Book of Common Prayer (1549)

894: 1835:, thou didst sanctify the flood Jordan, and all other waters to this mystical washing away of sin: We beseech thee (for thy infinite mercies) that thou wilt mercifully look upon these children, and sanctify them with thy holy ghost, that by this wholesome laver of regeneration, whatsoever sin is in them, may be washed clean away, that they, being delivered from thy wrath, may be received into the ark of Christ's church, and so saved from perishing: and being fervent in spirit, steadfast in faith, joyful through hope, rooted in charity, may ever serve thee: And finally attain to everlasting life, with all thy holy and chosen people. This grant us we beseech the, for Jesus Christ's sake our Lord. Amen. 865:

intercession they crave. Instead, people gather in the church to speak to God, and to be spoken to by Him, in soberly straightforward (though often very beautiful) English. Again and again they are reminded that there is but one Mediator between God and man, Jesus Christ. None other matters; so none other is called upon. The one relevant fact is His verdict upon us, and it is by faith in Him alone that we gain mercy at the time of judgment. All who stand in the church are naked before Him together, exposed in public sight. And so they say, using the first-person singular but using it together, O God, make speed to save me; O Lord, make haste to help me.

2346:"WE commend unto thy mercy (O Lord) all other thy servants which are departed hence from us with the sign of faith, and now do rest in the sleep of peace: grant unto them, we beseech thee, they mercy and everlasting peace; and that, at the day of the general resurrection, we and all they which be of the mystical body of thy Son, may altogether be set on his right hand, and hear that his most joyful voice: Come unto me, O ye that be blessed of my Father, and possess the kingdom, which is prepared for you from the beginning of the world." 116: 22: 729: 2355:"And here do we give unto thee most high praise, and hearty thanks, for the wonderful grace and virtue declared in all thy saints, from the beginning of the world; and chiefly in the glorious and most blessed Virgin Mary, mother of thy Son Jesu Christ our Lord and God; and in the holy Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, and Martyrs, whose examples (O Lord) and stedfastness in thy faith, and keeping thy holy commandments, grant us to follow." 6745: 2016:. Cranmer added a third purpose: "for the mutual society, help, and comfort, that the one ought to have of the other, both in prosperity and adversity." In the Sarum rite, the husband vowed "to have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness, and in health, till death us depart." Cranmer added the words "to love and to cherish" (for the wife "to love, cherish, and obey"). 1863:. The medieval service made reference to the infant's personal faith — a relic of ancient times when adult converts were routinely baptised. Cranmer replaced these with an emphasis on the faith of the congregation: "Almighty and everlasting God, heavenly father, we give thee humble thanks, that thou hast vouchsafed to call us to knowledge of thy grace, and faith in thee: Increase and confirm this faith in us evermore". 1516:, etc.). Nevertheless, the BCP liturgy was a "radical" departure from traditional worship in that it "eliminated almost everything that had till then been central to lay Eucharistic piety". The sacrifice of the Mass was replaced with a Protestant service of thanksgiving and spiritual communion with Christ. The notions of transubstantiation and eucharistic adoration were suppressed. In the new liturgy, the priest 2385:, pp. 461, 492) quotes Cranmer as explaining "And therefore in the book of the holy communion, we do not pray that the creatures of bread and wine may be the body and blood of Christ; but that they may be to us the body and blood of Christ" and also "I do as plainly speak as I can, that Christ's body and blood be given to us in deed, yet not corporally and carnally, but spiritually and effectually." 6757: 6718: 6769: 6781: 1706:

Christ is present, his presence does not make him the object of anything that anyone does. Priest and people cannot be said to offer, present, touch, or behold him. What they do is receive; what they give is thanks; and what they offer is themselves. To do so is their "bounden duty"—almost the first words of the canon, and almost the last.

1687:... the memorial which thy Son hath willed us to make; having in remembrance his blessed passion, mighty resurrection, and glorious ascension". The memorial is described as a "sacrifice of praise" for the benefits of Christ's death and resurrection, especially forgiveness of sins. The priest then, in the name of the congregation, prays: 2045:. For example, the prayer book rite made anointing of the sick optional with only one anointing on the forehead or chest. In the old rite, the eyes, ears, lips, limbs and heart were anointed to symbolise, in the words of historian Eamon Duffy, "absolution and surrender of all the sick person's senses and faculties as death approached". 637:, but it also included local feasts as well. The liturgical calendar determined what was to be read at the daily offices and the Mass. By the 1500s, the calendar had become complicated and difficult to use. Furthermore, most of the readings appointed for each day were not drawn from the Bible but were mainly legends about 2226:, not by the congregation. In smaller parish churches, every part of the liturgy would have been spoken. Merbecke's musical settings experienced a revival in popularity during the 19th century, when his settings were revised to be sung by congregations. Some of those settings have remained in use into the 20th century. 791:. Only the elect receive the sacramental sign and the grace. This is because faith—which is a gift only the elect are given—unites the outward sign and the inward grace and makes the sacrament effective. This position was in agreement with the Reformed churches but was opposed to the Roman Catholic and Lutheran views. 1723:

respectively. Cranmer deliberately made these words ambiguous. Traditionalists would understood them as identifying the bread and wine with the body and blood of Christ, but Protestants would understand them as a prayer that the communicant might spiritually receive the body and blood of Christ by faith.

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Dear beloved, forasmuch as all men be conceived and born in sin, and that no man born in sin, can enter into the kingdom of God (except he be regenerate, and born anew of water, and the holy ghost) I beseech you to call upon God the father through our Lord Jesus Christ, that of his bounteous mercy he

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When administering the sacrament, the priest said "The Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life" and "The Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was shed for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life", for the bread and wine

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And here we offer and present unto thee (O Lord) ourself, our souls and bodies, to be a reasonable, holy, and lively sacrifice unto thee; humbly beseeching thee, that whosoever shall be partakers of this holy Communion may worthily receive the most precious Body and Blood of thy Son Jesus Christ; and

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The calendar included what is now called the lectionary, which specified the parts of the Bible to be read at each service. For Cranmer, the main purpose of the liturgy was to familiarise people with the Bible. He wanted a congregation to read through the whole Bible in a year. The scripture readings

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While the English people were becoming accustomed to the new Communion service, Cranmer and his colleagues were working on a complete English-language prayer book. Cranmer is "credited the overall job of editorship and the overarching structure of the book"; though, he borrowed and adapted material

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The office for the visitation of the sick was a shortened version of the Sarum rite. It featured prayers for healing, a long exhortation by the priest and a reminder that the sick person needed to examine their conscience and repent of sin while there was still time. The rite had a penitential tone,

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Largely based on Martin Luther's baptism service, which simplified the medieval rite, the prayer book's service of public baptism maintained a traditional form and sacramental character. It also preserved some of the symbolic actions and repetitive prayers found in the medieval rite. It began at the

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of sin on behalf of the whole congregation and pronounced absolution. Following the absolution, the priest said what are known as the "comfortable words", scripture passages which give assurance of Christ's mercy (taken from Matthew 11:28, John 3:16, 1 Timothy 1:15 and 1 John 2:1–2). The priest then

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The canon closes with an acknowledgment of the congregation's unworthiness to offer any sacrifice to God; nevertheless, God is asked to accept it as their duty and service. This sacrifice is not Christ nor his body and blood because, in the words of Charles Hefling, "Christ has been offered already,

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Those receiving communion remained in the chancel near the altar for the rest of the service. If there were communicants, the priest laid on the altar enough bread and wine. According to Anglican theologian Charles Hefling, whether the priest actually offered the bread and wine to God "is debatable.

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In the world of the prayer book, then, the individual Christian stands completely naked before God in a paradoxical setting of public intimacy. There are no powerful rites conducted by sacerdotal figures while people stand some distance away fingering prayer beads or gazing on images of saints whose

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O most merciful god our saviour Jesu Christ, who hast ordained the element of water for the regeneration of thy faithful people, upon whom, being baptised in the river of Jordan, the holy ghost came down in the likeness of a dove: Send down we beseech thee the same thy holy spirit to assist us, and

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the sacramental bread (called the host) so that the congregation could see and adore it as Christ's body. In the name of the congregation, the priest then offered the consecrated bread and wine to God, praying that God would accept the sacrifice for the living worshippers and the faithful dead. The

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provided his own complaints. Shifts in Eucharistic theology between 1548 and 1552 also made the prayer book unsatisfactory—during that time English Protestants achieved a consensus rejecting any real bodily presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Some influential Protestants such as Vermigli defended

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The English litany was published along with simple plainsong based on the chant used in the Sarum rite. When the BCP was published, there was initially no music because it would take time to replace the church's body of Latin music. Theologian Gordon Jeanes writes that "Musically the greatest loss

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Take this white vesture for a token of the innocence, which by God's grace in this holy sacrament of Baptism, is given unto thee: and for a sign whereby thou art admonished, so long as thou livest, to give thyself to innocence of living, that, after this transitory life, thou mayest be partaker of

