348:
224:
143:, and only applied to a few dozen turners around High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. The Oxford English Dictionary Supplement of 1972 has two definitions for bodger, one is a local dialect word from Buckinghamshire, for chair leg turner. The other is Australian slang for bad workmanship. The etymology of the bodger and botcher (poor workmanship) are well recorded from Shakespeare onwards, and now the two terms are synonymous.
3039:
3049:
77:" . Of the other craftsmen involved in the construction of a Windsor chair, one was the benchman who worked in a small town or village workshop and would produce the seats, backsplats and other sawn parts. The final craftsman involved was the framer. The framer would take the components produced by the bodger and the benchman and would assemble and finish the chair.
3059:
214:
84:
furniture trade. Although there was great camaraderie and kinship amongst this close community nevertheless a professional eye was kept upon what each other was doing. Most important to the bodger was which company did his competitors supply and at what price. Bodger Samuel
Rockall's account book for
455:
There were traditionally two other types of craftsmen involved in the construction of a
Windsor chair. There was the benchman who worked in a workshop and would produce the seats, backsplats and other sawn parts. Then there was the framer who would take the components produced by the bodger and the
472:
Samuel
Rockall learnt the trade from his uncle, Jimmy Rockall. At the age of 61, Samuel was almost the last of the living chair bodgers. Rockall's bodging tradition was captured on film shortly after he died in 1962. His two sons helped in the reconstruction of his working life in the woods and his
103:
The rate of production was surprisingly high. According to Ronald
Goodearl, who photographed two of the last professional bodgers, Alec and Owen Dean, in the late 1940s, recalled they had stated "each man would turn out 144 parts per day (one gross) including legs and stretchers- this would include
34:
to make chair legs and other cylindrical parts of chairs. The work was done close to where a tree was felled. The itinerant craftsman who made the chair legs was known as a bodger or chair-bodger. According to
Collins Dictionary, the use of the term bodger in reference to green woodworking appeared
497:
can also refer to a job done of necessity using whatever tools and materials come to hand and which, whilst not necessarily elegant, is nevertheless serviceable. Bodged should not be confused with a "botched" job: a poor, incompetent or shoddy example of work, deriving from the mediaeval word
205:. Or possibly it may have been a derogatory term used by workers in furniture factories, referring to the men who worked in the woods that produced the “incomplete” chair parts. The factory workers would then take the output of that "bodged job" and turn it into a finished product.
443:
would further refine the leg shape. The finishing stage was turning the leg with the pole lathe (the pole lathe was made on site). Once the leg or stretchers were finished, being of "green" wood, they required seasoning. Chair legs would be stored in piles until the quota (usually a
234:
The bodger's equipment was so easy to move and set up that it was easier to go to the timber and work it there than to transport it to a workshop. The completed chair legs were sold to furniture factories to be married with other chair parts made in the workshop.
107:
Although the last of the original itinerant bodgers were relegated to the history books in the 1950s the subsequent revival of interest in pole lathe turning since 1980, has seen many current chairmakers now calling themselves bodgers.
637:
These "camps" were not where the bodgers lived, just where they worked during the day. They lived in cottages in the villages of the area and walked to work each day. They were no more "itinerant" than a modern day dry stone waller or
546:. He had earned the moniker from supporters through being employed in the town's furniture industry, but admitted in an interview after his playing career that he had never worked as an itinerant turner in the woods.
448:
of legs and the requisite stretchers) was complete. The bodger would then take their work to one of the large chair-making centres. The largest consumer of the day was the High
Wycombe
168:, defined as rough sacks of corn, closely resembled packages of finished goods the bodgers carried when they left the forest or workshop. Another hypothesis (dating from 1879) is that
150:'s dictionary of the English language published in 1766, the Shakespearean use of the word "bodged", means to "boggle". According to Johnson "boggle" is another word for hesitate.
