Books of Samuel - Knowledge (XXG)

1551:. However, he will hide in a field and Jonathan will tell Saul that David has returned to Bethlehem for a sacrifice. If the king accepts this, he is not trying to kill him, but if he becomes angry, he is. Jonathan devises a code to relay this information to David: he will come to the stone Ezel, shoot three arrows at it and tell a page to find them. If he tells the page the arrows are on his side of the stone, David can come to him, but if he tells them they are beyond the stone, he must run away. When Jonathan puts the plan into action, Saul attempts to kill him with his spear. Jonathan relays this to David using his code and the two weep as they are separated. 1804:, Abner offers to join David, which David accepts as long as he brings Michal with him. At the same time, David sends a petition to Ish-bosheth for the return of Michal, which Ish-bosheth agrees to. Patiel follows her crying until he is told to return home. Following the return of Michal, Abner agrees to get the elders of Israel to agree to make David king. Joab believes Abner was lying in his purpose of coming to David and, after recalling him to Hebron, kills him in revenge for Asahel. David curses Joab's family to always contain a leper, someone disabled or someone hungry. He then holds a funeral for Abner. 2240: 2723:, acts as a judge, and is a perfect leader who never makes mistakes. Samuel's successful defense of the Israelites against their enemies demonstrates that they have no need for a king (who will, moreover, introduce inequality), yet despite this the people demand a king. But the king they are given is Yahweh's gift, and Samuel explains that kingship can be a blessing rather than a curse if they remain faithful to their God. On the other hand, total destruction of both king and people will result if they turn to wickedness. 1325:, sin against God's laws and the people, specifically by demanding raw rather than boiled meat for sacrifice and having sex with the tabernacle's serving women. But the child Samuel grows up "in the presence of the Lord": his family visits him each year, bringing a new coat for him, and Hannah has five more children. Eli tries to persuade his sons to stop their wickedness, but fails. As punishment for this, a holy man arrives, prophesying that Eli's family will be cut off and none of his descendants will see old age. 1022: 1159: 39: 2558:, Saul's daughter, who later acts to protect David against Saul. David eventually gains two new wives as a result of threatening to raid a village, and Michal is redistributed to another husband. At a later point, David finds himself seeking sanctuary amongst the Philistine army and facing the Israelites as an enemy. David is incensed that anyone should have killed Saul, even as an act of mercy, since Saul was anointed by Samuel, and has the individual responsible, an 1640:, hears of this, she takes a large amount of supplies to David herself. This turns out to be at exactly the right moment, since David had just threatened to kill everyone in Nabal's home. Abigail begs for mercy, and David agrees, praising her wisdom. That night Nabal has a feast, so Abigail waits until morning to tell him what she has done. He has a heart attack and dies ten days later. David marries Abigail and a woman from 2659: 1715:, they find it sacked by the Amalekites, and David's wives taken captive. After seeking God's advice, David decides to pursue the raiding Amalekites, finding the Egyptian slave of one, abandoned when he became ill, who can show them the band. When they are located and found to be feasting, David fights all day, with only 400 escaping on camels. David recovers everything and returns to the 2100:, and David's allies bring his army food, given his army is tired and exhausted after its time in the wilderness. David divides his army into thirds: one led by Joab, one led by Abishai and one led by Ittai. David intends to come out with his men, but his generals veto it. He decides to stay at the city, and instructs his generals to be gentle with Absalom. The battle is fought in the 4246: 4232: 2395:(6th century BC) and the work was substantially complete by about 550 BC. Further editing was apparently done even after then. For example, A. Graeme Auld, Professor of Hebrew Bible at the University of Edinburgh, contends that the silver quarter-shekel which Saul's servant offers to Samuel in 1 Samuel 9 "almost certainly fixes the date of this story in the Persian or 2081:

Absalom, so Absalom pitches a tent on the palace roof and does this in the view of all the Israelites. Ahitophel then suggests launching a sneak attack on David with 12,000 men. Hushai points out that David and his men are fighters, and that they could defeat the men, reducing morale. He suggests Absalom form a much larger army and lead it into battle himself.

2528:. This source first describes Samuel as decisively ridding the people of the Philistines, and begrudgingly appointing an individual chosen by God to be king, namely Saul. David is described as someone renowned for his skill at playing the harp, and consequently summoned to Saul's court to calm his moods. Saul's son Jonathan becomes friends with David, which 2104:. This proves to be a victory for David, in part because of the treacherous terrain. As Absalom meets David's men, he passes under a tree. His long hair gets caught in the tree and he is hanged. Joab gets word of this, finds him and plunges three javelins into his heart, killing him. Joab declares the battle over and buries Absalom. Absalom's monument is 1517:

in marriage and exemption from taxes for the killer's family and tells Saul he will kill Goliath. Saul wants him to wear his armour, but David finds he cannot because he is not used to it. Seeing David's youth, Goliath begins to curse him. David slings a stone into Goliath's forehead, and Goliath dies. David cuts off Goliath's head with Goliath's sword.

2550:. This source begins with the divinely appointed birth of Samuel. It then describes Saul as leading a war against the Ammonites, being chosen by the people to be king, and leading them against the Philistines. David is described as a shepherd boy arriving at the battlefield to aid his brothers, and is overheard by Saul, leading to David challenging 1179: 1973:, Joab has gained control of the water supply. Joab invites David to finish capturing the city so that it may be named after himself. David gathers an army and travels up himself. He wins a victory, crowns himself king of the Ammonites, takes a large amount of plunder and puts the Ammonites into forced labour before returning to Jerusalem. 1885:, a prophet, agrees. However, that night Nathan has a dream in which God informs him that David should not build him a temple for three reasons. Firstly, God has not commanded it, and has never complained about living in a tent before. Secondly, God is still working to build David and his house up and establish the Israelites in the 1449:

the proper laws can be observed. When a priest suggests asking God before launching another attack, God is silent, leading Saul to set up a pseudo-legal procedure to ascertain whose fault it is that God has abandoned them. The lot falls on Jonathan, but the men refuse to let him be executed since he is the reason for their victory.

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chances to seize the throne by violence. As God's chosen king over Israel, David is also the son of God ("I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me..." – 2 Samuel 7:14). God enters into an eternal covenant (treaty) with David and his line, promising divine protection of the dynasty and of Jerusalem through all time.

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his men to start mourning as well, causing Joab to enter his tent in an attempt to talk sense into him. Joab points out that the battle has saved not only David's life, but the lives of his wives and concubines, and thus it is humiliating for the men to have to mourn for the enemy. David agrees to come out and encourage the men.

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clemency. Mephibosheth also comes to David, and explains the earlier situation: he had wanted to come with David and had told Ziba to saddle his donkeys, but Ziba had betrayed and slandered him. David offers to allow him and Ziba to split the land, but Mephibosheth allows Ziba to take the lot in celebration of David's triumph.

2093:, where they receive the message. Unfortunately, one of Absalom's spies sees them so they have to hide in a well in Bahurim. The well's owner's wife hides them and lies to Absalom's men that they have crossed the brook. After Absalom's men are gone, the pair make it to King David and he manages to cross the Jordan in time. 1958:

poor man's lamb and cooked it. David angrily insists the rich man be put to death, but Nathan tells him he is the man, saying he has committed a sin to get something he already had plenty of (wives), and prophesies that his family will be gripped by violence, and someone will have affairs with his wives publicly.

2147:, a stronghold of Sheba's rebellion, and begin to lay siege to it. A wise woman asks them why they want to destroy the city, and Joab responds they don't want to destroy it, but merely end Sheba's rebellion. The wise woman cuts off Sheba's head and throws it to Joab from the city walls, thus ending the siege. 2466:

of the second millennium BC and the Book of Deuteronomy itself, far before the time of Josiah. The alternative view is that it is difficult to determine when the events of Samuel were recorded: "There are no particularly persuasive reasons to date the sources used by the compiler later than the early

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Back in Jerusalem, David begins to sort out the issues that were caused by his absence. First, he puts the ten concubines who were left behind into a guarded house and gives them pensions but does not sleep with them, allowing them to live the rest of their lives as widows. He then begins to sort out

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After the woman admits that Joab put her up to this, David agrees to allow Absalom back to Jerusalem, but insists he does not come to the palace. Absalom becomes popular in Jerusalem due to his good looks. His family also grows during this time. Two years pass without Absalom being recalled to court.

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David repents, and Nathan tells him that while he is forgiven and will not die, his son with Bathsheba will. The child becomes ill, and David spends his time fasting and praying, but to no avail, because the child dies. David's attendants are scared to tell him the news, worried about what he may do.

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Once again Saul tries to kill David with his spear, and so David decides to escape, lowered out of a window by Michal, who then takes an idol, covers it in clothes and places goat's hair on its head to cover David's escape. David visits Samuel. When Saul finds this out, he sends men to capture David,

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donkeys have been found and his father is now worrying about him, as well as describing a series of signs Saul will see on the way home. Saul begins to prophesy when he meets some prophets, confusing his neighbours. Eventually, Samuel publicly announces Saul as king, although not without controversy.

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This view of late compilation for Samuel has faced serious scholarly opposition on the basis that evidence for the Deuteronimistic history is scant, and that Deuteronimistic advocates are not in consensus as to the origin and extent of the History. Secondly, the basic theological concerns identified

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run to tell David the news of his victory and his son's death. Ahimaaz declares the victory, but is not sure yet what the situation with Absalom is. The Cushite bears the same news, but also tells David that Absalom is dead. David begins to mourn, wishing he had died instead of Absalom. This prompts

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succeeds him. David sends condolences, but the Ammonites suspect his ambassadors are spies and humiliate them before sending them back to David. When they realise their mistake, they fear retaliation from David and amass an army from the surrounding tribes. When he hears that they are doing this, he

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is raging on and, as Samuel said, the Philistines are winning. Saul's three sons have been killed, and he himself has been wounded by arrows. Saul asks his armor-bearer to run his sword through him rather than let him be captured by the Philistines, but does it himself when the armor-bearer refuses.

