2338:
accepting that the evidence indicates that such discrimination does occur, the authors argue that it has been pervasive throughout history and that judgments of aesthetics appear to be a biological adaptation (rather than culturally conditioned) to aid reproduction, survival, and social interaction, allowing people to determine viable mates (level of attractiveness being indicative of health) and the status of others as "friend or enemy, threat or opportunity". The authors also argue that if physical attractiveness can improve a company's success, then awarding people for it is justifiable , as the trait is thus relevant to the job and discrimination only occurs when irrelevant traits are used. In addition, the authors question the practicality of both redressing any injustices based on lookism and of determining whether such injustices have in fact occurred. Thus the authors conclude that there can be no clear model of injustice in such discrimination, nor would legislation to address it be practicable – "We do not see how any policy interventions to redress beauty discrimination can be justified."
2376:
argues that institutional practices, such as military combat in war, have greatly defined what it means to be a man. Furthermore, the symbolic dimension, which includes sports, media, current affairs, etc. has "disseminate a wealth of popular iconography which links
Western masculinities to the wider world beyond the borders of the state". This is where the ideology of lookism is firmly entrenched according to Hooper. Similarly, Laura Shepherd suggests that men are required to fit into the "matrix of intelligibility" by acting a certain way, dressing a certain way, and have a mentality that is devoid of emotion or anything effeminate; if they are successful in becoming the ultimate "man's man" then they are virtually untouchable. However, others have suggested that there is only an explicit interest in the analysis of masculinity within this political sphere, it will be impossible to develop a reliable analysis of femininity within this same sphere.
2383:'s TED talk in 2010, "On Being a Woman and Diplomat", Albright expressed her frustrations with how her male colleagues and media commentators would pick apart her appearance. Being the first female Secretary of State for the United States, Albright was in the spotlight on the domestic and international stage; everything from her age, weight, hairstyle, and choice of dress were scrutinized; yet ironically, the policy positions she believed to be her most important accomplishments (initiation of the G7, attempts to promote gender equality, etc.) were hardly taken into account. The fact that Albright's general appearance did not fit into the narrow category of "attractive" made it even more difficult for her to navigate the space between being a woman and a diplomat. Albright is not the only woman in a position of power, or otherwise, that has been discriminated against because of her appearance. An article published in
2360:, it was often believed that Kennedy's more conventionally handsome appearance contributed to his winning more approval in their first televised debate than Nixon's more unconventionally handsome appearance, but some researchers have challenged this widespread idea and argued that Kennedy's appearance had little or no influence. More broadly, research in countries such as Germany, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom has found that more attractive candidates benefit from their appearance by getting more votes in elections, and by being more often forgiven for scandals. In terms of vote choice, at least, the effect of lookism is not even across all contexts. Rather, it appears to primarily matter in cases where voters have
2395:" when she stepped out in knee-high black-heeled boots during a visit to Wiesbaden Military Base in Germany. Although the article was meant to give credit to Rice for "challeng expectations and assumptions", some argue that the article gave her a hyper-sexualized image, and further removed the audience from focusing on the purpose of her visit to the military place. Similarly, media commentators have often chosen to report on Hillary Clinton's "man suits" and Julia Gillard's short hairstyle, instead of focusing on these women's professional accomplishments.
2252:
ageism (young over old). The idea of beauty is also linked directly to social class because people who have more free time and money have the ability to work on their appearance. Weight is also linked to social class because poorer people who are overweight, in First World countries, do not have the exercise equipment or the healthy food choices that wealthier people do. Judging people on the basis of attractiveness decreases a person's self-esteem leading to a negative self-image.
43:
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121:
2173:... From ancient times until relatively recently, there was widespread worry about lookism, because the appearance of others may deceive, especially in romance, or it may be personally or politically imprudent to judge or act on appearances. Judging by appearances was prohibited by monotheistic religions ("no graven images") and criticized in ancient and medieval philosophies.
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that, overall, those who are physically attractive benefit from their good looks: physically attractive individuals are perceived more positively and physical attractiveness has a strong influence on judgement of a person's competence. Furthermore, research shows that on average, attractive individuals have more friends, better social skills, and more active sex lives.
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and expectations. Important economic considerations include the question of income gaps based on looks, as well as increased or decreased productivity from workers considered beautiful or ugly by their co-workers. Due to this, new problems arise that are tied to other social issues such as racism and
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Studies on newborns have found that human infants as young as 14 hours from birth prefer to look at attractive faces rather than unattractive faces. The preference also extends to non-human animals such as cats. These findings indicate that lookism is an innate product of how the human visual system
2375:
There are several variables that might contribute to the objectification of masculinity and femininity in politics. Scholar
Charlotte Hooper argued that "gender intersects with other social divisions such as class, race and sexuality to produce complex hierarchies of (gendered) identities". Hooper
2337:
discuss when discrimination based on looks can legitimately be described as unjust. Tietje and Cresap quote evidence that suggests there exists "a 7–to–9 percent 'penalty' for being in the lowest 9 percent of looks among all workers and a 5 percent 'premium' for being in the top 33 percent". While
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is associated with positive qualities; in contrast, physical unattractiveness is associated with negative qualities. Many people make judgments of others based on their physical appearance which influence how they respond to these people. Research on the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype shows
2316:
Men show a strong preference for physical attractiveness over intelligence when choosing a mate, as shown in a study conducted over data from a speed dating experiment. In a study with 4,573 adult participants it was shown that physical attractiveness is the most valued quality in women, even when
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the setting of a rigid set of standards of physical beauty that pressures everyone within a particular group to conform to them. Any person who doesn't meet those very specific standards is deemed physically unattractive and sexually undesirable. In a culture in which the physical body is held in
2146:) and typically does not have the legal protections that other forms often have, but it is still widespread and significantly affects people's opportunities in terms of romantic relationships, job opportunities, and other realms of life. The same concept from the opposite angle is sometimes named
2138:, and bases perception of all other qualities, such as intelligence and abilities, on a person’s physical appearance. It occurs in a variety of settings, including dating, social environments, and workplaces. Lookism has received less cultural attention than other forms of discrimination (such as
2348:, argues that human preference for attractiveness is rooted in evolutionary instinct and that trying to prevent it from influencing people would be "telling them to stop enjoying food or sex or novelty or love" and thus argues that "being beautiful and being prized for it is not a social evil."