2932:
613:
The OED Supplement s (1972) lists a bodger as a local name, in
Buckinghamshire, for a chair leg turner. Hence (chair)-bodgering the action or process of chair-leg turning.
1055:
The encyclopædic dictionary: a new and original work of reference to all the words in the
English language, with a full account of their origin, meaning, pronunciation, and use
409:, irrespective of user or location, and remained the bodger's preferred lathe until the 1960s when the trade died out, losing to the more cost-effective and rapid mechanised
67:. Chairs were made and parts turned in all parts of the UK before the semi industrialised production of High Wycombe. As well recorded in Cotton the English Regional Chair.
732:
713:
2922:
435:
After felling a suitable tree, the bodger would cut the tree into billets, approximately the length of a chair leg. The billet would then be split using a
347:
1186:
High
Wycombe Lathe is a wood bed pole-lathe used amongst the bodgers of the area. Bodgers still used pole-lathes in the High Wycombe area until the 1960s
157:"The encyclopædic dictionary", suggest that it could also be a corruption of "botch", meaning "patch", or a measurement of capacity equivalent to half a
971:
92:
Another account states: "a bodger worked ten hours a day, six concurrent days a week, in all weathers, only earning thirty shillings a week" (360
136:
The origins of the term are obscure. There is no known etymology of the modern term bodger that refers to skilled woodworkers. It first appears
1414:
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851:
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benchman. The framer would assemble and finish the chair. After completion the chairs were sold on to dealers, mainly in the market town of
289:
of green wood to be intermediately finished for the wood-turner. This is because "green" wood is far easier to slice near-finished to shape
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89:(144 units) of plain legs including stretchers. With three stretchers to a set of four legs this amounted to 242 turnings in total.
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in a "bodger's hovel" or basic "lean-to"-type shelter constructed of forest-floor lengths suitable for use as poles
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In the early years of the 20th century, there were about 30 chair bodgers scattered within the vicinity of the
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Chair bodgers were one of three types of craftsmen associated with the making of the traditional country "
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and follows the complete process using Sam's own tools and equipment. A film copy is available at the
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Stimulus and
Response: An investigation into changes in the furniture industry between 1880 and 1920
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55:. Traditionally, bodgers were highly skilled wood-turners, who worked in the beech woods of the
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between 1799 and 1827 and, to a much lesser extent, from 1877 to 1886 and from 1939 to present.
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Bodgers also sold their waste product as kindling, or as exceptionally durable woven-baskets.
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A character named Bodger is the protagonist in the British children's television programme
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542:'s official mascot is a man called 'Bodger', referring to the club's record goalscorer
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the rapidly blunted tools which are blunted far more rapidly than if used to shape
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Douglas and Lucretia Bodger were brother-and-sister characters in the comic strip
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439:. Using the side-axe, he would roughly shape the pieces into chair legs. The
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cutting up the green wood, and turning it into blanks, then turning it".
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workshop. The colour film was produced by the furniture manufacturer
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176:, as similarly to the behaviour of a badger, the bodger dwelt in the
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1321:
Tony Horseman : Wycombe Wanderers : Interview Part 1 of 4
622:
By comparison the national average earnings for 1908 was about £70
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502:, though often in fashion magazines to describe poorly executed
498:"botch" – a bruise or carbuncle, typically in the field of
424:
Traditionally, a bodger would buy a stand of trees from a local
318:
158:
1396:
818:
Furnishing the World. The East London Furniture Trade 1830-1980
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314:
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464:, which is possibly how the name "Windsor Chair" originated.
43:
The term was once common around the furniture-making town of
1058:. Vol. 1. Cassell, Petter, Galpin and Co. p. 624.
910:
1009:
J. Gerant Jenkins. Traditional Country Craftsmen. pp. 15-22
926:
Encyclopedia of furniture materials, trades, and techniques
876:
The forgotten Arts: A practical guide to traditional skills
382:
roof. The "sides" of the shelter may have been enclosed in
1356:
The Association of Polelathe Turners and Greenwood Workers
183:
Other hypotheses about its origin include the German word
1038:. Vol. 1. London: A. Miller et al. pp. BOA–BOL.