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This petition was not meant to imply that a transformation occurred in the elements. For Cranmer to bless something meant only to set it apart for a holy purpose. In saying "unto us", Cranmer meant the bread and wine would represent the body and blood, which can only be received spiritually. After

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Cranmer saw confirmation as an opportunity for children who had been baptised as infants to personally affirm their faith. At confirmation, children would accept for themselves the baptismal vows made by godparents on their behalf. Before being confirmed, children would be taught the catechism in

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Why there is no adoration or oblation of the sacramental bread and wine is explained, by implication, in the rite itself. It consistently expresses the relation between the Christian and Christ in terms of spiritual communion, not active confrontation, whether material or physical or sensible. If

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To Cranmer, baptism and the Eucharist were the only dominical sacraments (sacraments instituted by Christ himself) and of equal importance. Cranmer did not believe that baptism was absolutely necessary for salvation, but he did believe it was ordinarily necessary and to refuse baptism would be a

1342:, in his abortive revision of the Roman Breviary published in 1537. Cranmer took up Quiñones's principle that everything should be sacrificed to secure continuity in singing the Psalter and reading the Bible. His first draft, produced during Henry's reign, retained the traditional seven distinct 2246:

in the 1549 prayer book to make the new liturgy as much like the old Latin Mass as possible, including elevating the Eucharist. The conservative Bishop Gardiner endorsed the prayer book while in prison, and historian Eamon Duffy notes that many lay people treated the prayer book "as an English

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were spoken, but the rubric immediately after forbade any elevation of the sacrament. For Reformers, elevation was unacceptable because it implied that the elements changed after consecration and invited congregants to engage in eucharistic adoration. While the sacramental bread and wine were

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of sin, which parishioners were supposed to undertake at least once a year. For Protestants, private confession was a problem because it placed a priest between people and God. For Protestants, forgiveness should be sought directly from God. The second reason was that the sacrament of penance

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seems relatively conservative. For England, however, it represented a "major theological shift" toward Protestantism. The preface, which contained Cranmer's explanation as to why a new prayer book was necessary, began: "There was never any thing by the wit of man so well devised, or so sure

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to place monetary donations in a "poor men's box". At this point, the service could only continue if there were people present willing to receive communion with the priest. If no one was willing, the service ended without communion. The Reformers hoped to establish the practice of weekly

1658:. In order to redeem sinners, God gave his son, Jesus Christ, to be crucified. Christ's self-sacrifice was powerful enough to make satisfaction for all of humanity's sins. Before he died, Christ established the Lord's Supper as a perpetual memorial of his death. The priest then made the 1033:) with an English-language liturgy. It was far less complicated than the older system, which required multiple books. The prayer book had provisions for the daily offices, scripture readings for Sundays and holy days, and services for communion, public baptism, confirmation, matrimony, 1156:, were removed. Cranmer opposed praying to saints in hopes they might intercede for the living, but he did believe the saints were role models. For this reason, collects that invoked saints were replaced by new ones that only honoured them. The following saints were commemorated: 1798:. If an infant was one of the elect, dying unbaptised would not affect the child's salvation. The prayer book made public baptism the norm, so a congregation could observe and be reminded of their own baptism. In cases of emergency, a private baptism could be performed at home. 1918:

to be present at this our invocation of thy holy name: Sanctify + this fountain of baptism, thou that art the sanctifier of all things, that by the power of thy word, all those that shall he baptized therein, may be spiritually regenerated, and made the children of everlasting

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with prayer. In the traditional service, the ordination candidate would be anointed, put on Mass vestments and receive the eucharistic vessels to symbolise his new role. In the prayer book, however, the only thing the candidate was given was a Bible from which he would teach.

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Almighty God the father of our lord Jesus Christ, who hath regenerate thee by water and the holy ghost, and hath given unto thee remission of all thy sins: he vouchsafe to anoint thee with the unction of his holy spirit, and bring thee to the inheritance of everlasting life.

815:, the sacramental bread and wine ceased being bread and wine and became the flesh and blood of Christ without changing their appearance. To Protestants, transubstantiation seemed too much like magic, and they rejected it as an explanation for what occurred in the Eucharist. 2025:

which was reinforced by the option to make private confession to the priest who would then grant absolution. This was the only form for absolving individuals provided in the prayer book and was to be used for all other private confessions. The visitation rite also included

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of the world. To the reformers, to believe that the Mass is a propitiatory offering that forgives sins is to rely on human activity instead of having faith in the efficacy of Christ's death. This was incompatible with justification by faith. Protestants taught that the

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The 1549 book established a rigorously biblical cycle of readings for Morning and Evening Prayer and a Psalter to be read consecutively throughout each month. A chapter from the Old Testament and the New Testament were read at each service. Both offices had a

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and then later at Windsor and agreed that "the service of the church ought to be in the mother tongue." These meetings were likely the final steps in a longer process of composition and revision. There is no evidence that the book was ever approved by the

2192:. The English reformers followed the Lutheran example by retaining chant for their new vernacular services. There was, however, a demand to make chant less elaborate so that the liturgical text could be heard clearly. This had been a common concern for 1874:

were made by the godparents on behalf of the child. The devil, the world and the flesh were forsaken. Then the godparents affirmed belief in the Apostles' Creed. After this, the child was baptised by triple immersion and dressed in traditional white

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once offered) a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction, for the sins of the whole world; and did institute, and in his holy Gospel command us to celebrate a perpetual memory of that his precious death, until his coming

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then follows. In the medieval rite, the offertory was when the priest offered the bread and wine to be consecrated as the body and blood of Christ. In the BCP, the offertory was a collection of scriptures about generosity and almsgiving, such as

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soon after birth on any day of the week, but in cases of emergency, a midwife could baptise a child at birth. The traditional baptism service was long and repetitive. It was also spoken in Latin. The priest only spoke English when exhorting the

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and has ordination candidates affirm they are "persuaded that the holy scriptures contain sufficiently all doctrine required of necessity for eternal salvation through faith in Jesus Christ". The ordinal was based on work by Martin Bucer.

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Protestants believed that when a person died he or she would receive either eternal life or eternal damnation depending on whether they had placed their faith in Christ or rejected him. Thus, Protestants denied the Catholic belief in

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The new service was titled "The Supper of the Lord and the Holy Communion, commonly called the Mass" as a compromise with conservatives. Besides the name, it also preserved much of the medieval structure of the Mass (stone altars,

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In the medieval rite, there were prayers to saints asking for their intercession on behalf of the sick. These prayers were not included in the prayer book liturgy. Other changes made included the removal of symbolic gestures and

1848:(Cranmer reduced the multiple exorcisms in the medieval rite to just one) saying, "I command thee, unclean spirit, in the name of the father, of the son, and of the holy ghost, that thou come out, and depart from these infants." 1421:

and healing were obtained. It was believed that the benefits of Christ's sacrifice were applied not only to those who received communion but also to those who witnessed the Mass and those who were prayed for during the service.

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participation, more Bible reading and sermons, and conforming the liturgy to Protestant theology. Henry VIII, however, was religiously conservative, and Protestants had limited success in reforming the liturgy during his reign.

1647:. The priest then turned to the altar to say or sing a long prayer that was based on the Sarum rite's canon of the Mass. The canon was divided into three parts: intercession, consecration, and memorial/oblation. Part one was a 1387:

Clergy were required to say both Morning and Evening Prayer daily. If this requirement was followed, a clergyman would have read the entire Old Testament once a year. He would have read the New Testament three times a year.

1493:. When receiving the sacrament, a communicant knelt while the priest placed the host directly into their mouth, so their hands would not touch it. By custom, laypeople were only given the host to eat; only clergy received 2036:

was forbidden, the priest could celebrate a shortened Communion service at the sick person's house or the sacrament could be brought directly from a Communion service at the parish church to be administered to the sick.

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or minor sins and those sins that were never confessed. The Catholic Church also taught that the living could take action to reduce the length of time souls spent in purgatory. These included good works such as giving

2073:, such as the provision for celebrating Communion at a funeral. At the same time, much of the traditional funeral rites were removed. For example, the service in the house and all other processions were eliminated. 1839:

The priest then made the sign of the cross on the infant's forehead and chest as a token of faith and obedience to Christ. The congregation then prayed "Receive (o Lord) as thou hast promised by thy well beloved

1807:

will grant to these children that thing, which by nature they cannot have, that is to say, they may be baptized with the holy ghost, and received into Christ's holy Church, and be made lively members of the same.

1607:. Those who receive unworthily are warned that they eat and drink their own damnation. The teaching that communicants "spiritually eat the flesh of Christ" was a direct attack on the doctrine of real presence. 2238:

was a temporary compromise between reformers and conservatives. It provided Protestants with a service free from what they considered superstition, while maintaining the traditional structure of the Mass.

