334:, of whom he said: " He is totally irresponsible...I wanted to negotiate on this affairs of the legions, and what do you think he said? I am the legend. Can one speak to such a man!" He maintained social relations with his former superiors and friends, but was loyal to the state he became a citizen of. An example of this was when in 1924, he created a foundation in Smogulecka Wieś, approved by the state authorities in 1930, for the promotion of Polish science. In recognition of the merits for the establishment of Warsaw's higher research institutes, the Warsaw University and the Warsaw University of Technology, bestowed upon him the distinction of
147:, who both knew him since childhood. The Emperor discouraged his legal career and advised him to join the army. In 1873, the twenty-two-year-old entered the Prussian army and served as a one-year volunteer with the 2nd Guards Dragoon Regiment in Berlin. Two years later, in August 1875, he was appointed reserve officer of this regiment. In the army Czapski faced the hostility of the powerful Field Marshal
50:
350:, of which he was president since 1926. He died in Poznań on 7 September 1937 and was buried next to his parents in the crypt of the Smogulecki church. Though a very controversial figure, because of his ties with the Germans and Prussians, there was no doubt that Bogdan Hutten-Czapski considered himself a Polish patriot. Though he never married, he named
259:
received the news "with jubilation" and that the clergy, in their sermons, had urged the Poles to fight against the
Russians. He later served in Eastern affairs in the political department of the General Staff., and he was instructed to promote insurrection in Russian held Poland. Assigned successively to the staffs of
277:, as well as with the Polish society. He had also been requested to form a German Legion of Poles as Pilsudski had done in Austria, but after his request for similar concessions for the Poles that Pilsudski had achieved, this matter was dropped, and the recruited Poles joined the Pilsudski Legions. After the
329:
After the resurrection of the Polish State, he became a Polish citizen. He said " I cannot be a Polish citizen while there is no Polish state". He began managing his large estates, formerly under
Prussian rule, which included Smogulecka Wieś, inherited from his mother. He was virulently opposed to
46:, President of the Association of Polish Knights of Malta. Bogdan was the grandson of two Polish generals – Józef Grzegorz Longin Hutten-Czapski (1760–1810) and Stanisław Kostka Mielżyński (1778–1826), associate of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and servant of the Kingdom of Prussia until the end of WWI.
258:
said to him: "I have decided, if the God would grant us victory, to re-establish an independent Polish State". Wilhem II further said to him "..an independent Polish state in alliance with which
Germany will be, forever secured against Russia". Czapski reported the Polish clergy in Posen had
143:, graduating in 1875.Emeryk August Hutten-Czapski Later he wanted to study medicine, but had to give up when he got into politics. He remained a lifelong member of the board of the German Anti- Cancer Society. During his studies he received an invitation to the imperial court of Wilhelm I and
313:. He was a government commissioner at this institution, as well as at the later Regency Council. He was appointed as a secret counselor, but his reports were not given to Berlin, and his activities had to be limited to mitigate frictions on the spot. He tried to prevent
167:
Between 1882 and 1883 Bogdan was attached to the German
Embassy in Paris From 1884 to 1885 he was Aide-de-Camp of the Governor of Alsace-Lorraine. He was then from 1885 to 1888 Brigade Adjutant in Hannover, and from 1888 to 1896 squadron Commander in
308:
in
February 1916, Kaiser Wilhelm reiterated to Czapski, in detail, his plans to make Poland an independent state. He used all his influence to prevent the premature announcement of recruitment of three divisions of Polish volunteers for use by the
78:
4th class. He supported revolutionairy activities in France, Germany and
Ireland, travelling under different aliases. He died in 1852 from cholera when Bogdan was one year old. His mother, Countess Mielzynska, was from a wealthy family in German
95:
in Paris. Between 1862 and 1865 his mother, for health reasons, travelled frequently to Italy, where Bogdan as a small boy learned to speak
Italian fluently. Countess Czapska would spend the summer seasons in resorts in Germany, mainly in
227:, he left the army and devoted himself exclusively to parliamentary work. He was suitable for confidential missions in Italy like no one else because of his close relations with the long-time prime minister
354:, a distant nephew from the Llituanian Czpaski branch as his heir, who would follow in his footsteps by being very involved with Polish politics, the Vatican and the Knights of Malta.