869:
867:
516:, is serviceable: a "botched" job most certainly is not.
195:. These words have similar origins to the English word
85:
1908 shows he was receiving 19 shillings (£0.95) for a
1127:
1125:
763:
Home Front Furniture: British Utility Design 1941-1951
2933:
International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
669:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 311.
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photographic memorial of Owen Dean and his workshop
311:: for cutting fallen or newly felled wood to length
1244:
1133:
996:The chair, its origins, design, and social history
124:And spend her strength with over-matching waves.
1232:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. pp. 126–128.
902:
900:
335:to firmly hold the wooden billets for using the
390:manner to keep out driving rain, animals, etc.
153:Other definitions of the word bodge taken from
130:Henry VI, part 3, Act 1, Scene 4 - Shakespeare
115:
1202:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. pp. 18–25.
1023:. London: Longmans, Green and Co. p. 136.
1408:
957:Rural England: A survey of its chief features
304:(likely fabricated in the forest as required)
8:
972:"Cheaper in those days? Prices and earnings"
706:
704:
118:With this, we charged again: but, out, alas!
1217:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. p. 124.
161:- equal to 1 imperial gallon (4.5 L).
2590:
2119:
1643:
1415:
1401:
1393:
1291:. Fantagraphics Books Inc. 9 November 2013
1047:
1045:
893:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. p. 61.
816:Kirkham, P.; Mace, R.; Porter, P. (1987).
122:With bootless labour swim against the tide
907:Samuel Rockall, last of the chair bodgers
2923:Building and Wood Workers' International
1136:The coming of the mass market, 1850-1914
658:
656:
654:
836:History of Chair Making in High Wycombe
650:
606:
428:, set up a place to live (his bodger's
555:and is himself involved in handiwork.
120:We bodged again; as I have seen a swan
405:term to describe any wooden-bed pole
353:Amberley Museum & Heritage Centre
7:
3058:
1376:The Chair Bodgers of Buckinghamshire
1108:"Early days of the Green Wood group"
1036:A dictionary of the English language
59:. The term and trade also spread to
3048:
2908:American Association of Woodturners
1275:
809:Irish Country Furniture 1700 - 1950
180:and seldom emerged until evenings.
16:Traditional green woodturning craft
1387:Film of the dying breed of bodgers
527:newspaper in the 1950s and 1960s.
14:
2938:National Wood Carvers Association
1247:Encyclopedia of Country Furniture
960:. C. Scribner's sons. p. 85.
794:(Available in the Museum library)
3057:
3047:
3038:
3037:
2913:Architectural Woodwork Institute
954:Massingham, Harold John (1939).
730:Wycombe District Council Website
711:Wycombe District Council Website
230:in a museum in Seiffen, Germany.
540:Wycombe Wanderers Football Club
530:Bodger is the name of a dog in
506:. A "bodge", like its synonyms
2918:British Woodworking Federation
1381:The last Chiltern chair bodger
1:
2928:Caricature Carvers of America
1164:Wood: Craft, Culture, History
1021:The Chilterns and the Vale VI
838:. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
792:. Unpublished MA thesis, RCA.
663:Burchfield, R.W, ed. (1972).
523:, which appeared in the U.K.
137:
1251:. Friedman/Fairfax. p.
1230:Traditional Country Craftmen
1228:Jenkins, J. Geraint (1965).
1215:Traditional Country Craftmen
1213:Jenkins, J. Geraint (1965).
1200:Traditional Country Craftmen
1198:Jenkins, J. Geraint (1965).
999:. A. S. Barnes. p. 130.
891:Traditional Country Craftmen
889:Jenkins, J. Geraint (1965).