981:(to whom he was related by marriage). The Church Order of Brandenburg and Nuremberg was partly the work of the latter. Many phrases are characteristic of the German reformer Martin Bucer, the Italian 856:, especially as part of the Mass. The idea of purgatory was not found in the BCP. Cranmer's theology also led him to remove all instances of prayer to the saints in the liturgy. The literary scholar 1844:... that these infants may enjoy the everlasting benediction of thy heavenly washing, and may come to the eternal kingdom which thou hast promised, by Christ our Lord." The priest then performed a 783:. For Cranmer, a sacrament is a "sign of an holy thing" that signifies what it represents but is not identical to it. With this understanding, Cranmer believed that someone who is not one of God's 1306:

fell on the same day as a fixed feast, but the prayer book provided no instructions for determining which feast to celebrate. Directions for solving this issue were not added to the BCP until the

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for the king, clergy, and people (including the dead). Thanks was also given for the saints in heaven. This replaced the traditional "bidding of the bedes" that had occurred after the sermon.

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Almighty and everlasting God, which of thy justice didst destroy by floods of water the whole world for sin, except eight persons, whom of thy mercy (the same time) thou didst save in the

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would occasionally adopt the 1549 Communion office rather than the current version of the 1662 prayer book during the early 18th century until the creation of native liturgies in 1718.

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of Office prayer. His second draft, produced during Edward's reign, reduced the offices to only two, but Latin was retained for everything except the Lord's Prayer and the lessons.

1302:. For Morning and Evening Prayer, the lessons did not change if it was a saints' day. The readings for Holy Communion did change if it was a feast day. This became a problem when a 1666:

Hear us (O merciful Father) we beseech thee; and with thy Holy Spirit and Word vouchsafe to bl+ess and sanc+tify these thy gifts and creatures of bread and wine, that they may be

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was holier than married life. The prayer book called marriage a "holy estate" that "Christ adorned and beautified with his presence, and first miracle that he wrought in

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missal". Nevertheless, it was unpopular in the parishes of Devon and Cornwall where, along with severe social problems, its introduction was one of the causes of the

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Cranmer agreed with Reformed Protestant theology, and his doctrinal concerns can be seen in the systematic amendment of source material to remove any idea that human

1001:. In December 1548, the traditionalist and Protestant bishops debated the prayer book's eucharistic theology in the House of Lords. Despite conservative opposition, 2365: 486: 1636:

says so." Hefling goes on to say the offertory sentences refer to almsgiving and "cannot, without special pleading, be referred directly to the bread and wine."

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from other sources. He relied heavily on the Sarum rite and the traditional service books (Missal, Manual, Pontifical and Breviary) as well as from the English

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was authorised for use in 1538. Priests were required to read from it during services. The earliest English-language service of the Church of England was the

1330:. Cranmer hoped these would also serve as a daily form of prayer to be used by the laity, thus replacing both the late medieval lay observation of the Latin 371: 2188:

chant for music. While Lutheran churches in Germany continued to use chant in their services, other Protestant churches in Europe were replacing chant with

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Early in the draft process, bishops and theologians completed questionnaires on liturgical theology. In September 1548, bishops and senior clergy met at

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The rite concluded with an exhortation to the godparents on their duties toward the child. The prayer book also included a monthly rite of changing and

704:. After 1531, Cranmer's contacts with Protestant reformers from continental Europe helped to change his outlook. By the late 1530s, Cranmer had adopted 1951:, the Lord's Prayer, and a discussion of the individual's duty to God and neighbor. Everyone was required to know these in order to receive Communion. 508:

The Book of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church after the Use of the Church of England

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The second part of the service began with two exhortations. These exhortations describe the body and blood of Christ as a pledge and remembrance of

1454: 4336: 3664: 2222:, published in 1550, also used simple plainsong musical settings. Merbecke's work was intended to be sung by the "singing men" of cathedrals and 1943:. In Catholicism, confirmation was a sacrament believed to give grace for the Christian life after baptism and was always performed by a bishop. 1524:. The service was to now be in English, and laypeople were to be encouraged to participate by receiving communion under both kinds frequently. 4759: 4656: 2065:

of all believers. It included a procession through the church yard, the burial, a service in church and Holy Communion. There were remnants of

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lives. When scripture was assigned, only brief passages were read before moving on to an entirely different chapter. As a result, there was no

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introduced the first major reform of the Mass. In 1548, pursuant to the act, a liturgical text was published in the form of a booklet titled,

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be fulfilled with thy grace and heavenly benediction, and made one body with thy Son Jesu Christ, that he may dwell in them, and they in him.

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was a remembrance and representation of Christ's sacrifice, but not the sacrifice itself. Protestants also rejected the Catholic doctrine of

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argues that for Thomas Cranmer "there is really nothing which humanity can offer God, except itself." Hefling elaborates on this point:

1174: 1160: 998: 308: 150: 922:. Published in 1544, it was no mere translation from the Latin. Its Protestant character is made clear by the drastic reduction in the 6677: 4724: 4682: 4329: 4166: 2242:

It was criticised by Protestants for being too susceptible to Roman Catholic re-interpretation. Conservative clergy took advantage of

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could remove it. Baptism was, therefore, essential to salvation. It was feared that children who died without baptism faced eternal

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The canon was followed by the Lord's Prayer. Private confession prior to the service was now optional. Instead, the priest made a

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is forgiven. This doctrine is implicit throughout the prayer book, and it had important implications for his understanding of the

6613: 6174: 5292: 4651: 4410: 1214: 973:' revision of the daily office was also a resource. He borrowed much from German sources, particularly from work commissioned by 795: 237: 107: 1790:

rejection of God's grace. In agreement with Reformed theology, however, Cranmer believed that salvation was determined by God's

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was retained, but it was not blessed. Cranmer believed that blessings applied to people not things, so the couple was blessed.

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The confirmation service followed the Sarum rite. The bishop prayed that the confirmand would be strengthened with the "inward

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receives only the outward form of the sacrament (washing in baptism or eating bread in communion) but does not receive actual

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of the early eighteenth century debated the significance of the prayer book with the Usager faction reinstating many of its

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Protestants considered the book too traditional. Martin Bucer identified 60 problems with the prayer book, and the Italian

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The third part of the canon is the memorial and oblation. The priest prays, "we thy humble servants do celebrate and make

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While Henry was king, the English language was gradually introduced into services alongside Latin. The English-language

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The prayer book rejected the idea that marriage was a sacrament while also repudiating the common medieval belief that

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The marriage service was largely a translation of the Sarum rite. The first part of the service took place in the

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Part two of the canon was the consecration. It began with a recitation of Christ's death on the cross and the

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Cranmer and his Protestant allies were forced to compromise with Catholic bishops who still held power in the

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liturgies. Criticised by Protestants for being too traditional, it was replaced by the significantly revised

3657:"Certayne Notes for the more playne explicacion and decent ministracion of thinges conteined in thys booke". 2117:

The services were also simplified. For Cranmer and other reformers, the essential part of ordination was the

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Only after the death of Henry VIII and the accession of Edward VI in 1547 could revision proceed faster. The

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in the summer of that year, partly because many Cornish people lacked sufficient English to understand it.

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that was "functional, comprehensible to and even performable by any persevering member of a congregation".

6413: 6372: 6238: 6204: 6179: 6116: 5363: 4971: 4965: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4508: 4105:

Leonel, Mitchell (2006). "Sanctifying Time: The Calendar". In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).

4016: 3937: 2272: 1791: 1752: 1570: 1558: 1269: 1245: 1168: 1153: 1122: 1006: 923: 918: 857: 784: 776: 288: 115: 945:, a departure from the Catholic Church's practice since the 13th century of giving the laity bread only. 6702: 6618: 6588: 6487: 6362: 6285: 5776: 5757: 5437: 5143: 5133: 5003: 4904: 4861: 4774: 4769: 4359: 2255: 2248: 2179: 2167: 2054: 2026: 1584: 1466: 1034: 1002: 799: 788: 772: 768: 709: 665: 638: 439: 273: 263: 44: 5044: 2263:'s symbolic view of the Eucharist. Less radical Protestants such as Bucer and Cranmer advocated for a 1465:

Since laypeople only received communion once a year at Easter, they were mainly spectators performing

926:, compressing what had been the major part into three petitions. The litany was included in the first 873:. The final form the BCP took was not what either the Protestants nor the Catholics wanted. Historian 6603: 6542: 6342: 6302: 6297: 5828: 5346: 5341: 4749: 4519: 2163: 2159: 2012:

The Sarum rite stated there were two purposes for marriage: procreation of children and avoidance of

1828: 1676: 1620: 1486: 1438: 1426: 1410: 954: 823: 819: 812: 752: 693: 551: 396: 253: 1616: 728: 6801: 6761: 6722: 6667: 6635: 6608: 6573: 6443: 6021: 5336: 5247: 5163: 5065: 4909: 4707: 4126: 4084:

Leaver, Robin A. (2006). "The Prayer Book 'Noted'". In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).

4040:

Jeanes, Gordon (2006). "Cranmer and Common Prayer". In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).

