310:
492:
39:
564:
711:
20:
2103:
1460:
2091:
2055:
184:
2065:
2045:
680:
31:
2115:
125:
165:
By the 20th century, bookbinding materials had developed a high resistance against damage by various types of book-boring insects. Many museums and archives in possession of materials vulnerable to booklouse damage employ pest control methods to manage existing infestations and make use of climate
154:
and other organic matter found in or on aging items that have been stored in places that lack the climate control necessary to inhibit organic growth. Areas of archives, libraries, and museums that are cool, damp, dark, and generally undisturbed are common sites for such growth, generating a food
102:
True book-borers are uncommon. The primary food sources for many "bookworms" are the leather or cloth bindings of a book, the glue used in the binding process, or molds and fungi that grow on or inside books. When the pages themselves are attacked, a gradual encroachment across the surface of one
740:
can be used to protect books from these insects, but they are often made with harsh chemicals that make them an unattractive option. Museums and universities that want to keep their archives bookworm free without using pesticides often turn towards temperature control. Books can be stored at low
179:
Of the quarter million species of beetles, some adults damage books by eating paper and binding materials themselves. However, their larvae do the most damage. Typically eggs are laid on the book's edges and spine. Upon hatching, they bore into, and sometimes even through, the book.
475:
Termites are the most devastating type of book-eating pest. They will eat almost every part of a book including paper, cloth, and cardboard, not to mention the damage that can be done to shelves. Termites can make entire collections unusable before the infestation is even noticed.
1966:
741:
temperatures that keep eggs from hatching, or placed in a deep-freezer to kill larvae and adults. The idea was taken from commercial food storage practices, as they are often dealing with the same pests.
1326:"Study on integrated pest management for libraries and archives" – prepared by Thomas A Parker for the General Information Programme and UNISIST (Paris: Unesco, 1988)
788:, referring to someone who would rather read than participate in the world around them. Over the years its meaning has drifted in a more positive direction.
1236:
Nicole C. Karafyllis, Jörg
Overmann, Ulrich Johannes Schneider, Christoph Mackert (eds.): The contaminated library: microbes in book culture. Leipzig 2023,
309:
1425:
80:. Some such larvae exhibit a superficial resemblance to worms and are the likely inspiration for the term, though they are not true worms. In other cases,
1095:
1352:
1309:"John Francis Xavier O'Conor, Facts about bookworms: their history in literature and work in libraries (New York: Francis P. Harper, 1898.)
538:
will, in addition to attacking clothes and fabrics, also feed on bookbindings, decaying organic material (which includes paper), and mold.
2013:
1198:
1119:
Parker, Thomas A (1988). Study on integrated pest management for libraries and archives, General
Information Programme and UNISIST,
1237:
1212:
1827:
1281:
1493:
1934:
1249:
1345:
619:
Book-damaging cockroach species chew away at the starch in cloth bindings and paper. Their droppings can also harm books.
608:
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1837:
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341:
199:
1136:
491:
400:
1707:
1548:
524:
362:
1044:
2145:
1993:
1924:
1619:
998:
994:
759:
Bookworms were one of the threats to book preservation identified by 19th
Century collector and printer
518:
444:
279:
227:
217:
92:
will first infest wooden bookshelves and later feed on books placed upon the shelves, attracted by the
943:
38:
1724:
1580:
1415:
1308:
765:
659:
654:
559:
381:
346:
103:
page or a small number of pages is typical, rather than the boring of holes through the entire book.
1067:
769:. How to protect papyrus, paper (and later parchment) collections from bugs is a topic that already
563:
1565:
1486:
907:
747:
727:
710:
512:
480:
374:
368:
356:
146:
2064:
155:
source which subsequently attracts booklice. Booklice will also attack bindings, glue, and paper.