236:
987:
185:
616:
296:, naming Czapski curator of both institutions. Czapski was an advocate of establishing the Polish state as soon as possible, which would include the
977:
357:
His book of recollections - "Sechzig Jahre
Politik und Gesellschaft" ("Sixty Years in Political and Social Life") was published in Berlin in 1936.
346:, Commanders Cross with Star. In the last years of his life he devoted himself to the drafting of his memoirs and the Polish Association of the
101:
67:
972:
281:, on behalf of the emperor, on 23 December 1914, he delivered the Marshal's Baton to the victorious Hindenburg in Posen (Poznań) castle.
159:, who did not allow Poles to higher ranks, so that after many years of service Czapski only reached the degree of Major of the hussars .
543:
317:
from being arrested, but this situation caused a certain mistrust between him and
Beseleer. After the end of the war he left for his
940:
861:
815:
790:
763:
738:
706:
679:
578:
553:
347:
208:, he was used permanently as an intermediary in ecclisiastical matters. He contributed to the appointment in 1891 of Archbishop
144:
43:
378:
217:
351:
384:
293:
243:
to obtain from the king and the government a promise to keep allied commitments to the central states in case of war.
128:, were very useful to him later in his "secret diplomacy" allowing him to mediate between the various chancellors of
831:
780:
696:
669:
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408:
366:
343:
624:
728:
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851:
284:
The occupation of Warsaw in August 1915 bound him to the end of the war with Polish affairs. Governor-General
982:
224:
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197:
331:
314:
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962:
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278:
270:
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148:
39:
62:
Bogdan
Czapski was the only son of Józef Napoleon Czapski (1797–1852) and Countess Eleonora (Laura)
263:
231:
and the very influential Milanese banker Joël. In 1905 he organized a meeting between Giolitti and
192:
and Prince Hohenlohe placed him in the centre of great politics. He was also a close associate of
63:
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66:(1815–1875). Józef Napoleon Czapski was a colorful character, described by the historian
310:
247:
97:
956:
877:
Polish Government Legal Acts Journal (November 1933). "Awards of Polonia Restituta".
267:
196:. Czapski was one of the few politicians that in 1900 was shown Chief of Staff Count
129:
117:
113:
116:
showed him kindness and friendship; Czapski was an eyewitness to the fall of the
84:
836:. American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1977. p. 45.
235:, and he sent very valuable reports to Berlin about his Roman talks. After the
255:
140:
70:
as a "célèbre révolutionnaire". As a Lieutenant of the Polish army during the
571:
The Order of the Virtuti Militari and Its Cavaliers, 1792–1992, hard Edition
173:
105:
49:
177:
31:
372:
Venerable Bailiff Knights Grand Cross of Justice Professed of Solemn Vows
205:
121:
27:
515:
496:
477:
458:
439:
297:
240:
201:
156:
152:
22:(Referred to in German contexts as Bogdan Graf von Hutten Czapski) h.
305:
274:
251:
169:
136:
80:
23:
698:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present
853:
The Nobility of Poland: Landowners of Poland : a Personal View
440:"Bogdan Franciszek Serwacy Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa (ID: 3.598.94)"
120:
and voluntary announcement by the Pope as being a "prisoner of the
497:"Józef Napoleon Kazimierz Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa (ID: 3.598.91)"
301:
48:
35:
671:
Reluctant union; Alsace-Lorraine and Imperial Germany, 1871–1918
213:
212:
of Gniezno and Poznan, and was sent on an unofficial mission to
125:
109:
108:. During the war years 1870–1871 Bogdan left France and went to
88:
459:"Józef Grzegorz Longin Hutten-Czapski h. Leliwa (ID: 3.598.53)"
104:, wife of the future king of Prussia and the German Emperor
342:, The President of the Republic, awarded Bogdan the Polish
478:"Stanisław Kostka hr. Mielżyński h. Nowina (ID: 3.598.93)"
623:. INTERNETOWY POLSKI SŁOWNIK BIOGRAFICZNY. Archived from
516:"Eleonora Laura hr. Mielżyńska h. Nowina (ID: 3.598.92)"
733:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 1144.