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Research indicates that more attractive individuals are at greater risk of being a victim of crime due to being involved in more social interaction, increasing their risk of exposure. Greater physical attractiveness can also lead individuals to be at greater risk of sexual abuse, regardless of
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A 2021 study on the effects of the wearing of facemasks in the hospitality industry corroborated existing findings on the correlation between perceived physical attractiveness of frontline workers and customer satisfaction. The study found that the wearing of facemasks by hospitality employees
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writes that "The evidence clearly indicates that not only is there a premium for prettiness in
Western culture, there is also a penalty for plainness." When discrimination on the grounds of a person's appearance turns into fear or conveyed aversion, it is referred to as cacophobia. Sometimes
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found that
American women exhibit a marked preference for dating taller men and that for shorter men to be judged attractive by women, they must earn substantially more money than taller men. Some research has suggested that the "beauty premium" for a job largely depends on whether or not
2399:, former governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential candidate, was the subject of much media attention due to her conventionally attractive appearance, with Palin suggesting that the focus on her appearance ignored her professional and policy accomplishments.
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Magazine in 1978, which asserted that the term was coined by fat people who created the word to refer to "discrimination based on looks." The word appears in several major
English language dictionaries. There is some overlap between the terms
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In the
Antidiscriminatiewet/Loi anti-discrimination (Anti-Discrimination Law) of May 10, 2007, there is a provision that says that one is not allowed to discriminate against people based on their physical or genetical characteristics.
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such high esteem and given such power, body fascism then not only deems those who don't or can't conform to be sexually less desirable, but in the extreme – sometimes dubbed "looksism" – also deems an individual completely worthless
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Stinebrickner, Ralph, Todd
Stinebrickner, and Paul Sullivan. "Beauty, job tasks, and wages: A new conclusion about employer taste-based discrimination." Review of Economics and Statistics 101, no. 4 (2019):
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Karbowski, A., Deja, D., & Zawisza, M. (2016). Perceived female intelligence as economic bad in partner choice. Personality and
Individual Differences, 102, 217–222. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.006
3295:"Ariely found that a 5'4" man would need to make $ 229,000 more than a 6' man to have equal appeal; a 5'6" man would need $ 183,000 more; a 5'10" man would need $ 32,000 more." Lori Gottlieb (2010).
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attractiveness could potentially enhance productivity, such as those jobs which require substantial interpersonal interaction, while jobs that do not demand this see minimal or no beauty premium.
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Lookism has been an issue in politics for centuries, with a long tradition in the United
Kingdom of "mercilessly exaggerat" the physical flaws of politicians in newspaper cartoons. In the
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minimized the effects of their actual attractiveness on reported customer satisfaction, leveling off the playing field between average-looking employees and attractive-looking employees.
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Slater, Alan; von Der
Schulenburg, Charlotte; Brown, Elizabeth; Badenoch, Marion; Butterworth, George; Parsons, Sonia; Samuels, Curtis (1998). "Newborn infants prefer attractive faces".
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In the 1990, the term "lookism" was used by Smith College to warn incoming students of "lookism, a form of oppression, that involves putting too much stock in personal appearance."
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2436:, and a few cities protect against discrimination based on appearance. Otherwise, there is no federal law protecting against discrimination based on physical appearance.
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3077:"Effects of the new COVID-19 normal on customer satisfaction: Can facemasks level off the playing field between average-looking and attractive-looking employees?"
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53:
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3493:"Beauty Contest Revisited: The Effects of Perceived Attractiveness, Competence, and Likability on the Electoral Success of German MPs: BEAUTY CONTEST REVISITED"
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Hosoda, M.; Stone-Romero, E. F.; Coats, G. (2003). "The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes: A meta-analysis of experimental studies".
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Though the term "lookism" is of recent coinage, cultures and traditions worldwide have often warned against placing undue value on physical appearance:
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Orr, Jimmy (2009). In the 2016 presidential race, considerable mention was made of Donald Trump's choice of hairstyle, skin tone, and dress sense.
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In an October 2020 a paper from University of Memphis examined the effects of instructors' attractiveness on student evaluations of their teaching.
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3699:"Physical attractiveness, voter heuristics and electoral systems: The role of candidate attractiveness under different institutional designs"
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Rhodes, Gillian; Simmons, Leigh; Peters, Marianne (2005). "Attractiveness and Sexual Behavior: Does Attractiveness Enhance Mating Success?".
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Hooper, Charlotte (1999). "Masculinities, IR and the 'gender variable': a cost-benefit analysis for (sympathetic) gender sceptics".
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Hooper, Charlotte (1999). "Masculinities, IR and the 'gender variable': a cost-benefit analysis for (sympathetic) gender sceptics".
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Brown, Patricia Leigh. "Viewing Ahab and Barbie Through the Lens of Disability." New York Times (August 20, 2000) as quoted by
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3038:"Customer Orientation of Service Employees and Rapport: Influences On Service-Outcome Variables in Full-Service Restaurants"
2420:" barred people from appearing in public if they had diseases or disfigurements that were considered unsightly. Today, the
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Vancil, David L.; Pendell, Sue D. (1987). "The myth of viewer-listener disagreement in the first Kennedy-Nixon debate".
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where voters may have little other to base their vote on (such as non-partisan elections with little media coverage),
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based solely on his exterior. In this sense it is not unlike racism or sexism or homophobia itself. ... (p. 28)
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Eagly, Alice; Ashmore, Richard; Makhijani, Mona G.; Longo, Laura C. (1991). "What is beautiful is good, but".
3658:"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Do Attractive Politicians Get a 'Break' When They are Involved in Scandals?"
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elections where voters chose a single candidate, and in elections that are candidate-centered within a weak
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4090:"Masculinities, IR and the 'Gender Variable': A Cost-Benefit Analysis for (Sympathetic) Gender Skeptics"
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3564:"Looks That Matter: The Effect of Physical Attractiveness in Low- and High-Information Elections"
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Morrison, Todd Eclectic Views on Gay Male Pornography: Pornucopia, Volume 47, Psychology Press,
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2263:(in a 1997 overview of contemporary trends in the gay male community) described "body fascism" as
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2823:"Buddhism and disability: toward a socially engaged Buddhist 'theology' of bodily inclusiveness"
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3352:"Beauty is in the eye of the offender: Physical attractiveness and adolescent victimization"
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3611:"Looking Good For Election Day: Does Attractiveness Predict Electoral Success in Britain?"