19:
2030:
1939:
1394:
649:
644:
485:
430:
336:
331:
42:
A bookworm / beetle grub found inside a paperback book, showing some of the damage it has wrought
1019:
76:, which may bore or chew through books seeking food. The damage is not caused by any species of
1124:
2107:
1908:
1543:
594:
554:
454:
413:
204:
89:
2119:
2048:
2008:
1976:
1807:
1325:
630:
464:
420:
351:
232:
110:, who reads a great deal or to perceived excess: someone who devours books metaphorically.
2019:
1802:
1797:
1729:
1719:
1459:
1361:
1285:
589:
437:
425:
2058:
2025:
1951:
1866:
1861:
1832:
1812:
1645:
1560:
1479:
1410:
760:
742:
673:
274:
1315:"Bookworms: The Most Common Insect Pests of Paper in Archives, Libraries, and Museums"
965:
60:
The damage to books that is commonly attributed to "bookworms" is often caused by the
2129:
1956:
1764:
1734:
1682:
1320:
387:
291:
222:
151:
85:
2090:
2095:
2068:
1929:
1677:
1662:
1592:
1575:
1435:
1389:
1372:
921:
731:
692:
601:
535:
303:
253:
239:
183:
93:
1182:
1871:
1781:
1692:
1667:
1629:
1614:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1377:
1259:
785:
781:
679:
676:. Paper that is slightly ragged at the edges is usually the work of silverfish.
549:
321:
298:
246:
107:
1163:"A Review of Published Temperatures for the Control of Pest Insects in Museums"
1946:
1817:
1650:
1587:
1521:
1420:
1314:
1186:
1023:
751:
may live in books and feed on book-eating insects, controlling their numbers.
704:
623:
406:
260:
211:
141:
119:
30:
1199:
The Yale Non-toxic Method of
Eradicating Book-eating Insects by Deep-freezing
809:
1961:
1891:
1712:
1702:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1570:
1442:
770:
737:
666:
637:
577:
508:
Some species of ants can damage books in a way that is similar to termites.
267:
73:
124:
2114:
1096:"Identifying and controlling clothes moths, carpet beetles and silverfish"
1971:
1883:
1876:
1774:
1747:
1687:
1671:
1555:
1430:
1382:
699:
542:
459:
192:
1769:
1759:
1752:
1538:
773:
was interested in and that kept librarians busy through the centuries.
150:), typically 1 mm or less in length. Booklice feed on microscopic
81:
1981:
1120:
65:
50:
24:
166:
control to prevent the growth of potential booklouse food sources.
2003:
1986:
1901:
1896:
1697:
1330:
777:
709:
678:
562:
490:
393:
308:
182:
159:
123:
96:
61:
37:
29:
18:
1998:
1502:
77:
69:
54:
1475:
1334:
878:"Pest Control | Library Preservation and Conservation Tutorial"
1458:
1125:
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000082141.locale=en
1137:"Brown house moth Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton)"
1098:. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development
327:
These beetles have been known to feed on leather bindings.
158:
Despite their name, booklice are not considered to be true
106:
The term has come to have a second, idiomatic meaning of a
1471:
989:
987:
2079:
672:
These insects consume portions of books that contain
1917:
1851:
1790:
1638:
1509:
1090:
1088:
140:, is a soft-bodied, wingless insect in the order
784:. In its earliest iterations, it had a negative
726:Human awareness of bookworms dates back to the
780:to describe an avid or voracious reader, or a
1487:
1346:
1321:"Timber Borers – Anobium & Lyctus Borers"
1213:"How Book Scorpions Tend to Your Dusty Tomes"
1115:
1113:
16:Any insect that is said to bore through books
8:
1177:
1175:
1494:
1480:
1472:
1353:
1339:
1331:
730:, when infested books were identified and
1189:, 24 February 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
1156:
1154:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
99:used in most commercial book production.
162:, as they do not feed on a living host.
2086:
1139:. Canadian Grain Commission. 2013-08-30
1047:. Canadian Grain Commission. 2013-08-30
924:. Colonial Pest Control Inc. 2013-03-21
801:
64:of various types of insects, including
23:Pages riddled with bookworm damage on
1282:"Is 'bookworm' positive or negative?"