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emerges, challenging any Israelite to one-on-one combat, with the loser's people becoming subject to the winner. David goes to take food to his brothers in the Israelite camp, learns of the situation and the reward Saul is willing to give to the person who kills him great wealth, his daughter's hand

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Another war then occurs with the Philistines. In the first battle, Abishai kills Ishbi-benob, a Philistine who had sworn to kill David, which leads to David's army refusing to let him fight alongside them again for his own protection. The second battle takes place at Gob, and this time Sibbekai the

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David invites his host in Mahanaim, Barzillai, to return to Jerusalem with him, but Barzillai protests on the basis that he is now eighty years old and thus will gain no enjoyment from coming. He gives David his servant Kimham in his place, and David promises to look after him. A scuffle breaks out

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Nathan comes to David and tells him a parable. In a town, there are a rich man and a poor man. The rich man has much livestock, but the poor man has only one lamb whom he loves like a child. One day, the rich man has a guest for dinner, and instead of slaughtering one of his own livestock, took the

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Jonathan begins to doubt his father, reasoning an even greater victory could have been achieved if the men had eaten. The royal decree has other unintended knock-on effects, namely that the men start killing and eating animals without draining the blood. To counteract this, Saul sets up an altar so

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Despite his numerous military victories, Saul disobeys Yahweh's instructions. First of all, after a battle against the Philistines, he does not wait for Samuel to arrive before he offers sacrifices. Meanwhile, it turns out that the Philistines have been killing and capturing blacksmiths in order to

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from the tribe of Benjamin, whom Samuel anoints during an attempt by Saul to locate his father's lost donkeys. He then invites Saul to a feast, where he gives him the best piece of meat, and they talk through the night on the roof of Samuel's house. Samuel tells Saul to return home, telling him the

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Saul is the chosen one: tall, handsome and "goodly", a king appointed by Yahweh, and anointed by Samuel, Yahweh's prophet, and yet he is ultimately rejected. Saul has two faults which make him unfit for the office of king: carrying out a sacrifice in place of Samuel, and failing to exterminate the

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to travel to Jerusalem pretending to be in mourning and speak to the king. The woman tells a story about her two sons, one of whom killed the other and whose death is now being called for. After some cajoling, David agrees to issue a decree ensuring that her son is not killed. The woman turns this

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and resumes his search for him. At one point, he enters a cave to relieve himself. David and his men are further back in the cave. They discuss the possibility of killing Saul, but David opts to merely cut a corner off his robe and use this as proof that he does not in fact wish to kill Saul. Saul

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Samuel is aware he is the final judge and that the age of kings is about to begin, and speaks to the Israelites, demonstrating his innocence and recapping the history of Israel. He calls on the Lord to send thunder and rain, and rebukes the people for their desire for a king. Nonetheless, he tells

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One night, God calls Samuel and, thinking Eli is calling him three times, he rushes to Eli. Eli informs him that God wishes to speak to him, and God informs Samuel that the earlier prophecy about Eli's family is correct. He is at first afraid to inform Eli of this, but Eli tells him not to be, and

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suggests he pretend to be ill and ask Tamar to come and prepare bread for him so he can eat out of her hand. When she comes to his house, Amnon tells her to come to his bedroom. Here, after she refuses to have sex with him, Amnon rapes her. He then forces her to leave the house. She rips the gown

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David then deliberately sends Uriah on a suicide mission. David loses some of his best warriors in this mission, so Joab tells the messenger reporting back to tell David that Uriah is dead. David instructs Joab to continue the attack of the city. After Bathsheba has finished mourning Uriah, David

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Jonathan befriends David. Saul begins to send David on military missions and quickly promotes him given his successes, but begins to become jealous of David after the Israelites make up a song about how much more successful David is than Saul. One day, Saul decides to kill David with a spear, but

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the Jebusite, when God tells him to stop. David is horrified, arguing that it should be him and his family who are punished. Gad tells David to build an altar on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. Araunah offers to sell the land to David for free but David insists on paying. David pays

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Back in Jerusalem, Ahitophel and Hushai arrive at Absalom's court. Absalom is at first suspicious of Hushai's presence, but ultimately accepts him. Ahitophel suggests Absalom sleeps with David's concubines who he left to take care of the palace in order to entrench the division between David and

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Back in Ziklag, three days after Saul's death, David receives news that Saul and his sons are dead. It transpires that the messenger is an Amalekite who, at Saul's insistence, had killed Saul to speed his death along, and brought his crown to David. David orders his death for having killed God's

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One of the main units within Samuel is the "History of David's Rise", the purpose of which is to justify David as the legitimate successor to Saul. The narrative stresses that he gained the throne lawfully, always respecting "the Lord's anointed" (i.e. Saul) and never taking any of his numerous

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and demands that everyone in the city have their right eye gouged out as part of the peace treaty. The Jabeshites send out messengers, looking for a saviour. When Saul hears of the situation, he gathers a 330,000-strong army and launches a surprise attack at night, leading Israel to victory and

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These three men risk their lives to work their way through Philistine lines and bring water from the well back to David. David refuses to drink it and offers it to God because his warriors risked their lives for it. Abishai, we learn, achieved his high position by single-handedly killing three

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Absalom purchases a magnificent chariot, and begins campaigning to become a judge, principally by waiting outside the city gate, listening to the concerns of people coming to the king and pretending there is no-one to hear them, as well as embracing anyone who bows to him. Four years pass, and

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If either enemy force turns out to be too strong, the other Israelite force will come to help their comrades. The Arameans flee from Joab, causing the Ammonites to also flee from Abishai. The Israelite army returns to Jerusalem. The Arameans regroup and cross the Euphrates, and this time David

1870:, both sons of Abinadab and brothers of Eleazar, to accompany it. A grand procession with musical instruments is organised, but comes to a sudden halt when the oxen stumble, causing Uzzah to touch the Ark and die. David is afraid to take it any further and stores it in the house of a man named 2155:

2 Samuel concludes with four chapters, chapters 21 to 24, that lie outside the chronological succession narrative of Saul and David, a narrative that will continue in The Book of Kings. Chapter 21 tells the story of a three-year long famine which takes place at the start of David's reign. God

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Given the sudden change in situation, the elders of Israel begin to argue about what to do next. David convinces the elders of Judah to escort him back to Jerusalem. They are joined by Shimei, who apologises to David. Abishai once again calls for the death penalty, but once again David grants

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and invites David and all his sons to come. David refuses, but blesses him and sends Amnon and the rest of his sons to him. Absalom holds a feast and gets Amnon drunk. He then instructs his servants to kill Amnon in revenge for his rape of Tamar. David's other sons are disgusted and return to

1707:. After Saul assures her she will not be punished, she agrees to summon Samuel. Samuel is not happy to be disturbed, and reveals that the Philistines will win the battle, with Saul and his sons dying in the process. Saul is shocked and, although at first reluctant, eats some food and leaves. 1710:

Back in the Philistine camp, several of the rulers are not happy with the idea of fighting alongside David, suspecting he may defect during the battle. Achish therefore reluctantly sends David back instead of bringing him to Jezreel with the Philistine army. When David and his men arrive in

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and Shammah, son of Agee the Hararite all single-handedly win battles against the Philistines. One day, while David and his men are hiding in the cave of Adullam, David becomes homesick and, hearing the Philistines have taken over Bethlehem, cries out desiring water from Bethlehem's well.

1532:, another of Saul's daughters. Although David is still unsure about becoming son-in-law to the king, Saul requires only 100 Philistine foreskins as dowry. Although this is a plan to have David captured by the Philistines, David kills 200 Philistines and brings their foreskins back to Saul. 2598:. Some textual critics have posited that given the intimacy and precision of certain narrative details, the Court Historian may have been an eyewitness to some of the events he describes, or at the very least enjoyed access to the archives and battle reports of the royal house of David. 2167:

and the five sons of Merab and Adriel. They are killed by the Gibeonites and their bodies are exposed at the start of the barley harvest. Rizpah protects the bodies, and David agrees to take the bones of Saul, Jonathan and those killed by the Gibeonites and bury them in the tomb of

1889:. Thirdly, God will establish one of David's sons as king. He will build the temple, and his house will never be out of power. When Nathan reports this to David, David prays to God, thanking him for these revelations. David defeats the enemies of Israel, slaughtering Philistines, 2018:

Jerusalem. David hears a rumour that Absalom has killed all of David's sons, but Jonadab assures him that only Amnon is dead. Meanwhile, Absalom goes to live with his grandfather in Geshur for three years. After David has finished mourning Amnon, he considers visiting Absalom.

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He surprises everyone by ending his fasting, saying that he was fasting and praying was an attempt to persuade God to save his child, whereas fasting now isn't going to bring the child back. After they have mourned, David and Bathsheba have another child, who they name

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sends Joab to lead his own army to their city gates, where the Ammonites are in battle formation. Joab decides to split the army in two: he will lead an elite force to attack the Aramean faction, while the rest of the army, led by Abisai, will focus on the Ammonites.

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Chapter 24 tells the story of more calamities on Israel. God is angry once again at Israel, so he instructs David to take a census. Joab has his reservations, but ultimately relents. When the results come in, David realises what he has done, and begs God for mercy.

1819:, two of his captains who hope for a reward from David, who stab him and cut off his head. They bring his head to David, but David has them killed for killing an innocent man. They are hanged by the pool of Hebron and Ish-bosheth's head is buried in Abner's tomb. 1950:, from battle, David encourages him to go home and see his wife, but Uriah declines in case David might need him, and sleeps in the doorway to the palace that night. David, in spite of inviting Uriah to feasts, continues to be unable to persuade him to go home. 1444:

launches a secret attack by climbing a pass into the Philistine camp and kills twenty people in the process. The panic this creates leads to a victory for the Israelites. Jonathan finds some honey and eats it, despite a royal decree not to eat until evening.

2136:, the general whom he wishes to replace Joab, to summon the Judahite troops and have them in Jerusalem within three days, something he fails at. David therefore tells Abishai to start pursuing Sheba to effectively put down his rebellion before it has begun. 2068:

On the other side of the mountain, David meets Ziba, who brings donkeys and fruit as supplies. He claims that Mephibosheth is hoping to be restored to the throne of Saul in the chaos, and David grants Ziba Mephibosheth's estates. As the party approaches

1365:, who recognizes the supremacy of Yahweh. The Philistines are afflicted with plagues, are unable to take the Ark into any city on account of the fear of the populations of those cities, and return the ark to the Israelites, but to the territory of the 1353:

and killing Hophni and Phinehas, thus fulfilling the earlier prophecy. When Eli hears of these two events, particularly the capture of the Ark, he falls off his chair and dies. His daughter-in-law, in turn, goes into labour at this, and names her son

1675:, Saul's captain, to put the soldiers to death for not protecting Saul, citing the absence of the spear and water jug as evidence. Saul interrupts, and once again repents of his hunt. He blesses David, David returns his spear and Saul returns home. 1788:, another son of Zeruiah and David's general, agree to have soldiers fight in one-on-one combat. All this achieves is twelve men on each side killing each other, but a battle follows and David wins. During the Benjaminites' retreat, Joab's brother 1521:

David avoids him. Saul realises that God is now with David and no longer with him, making him scared of David. He therefore seeks other ways to pacify David. First, he sends him on military campaigns, but this only makes him more successful.