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Jobu Babin, J.; Hussey, Andrew; Nikolsko-Rzhevskyy, Alex; Taylor, David A. (2020-10-01).
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CNBC host praises Palin for 'putting a skirt on': 'I want her laying next to me in bed.'
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3440:"THE KENNEDY-NIXON PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES, 1960 – The Museum of Broadcast Communications"
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Is Lookism Unjust? The History and Ethics of Aesthetics and Public Policy Implications
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Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement
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cacophobia may be internalized and thus directed inwards rather than towards others.
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Baird, Albert Craig; Thonssen, Lester; Braden, Waldo Warder; Peterson, Owen (1942).
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2259:. According to the block quote on page 117 of a 2004 work by Todd Morrison, author
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3993:"Should Businesses Worry About Appearance-Based Discrimination in the Workplace?"
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Enloe, Cynthia. "'Gender' is not enough: the need for a feminist consciousness".
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perspective. In the former context, lookism relates to preconceived notions of
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Etcoff, Nancy. Survival of the prettiest: The science of beauty. Anchor, 2011.
3237:"Preference for attractive faces in human infants extends beyond conspecifics"
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Givhan, Robin (February 25, 2005). "Condoleezza Rice's Commanding Clothes".
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2534: – Plastic surgery provided to prison inmates for social rehabilitation
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2486:
2236:
2127:
1968:
1916:
1617:
1210:
296:
120:
17:
3698:
3563:
3395:
Is Lookism Unjust?: The Ethics of Aesthetics and Public Policy Implications
3270:
3112:
2622:
2193:
elaborated various reasons to avoid or subordinate the role of appearances.
3492:
5919:
5749:
5676:
5327:
5253:
5158:
5118:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4398:
4393:
4338:
4052:
3235:
Quinn, P. C.; Kelly, D. J.; Lee, K.; Pascalis, O.; Slater, A. M. (2008).
2807:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.
2572:
2567:
2481:
2417:
1933:
1755:
1674:
1319:
1245:
1150:
1110:
451:
446:
441:
366:
361:
306:
3179:"Woman sues clinic after it refuses her cosmetic surgery – Taipei Times"
4403:
4307:
4287:
4235:
4071:
3508:
2425:
2256:
371:
267:
247:
197:
5379:
4388:
4292:
4270:
4265:
4215:
3997:
3539:
3350:
Savolainen, Jukka; Brauer, Jonathan R.; Ellonen, Noora (2020-01-01).
2240:
2178:
2143:
2139:
1371:
356:
252:
230:
225:
177:
2885:"Prejudice And Attraction: Is Beauty Really In The Beholder's Eye?"
2416:
was sometimes codified into law. In many jurisdictions, so-called "
2358:
1960 US Presidential race between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon
5389:
4220:
1381:
182:
4139:
4135:
ABC News 20/20 Special "Lookism" by John Stossel, Part 2 (Height)
2827:
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Universities
6001:
5830:
4130:
ABC News 20/20 Special "Lookism" by John Stossel, Part 1 (Looks)
4062:'Gender' Is Not Enough: The Need for a Feminist Consciousness".
2015:
1844:
4143:
4085:, sec. Fashion and Beauty, p. C01. Accessed September 23, 2013.
2673:"'Ugly Ducklings' On How People Treated Them When They Got Hot"
4112:
Sex or Gender? Bodies in World Politics and Why Gender Matters
3962:
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-29736932_ITM
3863:
Sex or Gender? Bodies in World Politics and Why Gender Matters
3442:. The Museum of Broadcast Communications (MBC). Archived from
2197:
The term "lookism" grew in popularity in the 1970s within the
36:
52:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
3013:"Lookism: beauty still trumps brains in too many workplaces"
4125:"The Ugly Truth About Beauty" – ABC News article on lookism
3703:
The British Journal of Politics and International Relations
3615:
The British Journal of Politics and International Relations
3337:"2. Americans see different expectations for men and women"
2858:"AS PC TAKES HOLD, THE LIST OF 'ISMS' GROWS LONG AND SILLY"
2169:
To judge by appearances is to get entangled in the Veil of
3011:
Warhurst, Christopher; Nickson, Dennis (16 October 2020).
2791:
3746:"The limits of the attractiveness premium in elections"
61:
2317:
considered outside of the context of mate selection.
2231:
Lookism has received scholarly attention both from a
3744:
Wigginton, Michael; Stockemer, Daniel (2021-04-01).
3297:
Marry Him: The Case for Settling for Mr. Good Enough
3138:"The Way We Live Now: 8-27-00: On Language; Lookism"
5813:
5690:
5483:
5094:
4724:
4561:
4321:
4208:
4177:
2917:Eclectic Views on Gay Male Pornography: Pornucopia
2134:toward people who are considered to be physically
5965:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
3942:Sarah Palin Newsweek cover sexist? Palin says yes
3697:Stockemer, Daniel; Praino, Rodrigo (2017-05-01).
3656:Stockemer, Daniel; Praino, Rodrigo (2019-09-01).
3562:Lev-On, Azi; Waismel-Manor, Israel (2016-12-01).
3158:The Plainness Penalty: Lookism in Western Culture
2255:Some writers have examined this phenomenon among
1979:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
5625:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
3491:Jäckle, Sebastian; Metz, Thomas (August 2017).
3081:International Journal of Hospitality Management
1623:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
27:Discrimination based on physical attractiveness
5107:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
1099:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
4155:
3609:Milazzo, Caitlin; Mattes, Kyle (2015-06-01).
3042:Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
2104:
50:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3075:Wu, G.; Liang, L.; Gursoy, D. (2021-08-01).