800:English Vernacular Furniture
747:. Guild of Master Craftsmen.
374:, together to form a simple
297:as per turning on the lathe.
781:Twentieth Century Furniture
432:) and work close to trees.
242:or bodging tools included:
164:There is a hypothesis that
3120:
3099:History of Buckinghamshire
1341:BBC Bodger and Badger page
1132:Fraser, W. Hamish (1981).
858:Cambridge University Press
756:. Antique Collectors Club.
754:The English Regional Chair
3033:
2943:Society of Wood Engravers
2122:
1086:"Bodger in Hampden Woods"
827:English Country Furniture
716:October 12, 2007, at the
1343:Retrieved 13 April 2014.
1243:Frankel, Candie (1996).
1167:. Penguin. p. 418.
1034:Johnson, Samuel (1766).
878:. Angus & Robertson.
628:( ≈27 shillings a week).
3094:Arts in Buckinghamshire
1084:Wycombe Museum (2023).
1052:Hunter, Robert (1879).
923:Edwards, Clive (2000).
720:Retrieved 17 March 2014
401:became a commonly used
378:frame for a waterproof
285:: for crudely rounding
32:green (unseasoned) wood
3020:Frameless construction
2101:Wood-plastic composite
1389:in the Chiltern Hills.
1161:Green, Harvey (2007).
874:Seymour, John (1984).
691:"Definition of Bodger"
666:Supplements to the OED
533:The Incredible Journey
355:
231:
220:
134:
807:Kinmonth, C. (1993).
350:
226:
216:
3104:History of furniture
2948:Timber Framers Guild
1802:Australian Blackwood
993:Gloag, John (1967).
798:Gilbert, C. (1992).
788:Edwards, C. (1988).
779:Edwards, C. (1994).
770:Edwards, C. (1993).
351:The Bodger's Hut at
172:was a corruption of
2668:Hammer-headed tenon
2187:Janka hardness test
1289:"The Comic Journal"
1110:. GREEN WOOD WORKER
974:. www.parliament.uk
860:. 1939. p. 55.
772:Victorian Furniture
752:Cotton, B. (1991).
743:Abbott, M. (1989).
552:Bodger & Badger
485:Cultural references
26:) is a traditional
1529:Japanese carpentry
931:Ashgate Publishing
834:Mayes, J. (1960).
825:Knell, D. (1993).
761:Dover, H. (1991).
735:2007-10-12 at the
695:Collins Dictionary
399:High-Wycombe lathe
394:High Wycombe lathe
358:A bodger commonly
356:
232:
221:
3084:Green woodworking
3071:
3070:
3025:Green woodworking
2882:Wood preservation
2810:
2809:
2713:Tongue and groove
2693:Mortise and tenon
2582:
2581:
2280:Warrington hammer
2109:
2108:
1797:African Blackwood
1589:Segmented turning
1371:Guide to Bodging
1361:The Artful Bodger
1088:. Wycombe Museum
1019:Eland, E (1911).