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Meanwhile, Saul is growing increasingly anxious about the upcoming battle, but cannot get advice from God. He decides to attempt to contact Samuel from beyond the grave. While he has expelled all the witches and spiritists, he learns that

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Absalom travels to Hebron, claiming to be fulfilling a vow, but in fact he hatches a plan to get the tribes of Israel to proclaim him king. The 200 guests who follow him do not know of his plan, and while he is at Hebron Absalom summons

1874:. When, after three months, Obed-Edom and his family have received nothing but blessings, David takes the Ark to Jerusalem. As part of the ceremony bringing the Ark into the city, David dances in front of it wearing nothing but an 2263:

and produced around the second century BC, divided it into two; this was adopted by the Latin translations used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century.

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God has decided to frustrate Ahitophel's advice so that Absalom can be defeated, so Absalom follows Hushai's advice. Hushai then goes to Zadok and Abiathar and tells them to get word to David to cross the fords. Their sons,

1671:(his nephew), go to Saul's camp and find him asleep on the ground. Abishai advocates killing him, but David once again resists, content with taking a spear and water jug lying by Saul's head. The next morning, David advises 1476:, the Amalekite ruler, and the best portion of the Amalekite flocks to present them as sacrifices. Samuel rebukes Saul and tells him that God has now chosen another man to be king of Israel. Samuel then kills Agag himself. 2143:. Amasa goes to meet Joab, but Joab's dagger falls out of his tunic, stabbing Amasa in the stomach, killing him. He is covered with a cloth and placed in a field, and the army continues pursuing Sheba. They meet him at 1792:

chases Abner and Abner kills him, shocking everyone. Joab and Abishai continue Asahel's pursuit. A truce is declared when they reach a hill to avoid further bloodshed, and Abner and his men are able to cross the

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sends craftsmen to build David a palace. Meanwhile, David's family continues to grow. The Philistines decide to attack Israel now that David is king, but God allows David to defeat them in two battles, first in

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at God's instruction. The elders of Judah anoint David as king, and as his first act he offers a reward to the people of Jabesh Gilead for performing Saul's funerary rites. Meanwhile, in the north, Saul's son

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with the Deuteronimistic school are tenets central to Hebrew theology in texts that are widely regarded as predating Josiah. Thirdly, there are notable differences in style and thematic emphasis between

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When they see the battle going badly, the Israelites flee their towns, allowing the Philistines to occupy them. The next day, the Philistines find Saul, behead him, and take his armour to the temple of

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While Joab is off at war, David remains in Jerusalem. One morning, he is standing on the roof of his palace when he sees a naked woman performing ablutions after her period. David learns her name is

2540:, only to be condemned for doing so by Samuel's ghost, and told he and his sons will be killed. David is heartbroken on discovering the death of Jonathan, tearing his clothes as a gesture of grief. 1472:, winning victory over them all. His kingdom is in a constant state of war, and he constantly recruits new heroes to his army. However, he disobeys God's instruction to destroy Amalek: Saul spares 2508::1b–7:1 and 2 Samuel 6:1–20): the ark's capture by the Philistines in the time of Eli and its transfer to Jerusalem by David – opinion is divided over whether this is actually an independent unit. 2077:

begins cursing and stoning David for the bloodshed he caused in the House of Saul. Abishai suggests executing him, but David considers that God has told Shibei to curse him and lets him carry on.

2294:, differs considerably from the Hebrew text that was the basis of the first Greek translation, and scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents. 2275:

respectively. What are now commonly known as 1 Kings and 2 Kings would be 3 Kings and 4 Kings in Bibles dating from before 1516. It was in 1517 that use of the division we know today, used by

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from the Philistines with the help of God and Abiathar. When God tells him that Saul is coming and the citizens of Keilah will hand him over to Saul, David and his men escape to the desert of

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Saul decides to return to pursuing David, and the Ziphites alert him as to David's whereabouts. Saul returns to the desert of Ziph and sets up camp. One night, David and two companions,

1497:, with God promising Samuel can anoint one of his sons as king. However, while inspecting Jesse's sons, God tells Samuel that none of them are to be king. God tells Samuel to anoint 2380:). Although Noth's belief that the entire history was composed by a single individual has been largely abandoned, his theory in its broad outline has been adopted by most scholars. 2030:

When Joab refuses to help him, Absalom sets his field on fire. This gets Joab's attention, and finally Absalom manages to convince him to persuade David to allow him back to court.

1597:, saw David at Nob, and informs Saul that he was there. Saul arrives at the town, concludes that the priests are supporting David and has Doeg kill them all. One priest gets away: 2194:

Chapter 23 begins with David's last words, a subdued speech in which David expresses gladness at the goodness of his house. It then tells stories of a group of men identified as '

1613:, where Jonathan comes and recognises him as the next king. Some Ziphites inform Saul that David is in the desert, but Saul's search is broken off by another Philistine invasion. 1286:, the latter of whom is his favourite wife, and a rivalry between the two develops based on the fact that Peninnah has children and Hannah does not. The childless Hannah vows to 1918:, one of Saul's servants, tells him about Mephibosheth. David informs Mephibosheth that he will live in his household and eat at his table, and Mephibosheth moves to Jerusalem. 1636:, and his men help protect them. At sheep-shearing time, he sends some of his men to ask for food. Nabal refuses, preferring to keep his food for his household. When his wife, 1410:

as judges but, because of their corruption, the people ask for a king to rule over them. God directs Samuel to grant the people their wish despite his concerns: God gives them

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offers David three choices of punishment: three years of famine, three months of pursuit by his enemies or three days of plague. David chooses the plague. 70,000 people die.

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The Books of Samuel are considered to be based on both historical and legendary sources, primarily serving to fill the gap in Israelite history after the events described in

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noted that the presence of anachronistic expressions (such as "to this day" and "in the past") indicated that there must have been a later editor such as Jeremiah or Ezra.

1719:, where 200 men who were too exhausted to come with him have been guarding supplies. David announces all are to share in the treasure, and even sends some to the elders of 3505: 2215:, kills Moab's two mightiest warriors, a lion, and a huge Egyptian with his own spear. The chapter finishes by listing David's other mighty warriors, known as the Thirty. 1695:

instead. King Achish is pleased with him, and supposes he will continue to serve him. Eventually, the Philistines go to war with the Israelites, and David goes with them.

2041:

David is told of the increasing support for Absalom and decides to flee Jerusalem. He takes with him his wives and concubines, with the exception of ten, and a number of

1547:

David then visits Jonathan, and they argue about whether Saul actually wants to kill David. David proposes a test: he is to dine with the king the following day for the

5314: 3906: 4378: 2160:, whom Israel had promised to spare but Saul has massacred. David calls the Gibeonites and asks what he can do to make amends, hoping this will end the famine. 3619: 2402:

The 6th century BC authors and editors responsible for the bulk of the history drew on many earlier sources, including (but not limited to) an "ark narrative" (

1811:, Jonathan's disabled son, who was dropped by his nurse as she attempted to escape the palace after the deaths of Saul and Jonathan. Ish-bosheth is murdered by 1100:

who had appeared within 1 Chronicles during the account of David's reign. Modern scholarly thinking posits that the entire Deuteronomistic history was composed

1862:

The Ark is currently still in Baalah (another name for Kiriath Jearim), but David wants to bring it to Jerusalem. He puts it on a cart and employs the priests

2532:, and later acts as his protector against Saul's more violent intentions. At a later point, having been deserted by God on the eve of battle, Saul consults a 7511: 6490: 2124:

between the Judahites and the other Israelites about why they specifically got to escort the king home. Attempting to resolve the issue, a Benjaminite named

1800:

The war continues as David builds a family. Meanwhile, the House of Saul is getting weaker. When Ish-bosheth accuses Abner of sleeping with Saul's concubine

1501:, the youngest brother, as king. Saul becomes ill and David comes to play the harp to him. Saul takes a liking to David and David enters Saul's court as his 2610:: several short sources, none of which have much connection to each other, and are fairly independent of the rest of the text. Many are poems or pure lists. 2184:

kills Goliath's brother. In the fourth battle, at Gath, Jonathan, son of Shimeah, kills a huge man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot.

7422: 7304: 1939:. The Arameans realise they cannot win, make peace with Israel and refuse to help the Ammonites again. The following spring, Joab destroys the Ammonites. 6439: 5263: 6443: 5267: 7526: 7521: 4077: 1562:

the priest, a great-grandson of Eli. Pretending he is on a mission from the king and is going to meet his men, he asks for supplies. He is given the

7531: 1189: 7381: 4033: 3665: 3587: 1758:

anointed. At this point, David offers a majestic eulogy, where he praises the bravery and magnificence of both his friend Jonathan and King Saul.