5323:List of people killed for being transgender
1315:List of people killed for being transgender
4162:
4148:
4140:
3197:Babies prefer to gaze upon beautiful faces
2111:
2097:
99:
3673:
3429:10 January 2012; accessed 19 October 2013
3393:Louis Tietje and Steven Cresap. (2005). "
3367:
3260:
3102:
3092:
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
4419:Social determinants of health in poverty
2750:Louis Tietje and Steven Cresap (2005). "
387:Social determinants of health in poverty
4079:"Condoleezza Rice's Commanding Clothes"
2758:, Vol. 19 No. 2, Spring 2005, pp. 31–50
2614:
2422:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
111:
3389:
3387:
2817:
2815:
4047:Albright, Madeleine (December 2010).
3991:Gomez, Evangeline (31 January 2012).
3908:
3906:
3557:
3555:
2329:In the article "Is Lookism Unjust?",
7:
6120:Prejudice and discrimination by type
6089:
5129:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4424:Social determinants of mental health
3283:American Psychological Association,
1121:Capital punishment for homosexuality
392:Social determinants of mental health
5249:Genital modification and mutilation
4077:Givhan, Robin (February 25, 2005).
2387:in 2005 labeled Secretary of State
1241:Genital modification and mutilation
2738:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.014
2659:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00157.x
2602:Liking What You See: A Documentary
2527:Physical attractiveness stereotype
25:
4049:"On Being a Woman and a Diplomat"
3893:"On Being a Woman and a Diplomat"
3423:Can you be too ugly for politics?
2966:"Beauty Premiums Among Academics"
6088:
6079:
6078:
5728:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
5565:Law for Protection of the Nation
5465:White genocide conspiracy theory
3861:Shepherd, Laura J. (2010). "1".
3285:Pretty faces: Easy on the brain?
3253:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00647.x
2982:10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102019
2842:Representative American Speeches
2455:
2412:Until the 1970s, lookism in the
1734:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1563:Law for Protection of the Nation
1457:White genocide conspiracy theory
119:
41:
5570:MSM blood donation restrictions
5318:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
4099:. Volume 25, Issue 3: 475–491.
4097:Review of International Studies
4088:Hooper, Charlotte (July 1999).
4058:Enloe, Cynthia (January 2004).
3828:Review of International Studies
3793:Review of International Studies
3762:10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102274
3210:Infant Behavior and Development
2434:Americans with Disabilities Act
2247:based on appearance as well as
1568:MSM blood donation restrictions
1310:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
5583:(as religious or racial quota)
3400:Journal of Libertarian Studies
3369:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101652
3036:Kim, W.; Ok, C. (2010-01-13).
2756:Journal of Libertarian Studies
2294:Massachusetts General Hospital
1581:(as religious or racial quota)
1:
5997:Second-generation gender bias
5713:Constitutional colorblindness
4414:Social determinants of health
3568:American Behavioral Scientist
3466:Central States Speech Journal
3222:10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90011-X
2970:Economics of Education Review
2011:Second-generation gender bias
1719:Constitutional colorblindness
382:Social determinants of health
2883:Grollman, Dr. Eric Anthony.
2726:Evolution and Human Behavior
2563:Stigma (sociological theory)
5908:Medical model of disability
5760:Hate speech laws by country
4110:Shepherd, Laura J. (2010).
3522:Efrain, Michael G. (1974).
3356:Journal of Criminal Justice
2711:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109
1922:Medical model of disability
1766:Hate speech laws by country
64:, discuss the issue on the
6166:
6017:Social model of disability
4469:Discrimination against men
3951:, accessed 19 October 2013
3931:, accessed 19 October 2013
3421:Jones, Johnathan (2012). "
3094:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102996
2920:. Routledge. p. 117.
2829:(JIABU) 9.1 (2017): 26–35.
2578:Women-are-wonderful effect
2031:Social model of disability
437:Discrimination against men
29:
6074:
5370:Opposition to immigration
4271:Race / Ethnicity
4105:10.1017/S0260210599004751
4066:: Vol. 80, No. 1: 95–97.
4024:www.ejustice.just.fgov.be
3840:10.1017/s0260210599004751
3805:10.1017/s0260210599004751
3675:10.1007/s11109-018-9469-1
3478:10.1080/10510978709368226
2856:Beck, Joan (1991-06-03).
2517:Human physical appearance
2362:low-information elections
2346:Survival of the Prettiest
1362:Opposition to immigration
231:Race / Ethnicity
6135:Linguistic controversies
5365:Occupational segregation
5134:Compulsory sterilization
3715:10.1177/1369148116687533
3580:10.1177/0002764216676249
3054:10.1177/1096348009344234
1357:Occupational segregation
1126:Compulsory sterilization
5893:Internalized oppression
5755:Fighting Discrimination
5745:Fat acceptance movement
5703:Anti-discrimination law
5343:Native American mascots
4093:(subscription required)
3978:www.accessmylibrary.com
3627:10.1111/1467-856x.12074
3143:New York Times Magazine
2914:Morrison, Todd (2004).
2773:Oxford University Press
2507:Fat acceptance movement
2472:Attributional ambiguity
2199:fat acceptance movement
2154:Physical attractiveness
1907:Internalized oppression
1761:Fighting Discrimination
1751:Fat acceptance movement
1709:Anti-discrimination law
1335:Native American mascots
6012:Social identity threat
5985:Reverse discrimination
5975:Racial color blindness
5455:Violence against women
5435:Sex-selective abortion
4114:. New York: Routledge.
3865:. New York: Routledge.
2845:. H.W. Wilson Company.
2699:Psychological Bulletin
2548:Sexual objectification
2532:Prison plastic surgery
2379:Drawing examples from
2274:
2261:Michelangelo Signorile
2195:
2026:Social identity threat
1999:Reverse discrimination
1989:Racial color blindness
1447:Violence against women
1427:Sex-selective abortion
6130:Political terminology
5980:Religious intolerance
5940:Political correctness
5770:Intersex human rights
5718:Cultural assimilation
5400:Religious persecution
5164:Disability hate crime
4939:Jewish / Antisemitism
4064:International Affairs
3891:Albright, Madeleine.