2290: 2066: 1919: 1756: 1698: 1458: 853: 653: 444: 258: 169: 72:

theology can be seen throughout the book; however, the services maintain the traditional forms and

61: 21: 2029:, but a distinction was made between the visible oil and the inward anointing of the Holy Spirit. 1958:

of thy Holy Ghost". Afterwards, the bishop made the sign of the cross on the child's forehead and

1140:

and scripture readings appropriate for the day. However, it was reduced from 181 to 25 days. Only

6640: 6568: 6563: 6503: 6438: 6332: 6016: 5848: 5796: 5699: 5383: 5358: 5321: 5205: 5138: 5015: 4960: 4779: 4514: 4258: 3485: 2193: 2189: 2082: 2033: 1876: 1711: 1540: 1450: 1288: 1276: 1200: 1164: 1149: 1133: 1038: 934: 808: 717: 697: 336: 318: 213: 200: 6146: 5111: 1860: 1265: 1145: 2032:

Communion of the sick was also provided for in the prayer book. While the Catholic practice of

6593: 6347: 6280: 6227: 6199: 5723: 5704: 5490: 5400: 5242: 5222: 5217: 5070: 4368: 4288: 4271: 4231: 4184: 4162: 4138: 4112: 4091: 4070: 4047: 4026: 4002: 3976: 3957: 3947: 3919: 3894: 3873: 2314: 2294: 2223: 2088: 1659: 1640: 1596: 1434: 1384:

were sung. On Sundays, Wednesdays and Fridays, Cranmer's litany was to follow Morning Prayer.

661: 554:, but the liturgy itself varied according to local practice. By far the most common form, or " 53: 4310: 6672: 6662: 6645: 6523: 6481: 6423: 6393: 5928: 5843: 5708: 5553: 5480: 5427: 5262: 5227: 5200: 5195: 5183: 4921: 4789: 4784: 4754: 4744: 3994: 1994: 1948: 1832: 1535: 978: 957:

used by the laity. Other Christian liturgical traditions also influenced Cranmer, including

845: 419: 401: 361: 2001:

elements in the rite were removed, and the emphasis was on the groom and bride as the true

1025:

The BCP replaced the several regional Latin liturgical uses (such as the Use of Sarum, the

708:

views. By the time the first prayer book was published, Cranmer shared more in common with

6650: 6583: 6518: 6475: 6260: 6217: 6169: 6086: 5958: 5769: 5748: 5583: 5485: 5455: 5027: 4794: 4594: 4558: 4468: 3836: 2286: 2118: 1974:

of the church and included an opening pastoral discourse, a time to declare objections or

1859:

teachings against infant baptism. The congregation then recited the Lord's Prayer and the

1446: 1343: 1298: 1229: 1086: 1030: 974: 966: 941:

This English text was to be added to the Latin Mass. It allowed for lay people to receive

902: 642: 630: 449: 77: 49: 3998: 1947:

church before evening prayer on Sunday. The catechism included the Apostles' Creed, the

985:(who was staying with Cranmer at the time he was finalising drafts) or of his chaplain, 6785: 6773: 6692: 6630: 6491: 6471: 6433: 6387: 6307: 6156: 6129: 6062: 6057: 5983: 5918: 5853: 5783: 5718: 5630: 5445: 5368: 5353: 4885: 4661: 4611: 4546: 4532: 4198: 4131: 2142:. For the services of morning and evening prayer, baptism and burial, priests wore the 2109: 1910: 1871: 1867: 1778: 1648: 1592: 1528: 1517: 1481:

dedicated to particular saints. Before receiving communion, laypeople were supposed to

1442: 1414: 1303: 1225: 1114: 993: 962: 958: 874: 870: 764: 732: 692:, starting cautiously in the reign of Henry VIII and then more radically under his son 685: 575: 414: 278: 187: 65: 6795: 6625: 6598: 6317: 6098: 6090: 6052: 6002: 5991: 5978: 5639: 5620: 5450: 5417: 5298: 5287: 5075: 4899: 4646: 4621: 2368:

Christ to suffer death upon the cross for our redemption; who made there (by his one

2334: 2298: 2215: 1979: 1824: 1736: 1474: 1380: 1331: 1141: 1106: 1102: 1090: 1042: 608: 555: 223: 69: 6744: 4061:

Jones, Cheslyn; Wainwright, Geoffrey; Yarnold, Edward; Bradshaw, Paul, eds. (1992).

3912: 2150:, surplice or alb, and a cope. When being consecrated, bishops were to wear a black 1409:. The Roman Catholic Church believed the Mass was a sacrifice—the same sacrifice of 6749: 6537: 6466: 6418: 6312: 6232: 6010: 5738: 5593: 5558: 5511: 5475: 5405: 5373: 5148: 5049: 4950: 4938: 4666: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4616: 4176: 3933: 3840: 2268: 2100: 2096: 2006: 1936: 1762: 1576: 1319: 1210: 1188: 1182: 1118: 986: 713: 595: 579: 559: 1628:

congregational communion, but laypeople were reluctant to participate that often.

1338:. This simplification was anticipated by the work of Cardinal Quiñones, a Spanish 794:

Protestants were particularly hostile to the Catholic Church's teaching that each

562:(Salisbury). There was no single book; the services that would be provided by the 4282: 4225: 4202: 4156: 4106: 4085: 4041: 4020: 3951: 510:. The prayer book's title refers to three categories of services: common prayer ( 6682: 6558: 6512: 6381: 6322: 6151: 6094: 6081: 6067: 5903: 5878: 5863: 5689: 5664: 5625: 5598: 5588: 5121: 4993: 3907: 3886: 2042: 2013: 1655: 1632:

Analogy with the Mass would suggest that he does, but nothing in the prayers or

1521: 1430: 1280: 1241: 1178: 1074: 1026: 913: 882: 849: 57: 2364:"O GOD, heavenly Father, which of thy tender mercy diddest give thine only Son 1670:

the Body and Blood of thy most dearly beloved Son Jesus Christ (emphasis added)

1046: 767:

are central to Cranmer's theology. In justification, God grants the individual

6687: 6428: 6337: 6212: 6110: 5801: 5674: 5608: 5603: 5282: 5277: 5232: 5087: 5032: 4641: 4221: 2104: 2092: 1998: 1906: 1856: 1783: 1595:. Those who worthily receive the sacrament spiritually feed on Christ and are 1490: 1478: 1374: 1362: 1339: 1129: 1054: 1050: 1014: 836: 673: 657: 634: 613: 599: 587: 543: 366: 3914:

The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400–c. 1580

6756: 6717: 6121: 6075: 6026: 5997: 5948: 5378: 5331: 4982: 4943: 4321: 3259: 2201: 2185: 2131: 1940: 1889: 1770: 1730: 1611: 1402: 1255: 1218: 1098: 1082: 1070: 878: 832: 804: 780: 684:

The work of producing a liturgy in the English language was largely done by

603: 523: 515: 124: 73: 3258:"The Supper of the Lord and the Holy Communion, Commonly Called the Mass". 2293:

comments that this would have "surprised and probably distressed Cranmer".

1855:) and the minister's exhortation, which was probably intended to repudiate 68:, who borrowed from a large number of other sources. Evidence of Cranmer's 6497: 6352: 6034: 5933: 5893: 5883: 5868: 5823: 5654: 5528: 5388: 5272: 5116: 5106: 5055: 4988: 4933: 4874: 4866: 2369: 2243: 2143: 1990: 1513: 1470: 1351: 1327: 1259: 705: 623: 4262: 1851:

The theme of God receiving the child continued with the gospel reading (

1831:: whereby thou didst figure the washing of thy holy Baptism: and by the 1680:

consecrated for a holy purpose, they were not to be objects of worship.

6408: 6357: 6275: 6222: 5898: 5873: 5858: 5813: 5649: 5635: 5506: 5422: 5410: 5304: 5178: 5173: 5153: 5128: 4926: 4230:. Religion, Politics and Society in Britain (2nd ed.). Routledge. 3891:

The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village

2260: 2209: 2197: 2151: 2070: 1983: 1955: 1852: 1829:

lead thy people the children of Israel safely through the midst thereof

1811:

The priest then said a prayer, originally composed by Luther, based on

1766: 1644: 1633: 1624: 1546: 1356: 1137: 1110: 1058: 701: 583: 547: 519: 3953:

English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society Under the Tudors

2212:, reflecting Cranmer's own acknowledged lack of compositional skill." 1715:

knelt at the altar and prayed in the name of all the communicants the

1318:

Cranmer's work of simplification and revision was also applied to the

6102: 5972: 5938: 5923: 5908: 5669: 5644: 5563: 5548: 5543: 5533: 5518: 5252: 5237: 5212: 5190: 4853: 3850: 2155: 2147: 1893: 1078: 591: 567: 535: 3484:"Of the Administration of Public Baptism to Be Used in the Church". 2107:

from Sarum practice. The ordinal adopted the Protestant doctrine of

1639:

After the offertory comes the sacramental prayer. It began with the

1619:, to be said or sung while members of the congregation moved to the 748:

established, which in continuance of time hath not been corrupted."