2693:, God of Israel; (2) the reversal of human fortunes; and (3) kingship. These themes are played out in the stories of the three main characters, 7289: 7284: 5526: 5511: 4823: 4588: 2632: 2624: 1385:

in Benjamin. Samuel appeals to God, the Philistines are decisively beaten, and the Israelites reclaim their lost territory. Samuel sets up the

2590:

is punished by God through the destruction of his own family, and its purpose is to serve as an apology for the coronation of Bathsheba's son

7299: 4056: 3946: 3823: 3654: 3538: 1227:

The Jerusalem Bible divides the two Books of Samuel into five sections. Further subheadings are also based on subdivisions in that version:

6990: 6363: 38: 3566: 2742:, in accordance to God's commands, and trying to compensate by claiming that he reserved the surviving Amalekite livestock for sacrifice. 3727: 7096: 5307: 2822: 2795: 1124: 1008: 2352:. Critical scholars from the 19th century onward have rejected this idea. However, even prior to this, the medieval Jewish commentator 1878:. Michal sees this and is annoyed, but David says it was for the Lord, and thus it was not undignified. Michal never has any children. 7417: 7091: 6952: 6455: 5279: 4371: 3984: 3834: 3779: 3769: 4100: 2719:

Samuel answers the description of the "prophet like Moses" predicted in Deuteronomy 18:15–22: like Moses, he has direct contact with

7059: 4152: 4131: 4110: 4089: 4066: 4045: 4005: 3964: 3890: 3869: 3846: 3802: 3758: 3737: 3677: 3631: 3599: 3576: 3517: 1214: 2163:

The Gibeonites ask for seven of Saul's descendants to kill, and David agrees. He spares Mephibosheth, but hands over Rizpah's sons

1440:

ensure the Israelites do not have weapons, and so the Israelites go to war essentially with sharpened farm instruments. Saul's son

2259:

1 and 2 Samuel were originally (and, in most Jewish bibles, still are) a single book, but the first Greek translation, called the

1605:, who goes to join David. David accepts him, since he feels somewhat responsible for the massacre. David liberates the village of 7177: 7054: 6905: 6483: 5334: 4398: 4142: 2053:

who are guarding the Ark, also come, but go back when David tells them to return the Ark to Jerusalem. The procession climbs the

965: 3790: 7437: 5197: 2045:

and Gittites, led by a general named Ittai, who comes with David only after insisting on it. Abiathar and another priest named

1350: 6459: 5283: 3715: 1431:

them that as long as they refrain from idol worship, they will not perish – but if they do, calamity will befall the kingdom.

5300: 7470: 1683:

David joins the Philistines out of fear of Saul, taking his wives with him and brutally destroying his enemies, largely the

1621:

repents of how he has treated David, recognises him as the next king and makes him promise not to kill off his descendants.

7506: 7501: 7496: 7391: 5640: 4364: 2604:: additions by the redactor to harmonize the sources together; many of the uncertain passages may be part of this editing. 2101: 1739:. When they hear what has happened, the citizens of Jabesh Gilead take his body and perform funerary rites in their city. 1139:, and brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. Yahweh then promised David and his successors an everlasting dynasty. 7386: 6451: 6025: 5275: 4614: 3696: 2467:

tenth century events themselves, and good reason to believe that contemporary records were kept (cf. 2 Sam. 20:24–25)."

2181: 1914:

David asks if anyone from the House of Saul is still alive so that he can show kindness to them in memory of Jonathan.

6900: 6476: 2827: 1524:

Next, he tries to marry him off to his daughter Merab, but David refuses, and so Merab is married off to the nobleman

955: 3748: 2977: 2239: 1381:, is appointed to guard the ark for the twenty years it is there. The Philistines attack the Israelites gathered at 7074: 6368: 6228: 6030: 3344: 2195: 2042: 6447: 5271: 7536: 7106: 7085: 7079: 6308: 5885: 4947: 1986: 1664: 1382: 2156:

explains this is a punishment for Saul's genocide of the Gibeonites, a people group who are the remnants of the

7491: 7101: 7069: 7064: 6800: 6159: 5531: 5022: 3291: 2837: 2817: 2666: 2303: 1378: 1283: 1147: 3487: 1586:

near his home, where his family visit him, until he finds refuge for them at the court of the king of Moab in

2554:

and defeating the Philistines. David's warrior credentials lead to women falling in love with him, including

7427: 7407: 7279: 7136: 6997: 6737: 5940: 5082: 5072: 4863: 4704: 2361: 2164: 1881:

David wishes to build a temple, arguing that he should not be living in a palace while God lives in a tent.

1494: 1058: 1001: 20: 4121: 3857: 2646:(10th century CE). The complete Greek text of Samuel is found in older manuscripts such as the 4th-century 2284: 1780:, supported by Abner, has taken control of the northern tribes. David and Ish-bosheth's armies meet at the 7263: 7146: 7131: 7121: 6713: 6410: 6338: 6055: 5234: 5057: 4828: 4764: 4017: 3995: 3550: 2566: 2203: 1915: 1295: 820: 3879:

Knight, Douglas A (1991). "Sources". In Watson E. Mills; Roger Aubrey Bullard; Edgar V. McKnight (eds.).

1687:, the Girzites and the Amalekites, but makes the Philistines believe he is attacking the Israelites, the 7212: 7151: 7141: 7049: 6420: 6214: 5833: 5595: 5244: 5102: 4906: 4858: 4023: 3556: 2812: 2247: 2140: 738: 254: 2768: 2283:, began. Traditional Catholic and Orthodox Bibles still preserve the Septuagint name; for example, the 1329:

that God will do what is good in His sight. Over time, Samuel grows up and is recognised as a prophet.

2267:

In imitation of the Septuagint what is now commonly known as 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel, are called by the

1544:

but when they see Samuel they begin prophesying, as does Saul when he tries to capture David himself.

1158: 1021: 7412: 7332: 7044: 6957: 6867: 6633: 6520: 6035: 4992: 1403: 922: 719: 434: 28: 24: 7516: 2226:

After three days the angel of death reaches Jerusalem, and is on the threshing floor of a man named

2006:

which symbolises she is a virgin, puts ashes on her hand and walks around wailing. Tamar's brother,

1302:

is located, thinks she is drunk, but when he realises she is praying, he blesses her. A child named

7354: 7319: 7116: 6795: 6578: 6548: 6358: 6273: 6154: 5798: 5157: 5122: 5052: 5027: 3447: 2878: 2681:

The Book of Samuel is a theological evaluation of kingship in general and of dynastic kingship and

2125: 1649: 1441: 1342: 1322: 1299: 1136: 1112: 876: 616: 567: 497: 119: 6924: 2787:. Its editors note that "the text has suffered considerably and reconstructions are conjectural". 2383:

The Deuteronomistic view is that an early version of the history was composed in the time of king

2360:

in 1943 theorized that Samuel was composed by a single author as part of a history of Israel: the

7246: 7161: 6967: 6962: 6847: 6810: 6790: 6720: 6425: 6233: 5541: 5249: 5177: 5107: 5012: 4769: 4619: 3923: 2895: 2575: 2529: 2396: 994: 902: 871: 5501: 5127: 4578: 1946:, and they have sex. She becomes pregnant. Seeking to hide his sin, David recalls her husband, 487: 4283: 4141:

Walton, John H (2009). "The Deuteronomistic History". In Andrew E. Hill, John H. Walton (ed.).

3689:"The Book of Samuel: Its Composition, Structure and Significance as a Historiographical Source" 7447: 7256: 7251: 7192: 7024: 6934: 6877: 6698: 6688: 6538: 6318: 5750: 5446: 5218: 5182: 4148: 4127: 4106: 4085: 4062: 4041: 4001: 3980: 3973: 3960: 3942: 3936: 3915: 3886: 3865: 3842: 3819: 3813: 3798: 3775: 3754: 3733: 3673: 3650: 3627: 3595: 3572: 3534: 3513: 3463: 3135: 2636: 2587: 2144: 1947: 1856: 1660: 1366: 931: 797: 787: 557: 314: 304: 99: 4123:

In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History

3642: 3528: 2494:): From Samuel's birth his career as Judge and prophet over Israel. This source includes the 7432: 7327: 7309: 7241: 7229: 7187: 7126: 7111: 7002: 6890: 6683: 6628: 6608: 6588: 6313: 6134: 5854: 4808: 4553: 4287: 3705: 2832: 2647: 2620: 2392: 2349: 2276: 1882: 1594: 1275: 1271: 1097: 1093: 945: 782: 714: 665: 626: 582: 373: 299: 230: 1648:, but in the meantime Saul has married David's first wife, Michal, off to a nobleman named 7224: 7202: 7156: 6703: 6663: 6638: 6543: 6528: 6378: 6323: 6094: 5818: 5715: 5172: 4803: 4639: 4278: 4269: 4198: 4184: 2807: 2776: 2353: 2105: 2074: 2054: 1704: 1625: 1419: 1389:(the stone of help) in remembrance of the battle, and takes his place as judge of Israel. 1346: 1162: 1034: 802: 762: 724: 690: 562: 547: 319: 279: 240: 109: 79: 1341:, despite their initial worries when hearing the Israelite ritual of the entrance of the 2180:

Hushathite kills a Philistine named Saph. A third battle also takes place in Gob, where

2065:, who he sends back to Jerusalem to act as a spy, seeking to disrupt Ahitophel's plans. 7460: 7442: 7376: 7039: 7034: 7029: 6985: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6761: 6756: 6732: 6693: 6643: 6623: 6593: 6573: 6558: 6553: 6533: 6499: 6139: 5755: 5491: 5132: 4853: 4749: 4734: 4604: 4327: 4312: 4169: 2686: 2662: 2579: 2537: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2313: 2291: 2280: 2272: 1781: 1736: 1720: 1700: 1374: 1315: 1303: 1231: 1070: 1066: 1062: 867: 862: 857: 842: 837: 792: 729: 709: 631: 611: 596: 591: 552: 477: 454: 309: 220: 195: 175: 165: 89: 4016: 3549: 1150:, the text is divided into two books, now called the First and Second Book of Samuel. 7485: 7207: 7016: 6885: 6751: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6648: 6618: 6516: 6415: 6394: 5849: 5745: 5710: 5675: 5645: 5466: 5239: 4774: 4724: 4654: 4348: 3902:"From the Pages of Tradition: Don Isaac Abarbanel: Who Wrote the Books of the Bible?" 3643:"Israelite State Formation and Early Monarchy in History and Biblical Historiography" 2345: 2220: 2050: 1886: 1847: 1587: 1427:

saving Jabesh, thus proving those who doubted him wrong. Saul's kingship is renewed.