3878:International Affairs
3497:Politics & Policy
3241:Developmental Science
2627:, The Free Dictionary
2265:
2167:
1994:Religious intolerance
1954:Political correctness
1776:Intersex human rights
1724:Cultural assimilation
1392:Religious persecution
1156:Disability hate crime
923:Jewish / Antisemitism
30:For the webtoon, see
5385:Political repression
4374:Anti-left handedness
4364:Anti-intellectualism
3974:"AML - support.gale"
2895:on 15 September 2018
2647:Personnel Psychology
2292:, a psychologist at
1377:Political repression
342:Anti-left handedness
332:Anti-intellectualism
70:create a new article
62:improve this article
5888:Historical eugenics
5425:Segregation academy
5405:Religious terrorism
5194:Enemy of the people
5102:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
4606:Jehovah's Witnesses
4494:Perpetual foreigner
4083:The Washington Post
3927:Frick, Ali (2008).
3915:The Washington Post
3183:www.taipeitimes.com
2889:Kinsey Confidential
2385:The Washington Post
2366:first-past-the-post
2204:The Washington Post
1902:Historical eugenics
1417:Segregation academy
1397:Religious terrorism
1186:Enemy of the people
1094:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
582:Jehovah's Witnesses
462:Perpetual foreigner
5800:Social integration
5795:Self-determination
5785:Racial integration
5733:Diversity training
5723:Cultural pluralism
5698:Affirmative action
5598:Racial segregation
5508:Crime of apartheid
5410:Religious violence
4903:Indigenous people
4298:Sexual orientation
3947:2020-02-08 at the
3662:Political Behavior
3509:10.1111/polp.12209
3339:. 5 December 2017.
3185:. 28 October 2014.
3165:2011-07-07 at the
3146:, August 27, 2000.
2801:2008-12-05 at the
2769:20th Century Words
2590:Black dog syndrome
2424:considers extreme
2381:Madeleine Albright
1806:Social integration
1801:Self-determination
1791:Racial integration
1739:Diversity training
1729:Cultural pluralism
1704:Affirmative action
1596:Racial segregation
1506:Crime of apartheid
1402:Religious violence
887:Indigenous people
258:Sexual orientation
6145:Sexual attraction
6140:Postmodern theory
6102:
6101:
5970:Racism by country
5898:Intersectionality
5883:Heteronormativity
5682:Voter suppression
5430:Sexual harassment
5229:Forced conversion
5149:Cultural genocide
4802:African Americans
4616:post–Cold War era
4601:Eastern Orthodoxy
4359:Anti-drug addicts
4354:Anti-homelessness
4281:Scientific racism
3750:Electoral Studies
3574:(14): 1756–1771.
2781:978-0-19-860230-9
2679:. 7 December 2017
2432:protected by the
2352:Political lookism
2284:Empirical support
2201:. It was used in
2121:
2120:
1984:Racism by country
1912:Intersectionality
1897:Heteronormativity
1680:Voter suppression
1422:Sexual harassment
1221:Forced conversion
1141:Cultural genocide
786:African Americans
592:post–Cold War era
577:Eastern Orthodoxy
327:Anti-drug addicts
322:Anti-homelessness
241:Scientific racism
98:
97:
90:
72:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
6157:
6150:1970s neologisms
6115:Human appearance
6092:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6022:Social privilege
6007:Social exclusion
5935:Police brutality
5856:Multiculturalism
5826:Amatonormativity
5657:Social exclusion
5493:Age of candidacy
5293:Homeless dumping
5199:Ethnic cleansing
4164:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4094:
4061:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3938:
3932:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3677:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3540:10.1037/h0081881
3519:
3513:
3512:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3155:Angela Stalcup.
3153:
3147:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3106:
3096:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3017:The Conversation
3008:
3002:
3001:
2961:
2955:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2891:. Archived from
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2819:
2810:
2789:
2783:
2765:
2759:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2619:
2553:Sexual selection
2465:
2460:
2459:
2389:Condoleezza Rice
2233:cultural studies
2148:pretty privilege
2113:
2106:
2099:
2036:Social privilege
2021:Social exclusion
1949:Police brutality
1870:Multiculturalism
1840:Amatonormativity
1655:Social exclusion
1491:Age of candidacy
1285:Homeless dumping
1191:Ethnic cleansing
123:
100:
93:
86:
82:
79:
73:
45:
44:
37:
32:Lookism (manhwa)
21:
6165:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6070:
5945:Polyculturalism
5841:Civil liberties
5809:
5790:Reappropriation
5691:Countermeasures
5686:
5615:Racial steering
5581:Numerus clausus
5485:
5479:
5204:Ethnic conflict
5139:Corrective rape
5090:
4720:
4675:minority Muslim
4557:
4449:HIV/AIDS stigma
4317:
4266:Mental disorder
4204:
4173:
4168:
4121:
4092:
4059:
4044:
4042:Further reading
4039:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3949:Wayback Machine
3939:
3935:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3392:
3385:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3195:New Scientist,
3194:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3167:Wayback Machine
3154:
3150:
3132:
3128:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2863:Chicago Tribune
2855:
2854:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2820:
2813:
2803:Wayback Machine
2790:
2786:
2766:
2762:
2749:
2745:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2586:
2461:
2454:
2451:
2442:
2410:
2405:
2354:
2327:
2286:
2229:
2163:
2117:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
1959:Polyculturalism
1855:Civil liberties
1827:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1796:Reappropriation
1696:
1695:Countermeasures
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1613:Racial steering
1579:Numerus clausus
1483:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1196:Ethnic conflict
1131:Corrective rape
1086:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
711:
700:
699:
698:
697:
696:
651:minority Muslim
539:
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
417:HIV/AIDS stigma
289:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
226:Mental disorder
170:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
131:
94:
83:
77:
74:
59:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6163:
6161:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6086:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5990:Reverse racism
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5960:Prisoner abuse
5957:
5952:
5950:Power distance
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5868:Ethnic penalty
5865:
5864:
5863:
5861:Neurodiversity
5858:
5848:
5846:Dehumanization
5843:
5838:
5836:Cisnormativity
5833:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5814:Related topics
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:State religion
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5608:Nuremberg Laws
5605:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Ghetto benches
5547:
5545:Gerrymandering
5542:
5537:
5532:
5530:Gender pay gap
5527:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5484:Discriminatory
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5313:Lavender scare
5310:
5308:Kill Haole Day
5305:
5303:Indian rolling
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Eliminationism
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:Cancel culture
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5098:
5096:
5095:Manifestations
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4981:Middle Eastern
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4716:Zoroastrianism
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4638:Untouchability
4635:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4459:Leprosy stigma
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4171:Discrimination
4169:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4120:
4119:External links
4117:
4116:
4115:
4108:
4086:
4075:
4056:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4011:
3983:
3965:
3953:
3933:
3920:
3902:
3883:
3868:
3853:
3834:(3): 475–580.