4805: 1761:

In the Middle Ages, the church taught that children were born with

1662:

over the bread and wine while petitioning God to do the following:

1599:

as children of God. Worthy reception means having sorrow for sins,

735:(1489–1556), editor and co-author of the 1549 Book of Common Prayer 6270: 5943: 5913: 5694: 5659: 5579: 5538: 5523: 5158: 1774: 1552: 892: 727: 677: 20: 4108:

The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

4087:

The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

4043:

The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey

2333:

Weekly communion was uncommon in the Church of England until the

2285:

Centuries later, the 1549 prayer book would become popular among

2162:, who initially refused to wear the offensive garments to become 1909:

in the baptismal font. This sequence of prayers derives from the

1469:. For most of the Mass, congregants prayed privately, often with 907:

A Rationale, or Practical Exposition of the Book of Common-Prayer

885:, and for this reason mainly it has been described as Lutheran." 6697: 6046: 5888: 5733: 5613: 4245:

Strout, Shawn (September 2018). "Thomas Cranmer's Reform of the

4066: 3708: 3706: 2139: 1971: 1812: 1094: 841: 669: 4809: 4325: 4284:

Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America

4227:

The Age of Reformation: The Tudor and Stewart Realms, 1485–1603

5838: 5728: 4025:. Lives of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press. 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 2135: 2103:

was published in March 1550 to fill this need, replacing the

949:

was incorporated into the new prayer book largely unchanged.

4158:

Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation

3456: 3454: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2765: 2763: 1866:

At this point, the service moved inside the church near the

1372:

followed the New Testament reading. At Evening Prayer, the

4257:(3). Historical Society of the Episcopal Church: 307–324. 2913: 2911: 2909: 2833: 2831: 1053:

services was added in 1550. There was also a calendar and

676:

reformers advocated replacing Latin with English, greater

3297: 3295: 3169: 3167: 2699: 2697: 1429:. The priest offered and consecrated bread and wine on a 4890:(also called Mass, Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper) 3394: 3392: 3390: 3017: 3015: 2860: 2858: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2562: 2560: 2053:

The Order for the Burial of the Dead was focused on the

3747: 3745: 3628: 3626: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3523: 3521: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2750: 2748: 2632: 2630: 2628: 48:, variations of which are still in use as the official 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2267:

in the sacrament. Cranmer himself had already adopted

1125:

was used and Holy Communion celebrated on these days.

1117:. Before the Reformation, Wednesdays and Fridays were 811:. According to this doctrine when the priest said the 656:. In England, the Reformation began in the 1530s when 6733: 4204:

Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation, 1489-1556

965:

texts. These latter rites had the advantage of being

4183:. Springfield, Illinois, US: Templegate Publishers. 860:

explains this aspect of the prayer book as follows:

6551: 6457: 6371: 6198: 5957: 5822: 5747: 5572: 5499: 5436: 5096: 4841: 4675: 4604: 4497: 4357: 4137:(revised ed.). London: Yale University Press. 3993:. Guides to Sacred Texts. Oxford University Press. 2184:The Latin Mass and daily office traditionally used 4130: 3911: 3870:The Western Rising 1549: the Prayer Book Rebellion 2271:views on the Lord's Supper. In April 1552, a new 827:demanded some good work as a sign of contrition. 822:for two reasons. The first reason was private or 2087:When first published, the prayer book lacked an 1485:and confess their sins to a priest who assigned 1144:saints were commemorated, with the exception of 1061:were the only other books required by a priest. 606:or plainchant) for worship was contained in the 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 1915: 1898: 1881: 1821: 1804: 1703: 1689: 1664: 1077:almost unchanged. The church year started with 862: 696:. In his early days Cranmer was a conservative 3939:The First and Second Prayer Books of Edward VI 2429: 633:followed the Roman calendar for the universal 4821: 4337: 4111:. Oxford University Press. pp. 476–483. 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 1441:, the bread and wine miraculously became the 1009:on 21 January 1549, and the newly authorised 487: 8: 3971:Harrison, D.E.W.; Sansom, Michael C (1982), 2989: 2977: 2810: 2676: 2527: 1833:Baptism of thy well beloved son Jesus Christ 1354:after each reading. For Morning Prayer, the 372:History of the Puritans under King Charles I 4090:. Oxford University Press. pp. 39–43. 4046:. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–38. 1986:for prayers and to receive Holy Communion. 1527:The first part of the service was known as 1366:followed the Old Testament reading and the 6399:Communion and the developmentally disabled 4828: 4814: 4806: 4344: 4330: 4322: 4214:A New History of the Book of Common Prayer 3846:A New History of the Book of Common Prayer 3736: 3712: 3697: 3460: 3230: 3158: 3098: 2822: 2798: 2769: 2739: 2539: 2494: 2382: 1433:while reciting a long prayer known as the 1069:The prayer book preserved the seasonal or 835:, a state in which souls are punished for 739:Compared to the liturgies produced by the 582:), the Manual (the occasional services of 494: 480: 314:History of the Puritans under King James I 114: 94: 64:, the prayer book was largely the work of 558:", found in Southern England was that of 269:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I 3763: 3685: 3433: 2917: 2837: 2134:. For Holy Communion, they wore a white 2091:, the book containing the rites for the 1573:and Gospel readings assigned for the day 1455:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 6740: 3918:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press. 3799: 3644: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3286: 3218: 3173: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3045: 3021: 2727: 2703: 2648: 2619: 2602: 2590: 2578: 2566: 2470: 2397: 2326: 977:, Archbishop of Cologne; and also from 106: 4760:General Synod of the Church of England 4022:The Book of Common Prayer: A Biography 3724: 3632: 3617: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3552: 3527: 3512: 3445: 3410: 3398: 3361: 3349: 3206: 3185: 3057: 3006: 2965: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2849: 2781: 2754: 2715: 2688: 2664: 2652: 2636: 2551: 2515: 2482: 2458: 2446: 2417: 3823: 3811: 3787: 3775: 3751: 3605: 3110: 3081: 3069: 3033: 2900: 2282:to be used in worship by 1 November. 877:wrote that it was "neither Roman nor 526:), and "other rites and ceremonies". 7: 3494:from the original on 18 January 2022 3268:from the original on 18 January 2022 357:Arminianism in the Church of England 2289:. Nevertheless, Cranmer biographer 1462:priest then consumed the offering. 999:Convocations of Canterbury and York 151:Convocations of Canterbury and York 6678:Ritualism in the Church of England 4311:"The Book of Common Prayer - 1549" 3999:10.1093/oso/9780190689681.001.0001 3991:The Book of Common Prayer: A Guide 1128:The prayer book also included the 773:righteousness of Christ is claimed 586:, marriage, burial etc.), and the 14: 6266:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate 5466:List of Anglican church composers 4956:Coronation of the British monarch 4730:Worship and Doctrine Measure 1974 3667:from the original on 8 April 2022 2166:. His refusal launched the first 2057:as a pledge and guarantee of the 643:continuity in scriptural readings 465:History of the Anglican Communion 392:History of the Puritans from 1649 76:language inherited from medieval 42:) is the original version of the 6817:History of the Church of England 6779: 6767: 6755: 6743: 6716: 6614:Elizabethan Religious Settlement 4411:Episcopal Church (United States) 4181:The Anglican Spiritual Tradition 3973:Worship in the Church of England 3853:: Macmillan and Co. p. 226. 1334:and its English equivalent, the 1215:Nativity of St. John the Baptist 108:History of the Church of England 6579:Bible translations into English 5311:To Thee before the close of day 5040:Seven Last Words from the Cross 4317:. Society of Archbishop Justus. 4273:Liturgies of the Western church 4212:Procter, F; Frere, W H (1965), 3872:, Tiverton: Westcountry Books, 2095:of deacons and priests and the 1982:. The couple then moved to the 1425:The entire service was said in 796:Mass was the sacrifice of Jesus 755:contributed to an individual's 5268:Benedictus (Song of Zechariah) 4251:Anglican and Episcopal History 1802:church door with these words: 1726:The service ended as follows: 1697:by Christ himself." Historian 1296:for the daily office followed 546:. The priest said or sang the 238:Elizabethan Church (1558–1603) 183:Dissolution of the Monasteries 1: 3413:, p. 34 and footnote 17. 1507:Anglican eucharistic theology 1449:according to the doctrine of 1013:was required to be in use by 741:continental Reformed churches 60:churches. Written during the 6449:Thanksgiving after Communion 6253:Divine Worship: Daily Office 5791:Directory for Public Worship 5764:Book of Alternative Services 5293:O God, make speed to save us 4588:The Holy Eucharist: Rite Two 4573:Book of Alternative Services 4526:Directory for Public Worship 4449:Episcopal Church of Scotland 4281:Winship, Michael P. (2018). 2158:. This requirement offended 1935:also included a service for 1777:. A priest would perform an 1739:sentences sung by the clerks 1531:. It progressed as follows: 1401:Before the Reformation, the 1148:. Other feasts, such as the 1073:calendar of the traditional 1057:, which meant a Bible and a 761:justification by faith alone 309:James I and religious issues 146:Religion in Medieval England 16:1st Anglican liturgical book 5364:Glory to God in the highest 3956:. Oxford University Press. 2220:Book of Common Prayer noted 2200:. Cranmer preferred simple 1884:the life everlasting. Amen. 1582:sermon or reading from the 1437:. When the priest said the 1236:St. Bartholomew the Apostle 939:The Order of the Communion. 897:The compilers of the first 350:Caroline period (1625–1649) 302:Jacobean period (1603–1625) 6833: 6404:Communion under both kinds 6246:Divine Worship: The Missal 2430:Harrison & Sansom 1982 2301:within their worship. The 2177: 2170:in the Church of England. 2080: 1960:laid his hands on the head 1927:Confirmation and catechism 1879:, with the priest saying: 1750: 1504: 1495:communion under both kinds 1314:Morning and evening prayer 1121:. In the prayer book, the 947:The Order of the Communion 943:communion under both kinds 889:Drafting and authorisation 540:medieval church in England 512:morning and evening prayer 6711: 6041:Feast of the Annunciation 5807:Revised Common Lectionary 5461:Great Four Anglican Hymns 5011:Mass of the Presanctified 4999:Mass of the Lord's Supper 4566:The Anglican Service Book 4434:Anglican Church of Canada 4352:Anglican liturgical books 4287:. Yale University Press. 4199:Pollard, Albert Frederick 4161:. Yale University Press. 3989:Hefling, Charles (2021). 3893:, Yale University Press, 2651:, p. 220) quoted in 2303:Scottish Episcopal Church 1978:to the marriage, and the 668:and the authority of the 618:for the offices, and the 590:(services conducted by a 6161:Feast of Christ the King 5471:List of Anglican hymnals 4740:Hampton Court Conference 4540:Alternative Service Book 4489:1845 illuminated version 4484:1843 illustrated version 4399:Liturgy of Comprehension 3868:Caraman, Philip (1994), 2990:Procter & Frere 1965 2978:Procter & Frere 1965 2811:Procter & Frere 1965 2677:Procter & Frere 1965 2528:Procter & Frere 1965 1522:turning his back to them 1322:, which were reduced to 969:but not Roman Catholic. 818:Protestants opposed the 743:in the same period, the 690:Archbishop of Canterbury 566:were to be found in the 455:Disestablishmentarianism 324:Hampton Court Conference 141:Anglo-Saxon Christianity 6723:Christianity portal 6509:Origin of the Eucharist 6328:Liturgy of Saint Tikhon 5396:Prayer of Humble Access 5083:Nine Lessons and Carols 4270:Thompson, Bard (1961). 2034:reserving the sacrament 1717:Prayer of Humble Access 1285:St. John the Evangelist 1252:St. Luke the Evangelist 1195:St. Mark the Evangelist 506:The complete title was 170:Reformation (1509–1559) 156:Development of dioceses 25:Title page of the 1549 6373:Eucharistic discipline 6239:Book of Divine Worship 6205:Western Rite Orthodoxy 4972:Exhortation and Litany 4966:Dedication of a church 4509:Exhortation and Litany 4498:Other liturgical books 4207:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 4133:Thomas Cranmer: A Life 3048:, pp. 97–98, 101. 2020:Visitation of the sick 1924: 1913:, and it begins with: 1903: 1886: 1837: 1809: 1792:unconditional election 1753:Baptismal regeneration 1742:prayer of thanksgiving 1708: 1694: 1672: 1603:toward the world, and 1585:First Book of Homilies 1518:faced the congregation 1417:in which forgiveness, 1270:St. Andrew the Apostle 1246:Michael and All Angels 1169:conversion of St. Paul 1161:Circumcision of Christ 1035:visitation of the sick 919:Exhortation and Litany 909: 867: 736: 289:Marprelate Controversy 284:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 178:Reformation Parliament 134:Middle Ages (597–1500) 29: 6807:Book of Common Prayer 6703:Vestments controversy 6657:The Parson's Handbook 6619:Prayer Book Rebellion 6589:Choral Evensong (BBC) 6363:Stations of the Cross 5777:The Books of Homilies 5758:Book of Common Prayer 5144:General Intercessions 4905:Anointing of the sick 4869:(Vespers or Evensong) 4862:Prayer During the Day 4775:Vestarian controversy 4770:Prayer Book Rebellion 4580:Book of Common Prayer 4360:Book of Common Prayer 3942:. Everyman's Library. 3660:Book of Common Prayer 3487:Book of Common Prayer 3261:Book of Common Prayer 2279:Book of Common Prayer 2256:Peter Martyr Vermigli 2249:Prayer Book Rebellion 2236:Book of Common Prayer 2180:Anglican church music 2178:Further information: 2168:vestments controversy 2055:resurrection of Jesus 2027:anointing of the sick 1933:Book of Common Prayer 1751:Further information: 1505:Further information: 1467:eucharistic adoration 1230:St. James the Apostle 1039:purification of women 1011:Book of Common Prayer 928:Book of Common Prayer 899:Book of Common Prayer 896: 745:Book of Common Prayer 731: 666:Roman Catholic Church 652:was a product of the 650:Book of Common Prayer 645:throughout the year. 564:Book of Common Prayer 440:Bangorian Controversy 408:Book of Common Prayer 330:Book of Common Prayer 274:Vestments controversy 264:The Books of Homilies 247:Book of Common Prayer 207:Book of Common Prayer 194:Book of Common Prayer 84:Book of Common Prayer 45:Book of Common Prayer 35:Book of Common Prayer 27:Book of Common Prayer 24: 6604:Convergence Movement 6543:Thirty-nine Articles 6343:Personal ordinariate 6303:Ecclesiastical Latin 5347:Words of Institution 5342:Memorial Acclamation 5196:The Lord be with you 4750:Westminster Assembly 4713:1663 Explanation Act 4216:, St. Martin's Press 4127:MacCulloch, Diarmaid 4065:(revised ed.). 