730:
Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941
548:. Krakow: Wyd. Znak and Czapski Editors. p. 276.
375:
Knight Grand Cross in Obedience of the Order of Malta
933:
Zakon Maltański w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 1919–1939
674:. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 191.
237:
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
657:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 560.
610:
381:Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
246:At the outbreak of the war, on 31 July 1914, the
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
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420:Austrian Marian Cross of the German Knight Order
53:Bogdan Hutten-Czapski in Knight of Malta Uniform
758:. University of Washington Press. p. 334.
573:. Miami, Florida: Hallmark Press. p. 151.
617:"BOGDAN FRANCISZEK SERWACY HR. CZAPSKI-HUTTEN"
654:The Holstein Papers, Correspondence, Volume 3
545:A Family of Central Europe: Through the Storm
273:, he mediated between them and government in
186:Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
8:
856:. Createspace Independent Pub. p. 398.
223:Named in 1895 as a hereditary member of the
124:." The relationships Czapski established in
810:. Cambridge University Press. p. 112.
785:. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Pres. p. 114.
756:The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918
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644:
642:
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135:In 1871 Czapski started studying law in
20:Bogdan Franciszek Serwacy Hutten-Czapski
988:Polish counts of the Kingdom of Prussia
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720:
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430:
321:estate in Poznań on 24 November 1918.
204:. Because of his relationships in the
102:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
184:, and unofficial aide and advisor to
7:
779:Roy A. Prete, A. Hamish Ion (2006).
68:Charles Forbes René de Montalembert
74:, he was awarded for bravery, the
14:
348:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
931:Lange, Tadeusz Wojciech (2000).
899:. Archiwum Państwowe w Poznaniu.
808:The History of Poland Since 1863
651:von Holstein, Friedrich (1961).
216:regarding the occupation of the
978:19th-century Polish politicians
188:. His personal friendship with
145:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
44:Warsaw University of Technology
850:Puslowski, Xavier Jon (2011).
379:Order of St. Gregory the Great
239:, he carried out a mission to
218:Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
1:
38:, politician, curator of the
973:19th-century Polish nobility
569:Wesolowsk, Zdzislaw (1992).
352:Emeryk August Hutten-Czapski
385:Order of the Crown of Italy
294:Warsaw Technical University
83:and sent him to schools in
1004:
701:. OUP Oxford. p. 23.
409:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
369:Commanders Cross with Star
367:Order of Polonia Restituta
344:Order of Polonia Restituta
615:Dworzaczek, Włodzimierz.
30:, d. 7 September 1937 in
833:Slavic Review, Volume 36
727:Röhl, John C. G (2014).
391:Order of Glory (Tunisia)
286:Hans Hartwig von Beseler
91:. He graduated from the
754:Wandycz, Piotr (1974).
695:Davies, Norman (2005).
668:Silverman, Dan (1972).
542:Czapska, Maria (2014).
225:Prussian House of Lords
182:Prussian House of Lords
100:, where she befriended
806:Leslie, R. F. (1980).
403:French Legion of Honor
397:Order of the Red Eagle
190:Friedrich von Holstein
151:and all the officers'
54:
415:Order of Franz Joseph
198:Alfred von Schlieffen
52:
782:Armies of Occupation
338:. In November 1933,
336:doctor honoris causa
304:. During a visit to
279:Battle of Tannenberg
271:August von Mackensen
261:Generalfeldmarschall
149:Alfred von Waldersee
40:University of Warsaw
935:. Wyd. Poznańskie.
514:Minakowski, Marek.
495:Minakowski, Marek.
476:Minakowski, Marek.
457:Minakowski, Marek.
438:Minakowski, Marek.
264:Paul von Hindenburg
893:"Majątek Smogulec"
627:on 13 October 2018
325:Life after the War
233:Bernhard von Bülow
210:Florian Stablewski
55:
26:(b 13 May 1851 in
290:Warsaw University
229:Giovanni Giolitti
194:Otto von Bismarck
132:and the Vatican.
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300:region and
85:Switzerland
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425:References
256:Wilhelm II
155:clique of
141:Heidelberg
64:Mielzynska
58:Early life
174:Castellan
106:Wilhelm I
631:22 April
292:and the
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178:Posen
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937:ISBN
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