1423: 1089: 1054: 940: 832: 777: 772: 767: 747: 700: 675: 521: 414: 397: 294: 289: 284: 264: 3688: 3620:"The History of "David's Rise to Power" and the Neo-Babylonian Succession Apologies" 2685:

in particular. The main themes of the book are introduced in the opening poem (the "

2475:

The sources used to construct 1 and 2 Samuel are believed to include the following:

2462:

and Samuel. Finally, there are widely acknowledged structural parallels between the

7465: 7365: 7294: 7196: 6658: 6653: 6613: 6583: 6563: 6511: 6179: 6164: 5760: 5695: 5670: 5605: 5600: 5486: 5067: 4843: 4813: 4739: 4689: 4609: 4344: 4337: 2658: 2643: 2628: 2546:: a source with a pro-monarchial bias and covering many of the same details as the 2407: 2403: 2317: 2173: 2169: 2112: 1852: 1808: 1794: 1727: 1716: 1688: 1610: 1548: 1370: 1046: 984: 757: 752: 670: 646: 621: 601: 444: 424: 274: 269: 46: 1574:, but feigns insanity since he is afraid of what the Philistines might do to him. 3997:

Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew: Steps Toward an Integrated Approach Y

3880: 7348: 6944: 6862: 6857: 6771: 6766: 6598: 6238: 6099: 5813: 5720: 5665: 5566: 5561: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5117: 4848: 4793: 4679: 4669: 4649: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4274: 4265: 2772: 2760: 2674: 2670: 2459: 2443: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2365: 2357: 2341: 2309: 1777: 1641: 1567: 1555: 1338: 1291: 1116: 917: 912: 852: 847: 655: 383: 4217: 4211: 4190: 4176: 2954: 2642:

The earliest complete surviving Hebrew copy of the book(s) of Samuel is in the

2454:). The oldest of these, the "ark narrative," may even predate the Davidic era. 7337: 6104: 6084: 6020: 5481: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5202: 5087: 5077: 5042: 4624: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4301: 3265: 2943: 2739: 2533: 2505: 2491: 2487: 2463: 2439: 2435: 2415: 2411: 2329: 2260: 2014: 1684: 1656: 1143: 1074: 538: 209: 154: 137: 3919: 3467: 3451: 1131:, who defeated Israel's enemies, purchased the threshing floor where his son 6852: 6219: 6050: 6010: 6005: 5935: 5925: 5660: 5556: 5551: 5521: 5516: 5162: 4997: 4982: 4754: 4674: 4598: 3774:(trans. from German 2nd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 19. 3710: 2583: 2559: 2451: 2447: 2199: 2128:

launches a rebellion against David, which all the tribes except Judah back.

2090: 2035: 1943: 1871: 1835: 1831: 1602: 1563: 1559: 1490: 1386: 907: 3860:. In James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards (ed.). 3611:

A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context

2910:

in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 283

1807:

By this point, the only other surviving member of Ish-bosheth's family is

1512:

A new war against the Philistines begins, and a Philistine champion named

7359: 6929: 6916: 6895: 6842: 6837: 6268: 6129: 6119: 5995: 5975: 5905: 5900: 5880: 5870: 5690: 5680: 5536: 5506: 5112: 5007: 4932: 4818: 4699: 4659: 4644: 4253: 4239: 3938:

Isaac Abarbanel's Stance Toward Tradition: Defense, Dissent, and Dialogue

2595: 2515: 2384: 2188: 2157: 2097: 1898: 1617: 1598: 1307: 1279: 960: 950: 897: 892: 5292: 3927: 3901: 2387:(8th century BC); the bulk of the first edition dates from his grandson 1104:

630–540 BCE by combining a number of independent texts of various ages.

7371: 7236: 6333: 6303: 6298: 6278: 6263: 6223: 6149: 6124: 6079: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6015: 5980: 5920: 5895: 5875: 5808: 5730: 5655: 5620: 5585: 5496: 5476: 5137: 5032: 5017: 4987: 4977: 4972: 4942: 4759: 4709: 4568: 4543: 4538: 4356: 2791: 2631:, contains parts of 2 Samuel; and 4QSam, 4QSam and 4QSam, all found in 2591: 2551: 2514:: a fairly brief source discussing David conquering Jerusalem from the 2268: 2227: 2212: 2086: 2070: 2007: 2002: 1963: 1904: 1843: 1732: 1668: 1645: 1637: 1583: 1513: 1355: 1267: 1132: 337: 3533:. Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible. Baker Publishing Group. 7342: 7219: 6603: 6468: 6373: 6288: 6283: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6209: 6204: 6194: 6174: 6169: 6114: 6075: 6040: 6000: 5990: 5985: 5960: 5950: 5915: 5910: 5828: 5765: 5725: 5685: 5630: 5610: 5590: 5571: 5461: 5167: 5097: 5062: 4967: 4957: 4911: 4868: 4798: 4788: 4744: 4729: 4719: 4714: 4694: 4684: 4664: 4593: 4573: 4319: 2720: 2714: 2694: 2690: 2555: 2388: 2344:, which notes the death of Samuel, and the remainder by the prophets 2337: 2333: 2058: 2026:

back on David, and asks, then, why he has not forgiven his own son.

1998: 1994: 1990: 1816: 1812: 1801: 1789: 1772: 1712: 1692: 1616:

After the invasion, Saul learns David is now living in the desert of

1606: 1571: 1529: 1525: 1502: 1469: 1407: 1311: 1287: 1108: 1085: 660: 363: 1127:'s first king. But Saul proved unworthy, and God's choice turned to 4038:

Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets

3670:

Past, present, future: the Deuteronomistic history and the prophets

3592:

Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets

2582:'s phrase, telling the story of David's reign from his affair with 2231:

fifty shekels of silver and builds the altar, stopping the plague.

1361:

Meanwhile, the Philistines take the Ark to the temple of their god

7182: 6503: 6328: 6293: 6199: 6189: 6184: 6109: 6089: 6045: 5970: 5965: 5955: 5890: 5803: 5793: 5770: 5740: 5735: 5700: 5650: 5635: 5580: 5575: 5471: 5456: 5451: 5331: 5192: 5187: 5092: 5037: 5002: 4952: 4937: 4901: 4873: 4838: 4833: 4634: 4583: 4563: 4558: 4548: 4395: 2784: 2780: 2764: 2751: 2702: 2682: 2657: 2250:, c. 1636. David is seen in the background, standing on a balcony. 2238: 2133: 2046: 2022: 1982: 1970: 1936: 1927: 1875: 1863: 1672: 1633: 1629: 1498: 1465: 1457: 1362: 1241: 1157: 1128: 1078: 1025:

Page from the book of Samuel, in the Biblia de Cervera (1299/1300)

1020: 62: 2391:

at the end of the 7th BC, with further sections added during the

1535:

Saul then plots David's death, but Jonathan talks him out of it.

6258: 6144: 5945: 5930: 5823: 5705: 5625: 5615: 5546: 5047: 4962: 4916: 4878: 4783: 4778: 4629: 3957:

II Samuel: A New Translation With Introduction and Commentary By

2779:

states that last words were attributed to David in the style of

2732: 2698: 2525: 2062: 1894: 1890: 1867: 1839: 1785: 1506: 1473: 1461: 1453: 1411: 1373:, rather than to Shiloh, from where it is passed to the city of 1236: 1120: 6472: 5296: 4360: 3666:"The Relation Between the Eli Narrative and the Ark Narratives" 3647:

The Oxford Handbook of the Historical Books of the Hebrew Bible

2763:

contains a prophetic statement described as the "last words of

2586:

to his death. The theme is of retribution: David's sin against

1981:

A complicated controversy begins to develop within the palace.

1905:

David's family and the intrigues for the succession (9:1–20:26)

1358:('without glory') in commemoration of the capture of the Ark. 1172: 2191:, and is a song David sang when he was delivered from Saul. 1624:

Samuel dies, and, after mourning him, David moves on to the

3624:

David and Zion: biblical studies in honor of J.J.M. Roberts

1199:

by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise.

3038:"Douay-Rheims Catholic Bible Online, Search Study Verses" 4036:. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). 3668:. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). 3590:. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy (ed.). 2021:

Joab wants to help David, so he tells a wise woman from

3750:

David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King

3622:. In Bernard Frank Batto and Kathryn L. Roberts (ed.). 3508:. In James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson (ed.). 3037: 2290:

The Hebrew text that is used by Jews today, called the

1196: 1084:

According to Jewish tradition, the book was written by

3815:

King David: The Real Life of the Man Who Ruled Israel

1290:

that, if she has a son, he will be dedicated to God.