4063:The Study of Liturgy 3841:Frere, Walter Howard 2164:bishop of Gloucester 2005:of the wedding. The 1815:'s deliverance from 1677:words of institution 1567:collect for the king 1549:psalm sung by clerks 1489:and then pronounced 1439:words of institution 1097:and was followed by 1093:began the season of 1081:and was followed by 924:invocation of saints 881:; still less was it 824:auricular confession 820:sacrament of penance 813:words of institution 538:worship in the late 397:Westminster Assembly 254:Thirty-nine Articles 6812:English Reformation 6668:Prayer for the dead 6636:Liturgical Movement 6609:English Reformation 6574:Anglican sacraments 6444:Spiritual Communion 6134:(some churches use 6022:Baptism of the Lord 5406:Lift up your hearts 5248:Trinitarian formula 4725:1874 Regulation Act 4315:justus.anglican.org 4177:Moorman, John R. H. 3715:, pp. 330–331. 3688:, pp. 340–341. 3436:, pp. 324–325. 3340:, pp. 102–103. 3289:, pp. 108–110. 2968:, pp. 319–320. 2932:, pp. 314–315. 2825:, pp. 404–407. 2461:, pp. 309–312. 2291:Diarmaid MacCulloch 2224:collegiate churches 2130:Priests still wore 2067:prayer for the dead 1757:Anglican sacraments 1699:Diarmaid MacCulloch 1457:). The priest then 1411:Christ on the cross 1332:Hours of the Virgin 1065:Liturgical calendar 854:prayer for the dead 848:and especially the 759:. The doctrines of 672:. For the liturgy, 654:English Reformation 445:Evangelical Revival 259:Convocation of 1563 62:English Reformation 6641:Millenary Petition 6569:Anglican devotions 6564:Anglican Communion 6504:Liturgical colours 6439:Reserved sacrament 6175:Principal Holy Day 5849:Baptismal clothing 5797:Edwardine Ordinals 5700:Processional cross 5573:Liturgical objects 5359:Collect for Purity 5169:Laying on of hands 5139:Episcopal blessing 5045:Three Hours' Agony 5016:Good Friday Prayer 4961:Churching of women 4780:Millenary Petition 4683:Acts of Uniformity 4515:Edwardine Ordinals 3948:Haigh, Christopher 2265:spiritual presence 2190:exclusive psalmody 2083:Edwardine Ordinals 1907:blessing the water 1877:baptismal clothing 1733:sung by the clerks 1712:general confession 1675:the petition, the 1564:collect of the day 1541:Collect for Purity 1451:transubstantiation 1289:Holy Innocents Day 1277:Thomas the Apostle 1134:calendar of saints 935:Sacrament Act 1547 910: 809:transubstantiation 737: 718:Heinrich Bullinger 612:for the Mass, the 460:Prayer Book Crisis 337:King James Version 319:Millenary Petition 214:Forty-two Articles 201:Edwardine Ordinals 30: 6731: 6730: 6594:Christian liturgy 6281:Blessed Sacrament 6228:Anglican Breviary 6200:Anglo-Catholicism 6143: 5832: 5705:Sacramental bread 5491:Voluntary (music) 5243:Sign of the cross 5223:Processional hymn 5218:Priestly Blessing 5071:Banns of marriage 4891: 4878: 4870: 4857: 4803: 4802: 4504:Church of England 4480:Special printings 4369:Church of England 4294:978-0-300-12628-0 4276:. Meridian Books. 4237:978-1-315-27214-6 4118:978-0-19-529756-0 4097:978-0-19-529756-0 4076:978-0-19-520922-8 4053:978-0-19-529756-0 3963:978-0-19-822162-3 3925:978-0-300-10828-6 3790:, pp. 131ff. 3448:, pp. 34–35. 3188:, pp. 30–31. 3084:, pp. 16–17. 2956:, pp. 26–27. 2593:, pp. 23–24. 2581:, pp. 24–25. 2473:, pp. 20–21. 2315:Anglican doctrine 2273:Act of Uniformity 2146:. Bishops wore a 1660:sign of the cross 1435:canon of the Mass 1007:Act of Uniformity 971:Cardinal Quiñones 846:praying to saints 712:theologians like 662:Church of England 504: 503: 121:Westminster Abbey 54:Church of England 6824: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6759: 6748: 6747: 6739: 6721: 6720: 6673:Reformed worship 6663:Paschal greeting 6646:Ornaments Rubric 6524:Passion of Jesus 6482:Ex opere operato 6424:Host desecration 6394:Church etiquette 6136:Pentecost Season 6133: 5826: 5749:Liturgical books 5481:Metrical psalter 5428:Ten Commandments 5411:Holy, Holy, Holy 5263:Athanasian Creed 5228:Recessional hymn 4922:Christian burial 4889: 4876: 4868: 4855: 4836:Anglican liturgy 4830: 4823: 4816: 4807: 4790:Nonjuring schism 4755:Savoy Conference 4745:Caroline Divines 4346: 4339: 4332: 4323: 4318: 4298: 4277: 4266: 4241: 4217: 4208: 4194: 4172: 4148: 4136: 4122: 4101: 4080: 4057: 4036: 4012: 3985: 3975:, London: SPCK, 3967: 3943: 3929: 3917: 3903: 3882: 3855: 3854: 3837:Procter, Francis 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3556: 3550: 3531: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3481: 3464: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3255: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3010: 3004: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2623: 2617: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2386: 2383:MacCulloch (1996 2380: 2374: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2099:of bishops. The 1949:Ten Commandments 1888:The priest then 1843: 1686: 1501:Reformed service 1308:1662 prayer book 979:Andreas Osiander 975:Hermann von Wied 496: 489: 482: 420:Nonjuring schism 402:Savoy Conference 362:Caroline Divines 118: 95: 6832: 6831: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6754: 6742: 6734: 6732: 6727: 6715: 6707: 6651:Oxford Movement 6584:Canonical hours 6547: 6528:salvific nature 6519:Paschal mystery 6476:Blood of Christ 6453: 6367: 6261:Anglican Missal 6218:Altar of repose 6202: 6194: 6185:Lesser Festival 6170:Principal Feast 6147:All Saints' Day 6087:Paschal Triduum 5961: 5959:Liturgical year 5953: 5818: 5770:Sunday Services 5743: 5584:communion table 5568: 5495: 5486:Service (music) 5456:Fraction anthem 5432: 5112:Apostles' Creed 5092: 5028:Solemn Collects 4867:Evening Prayer 4854:Morning Prayer 4837: 4834: 4804: 4799: 4795:Oxford Movement 4736:Revising groups 4671: 4600: 4595:Sunday Services 4559:Anglican Missal 4493: 4469:Church in Wales 4353: 4350: 4309: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4280: 4269: 4244: 4238: 4220: 4211: 4197: 4191: 4175: 4169: 4153:Marshall, Peter 4151: 4145: 4125: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4060: 4054: 4039: 4033: 4015: 4009: 3988: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3946: 3932: 3926: 3906: 3901: 3885: 3880: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3743: 3737:MacCulloch 1996 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3713:MacCulloch 1996 3711: 3704: 3698:MacCulloch 1996 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3559: 3551: 3534: 3526: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3483: 3482: 3467: 3461:MacCulloch 1996 3459: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3257: 3256: 3237: 3231:MacCulloch 1996 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3165: 3159:MacCulloch 1996 3157: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3113:, pp. 464. 3109: 3105: 3099:MacCulloch 1996 3097: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3040: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3013: 3005: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2916: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2829: 2823:MacCulloch 1996 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2799:MacCulloch 1996 2797: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2770:MacCulloch 1996 2768: 2761: 2753: 2746: 2740:MacCulloch 1996 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2655:, p. 315). 2647: 2643: 2635: 2626: 2618: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2540:MacCulloch 1996 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2501: 2495:MacCulloch 1996 2493: 2489: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2445: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2311: 2287:Anglo-Catholics 2232: 2182: 2176: 2128: 2119:laying on hands 2085: 2079: 2051: 2022: 1968: 1929: 1892:the child with 1861:Apostles' Creed 1841: 1759: 1749: 1684: 1617:Matthew 6:19–20 1597:united with him 1509: 1503: 1447:blood of Christ 1405:was called the 1399: 1394: 1344:canonical hours 1316: 1299:lectio continua 1266:All Saints' Day 1146:All Saints' Day 1087:Epiphany season 1067: 1031:Use of Hereford 1023: 903:Anthony Sparrow 891: 726: 700:and admirer of 631:liturgical year 532: 500: 471: 470: 469: 450:Oxford Movement 434: 426: 425: 424: 386: 378: 377: 376: 351: 343: 342: 341: 303: 295: 294: 293: 240: 230: 229: 228: 172: 162: 161: 160: 135: 127: 93: 50:liturgical book 17: 12: 11: 5: 6830: 6828: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6776: 6764: 6752: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6693:Thomas Cranmer 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6631:Latitudinarian 6628: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6521: 6516: 6506: 6501: 6494: 6492:means of grace 6485: 6478: 6469: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6434:Open communion 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6388:Versus populum 6377: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6308:English Missal 6305: 6300: 6295: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6157:Stir-up Sunday 6154: 6149: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6107: 6106: 6105: 6084: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6063:Passion Sunday 6060: 6058:Laetare Sunday 6055: 6043: 6038: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6007: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5988: 5987: 5986: 5984:Gaudete Sunday 5981: 5968: 5966: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5919:Pectoral cross 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5854:Canterbury cap 5851: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5799: 5794: 5787: 5784:Common Worship 5780: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5753: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5719:Sanctuary lamp 5716: 5711: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5633: 5631:Baptismal font 5628: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Anglican chant 5442: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5376: 5371: 5369:Holy Communion 5366: 5361: 5356: 5354:Bidding-prayer 5351: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5307: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 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4550: 4547:Common Worship 4543: 4536: 4533:English Missal 4529: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4305: 4304:External links 4302: 4300: 4299: 4293: 4278: 4267: 4242: 4236: 4218: 4209: 4195: 4189: 4173: 4168:978-0300170627 4167: 4149: 4143: 4123: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4081: 4075: 4058: 4052: 4037: 4031: 4013: 4007: 3986: 3981: 3968: 3962: 3944: 3930: 3924: 3904: 3899: 3883: 3878: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3828: 3826:, p. 472. 3816: 3814:, p. 179. 3804: 3792: 3780: 3778:, p. 470. 3768: 3766:, p. 339. 3756: 3754:, p. 174. 3741: 3739:, p. 410. 3729: 3717: 3702: 3700:, p. 331. 3690: 3678: 3649: 3637: 3622: 3610: 3608:, p. 466. 3598: 3586: 3574: 3557: 3532: 3517: 3505: 3465: 3463:, p. 415. 3450: 3438: 3415: 3403: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3328:, p. 113. 3318: 3316:, p. 112. 3306: 3304:, p. 111. 3291: 3279: 3235: 3233:, p. 413. 3223: 3221:, p. 107. 3211: 3190: 3178: 3176:, p. 106. 3163: 3161:, p. 386. 3151: 3149:, p. 103. 3139: 3137:, p. 105. 3127: 3115: 3103: 3101:, p. 412. 3086: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3038: 3026: 3011: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2958: 2946: 2944:, p. 319. 2934: 2922: 2920:, p. 325. 2905: 2903:, p. 465. 2893: 2891:, p. 315. 2881: 2879:, p. 476. 2869: 2867:, p. 477. 2854: 2842: 2840:, p. 324. 2827: 2815: 2803: 2801:, p. 414. 2786: 2774: 2772:, p. 417. 2759: 2744: 2742:, p. 385. 2732: 2720: 2708: 2706:, p. 102. 2693: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2641: 2624: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2556: 2544: 2542:, p. 418. 