7:
1068:"A Termite-Damaged Book...Or Is It?"
904:The Library: An Illustrated History
837:"What's That Smell You're Reading?"
313:Larval stage of the museum beetle
187:Drugstore beetle on a human finger
14:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2043:
1313:Dr. John V. Richardson Jr., PhD.
1066:Harbison, Brad (4 August 2015).
2044:
776:The term bookworm is also used
835:Wiener, Ann Elizabeth (2018).
34:Traces of a bookworm in a book
1:
1211:Crew, Bec (August 25, 2014).
53:that is said to bore through
1967:Conservation and restoration
944:"Woodworm Anobium Punctatum"
2162:
946:. buildingconservation.com
882:Cornell University Library
117:
49:is a general name for any
2039:
1456:
1368:
1255:Oxford English Dictionary
555:Case-bearing clothes moth
421:African powderpost beetle
170:Other book-eating insects
1258:. Lexico. Archived from
585:Mediterranean flour moth
450:Destructive flour beetle
223:Australian spider beetle
1625:Collection (publishing)
1549:Illuminated manuscripts
1183:"A Book's Best Frenemy"
1072:Pest Control Technology
970:Encyclopædia Britannica
902:Murray, Stuart (2009).
814:Encyclopædia Britannica
486:Western drywood termite
431:Black powderpost beetle
426:Brown powderpost beetle
332:Furniture carpet beetle
285:Sawtoothed grain beetle
200:Common furniture beetle
1463:
922:"Bugs That Eat Books!"
718:
688:
571:
570:, common clothing moth
500:
497:Camponotus herculeanus
317:
218:Indian bookworm beetle
188:
129:
43:
35:
27:
1994:Intellectual property
1620:Volume (bibliography)
1462:
1161:Strang, Thomas J. K.
1020:"Black Carpet Beetle"
999:University of Florida
713:
682:
638:Household cockroaches
566:
519:Camponotus obscuripes
494:
445:Confused flour beetle
401:Trogoderma versicolor
312:
261:House longhorn beetle
186:
127:
41:
33:
22:
766:The Enemies of Books
660:Australian cockroach
655:Smokybrown cockroach
568:Tineola bisselliella
560:Common clothing moth
455:Dark mealworm beetle
363:Dermestes coarctatus
347:Varied carpet beetle
342:Common carpet beetle
2141:Insect common names
1217:Scientific American
966:"Deathwatch beetle"
908:Skyhorse Publishing
748:Chelifer cancroides
715:Thermobia domestica
513:Black carpenter ant
375:Dermestes maculatus
357:Black carpet beetle
254:Long horned beetles
147:Trogium pulsatorium
2031:World Book Capital
1464:
1396:The Book Collector
1181:Sajic, Andrijana.
995:"Drugstore beetle"
719:
689:
685:Lepisma saccharina
650:Oriental cockroach
645:American cockroach
572:
501:
481:Powderpost termite
414:Powderpost beetles
318:
315:Anthrenus museorum
247:Lesser grain borer
193:Woodboring beetles
189:
136:, also known as a
130:
90:woodboring beetles
44:
36:
28:
2077:
2076:
1909:Coffee table book
1740:Bookworm (insect)
1469:
1468:
810:"Bookworm insect"
205:Deathwatch beetle
2153:
2136:Book terminology
2118:
2117:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2046:
1977:History of books
1496:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1332:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:on June 19, 2019
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1133:
1127:
1123:. PGI.88/WS/20.