580:Green woodworking
420:Working practices
295:against the grain
260:sharpening stones
250:and a variety of
132:
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2260:Thickness planer
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1914:(lime, basswood)
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739:, bibliography:
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489:In contemporary
325:wood into rough
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2066:Cross-laminated
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1604:Spindle turning
1594:Shingle weaving
1564:Pallet crafting
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621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
561:
491:British English
487:
470:
468:Notable bodgers
422:
411:mass production
396:
345:
211:
155:Robert Hunter's
140:
126:
123:
121:
119:
114:
49:Buckinghamshire
41:
24:chair-bodgering
17:
12:
11:
5:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3045:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2994:Quarter sawing
2991:
2986:
2984:Wood splitting
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2892:Wood finishing
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Paint stripper
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
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2799:
2794:
2789:
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2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
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2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
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2719:
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2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
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2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Shoulder plane
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Moulding plane
2531:
2526:
2524:Japanese plane
2521:
2516:
2514:Grooving plane
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
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2398:
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2367:
2365:
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2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:Flooring clamp
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Winding sticks
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Timber-framing
2262:
2257:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Particle board
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Glue laminated
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
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1927:
1922:
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1904:
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1652:
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1641:
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1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1609:Timber framing
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:Relief carving
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Bush carpentry
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1422:
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1412:
1405:
1397:
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1384:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1350:External links
1348:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1302:
1280:
1276:Country Relics
1268:
1261:
1235:
1220:
1205:
1190:
1173:
1153:
1146:
1121:
1099:
1076:
1041:
1026:
1011:
1002:
985:
963:
946:
939:
915:
896:
881:
863:
853:Country Relics
843:
841:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
745:Green Woodwork
722:
700:
682:
675:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
630:
615:
605:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
560:
557:
486:
483:
479:Wycombe Museum
469:
466:
421:
418:
395:
392:
370:, likely with
344:
341:
340:
339:
329:
312:
305:
298:
291:with the grain
275:
264:grinding wheel
210:
207:
148:Samuel Johnson
116:
113:
110:
75:Windsor Chairs
57:Chiltern Hills
40:
37:
30:craft, using
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3116:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
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3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3064:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3044:
3036:
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3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Chainsaw mill
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:Organizations
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Steam bending
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:French polish
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Rabbet/Rebate
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Mason's mitre
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Jointer plane
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Compass plane
2497:
2495:
2494:Chamfer plane
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Bedrock plane
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
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2442:
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2429:
2427:
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2404:
2402:
2399:
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2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Veneer hammer
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Impact driver
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
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2138:
2135:
2133:
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2128:
2125:
2124:
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2112:
2102:
2099:
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2087:
2084:
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2079:
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2059:
2055:
2049:
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2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Red Quebracho
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1956:
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1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Bow and arrow
1472:
1470:
1469:Boat building
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
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1444:
1441:
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1349:
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1329:
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1254:
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1239:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1174:9780143112693
1170:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1147:0-208-01960-X
1143:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1057:
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1027:
1022:
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1003:
998:
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989:
986:
973:
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964:
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947:
942:
940:9781840146394
936:
932:
928:
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919:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
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882:
877:
870:
868:
864:
859:
855:
854:
847:
844:
837:
832:
828:
823:
820:. Journeyman.
819:
814:
810:
805:
801:
796:
791:
786:
782:
777:
773:
768:
764:
759:
755:
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746:
741:
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738:
734:
731:
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723:
719:
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686:
683:
678:
672:
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667:
659:
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631:
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619:
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586:
583:
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578:
576:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
558:
556:
554:
553:
547:
545:
544:Tony Horseman
541:
537:
535:
534:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
496:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
467:
465:
463:
459:
453:
451:
450:Windsor chair
447:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
419:
417:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
349:
343:Accommodation
342:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:, and likely
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:
243:
241:
236:
229:
225:
219:
215:
208:
206:
204:
203:
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167:
162:
160:
156:
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149:
144:
133:
131:
125:
111:
109:
105:
101:
99:
95:
90:
88:
83:
78:
76:
71:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3089:Chair-making
2832:Heat bending
2777:Edge banding
2549:Router plane
2544:Rebate plane
2504:Finger plane
2235:
1939:
1933:
1913:
1907:Lignum vitae
1665:
1659:
1624:Wood carving
1599:Shipbuilding
1584:Root carving
1544:Log building
1509:Chip carving
1336:
1325:
1320:
1311:Ghostarchive
1309:Archived at
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1283:
1271:
1246:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1178:. Retrieved
1163:
1156:
1135:
1112:. Retrieved
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1054:
1035:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1005:
995:
988:
976:. Retrieved
966:
956:
949:
925:
918:
890:
884:
875:
852:
846:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
789:
780:
771:
762:
753:
744:
725:
694:
685:
676:0-19861-1153
664:
633:
623:
618:
609:
550:
548:
538:
531:
529:
518:
513:
507:
494:
488:
475:Parker Knoll
471:
454:
434:
423:
398:
397:
362:in the open
357:
294:
293:than to cut
290:
239:
237:
233:
200:
196:
192:
184:
182:
169:
165:
163:
152:
145:
135:
129:
127:
117:
106:
102:
91:
82:High Wycombe
79:
72:
69:
45:High Wycombe
42:
23:
19:
18:
3053:WikiProject
2999:Rift sawing
2989:Flat sawing
2877:Wood drying
2554:Scrub plane
2539:Razee plane
2489:Block plane
2343:Mitre clamp
2290:Wood scribe
2241:Combination
1983:Purpleheart
1679:Douglas fir
1629:Woodturning
1462:Occupations
1424:Woodworking
1092:16 November
911:Stuart King
595:BODGE (tag)
590:Woodworking
585:Woodturning
333:shave horse
300:trestle or
274:wood stock.