2532: 2520: 2499: 2487: 2475: 2463: 2451: 2434: 2422: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2375: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2310: 2307: 2231: 2228: 2175: 2172: 2127: 2124: 2110:sola scriptura 2081:Main article: 2078: 2075: 2050: 2047: 2021: 2018: 1967: 1964: 1928: 1925: 1911:Mozarabic Rite 1872:Baptismal vows 1868:baptismal font 1846:minor exorcism 1779:infant baptism 1765:and that only 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1649:bidding prayer 1589: 1588: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561:sung by clerks 1556: 1555:sung by clerks 1550: 1543: 1538: 1529:ante-Communion 1502: 1499: 1415:means of grace 1398: 1395: 1393: 1392:Holy Communion 1390: 1328:Evening Prayer 1315: 1312: 1304:moveable feast 1293: 1292: 1273: 1263: 1249: 1239: 1233: 1226:Mary Magdalene 1222: 1208: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1172: 1154:Corpus Christi 1115:Trinity Sunday 1066: 1063: 1022: 1019: 994:Chertsey Abbey 959:Greek Orthodox 890: 887: 875:Albert Pollard 871:House of Lords 765:predestination 733:Thomas Cranmer 725: 722: 686:Thomas Cranmer 660:separated the 602:). The chant ( 531: 528: 524:holy communion 502: 501: 499: 498: 491: 484: 476: 473: 472: 468: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 436: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 423: 422: 417: 415:Great Ejection 412: 404: 399: 394: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 375: 374: 369: 364: 359: 353: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 340: 339: 334: 326: 321: 316: 311: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 296: 292: 291: 286: 281: 279:Richard Hooker 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 242: 241: 236: 235: 232: 231: 227: 226: 221: 216: 211: 203: 198: 190: 188:Thomas Cranmer 185: 180: 174: 173: 168: 167: 164: 163: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 119: 111: 110: 104: 103: 92: 89: 66:Thomas Cranmer 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6829: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6737: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6626:John Merbecke 6624: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6599:Churchmanship 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6533:Real presence 6531: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6318:Hymns to Mary 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6190:Commemoration 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6099:Holy Saturday 6096: 6092: 6091:Holy Thursday 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6053:Ash Wednesday 6051: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6003:Midnight Mass 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5992:Christmastide 5989: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5979:Advent Sunday 5977: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5640:Communion cup 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5418:Sign of peace 5416: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5299:Phos hilarion 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5288:Nunc dimittis 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259:Divine Office 5258: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5201:Lord's Prayer 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4900:Advent wreath 4898: 4895: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4875:Night Prayer 4873: 4871: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4831: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:Bishops' Wars 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657:William White 4655: 4653: 4652:William Smith 4650: 4648: 4647:Samuel Clarke 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4622:John Merbecke 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4190:0-87243-139-8 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4144:9780300226577 4140: 4135: 4134: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4032:9780691191782 4028: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4008:9780190689681 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3982:0-281-03843-0 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3934:Gibson, E.C.S 3931: 3927: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3900:0-300-09825-1 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3879:1-898386-03-X 3875: 3871: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3764:Marshall 2017 3760: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3727:, p. 40. 3726: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686:Marshall 2017 3682: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3650: 3647:, p. 28. 3646: 3641: 3638: 3635:, p. 38. 3634: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3620:, p. 42. 3619: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3596:, p. 36. 3595: 3590: 3587: 3584:, p. 39. 3583: 3578: 3575: 3572:, p. 40. 3571: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3555:, p. 36. 3554: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3530:, p. 35. 3529: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3515:, p. 35. 3514: 3509: 3506: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434:Marshall 2017 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3401:, p. 34. 3400: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3364:, p. 34. 3363: 3358: 3355: 3352:, p. 25. 3351: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3280: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3209:, p. 32. 3208: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3125:, p. 12. 3124: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3072:, p. 14. 3071: 3066: 3063: 3060:, p. 18. 3059: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3036:, p. 16. 3035: 3030: 3027: 3024:, p. 18. 3023: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3009:, p. 31. 3008: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2992:, p. 34. 2991: 2986: 2983: 2980:, p. 27. 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918:Marshall 2017 2914: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2838:Marshall 2017 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2816: 2813:, p. 47. 2812: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2784:, p. 27. 2783: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2757:, p. 23. 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2730:, p. 25. 2729: 2724: 2721: 2718:, p. 17. 2717: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2682: 2679:, p. 31. 2678: 2673: 2670: 2667:, p. 13. 2666: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649:Pollard (1905 2645: 2642: 2639:, p. 38. 2638: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2622:, p. 26. 2621: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2605:, p. 22. 2604: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2569:, p. 98. 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2554:, p. 30. 2553: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2530:, p. 45. 2529: 2524: 2521: 2518:, p. 28. 2517: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2497:, p. 60. 2496: 2491: 2488: 2485:, p. 10. 2484: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2452: 2449:, p. 39. 2448: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2432:, p. 29. 2431: 2426: 2423: 2420:, p. 26. 2419: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2384: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2335:Victorian Era 2330: 2327: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2280: 2275:authorised a 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2237: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216:John Merbecke 2213: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2154:over a white 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2063:glorification 2060: 2056: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997:of Galilee." 1996: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1980:marriage vows 1977: 1973: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1897: 1896:oil, saying: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1741: 1738: 1737:postcommunion 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1681: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1593:Christ's love 1587: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Lord's Prayer 1534: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1508: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475:book of hours 1472: 1468: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1397:Medieval Mass 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1381:Nunc dimittis 1377: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:daily offices 1313: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:New Testament 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107:Ascensiontide 1104: 1103:Easter season 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091:Ash Wednesday 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:Ash Wednesday 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 920: 915: 908: 904: 900: 895: 888: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 834: 828: 825: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 771:by which the 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 746: 742: 734: 730: 723: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 620:Processionale 617: 616: 611: 610: 609:Roman Gradual 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 580:daily offices 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 542:followed the 541: 537: 534:The forms of 529: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 497: 492: 490: 485: 483: 478: 477: 475: 474: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 430: 429: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 409: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 382: 381: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 347: 346: 338: 335: 333: 331: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 299: 298: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 248: 244: 243: 239: 234: 233: 225: 224:Marian exiles 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 208: 204: 202: 199: 197: 195: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 171: 166: 165: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 138: 131: 130: 126: 122: 117: 113: 112: 109: 105: 101: 97: 96: 90: 88: 86: 85: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 46: 41: 37: 36: 28: 23: 19: 6762:Christianity 6655: 6538:Receptionism 6496: 6480: 6467:Black Rubric 6419:Genuflection 6386: 6380: 6313:Humeral veil 6251: 6244: 6237: 6233:Anglican Use 6139: 6135: 6128: 6109: 6074: 6045: 6033: 6011:Epiphanytide 6009: 5990: 5971: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5756: 5739:Wedding ring 5512:altar server 5500:Participants 5476:Mass (music) 5374:Nicene Creed 5309: 5297: 5054: 5050:Easter Vigil 5021:for the Jews 5004:Foot washing 4970: 4951:Consecration 4939:Confirmation 4884: 4849:Daily Office 4667:Walter Frere 4637:Jenny Geddes 4632:Matthew Wren 4627:William Laud 4617:Martin Bucer 4593: 4586: 4579: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4545: 4538: 4531: 4524: 4507: 4398: 4373: 4358: 4314: 4283: 4272: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4226: 4213: 4203: 4180: 4157: 4132: 4107: 4086: 4062: 4042: 4021: 4017:Jacobs, Alan 3990: 3972: 3952: 3938: 3913: 3908:Duffy, Eamon 3890: 3887:Duffy, Eamon 3869: 3861:Bibliography 3844: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3800:Caraman 1994 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3732: 3720: 3693: 3681: 3669:. Retrieved 3659: 3652: 3645:Moorman 1983 3640: 3613: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3508: 3496:. Retrieved 3486: 3441: 3406: 3357: 3345: 3338:Hefling 2021 3333: 3326:Hefling 2021 3321: 3314:Hefling 2021 3309: 3302:Hefling 2021 3287:Hefling 2021 3282: 3270:. 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pray 5164:Lamb of God 5122:O Antiphons 4994:Chrism Mass 4934:Commination 4582:(Unitarian) 4249:Calendar". 4222:Ryrie, Alec 3725:Leaver 2006 3633:Jeanes 2006 3618:Jacobs 2013 3594:Jacobs 2013 3582:Jacobs 2013 3570:Jacobs 2013 3553:Jeanes 2006 3528:Jeanes 2006 3513:Jacobs 2013 3446:Jacobs 2013 3411:Jacobs 2013 3399:Jeanes 2006 3362:Jacobs 2013 3350:Jeanes 2006 3272:25 February 3207:Jeanes 2006 3186:Jacobs 2013 3058:Jacobs 2013 3007:Jeanes 2006 2966:Strout 2018 2954:Jacobs 2013 2942:Strout 2018 2930:Strout 2018 2889:Strout 2018 2877:Leonel 2006 2865:Leonel 2006 2850:Gibson 1910 2782:Jeanes 2006 2755:Jeanes 2006 2716:Jacobs 2013 2689:Jacobs 2013 2665:Jacobs 2013 2637:Jacobs 2013 2552:Jeanes 2006 2516:Jeanes 2006 2483:Jacobs 2013 2459:Strout 2018 2447:Leaver 2006 2418:Jeanes 2006 2160:John Hooper 2014:fornication 1976:impediments 1796:predestined 1656:Last Supper 1520:instead of 1479:side altars 1431:stone altar 1291:in December 1281:St. Stephen 1272:in November 1242:St. Matthew 1185:in 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