535:Oamaru
425:clades
380:morpha
368:. The
298:kororā
32:Korora
4340:WoRMS
4332:73707
4280:73571
4247:37083
4177:eBird
4169:6H8KC
4153:BOW:
4146:30308
3970:Birds
3941:poūwa
3692:birds
3586:Toroa
3574:birds
3547:tāiko
3530:papua
3518:parea
3489:tōrea
3472:toroa
3448:birds
3433:mōhua
3397:tīeke
3385:tīeke
3169:hoiho
3133:roroa
3109:roroa
3097:birds
2998:tōrea
2882:Pipit
2714:birds
2452:Genus
2438:order
2375:plate
1942:(PDF)
1935:(PDF)
1888:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1672:Stuff
1303:(PDF)
927:Notes
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294:name
292:Māori
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