218:Shave horse
141: 1910
28:woodturning
22:(full name
3078:Categories
3008:Techniques
2957:Conversion
2887:Wood stain
2815:Treatments
2603:Birdsmouth
2569:Spokeshave
2519:Jack plane
2509:Fore plane
2348:Pipe clamp
2313:Band clamp
2237:Carpenters
2058:Engineered
2008:Rubberwood
1857:Eucalyptus
1661:Calocedrus
1574:Pyrography
1539:Kohlrosing
1262:1567992617
646:References
575:Green wood
525:Daily Mail
452:industry.
376:triangular
279:spokeshave
202:water butt
2797:Parquetry
2792:Oystering
2787:Marquetry
2628:Butterfly
2295:Workbench
2227:Sandpaper
2207:Mitre box
2152:Drawknife
2142:Burnisher
2127:Abrasives
2076:Hardboard
1737:Afromosia
1619:Whittling
1569:Parquetry
1554:Marquetry
1499:Certosina
1494:Carpentry
1484:Cabinetry
1431:Overviews
1114:26 August
638:thatcher.
625:per annum
601:Footnotes
462:Berkshire
441:drawknife
416:methods.
337:drawknife
307:a coarse
302:saw-horse
283:drawknife
248:polelathe
228:Polelathe
112:Etymology
3043:Category
2822:Adhesive
2802:Purfling
2782:Intarsia
2723:Profiles
2648:Dovetail
2587:Geometry
2426:Hand saw
2411:Crosscut
2396:Circular
2391:Chainsaw
2338:Holdfast
2003:Rosewood
1935:American
1930:Mahogany
1902:Jelutong
1872:Hornbeam
1837:Cocobolo
1832:Chestnut
1747:Andiroba
1559:Millwork
1524:Intarsia
1519:Fretwork
1514:Ébéniste
1443:Glossary
1313:and the
1295:17 March
1180:17 March
1069:17 March
1064:75003041
829:. Shire.
733:Archived
714:Archived
559:See also
272:seasoned
240:bodger's
199:, as in
185:Böttcher
98:£1.10s.-
65:Scotland
3063:Commons
2979:Whipsaw
2974:Sawmill
2867:Varnish
2862:Thermal
2837:Lacquer
2772:Binding
2741:Chamfer
2608:Biscuit
2574:Surform
2466:Whipsaw
2436:Keyhole
2421:Fretsaw
2401:Compass
2386:Bucksaw
2376:Bandsaw
2371:Backsaw
2353:Sawbuck
2323:F-clamp
2318:C-clamp
2192:Jointer
2096:Plywood
2048:Zebrano
1988:Ovankol
1953:Meranti
1941:African
1912:Linden
1867:Hickory
1822:Cedrela
1817:Camphor
1812:Bubinga
1807:Boxwood
1787:Bilinga
1772:Avodire
1689:Juniper
1674:Cypress
1549:Luthier
1438:History
1327:YouTube
811:. Yale.