3818:
3799:(3): 475–480.
3783:
3736:
3709:(2): 336–352.
3689:
3668:(3): 747–767.
3648:
3601:
3551:
3534:(4): 352–356.
3514:
3503:(4): 495–534.
3483:
3456:
3431:
3414:
3405:
3403:19 (2): 31–50.
3383:
3342:
3328:
3319:
3309:
3288:
3276:
3227:
3216:(2): 345–354.
3200:
3188:
3170:
3148:
3134:William Safire
3126:
3067:
3028:
3003:
2956:
2940:
2926:
2906:
2875:
2848:
2831:
2821:Scherer, Bee.
2811:
2784:
2760:
2743:
2732:(2): 186–201.
2716:
2689:
2664:
2653:(2): 431–462.
2637:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Sexual capital
2535:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Egalitarianism
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Body privilege
2474:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:Society portal
2450:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2353:
2350:
2326:
2323:
2298:Angela Stalcup
2285:
2282:
2228:
2225:
2162:
2159:
2132:discrimination
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:Reverse racism
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Prisoner abuse
1971:
1966:
1964:Power distance
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Ethnic penalty
1879:
1878:
1877:
1875:Neurodiversity
1872:
1862:
1860:Dehumanization
1857:
1852:
1850:Cisnormativity
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1826:Related topics
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:State religion
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:Nuremberg Laws
1603:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Ghetto benches
1545:
1543:Gerrymandering
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Gender pay gap
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1305:Lavender scare
1302:
1300:Kill Haole Day
1297:
1295:Indian rolling
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:Eliminationism
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1116:Cancel culture
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:Manifestations
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Middle Eastern
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
931:
930:
920:
915:
910:
905:
904:
903:
898:
893:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
778:
773:
768:
767:
766:
761:
756:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
715:
714:
713:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
695:
694:
692:Zoroastrianism
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
668:
667:
657:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
618:
617:
616:
614:Untouchability
611:
601:
596:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
564:
559:
554:
549:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
534:
531:
530:
524:
523:
518:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
491:
490:
489:
484:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
427:Leprosy stigma
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
244:
243:
238:
228:
223:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
174:
173:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
157:
156:
151:
146:
141:
135:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
116:
115:
113:Discrimination
109:
108:
96:
95:
56:of the subject
54:worldwide view
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6162:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6095:
6087:
6085:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Social stigma
6042:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5667:State atheism
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:Jim Crow laws
5601:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:One-drop rule
5586:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Blood quantum
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Victimisation
5448:
5446:
5445:Trans bashing
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5415:Religious war
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:Racialization
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:Glass ceiling
5264:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:Ethnic hatred
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:Counter-jihad
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4917:United States
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4780:United States
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4701:Protestantism
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:LDS or Mormon
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:Transmisogyny
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
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4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Gerontophobia
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
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4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4369:Anti-intersex
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Anti-albinism
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
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4301:
4299:
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4234:
4232:
4229:
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4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Institutional
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4142:
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4133:
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4128:
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4015:
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3999:
3994:
3987:
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3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
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3552:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3524:"APA PsycNet"
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3446:on 2010-08-21
3445:
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3320:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:9781101185209
3302:
3298:
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3280:
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3258:
3254:
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3018:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2953:9781560232919
2950:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2927:9781317972297
2923:
2919:
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2910:
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2894:
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2693:
2690:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2631:September 30,
2626:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Social stigma
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:Implicit bias
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
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2427:
2423:
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2414:United States
2408:United States
2407:
2402:
2400:
2398:
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2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:Steven Cresap
2332:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:According to
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:and cultural
2242:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:and lookism.
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Social stigma
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:State atheism
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Jim Crow laws
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:One-drop rule
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Blood quantum
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Victimisation
1440:
1438:
1437:Trans bashing
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Religious war
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Racialization
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Glass ceiling
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Ethnic hatred
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Counter-jihad
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
925:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
902:
901:United States
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
765:
764:United States
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
710:
704:
703:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:Protestantism
675:
673:
670:
666:
663:
662:
661:
658:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
600:
597:
593:
590:
588:
587:LDS or Mormon
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
538:
533:
532:
522:
519:
517:
514:
510:
507:
505:
504:Transmisogyny
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Gerontophobia
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
337:Anti-intersex
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Anti-albinism
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
285:
284:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
227:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
166:
165:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Institutional
137:
136:
127:
126:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:
92:
89:
81:
78:December 2012
71:
67:
63:
57:
55:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5878:Gender-blind
5765:Human rights
5593:Racial quota
5580:
5560:Jewish quota
5540:Gerontocracy
5535:Gender roles
5513:Disabilities
5498:Blood purity
5470:Wife selling
5460:White flight
5440:Slut-shaming
5420:Scapegoating
5338:Murder music
5001:Palestinians
4944:Anti-Zionism
4812:South Africa
4797:Black people
4775:South Africa
4591:Christianity
4581:Baháʼí Faith
4504:Sectarianism
4444:Heterosexism
4409:Ephebiphobia
4379:Anti-Masonry
4260:
4246:Hair texture
4111:
4096:
4082:
4063:
4027:. Retrieved
4023:
4014:
4002:. Retrieved
3996:
3986:
3977:
3968:
3956:
3936:
3923:
3914:
3896:
3886:
3877:
3871:
3862:
3856:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3571:
3567:
3543:. Retrieved
3531:
3527:
3517:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3448:. Retrieved
3444:the original
3434:
3427:The Guardian
3426:
3417:
3408:
3398:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3331:
3322:
3312:
3296:
3291:
3279:
3247:(1): 76–83.