3127: 3125: 3123: 2872: 2870: 7400: 7318: 7272: 7170: 7015: 6978: 6943: 6914: 6876: 6821: 6728: 6712: 6510: 6434: 6403: 6387: 6351: 5863: 5842: 5786: 5779: 5439: 5330: 5258: 5227: 5211: 5150: 4925: 4894: 4887: 4531: 4394: 3292:"Scholars search for pages of ancient Hebrew Bible" 496: 486: 476: 453: 443: 433: 423: 413: 382: 372: 362: 239: 229: 219: 194: 184: 174: 164: 118: 108: 98: 88: 78: 3972: 1922:The Ammonite war and birth of Solomon (10:1–12:31) 1753:David among the Philistines (continued) (1:1–1:27) 1306:is born, and Samuel is dedicated to the Lord as a 4027:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3560:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1115:follows. It tells of Israel's oppression by the 3907:Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought 2320:to have been compiled in the 11th century BCE. 2304:Historicity of the Bible § Books of Samuel 2010:, and David learn about this and become angry. 1985:, David's son by Ahinoam, becomes lovesick for 1073:) that constitute a theological history of the 19:"1Sa." redirects here. Not to be confused with 3858:"Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists" 3645:. In Kelle, Brad E.; Strawn, Brent A. (eds.). 2790:1 Kings 2:1-9 contains David's final words to 2013:Two years later, Absalom is shearing sheep at 1314:to be identified in the Bible. Hannah sings a 1247:2 Samuel 21:1–24:25. Supplementary Information 6484: 5308: 4372: 3979:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 3839:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 2639:and date from the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE. 1002: 8: 3649:. Oxford University Press. pp. 94–108. 3278: 1823:David King of Judah and of Israel (5:1–8:18) 1119:, which brought about Samuel's anointing of 4082:The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible 3332: 2965: 2089:and Jonathan, respectively, are staying at 1398:The institution of the monarchy (8:1–12:25) 6725: 6491: 6477: 6469: 5783: 5315: 5301: 5293: 4891: 4379: 4365: 4357: 4292: 3975:Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in ancient times 3793:. In John Barton and John Muddiman (ed.). 3478:Jerusalem Bible, footnote at 2 Samuel 23:1 1435:The beginning of Saul's reign (13:1–15:35) 1402:In Samuel's old age, he appoints his sons 1111:'s call to him as a boy. The story of the 1009: 995: 826: 696: 531: 350: 150: 56: 33: 3709: 3356: 2328:According to passages 14b and 15a of the 2176:. This pleases God and the famine ends. 1215:Learn how and when to remove this message 4220:(Jewish Publication Society translation) 4214:(Jewish Publication Society translation) 3066: 1679:David among the Philistines (27:1–31:13) 1107:The book begins with Samuel's birth and 4018:"Third and Fourth Books of Kings" 3551:"First and Second Books of Kings" 3548:Bechtel, Florentine Stanislaus (1910). 3320: 3228: 3183: 3147: 3090: 3078: 3012: 2854: 2316:, the Books of Samuel exhibit too many 1969:Back on the front line, in the city of 1926:Nahash, king of Ammon dies and his son 1827:David is anointed king of all Israel. 1333:The Ark in Philistine hands (4:1b–7:17) 1310: – the only one besides 930: 884: 737: 699: 520: 467: 396: 353: 253: 208: 153: 45: 3434: 3422: 3252: 3240: 3216: 3195: 3171: 3054: 3024: 3000: 2988: 2919: 2861: 2767:" (verses 1–7) and details of the 37 " 2623:feature parts of the books of Samuel: 2438::10), and the "succession narrative" ( 2151:Supplementary information (21:1–24:25) 1570:and seeks refuge at the court of King 1566:and Goliath's sword. He then flees to 1240:1 Samuel 16:1–2 Samuel 1:27. Saul and 473: 410: 359: 216: 161: 75: 3588:"Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative?" 3410: 3386: 3308: 3131: 3114: 3102: 2931: 1748:Saul and David (continued) (1:1–1:27) 7: 6364:Book of Jasher (Biblical references) 4284:Introduction to the book of 2 Samuel 4275:Introduction to the book of 2 Samuel 4266:Introduction to the book of 1 Samuel 4034:"Saving Saul from the Deuteronomist" 3994:Rezetko, Robert; Young, Ian (2014). 3398: 3159: 2574:(2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2): a " 1081:under the guidance of the prophets. 7512:Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) 7423:Other books referenced in the Bible 7382:New Testament manuscript categories 2823:History of ancient Israel and Judah 2771:" who were David's chief warriors ( 2524:: a source with an anti-monarchial 1935:himself wins a decisive victory at 1628:. Here he meets the shepherds of a 1038: 6953:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs 2530:some commentators view as romantic 2430:), the "history of David's rise" ( 2324:Authorship and date of composition 2132:a defence against Sheba. He tells 1842:and builds up the area around it. 1434: 1262:The childhood of Samuel (1:1–4:1a) 14: 4058:Introduction to the Old Testament 3837:. In Bromiley, Geoffrey W (ed.). 3818:. Random House Publishing Group. 3768:Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964) . 3266:"1qsam | The Way To Yahuweh" 2635:. Collectively they are known as 1954:marries her and she gives birth. 1830:Against all odds, David captures 1528:. However, David is in love with 1088:, with additions by the prophets 7527:Works set in the 10th century BC 7522:Works set in the 11th century BC 4244: 4230: 4021:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3941:. SUNY Press. pp. 180–181. 3721:from the original on 2022-10-09. 3554:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3510:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible 2139:Amasa meets Abishai and Joab at 1838:. He takes over the fortress of 1539:The flight of David (19:8–21:16) 1318:upon the fulfilment of her vow. 1190:too long or excessively detailed 1177: 37: 7532:Phoenicians in the Hebrew Bible 7438:Biblical and Quranic narratives 5198:Philistine captivity of the Ark 4061:. Westminster John Knox Press. 3771:I & II Samuel, A Commentary 3729:I & II Samuel, A Commentary 2057:, where he meets his confidant 1345:, defeat the Israelites at the 1235:1 Samuel 8:1–15:35. Samuel and 4201:– English at Mechon-Mamre.org) 4187:– English at Mechon-Mamre.org) 4099:Tsumura, David Toshio (2007). 3955:McCarter Jr., P. Kyle (1984). 3882:Mercer Dictionary of the Bible 2498:and part of the ark narrative. 2211:hundred men. Another warrior, 2108:he built during his lifetime. 1901:. He then appoints a cabinet. 1767:David King of Judah (2:1–4:12) 1: 4144:A Survey of the Old Testament 4078:"The Deuteronomistic History" 4076:Spieckerman, Hermann (2001). 3864:. T&T Clark. p. 62. 3586:Breytenbach, Andries (2000). 2594:instead of his older brother 2001:. Amnon's advisor and cousin 1582:David travels to the cave of 1578:David the outlaw (22:1–26:25) 3862:Old Testament Interpretation 3697:Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 3571:. B&H Publishing Group. 2414:), a "Saul cycle" (parts of 2049:, together with a number of 1186:This section's plot summary 4252:public domain audiobook at 4238:public domain audiobook at 4000:. Society of Biblical Lit. 3971:Redford, Donald B. (1992). 3885:. Mercer University Press. 3797:. Oxford University Press. 3795:The Oxford Bible Commentary 3609:Coogan, Michael D. (2009). 2828:Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) 2794:, his son and successor as 2689:"): (1) the sovereignty of 1723:when he returns to Ziklag. 1480:Saul and David (16:1–31:13) 1452:Over time, Saul fights the 1393:Samuel and Saul (8:1–15:35) 7553: 7418:English Bible translations 6806:Song of the Three Children 4080:. In Leo G. Perdue (ed.). 3856:Knight, Douglas A (1995). 3613:. Oxford University Press. 2883:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 2749: 2730: 2712: 2336:, the book was written by 2301: 2096:David and Absalom meet at 1485:David at court (16:1–19:7) 1468:, the Philistines and the 1057:. The book is part of the 18: 7456: 6456:American Standard Version 6379:United Monarchy of Israel 6314:Tamar daughter of Absalom 5280:American Standard Version 4342: 4334: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4295: 4120:Van Seters, John (1997). 3812:Kirsch, Jonathan (2009). 3641:Dietrich, Walter (2020). 3565:Bergen, David T. (1996). 2213:Benaniah, son of Jehoiada 2187:Chapter 22 is similar to 1726:Meanwhile, the Battle of 1245:2 Samuel 2:1–20:26. David 1148:Christian biblical canons 1096:, who together are three 6160:Jonathan son of Abiathar 4218:2 Samuel at Mechon-Mamre 4212:1 Samuel at Mechon-Mamre 4102:The First Book of Samuel 4055:Soggin, Alberto (1987). 4032:Schleffer, Eben (2000). 3789:Jones, Gwilym H (2001). 3747:Halpern, Baruch (2001). 3618:Dick, Michael B (2004). 3279:Rezetko & Young 2014 2838:Midrash Shmuel (aggadah) 2818:Historicity of the Bible 1966:(also called Jedediah). 1593:One of Saul's servants, 1379:Eleazar, son of Abinadab 1077:and that aim to explain 7280:Intertestamental period 6416:Deuteronomistic history 6369:David's Mighty Warriors 6309:Tamar daughter of David 5240:Deuteronomistic history 4015:Schets, Joseph (1910). 3726:Gordon, Robert (1986). 3711:10.5508/jhs.2010.v10.a5 3687:Garsiel, Moshe (2010). 3527:Barron, Robert (2015). 3425:, pp. 216, 229–33. 2464:Hittite suzerain treaty 2362:Deuteronomistic history 2196:David's Mighty Warriors 2165:Armoni and Mephibosheth 1910:Mephibosheth (9:1–9:13) 1059:Deuteronomistic history 7264:Apocalyptic literature 6901:Paralipomena of Baruch 6411:Court History of David 5235:Court History of David 5058:Joshua the Bethshemite 4225:Christian translations 3664:Eynikel, Erik (2000). 2678: 2567:Court History of David 2251: 2073:, a Benjaminite named 2043:Cerethites, Pelethites 1989:, David's daughter by 1377:, where a new priest, 1170: 1049:, found as two books ( 1026: 956:Paralipomena of Baruch 7428:Additional Scriptures 7392:New Testament uncials 6460:World English Version 6421:Books of the Kingdoms 5324:Second Book of Samuel 5284:World English Version 5245:Books of the Kingdoms 4024:Catholic Encyclopedia 3732:. Paternoster Press. 3557:Catholic Encyclopedia 3504:Auld, Graeme (2003). 3298:. September 28, 2008. 2813:Books of the Kingdoms 2661: 2302:Further information: 2248:Artemisia Gentileschi 2242: 2204:Eleazar, son of Dodai 2038:, David's counselor. 1493:to visit a man named 1161: 1061:, a series of books ( 1024: 7507:6th-century BC books 7502:7th-century BC books 7497:8th-century BC books 7413:Bible version debate 7387:New Testament papyri 7333:Samaritan Pentateuch 6958:Testament of Abraham 6896:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan 6155:Jonathan son of Saul 4388:First Book of Samuel 3935:Lawee, Eric (2012). 3900:Lawee, Eric (1996). 3833:Klein, R.W. (2003). 3347:: King James Version 2572:Succession narrative 2410:and perhaps part of 2182:Elhanan, son of Jair 1977:Absalom (13:1–20:26) 1288:Yahweh lord of hosts 1079:God's law for Israel 951:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan 7355:Muratorian fragment 7290:New Testament canon 7285:Old Testament canon 7178:Chapters and verses 6796:Additions to Daniel 6762:Additions to Esther 6359:Ark of the Covenant 6274:Sheba son of Bichri 5158:Ark of the Covenant 4206:Jewish translations 3255:, pp. 307–309. 3069:, pp. 100–101. 2298:Historical accuracy 2273:1 Kings and 2 Kings 2244:David and Bathsheba 2126:Sheba son of Bichri 1650:Palti, son of Laish 1343:Ark of the Covenant 1323:Hophni and Phinehas 1300:Ark of the Covenant 1230:1 Samuel 1:1–7:17. 