802:. Yale.
570:Artisan
521:'Flook'
495:bodging
493:slang,
458:Windsor
414:factory
403:generic
388:wattled
327:billets
287:billets
256:chisels
238:Common
61:Ireland
53:England
39:History
20:Bodging
2969:Hewing
2708:Splice
2663:Halved
2658:Groove
2653:Finger
2633:Coping
2618:Bridle
2595:Joints
2476:Planes
2461:Veneer
2451:Scroll
2446:Ripsaw
2431:Jigsaw
2406:Coping
2305:Clamps
2232:Square
2222:Shaper
2217:Router
2197:Mallet
2172:Gimlet
2147:Chisel
2043:Willow
2033:Walnut
2023:Totara
2013:Sapele
1978:Poplar
1963:Padauk
1925:Merbau
1897:Jarrah
1882:Imbuia
1877:Idigbo
1842:Cumaru
1827:Cherry
1752:Anigre
1714:Spruce
1667:Cedrus
1534:Khatam
1489:Caning
1452:lumber
1278:, p.54
1259:
1171:
1144:
1062:
978:4 July
937:
783:. MUP.
774:. MUP.
673:
509:kludge
426:estate
384:wicker
380:thatch
368:lashed
360:camped
323:hewing
321:: for
281:-like
268:honing
252:gouges
193:Bødker
189:cooper
174:badger
170:bodger
166:bodges
2847:Paint
2756:Ovolo
2751:Ogive
2736:Bevel
2703:Scarf
2688:Miter
2456:Table
2441:Miter
2416:Frame
2333:Gripe
2249:Speed
2245:Miter
2177:Gauge
2167:Float
2162:Fence
2157:Drill
2115:Tools
2038:Wenge
2028:Utile
1993:Ramin
1948:Maple
1920:Lovoa
1892:Iroko
1862:Hazel
1847:Ebony
1792:Birch
1782:Beech
1777:Balsa
1767:Aspen
1762:Apple
1742:Alder
1699:Kauri
1694:Larch
1656:Cedar
1639:Woods
1614:Treen
565:Chair
514:fudge
446:gross
437:wedge
430:hovel
407:lathe
372:twine
364:woods
319:adzes
209:Tools
178:woods
94:pence
87:gross
2746:Ogee
2731:Bead
2673:Knee
2643:Dado
2623:Butt
2363:Saws
2275:Vise
2212:Rasp
2137:Adze
2018:Teak
1973:Plum
1968:Pear
1729:Hard
1709:Rimu
1704:Pine
1648:Soft
1448:Wood
1297:2014
1257:ISBN
1182:2014
1169:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1116:2012
1094:2023
1071:2014
1060:OCLC
980:2018
935:ISBN
671:ISBN
512:and
317:and
315:axes
277:the
266:for
254:and
246:the
197:butt
159:peck
63:and
2872:Wax
2842:Oil
2678:Lap
2613:Box
2381:Bow
2253:Try
2132:Axe
2086:OSB
2081:MDF
1958:Oak
1887:Ipê
1852:Elm
1757:Ash
1719:Yew
1684:Fir
1253:164
500:DIY
386:or
309:saw
262:or
146:In
47:in
3080::
2251:,
2247:,
2243:,
2239:,
1938:,
1664:,
1324:.
1317::
1255:.
1184:.
1124:^
1044:^
933:.
929:.
909:,
899:^
866:^
856:.
703:^
693:.
653:^
536:.
481:.
460:,
331:a
138:c.
100:)
51:,
2256:)
2234:(
1944:)
1932:(
1670:)
1658:(
1454:)
1450:(
1416:e
1409:t
1402:v
1330:.
1299:.
1265:.
1150:.
1118:.
1096:.
1073:.
982:.
943:.
913:.
697:.
679:.
187:(
96:=
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