3244:
3240:
3230:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3157:
3151:
3141:
3129:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3020:. Retrieved
3016:
3006:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2916:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:the original
2888:
2878:
2867:. Retrieved
2861:
2851:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2806:
2792:Bartleby.com
2787:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2746:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:www.vice.com
2676:
2667:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2629:, retrieved
2623:
2617:
2543:Sexual field
2497:Elephant man
2443:
2411:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2370:party system
2355:
2345:
2344:, author of
2342:Nancy Etcoff
2340:
2331:Louis Tietje
2328:
2319:
2315:
2308:Research by
2307:
2303:
2290:Nancy Etcoff
2287:
2278:
2275:
2270:as a person,
2269:
2266:
2254:
2249:gender roles
2245:stereotyping
2230:
2222:
2214:teratophobia
2202:
2196:
2168:
2164:
2152:
2136:unattractive
2123:
2122:
1892:Gender-blind
1771:Human rights
1591:Racial quota
1578:
1558:Jewish quota
1538:Gerontocracy
1533:Gender roles
1511:Disabilities
1496:Blood purity
1462:Wife selling
1452:White flight
1432:Slut-shaming
1412:Scapegoating
1330:Murder music
985:Palestinians
928:Anti-Zionism
796:South Africa
781:Black people
759:South Africa
567:Christianity
557:Baháʼí Faith
472:Sectarianism
412:Heterosexism
377:Ephebiphobia
347:Anti-Masonry
208:Hair texture
84:
75:
51:
18:Body fascism
5780:Nonviolence
5775:LGBT rights
5740:Empowerment
5708:Anti-racism
5630:Segregation
5575:No kid zone
5375:Persecution
5288:Hate speech
5239:Gay bashing
5214:Ethnic joke
5169:Dog whistle
5114:Blood libel
4792:Azerbaijani
4696:Neopaganism
4689:Persecution
4650:Persecution
4633:Persecution
4596:Catholicism
4576:Exclusivism
4526:Transphobia
4509:Supremacism
4464:Lesbophobia
4384:Aporophobia
4349:Anti-autism
4200:Taste-based
4195:Statistical
4029:15 November
4020:"LOI - WET"
4004:27 February
3899:. TEDwomen.
3621:: 161–178.
3299:. Penguin,
2767:John Ayto,
2705:: 109–128.
2512:Halo effect
2397:Sarah Palin
2305:functions.
2191:Scholastics
1786:Nonviolence
1781:LGBT rights
1746:Empowerment
1714:Anti-racism
1628:Segregation
1573:No kid zone
1367:Persecution
1280:Hate speech
1231:Gay bashing
1206:Ethnic joke
1161:Dog whistle
1106:Blood libel
776:Azerbaijani
672:Neopaganism
665:Persecution
626:Persecution
609:Persecution
572:Catholicism
552:Exclusivism
494:Transphobia
477:Supremacism
432:Lesbophobia
352:Aporophobia
317:Anti-autism
154:Taste-based
149:Statistical
6109:Categories
6054:Stereotype
6049:Speciesism
5930:Oppression
5925:Oikophobia
5821:Allophilia
5805:Toleration
5662:Sodomy law
5555:Internment
5475:Witch-hunt
5353:Blackhawks
5283:Hate group
5271:Hate crime
5244:Gendercide
5234:Freak show
5224:Excellence
5184:Employment
5154:Defamation
5081:Vietnamese
5076:Venezuelan
4961:Lithuanian
4623:Falun Gong
4553:Xenophobia
4548:Vegaphobia
4531:Non-binary
4489:Pedophobia
4454:Homophobia
4276:Skin color
4236:Disability
4209:Attributes
4190:Structural
3756:: 102274.
3545:2021-01-05
3450:2010-10-08
3362:: 101652.
3087:: 102996.
3022:2020-10-19
2976:: 102019.
2899:26 October
2869:2020-08-25
2771:, Oxford:
2683:2022-10-09
2609:References
2430:disability
2393:dominatrix
2310:Dan Ariely
2218:cacophobia
2187:Epicureans
2161:Lexicology
2068:Stereotype
2063:Speciesism
1944:Oppression
1939:Oikophobia
1835:Allophilia
1811:Toleration
1660:Sodomy law
1553:Internment
1467:Witch-hunt
1345:Blackhawks
1275:Hate group
1263:Hate crime
1236:Gendercide
1226:Freak show
1216:Excellence
1176:Employment
1146:Defamation
1065:Vietnamese
1060:Venezuelan
945:Lithuanian
599:Falun Gong
521:Xenophobia
516:Vegaphobia
499:Non-binary
457:Pedophobia
422:Homophobia
236:Skin color
198:Disability
169:Attributes
144:Structural
6027:Christian
5955:Prejudice
5903:Masculism
5851:Diversity
5645:religious
5620:Redlining
5219:Ethnocide
5179:Education
5066:Ukrainian
4996:Pakistani
4986:Mongolian
4907:Australia
4889:Hungarian
4844:Colombian
4824:Bulgarian
4706:Rastafari
4655:Ahmadiyya
4563:Religious
4541:Trans men
4499:Pregnancy
4434:Gayphobia
4429:Fatphobia
4334:Acephobia
4329:Arophobia
4313:Viewpoint
3848:145630038
3813:145630038
3778:233073202
3770:0261-3794
3731:157389662
3723:1369-1481
3684:1573-6687
3643:145138419
3635:1467-856X
3596:151694489
3588:0002-7642
3472:: 16–27.
3378:0047-2352
3121:236244843
3062:154408619
3048:: 34–55.