1113:Ark of the Covenant 1045:) is a book in the 877:Additions to Daniel 843:Additions to Esther 6968:Testament of Jacob 6963:Testament of Isaac 6848:Prayer of Manasseh 6811:Bel and the Dragon 6791:Letter of Jeremiah 6452:King James Version 6426:David and Jonathan 5276:King James Version 5250:David and Jonathan 5178:Battle of Michmash 5013:Children of Israel 3835:"Samuel, books of" 3506:"1 & 2 Samuel" 3243:, pp. 216–17. 3219:, pp. 210–11. 3198:, pp. 258–59. 2908:1 and 2 Chronicles 2896:1 Chronicles 29:29 2879:"SAMUEL, BOOKS OF" 2679: 2615:Manuscript sources 2397:Hellenistic period 2285:Douay–Rheims Bible 2252: 1489:Samuel travels to 1171: 1154:Biblical narrative 1027: 903:Prayer of Manasseh 872:Letter of Jeremiah 16:Books of the Bible 7479: 7478: 7448:Textual criticism 7011: 7010: 6935:Psalms of Solomon 6878:Orthodox Tewahedo 6466: 6465: 6347: 6346: 6319:Uriah the Hittite 5751:Valley of Rephaim 5447:Abel-beth-maachah 5290: 5289: 5219:The Samuel Scroll 5183:David and Goliath 5146: 5145: 4355: 4354: 4325:Succeeded by 3948:978-0-7914-8988-8 3825:978-0-307-56781-9 3656:978-0-19-026116-0 3540:978-1-4412-2196-4 3464:Blessing of Moses 3335:, pp. 53–55. 3296:Los Angeles Times 3207:Jones, pp. 197–99 3150:, pp. 15–19. 3117:, pp. 65–73. 3057:, pp. 25–27. 3003:, pp. 19–20. 2637:The Samuel Scroll 2588:Uriah the Hittite 2548:republican source 2544:Monarchial source 2522:Republican source 2277:Protestant Bibles 2200:Josheb-Basshebeth 1948:Uriah the Hittite 1857:Valley of Rephaim 1771:David returns to 1762:David (2:1–20:26) 1558:, where he meets 1554:David arrives at 1549:New Moon festival 1369:, to the city of 1367:tribe of Benjamin 1351:capturing the Ark 1278:, has two wives, 1274:from the city of 1257:Samuel (1:1–7:17) 1225: 1224: 1217: 1146:, a basis of the 1019: 1018: 979: 978: 973: 972: 932:Orthodox Tewahedo 858:Wisdom of Solomon 810: 809: 516: 515: 510: 509: 506: 505: 463: 462: 392: 391: 328: 327: 249: 248: 204: 203: 128: 127: 7544: 7537:Historical books 7328:Dead Sea Scrolls 7310:Dating the Bible 7188:Historical books 6825:Eastern Orthodox 6738:Eastern Orthodox 6726: 6719: 6493: 6486: 6479: 6470: 6404:Textual analysis 5784: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5294: 5228:Textual analysis 4892: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4358: 4335:Preceded by 4310:Preceded by 4297:Books of Samuel 4293: 4288:Forward Movement 4260:Related articles 4248: 4247: 4234: 4233: 4158: 4137: 4116: 4095: 4072: 4051: 4028: 4020: 4011: 3990: 3978: 3959:. Anchor Bible. 3952: 3931: 3896: 3875: 3852: 3829: 3808: 3791:"1 and 2 Samuel" 3785: 3764: 3743: 3722: 3720: 3713: 3693: 3683: 3660: 3637: 3614: 3605: 3582: 3561: 3553: 3544: 3523: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3460: 3454: 3448:Jacob's Blessing 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3369: 3368:1 Samuel 13:8–14 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3333:Breytenbach 2000 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3129: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2978:2 Samuel 1:17–27 2975: 2969: 2966:Spieckerman 2001 2963: 2957: 2952: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2898: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2877:Hirsch, Emil G. 2874: 2865: 2859: 2833:Kingdom of Judah 2648:Codex Sinaiticus 2621:Dead Sea Scrolls 2576:historical novel 2512:Jerusalem source 2393:Babylonian exile 2332:tractate of the 2145:Abel Beth Maakah 1855:and next in the 1784:, and Abner and 1735:and his body to 1595:Doeg the Edomite 1294:, the priest of 1276:Ramathaim-Zophim 1220: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1181: 1180: 1173: 1135:would build the 1040: 1011: 1004: 997: 827: 823: 821:Deuterocanonical 697: 693: 649: 585: 541: 532: 526: 474: 411: 404: 360: 351: 346: 342: 217: 162: 151: 146: 142: 76: 71: 67: 57: 51: 41: 34: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7492:Books of Samuel 7482: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7452: 7396: 7314: 7305:Christian canon 7268: 7203:Prophetic books 7166: 7097:2 Thessalonians 7092:1 Thessalonians 7007: 6974: 6939: 6910: 6872: 6831: 6817: 6745: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6519: 6515: 6506: 6497: 6467: 6462: 6430: 6399: 6383: 6343: 6324:Woman of Tekoah 5859: 5838: 5775: 5716:Mount of Olives 5641:Helkathhazzurim 5435: 5326: 5321: 5291: 5286: 5254: 5223: 5207: 5173:Battle of Aphek 5142: 5128:Phinehas's wife 4921: 4883: 4527: 4390: 4385: 4347: 4340: 4330: 4315: 4305: 4298: 4279:NIV Study Bible 4270:NIV Study Bible 4250:Bible: 2 Samuel 4245: 4236:Bible: 1 Samuel 4231: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4140: 4134: 4126:. Eisenbrauns. 4119: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4075: 4069: 4054: 4048: 4031: 4014: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3970: 3949: 3934: 3899: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3855: 3849: 3832: 3826: 3811: 3805: 3788: 3782: 3767: 3761: 3746: 3740: 3725: 3718: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3663: 3657: 3640: 3634: 3626:. Eisenbrauns. 3617: 3608: 3602: 3585: 3579: 3564: 3547: 3541: 3526: 3520: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3461: 3457: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3401:, pp. 3–4. 3397: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3130: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2944:1 Samuel 1:1–20 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906:Mathys, H. P., 2905: 2901: 2894: 2890: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2808:Biblical judges 2804: 2777:Jerusalem Bible 2754: 2748: 2735: 2729: 2717: 2711: 2656: 2617: 2484:Youth of Samuel 2473: 2354:Isaac Abarbanel 2326: 2312:. According to 2306: 2300: 2279:and adopted by 2257: 2237: 2221:Gad the prophet 2153: 2102:Wood of Ephraim 2055:Mount of Olives 1979: 1924: 1912: 1907: 1897:, Syrians, and 1825: 1769: 1764: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1681: 1626:Desert of Paran 1580: 1541: 1487: 1482: 1437: 1420:Nahash of Ammon 1418:Shortly after, 1400: 1395: 1347:Battle of Aphek 1335: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1221: 1210: 1204: 1201: 1197:help improve it 1194: 1182: 1178: 1163:Ernst Josephson 1156: 1015: 975: 974: 824: 819: 812: 811: 694: 689: 682: 681: 680: 650: 645: 638: 637: 636: 586: 581: 574: 573: 572: 542: 537: 524: 512: 511: 402: 348: 344: 338: 330: 329: 324: 148: 144: 138: 130: 129: 73: 69: 63: 49: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7550: 7548: 7540: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7484: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7443:Synod of Hippo 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7402: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Masoretic Text 7374: 7369: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7324: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7213:Minor prophets 7210: 7208:Major prophets 7200: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6986:Pseudepigrapha 6982: 6980: 6979:Classification 6976: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6949: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6925:Psalms 152–155 6921: 6919: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6793: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6579:1–2 Chronicles 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6508: 6507: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6488: 6481: 6473: 6464: 6463: 6448:Wycliffe Bible 6438: 6436: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6353: 6352:Phrases/events 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5756:Valley of Salt 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5492:Baale of Judah 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5339: 5337: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5272:Wycliffe Bible 5262: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5151:Phrases/events 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5133:Witch of Endor 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4896: 4895:Rulers/leaders 4889: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854:Valley of Elah 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4750:Kiriath Jearim 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4655:Ephraim, Mount 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4403: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4352: 4341: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4299: 4296: 4291: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4242: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4188: 4173: 4172: 4170:Masoretic Text 4165: 4164:External links 4162: 4160: 4159: 4153: 4138: 4132: 4117: 4111: 4096: 4090: 4073: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4029: 4012: 4006: 3991: 3986:978-0691000862 3985: 3968: 3953: 3947: 3932: 3897: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3853: 3847: 3830: 3824: 3809: 3803: 3786: 3781:978-0664223182 3780: 3765: 3759: 3744: 3738: 3723: 3684: 3678: 3661: 3655: 3638: 3632: 3615: 3606: 3600: 3583: 3577: 3562: 3545: 3539: 3524: 3518: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3480: 3471: 3468:Deuteronomy 33 3455: 3439: 3437:, p. 425. 3427: 3415: 3413:, p. 198. 3403: 3391: 3389:, p. 319. 3379: 3370: 3361: 3357:Hertzberg 1964 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3311:, p. 312. 3301: 3283: 3281:, p. 671. 3271: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3174:, p. 853. 3164: 3162:, p. 219. 3152: 3140: 3119: 3107: 3105:, p. 180. 3095: 3083: 3081:, p. 305. 3071: 3059: 3047: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2970: 2968:, p. 348. 2958: 2955:2 Samuel 24:24 2947: 2936: 2934:, p. 197. 