1117:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
991:
982:
981:
979:
977:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
918:
912:
911:
906:. New York, NY:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
874:
857:
856:
854:
852:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
806:
755:In human culture
631:German cockroach
624:Wood cockroaches
609:brown house moth
465:Red flour beetle
438:Darkling beetles
275:Flat bark beetle
233:Drugstore beetle
228:Cigarette beetle
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2035:
2020:The Philobiblon
1913:
1847:
1786:
1634:
1581:limited edition
1505:
1500:
1470:
1465:
1454:
1416:Limited edition
1364:
1362:Book collecting
1359:
1305:
1303:Further reading
1300:
1290:
1288:
1286:Merriam Webster
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1201:Kenneth Nesheim
1197:
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1160:
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1135:
1134:
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1101:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1045:"Larder beetle"
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
993:
992:
985:
975:
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848:
834:
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829:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
799:
794:
757:
743:Pseudoscorpions
724:
696:
674:polysaccharides
670:
641:
627:
617:
605:
602:Concealer moths
590:Indianmeal moth
581:
546:
533:
506:
473:
441:
417:
382:Dermestes vorax
325:
295:
280:Merchant beetle
271:
257:
243:
196:
177:
172:
122:
116:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2110:
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2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2061:
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2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2026:World Book Day
2023:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1952:Book packaging
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1838:United Kingdom
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1171:
1150:
1128:
1109:
1084:
1058:
1036:
1011:
983:
957:
935:
913:
910:. p. 198.
894:
858:
827:
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795:
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790:
761:William Blades
756:
753:
723:
720:
708:
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702:
695:
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669:
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640:
635:
634:
633:
626:
621:
616:
613:
612:
611:
604:
599:
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597:
595:Warehouse moth
592:
587:
580:
575:
574:
573:
557:
552:
545:
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532:
529:
528:
527:
522:
515:
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502:
495:Hercules Ant (
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176:
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168:
118:Main article:
115:
112:
86:carpenter ants
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2158:
2147:
2144:
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2139:
2137:
2134:
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2109:
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2021:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
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1978:
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1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Book swapping
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1843:United States
1841:
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1783:
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1773:
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1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Print culture
1763:
1761:
1758:
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1701:
1699:
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1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Bibliotherapy
1681:
1679:
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1434:
1432:
1429:
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1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:First edition
1409:
1407:
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1399:
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1287:
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1277:
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1245:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1207:
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1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
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1176:
1172:
1164:
1157:
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1138:
1132:
1129:
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1116:
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1110:
1097:
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1073:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1025:
1021:
1015:
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1000:
996:
990:
988:
984:
971:
967:
961:
958:
945:
939:
936:
923:
917:
914:
909:
905:
898:
895:
883:
879:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
859:
846:
842:
841:Distillations
838:
831:
828:
815:
811:
805:
802:
796:
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
778:idiomatically
774:
772:
768:
767:
762:
754:
752:
750:
749:
744:
739:
735:
733:
729:
721:
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686:
681:
677:
675:
668:
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639:
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632:
629:
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610:
607:
606:
603:
600:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:Pyralid moths
576:
569:
565:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
539:
537:
536:Clothes moths
530:
526:
523:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
503:
498:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
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422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
408:
405:
403:
402:
398:
396:
395:
391:
389:
388:Khapra beetle
386:
384:
383:
379:
377:
376:
372:
370:
369:Larder beetle
367:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
337:Museum beetle
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
323:
320:
316:
311:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:Auger beetles
238:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
213:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
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185:
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174:
169:
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161:
156:
153:
149:
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143:
139:
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126:
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98:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
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71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
40:
32:
26:
21:
2146:Pest insects
2018:
2014:Preservation
1930:Book burning
1925:Banned books
1739:
1678:Bibliophilia
1663:Bibliography
1593:advance copy
1576:instant book
1544:Illustration
1527:dust jackets
1436:solander box
1426:Preservation
1404:The Bookworm
1403:
1395:
1390:Bookbreaking
1373:Bibliophilia
1289:. Retrieved
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1253:
1244:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1194:
1168:. p. 3.