2998:224846380
2990:0272-7757
2933:April 30,
2492:Heightism
2487:Texturism
2418:ugly laws
2237:economics
2210:fatphobia
2128:prejudice
2041:Christian
1969:Prejudice
1917:Masculism
1865:Diversity
1643:religious
1618:Redlining
1211:Ethnocide
1171:Education
1050:Ukrainian
980:Pakistani
970:Mongolian
891:Australia
873:Hungarian
828:Colombian
808:Bulgarian
682:Rastafari
631:Ahmadiyya
537:Religious
509:Trans men
467:Pregnancy
402:Gayphobia
397:Fatphobia
302:Acephobia
297:Arophobia
273:Viewpoint
66:talk page
6125:Ugliness
6084:Category
6066:The talk
6002:Snobbery
5920:Net bias
5750:Feminism
5677:Ugly law
5518:Catholic
5486:policies
5333:Mortgage
5328:Lynching
5259:examples
5254:Genocide
5174:Economic
5159:Democide
5119:Bullying
5031:Scottish
5026:Romanian
4991:Nigerian
4934:Japanese
4869:Georgian
4854:Filipino
4787:Assyrian
4760:Armenian
4750:American
4745:Albanian
4727:National
4711:Yazidism
4628:Hinduism
4586:Buddhism
4484:Nepotism
4479:Misogyny
4474:Misandry
4399:Clannism
4394:Biphobia
4339:Adultism
4256:Language
4053:TEDWomen
3945:Archived
3897:TED Talk
3317:602-615.
3271:18171370
3163:Archived
3113:36540069
2799:Archived
2775:, 1999.
2573:Ugly law
2568:Ugliness
2482:Colorism
2449:See also
2428:to be a
2321:gender.
2175:Skeptics
2080:The talk
2016:Snobbery
1934:Net bias
1756:Feminism
1675:Ugly law
1516:Catholic
1482:Policies
1325:Mortgage
1320:Lynching
1251:examples
1246:Genocide
1166:Economic
1151:Democide
1111:Bullying
1015:Scottish
1010:Romanian
975:Nigerian
918:Japanese
853:Georgian
838:Filipino
771:Assyrian
744:Armenian
734:American
729:Albanian
709:national
687:Yazidism
604:Hinduism
562:Buddhism
452:Nepotism
447:Misogyny
442:Misandry
367:Clannism
362:Biphobia
307:Adultism
218:Language
105:a series
103:Part of
60:You may
6094:Commons
5873:Figleaf
5298:Housing
5061:Turkish
5006:Pashtun
4976:Mexican
4956:Kurdish
4929:Italian
4879:Haitian
4864:Finnish
4839:Chinese
4834:Chechen
4829:Catalan
4819:Bengali
4740:African
4725:Ethnic/
4684:Judaism
4670:Sunnism
4660:Shi'ism
4571:Atheism
4404:Elitism
4303:Species
4241:Genetic
4231:Dialect
4072:3569298
3262:2566458
3104:9756379
2796:Lookism
2624:Lookism
2596:Fiction
2584:Animals
2440:Belgium
2426:obesity
2257:gay men
2235:and an
2227:Studies
2124:Lookism
1887:Figleaf
1290:Housing
1045:Turkish
990:Pashtun
960:Mexican
940:Kurdish
913:Italian
863:Haitian
848:Finnish
823:Chinese
818:Chechen
813:Catalan
803:Bengali
724:African
707:Ethnic/
660:Judaism
646:Sunnism
636:Shi'ism
547:Atheism
372:Elitism
263:Species
203:Genetic
193:Dialect
6059:threat
5913:autism
5650:sexual
5640:racial
5523:Jewish
5380:Pogrom
5358:Chiefs
5348:Braves
5071:Uyghur
5046:Somali
5041:Slavic
5021:Romani
5016:Quebec
5011:Polish
4951:Korean
4912:Canada
4899:Indian
4884:Hazara
4859:Fulani
4770:France
4735:Afghan
4665:Sufism
4389:Audism
4322:Social
4251:Height
4070:
3998:Forbes
3846:
3811:
3776:
3768:
3729:
3721:
3682:
3641:
3633:
3594:
3586:
3376:
3307:p. 239
3303:
3269:
3259:
3119:
3111:
3101:
3060:
2996:
2988:
2951:
2924:
2779:
2391:as a "
2325:Ethics
2241:beauty
2183:Cynics
2179:Stoics
2144:sexism
2140:racism
2073:threat
1927:autism
1648:sexual
1638:racial
1521:Jewish
1372:Pogrom
1350:Chiefs
1340:Braves
1055:Uyghur
1030:Somali
1025:Slavic
1005:Romani
1000:Quebec
995:Polish
935:Korean
896:Canada
883:Indian
868:Hazara
843:Fulani
754:France
719:Afghan
641:Sufism
357:Audism
288:Social
213:Height
6037:white
5390:Purge
5086:Welsh
5051:Tatar
4971:Māori
4966:Malay
4924:Irish
4874:Greek
4849:Croat
4807:China
4765:Asian
4645:Islam
4514:White
4261:Looks
4226:Class
4221:Caste
4178:Forms
4068:JSTOR
4055:2010.
3880:: 97.
3844:S2CID
3809:S2CID
3774:S2CID
3727:S2CID
3639:S2CID
3592:S2CID
3117:S2CID
3058:S2CID
2994:S2CID
2809:2000.
2051:white
1382:Purge
1070:Welsh
1035:Tatar
955:Māori
950:Malay
908:Irish
858:Greek
833:Croat
791:China
749:Asian
621:Islam
482:White
222:Looks
188:Class
183:Caste
130:Forms
68:, or
6032:male
5831:Bias
5276:LGBT
5056:Thai
5036:Serb
4894:Igbo
4755:Arab
4519:Male
4308:Size
4288:Rank
4031:2020
4006:2013
3766:ISSN
3719:ISSN
3680:ISSN
3631:ISSN
3584:ISSN
3374:ISSN
3301:ISBN
3267:PMID
3109:PMID
2986:ISSN
2949:ISBN
2935:2017
2922:ISBN
2901:2015
2777:ISBN
2633:2015
2333:and
2189:and
2171:Maya
2142:and
2046:male
1845:Bias
1268:LGBT
1040:Thai
1020:Serb
878:Igbo
739:Arab
487:Male
268:Size
248:Rank
5635:age
4293:Sex
4216:Age
4101:doi
3836:doi
3801:doi
3758:doi
3711:doi
3670:doi
3623:doi
3576:doi
3536:doi
3505:doi
3474:doi
3425:",
3397:".
3364:doi
3257:PMC
3249:doi
3218:doi
3099:PMC
3089:doi
3050:doi
2978:doi
2805:".
2794:— "
2754:."
2734:doi
2707:doi
2703:110
2655:doi
2403:Law
2130:or
2126:is
1633:age
253:Sex
178:Age
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