1141:. Retrieved
1131:
1100:. Retrieved
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
974:. Retrieved
960:
948:. Retrieved
938:
926:. Retrieved
916:
903:
897:
885:. Retrieved
849:. Retrieved
844:
840:
830:
818:. Retrieved
804:
775:
764:
763:in his work
758:
746:
736:
725:
714:
693:Lepismatidae
684:
683:Silverfish (
671:
618:
567:
543:Fungus moths
534:
525:Hercules ant
517:
507:
496:
474:
399:
392:
380:
373:
361:
326:
322:Skin beetles
314:
304:Wheat weevil
292:True weevils
268:Bark beetles
210:
178:
164:
157:
145:
137:
133:
131:
105:
101:
59:
46:
45:
1947:Book curses
1823:Netherlands
1693:Bookselling
1668:Bibliomania
1651:Bestsellers
1639:Consumption
1630:Book series
1615:Typesetting
1378:Bibliomania
1238:open access
786:connotation
782:bibliophile
728:Middle Ages
615:Cockroaches
550:Carpet moth
299:Rice weevil
128:A booklouse
108:bibliophile
74:cockroaches
2130:Categories
2108:Literature
1892:audiobooks
1791:By country
1744:Furniture
1735:Digitizing
1730:Collecting
1720:Censorship
1703:book towns
1588:Publishing
1571:incunabula
1510:Production
1448:conditions
1421:Marginalia
1406:(painting)
1250:"Bookworm"
1187:Met Museum
1024:Penn State
847:(1): 36–39
792:References
738:Pesticides
722:Management
717:, firebrat
705:Silverfish
407:Odd beetle
352:Fur beetle
212:Gastrallus
209:The genus
142:Psocoptera
138:paperlouse
120:Psocoptera
2120:Education
1962:Book tour
1935:incidents
1867:miniature
1862:fictional
1748:bookcases
1688:Bookmarks
1603:paperback
1598:hardcover
1443:Used book
797:Citations
771:Aristotle
667:Zygentoma
144:(usually
134:booklouse
94:wood-pulp
2059:Category
1972:Dog ears
1888:Formats
1884:Grimoire
1877:textbook
1828:Pakistan
1775:literacy
1753:bookends
1672:tsundoku
1556:Printing
1431:slipcase
1383:tsundoku
1291:June 18,
1266:June 19,
1143:April 6,
1102:April 6,
1051:April 6,
1029:April 6,
1004:April 6,
976:April 6,
950:April 6,
928:April 6,
851:July 11,
820:April 6,
745:such as
700:Firebrat
471:Termites
460:Mealworm
114:Booklice
82:termites
47:Bookworm
2082:Portals
2049:Outline
2009:Outline
1918:Related
1858:Genres
1808:Germany
1782:Reviews
1770:Reading
1760:Library
1708:history
1566:history
1561:edition
1539:Editing
1517:Binding
1398:journal
1222:20 June
1077:20 June
887:20 June
175:Beetles
66:beetles
2069:Portal
1982:scroll
1897:Ebooks
1872:pop-up
1803:France
1798:Brazil
1698:blurbs
1646:Awards
1534:Design
1522:Covers
1121:UNESCO
732:burned
88:, and
72:, and
62:larvae
51:insect
25:Errata
2096:Books
2004:Novel
1987:codex
1902:Folio
1852:Other
1833:Spain
1818:Japan
1813:Italy
1725:Clubs
1503:Books
1166:(PDF)
972:, inc
816:, inc
531:Moths
394:Reesa
152:molds
97:paper
70:moths
55:books
1999:ISBN
1940:Nazi
1713:used
1656:list
1610:Size
1293:2019
1268:2019
1224:2019
1145:2018
1104:2018
1079:2019
1053:2018
1031:2018
1006:2018
978:2018
952:2018
930:2018
889:2019
853:2018
822:2018
504:Ants
160:lice
132:The
78:worm
2132::
1284:.
1252:.
1215:.
1185:.
1174:^
1153:^
1112:^
1087:^
1070:.
1022:.
997:.
986:^
968:.
880:.
861:^
843:.
839:.
812:.
734:.
84:,
68:,
57:.
2084::
1674:)
1670:(
1495:e
1488:t
1481:v
1354:e
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1226:.
1147:.
1106:.
1081:.
1055:.
1033:.
1008:.
980:.
954:.
932:.
891:.
855:.
845:4
824:.
687:)
499:)
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