2924: 2912: 2899: 2888: 2866: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2750:Main article: 2747: 2744: 2731:Main article: 2728: 2725: 2713:Main article: 2710: 2707: 2687:Song of Hannah 2655: 2652: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2580:Alberto Soggin 2563: 2541: 2519: 2509: 2499: 2480:Call of Samuel 2472: 2469: 2325: 2322: 2314:Donald Redford 2299: 2296: 2292:Masoretic Text 2256: 2253: 2236: 2233: 2152: 2149: 2111:Ahimaaz and a 1993:, daughter of 1978: 1975: 1923: 1920: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1824: 1821: 1782:Pool of Gibeon 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1680: 1677: 1579: 1576: 1540: 1537: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1436: 1433: 1422:lays siege to 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1375:Kiriath Jearim 1334: 1331: 1316:song of praise 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1223: 1222: 1185: 1183: 1176: 1167:David and Saul 1155: 1152: 1069:, Samuel, and 1031:Book of Samuel 1017: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1006: 999: 991: 988: 987: 981: 980: 977: 976: 971: 970: 969: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 935: 934: 928: 927: 926: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 887: 886: 882: 881: 880: 879: 874: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 825: 818: 817: 814: 813: 808: 807: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 742: 741: 739:Minor prophets 735: 734: 733: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 704: 703: 701:Major prophets 695: 688: 687: 684: 683: 679: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 652: 651: 644: 643: 640: 639: 635: 634: 629: 624: 619: 617:1–2 Chronicles 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 588: 587: 580: 579: 576: 575: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 544: 543: 536: 535: 528: 527: 525:(Christianity) 518: 517: 514: 513: 508: 507: 504: 503: 502:Divre Hayyamim 500: 494: 493: 490: 484: 483: 480: 470: 469: 465: 464: 461: 460: 457: 451: 450: 447: 441: 440: 437: 431: 430: 427: 421: 420: 417: 407: 406: 394: 393: 390: 389: 386: 380: 379: 376: 370: 369: 366: 356: 355: 349: 336: 335: 332: 331: 326: 325: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 261: 258: 257: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 233: 227: 226: 223: 213: 212: 206: 205: 202: 201: 198: 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 178: 172: 171: 168: 158: 157: 149: 136: 135: 132: 131: 126: 125: 122: 116: 115: 112: 106: 105: 102: 96: 95: 92: 86: 85: 82: 74: 61: 60: 53: 52: 43: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7549: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7455: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7201: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060:2 Corinthians 7058: 7056: 7055:1 Corinthians 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7017:New Testament 7014: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6998:New Testament 6996: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6906:Broader canon 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6619:Song of Songs 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6517:Old Testament 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6489: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6395:Samuel Scroll 6393: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5711:Mount Ephraim 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5676:Kidron Valley 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:Jabesh-Gilead 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5606:Gilboa, Mount 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5532:City of David 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5313: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4879:Zuph, Land of 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4725:Jabesh-Gilead 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4377: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4359: 4351: 4350: 4349:Old Testament 4346: 4339: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4321: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4302:History books 4294: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4154:9780631210719 4150: 4147:. Zondervan. 4146: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4133:9781575060132 4129: 4125: 4124: 4118: 4114: 4112:9780802823595 4108: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4091:9780631210719 4087: 4084:. Blackwell. 4083: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4068:9780664221560 4064: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4047:9789004118713 4043: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4007:9781628370461 4003: 3999: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3969: 3966: 3965:9780385068086 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3892:9780865543737 3888: 3884: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3871:9780567292896 3867: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3848:9780802837844 3844: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3804:9780198755005 3800: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3766: 3762: 3760:9780802827975 3756: 3752: 3751: 3745: 3741: 3739:9780310230229 3735: 3731: 3730: 3724: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3679:9789004118713 3675: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3633:9781575060927 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3601:9789004118713 3597: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3578:9780805401073 3574: 3570: 3569: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3525: 3521: 3519:9780802837110 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3489: 3488:1 Kings 2:1–9 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3359:, p. 19. 3358: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3326: 3323:, p. 68. 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3234: 3231:, p. 88. 3230: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3186:, p. 11. 3185: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3067:Dietrich 2020 3063: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2991:, p. 17. 2990: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2925: 2922:, p. 62. 2921: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2864:, p. 18. 2863: 2858: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2734: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2633:Qumran Cave 4 2630: 2629:Qumran Cave 1 2626: 2622: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2502:Ark narrative 2500: 2497: 2496:Eli narrative 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2376:, Samuel and 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2216: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Promised Land 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689:Jerahmeelites 1686: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1424:Jabesh Gilead 1421: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1219: 1216: 1208: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1184: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:Old Testament 1052: 1048: 1044: 1036: 1032: 1023: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1000: 998: 993: 992: 990: 989: 986: 983: 982: 967: 966:Broader canon 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 938: 937: 936: 933: 929: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 890: 889: 888: 885:Orthodox only 883: 878: 875: 873: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 829: 828: 822: 816: 815: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 743: 740: 736: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 705: 702: 698: 692: 686: 685: 677: 676:Song of Songs 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 653: 648: 642: 641: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 584: 578: 577: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 540: 534: 533: 530: 529: 523: 522:Old Testament 519: 501: 499: 495: 491: 489: 488:Ezra–Nehemiah 485: 481: 479: 475: 472: 471: 466: 458: 456: 452: 448: 446: 442: 438: 436: 432: 428: 426: 422: 419:Shir Hashirim 418: 416: 415:Song of Songs 412: 409: 408: 405: 401: 395: 387: 385: 381: 377: 375: 371: 367: 365: 361: 358: 357: 352: 347: 341: 334: 333: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 262: 260: 259: 256: 252: 244: 242: 238: 234: 232: 228: 224: 222: 218: 215: 214: 211: 207: 199: 197: 193: 189: 187: 183: 179: 177: 173: 169: 167: 163: 160: 159: 156: 152: 147: 141: 134: 133: 123: 121: 117: 113: 111: 107: 103: 101: 97: 93: 91: 87: 83: 81: 77: 72: 70:(Instruction) 66: 59: 58: 55: 54: 48: 44: 40: 36: 35: 30: 26: 22: 7366:Vetus Latina 7364: 7347: 7300:Jewish canon 7295:Antilegomena 7197:Poetic Books 7193:Wisdom books 7171:Subdivisions 7084: 6789: / 6714:Deuterocanon 6634:Lamentations 6614:Ecclesiastes 6568: 6521:(protocanon) 6512:Hebrew Bible 6440:Hebrew Bible 6180:Mephibosheth 5696:Metheg-ammah 5671:Jordan River 5601:Gihon Spring 5487:Baal-perazim 5323: 5264:Hebrew Bible 4740:Jordan River 4610:Beth Shemesh 4387: 4343: 4320:Hebrew Bible 4318: 4300: 4192: 4179:Shmuel Aleph 4178: 4143: 4122: 4105:. Eerdmans. 4101: 4081: 4057: 4037: 4022: 3996: 3974: 3956: 3937: 3914:(2): 65–73. 3911: 3905: 3881: 3861: 3841:. Eerdmans. 3838: 3814: 3794: 3770: 3753:. Eerdmans. 3749: 3728: 3701: 3695: 3669: 3646: 3623: 3610: 3591: 3567: 3555: 3529: 3512:. Eerdmans. 3509: 3483: 3474: 3458: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3352: 3345:1 Samuel 9:2 3340: 3328: 3321:Tsumura 2007 3316: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3274: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3229:Eynikel 2000 3224: 3212: 3203: 3191: 3184:Tsumura 2007 3179: 3167: 3155: 3148:Tsumura 2007 3143: 3110: 3098: 3093:, p. 4. 3091:Garsiel 2010 3086: 3079:Redford 1992 3074: 3062: 3050: 3042:www.drbo.org 3041: 3032: 3020: 3013:Bechtel 1910 3008: 2996: 2984: 2973: 2961: 2950: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2907: 2902: 2891: 2882: 2857: 2789: 2759: 2755: 2736: 2718: 2680: 2644:Aleppo Codex 2641: 2619:Four of the 2618: 2607: 2601: 2571: 2565: 2547: 2543: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2495: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2456: 2404:1 Samuel 4:1 2401: 2382: 2364:(made up of 2327: 2318:anachronisms 2307: 2289: 2266: 2258: 2243: 2225: 2217: 2209: 2193: 2186: 2178: 2162: 2154: 2138: 2130: 2122: 2118: 2110: 2095: 2083: 2079: 2067: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2020: 2012: 1980: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1941: 1933: 1925: 1913: 1880: 1861: 1853:Baal Perizim 1829: 1826: 1809:Mephibosheth 1806: 1799: 1770: 1756: 1728:Mount Gilboa 1725: 1717:Besor Valley 1709: 1697: 1682: 1654: 1623: 1615: 1592: 1581: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1503:armor-bearer 1488: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1417: 1401: 1371:Beth Shemesh 1360: 1336: 1327: 1321:Eli's sons, 1320: 1298:, where the 1266:A man named 1265: 1229: 1226: 1211: 1202: 1187: 1166: 1141: 1137:First Temple 1106: 1101: 1083: 1050: 1047:Hebrew Bible 1043:Sefer Shmuel 1042: 1030: 1028: 985:Bible portal 870: / 720:Lamentations 671:Ecclesiastes 606: 445:Ecclesiastes 435:Lamentations 399: 339: 185: 139: 64: 47:Hebrew Bible 7471:WikiProject 7349:Diatessaron 7320:Manuscripts 7273:Development 7075:Philippians 6945:Beta Israel 6863:4 Maccabees 6858:3 Maccabees 6772:2 Maccabees 6767:1 Maccabees 6549:Deuteronomy 6388:Manuscripts 6239:Philistines 6135:Jehoshaphat 6100:Ishbi-benob 6031:Cherethites 5814:Ish-bosheth 5721:Perez-uzzah 5212:Manuscripts 5118:Philistines 4650:Ephesdammim 3568:1, 2 Samuel 3435:Coogan 2009 3423:Coogan 2009 3377:1 Samuel 15 3253:Kirsch 2009 3241:Soggin 1987 3217:Soggin 1987 3196:Walton 2009 3172:Knight 1991 3055:Bergen 1996 3025:Schets 1910 3001:Gordon 1986 2989:Barron 2015 2920:Knight 1995 2862:Gordon 1986 2773:verses 8–39 2761:2 Samuel 23 2675:Jan Victors 2665:presenting 2627:, found in 2460:Deuteronomy 2432:1 Samuel 16 2366:Deuteronomy 2358:Martin Noth 2342:1 Samuel 25 2310:Deuteronomy 2235:Composition 1778:Ish-bosheth 1703:remains at 1339:Philistines 1117:Philistines 918:4 Maccabees 913:3 Maccabees 853:2 Maccabees 848:1 Maccabees 568:Deuteronomy 120:Deuteronomy 7486:Categories 7408:Authorship 7338:Septuagint 7183:Pentateuch 7162:Revelation 7086:Laodiceans 7080:Colossians 6569:1–2 Samuel 6444:Septuagint 6229:Pelethites 6140:Jezreelite 6105:Israelites 6085:Hushathite 6021:Canaanites 5951:Amalekites 5482:Baal-hazor 5341:2 Samuel 1 5268:Septuagint 5203:Pim weight 5088:Melchishua 5078:Man of God 5043:Israelites 4998:Amalekites 4405:1 Samuel 1 4195:– Samuel B 4193:Shmuel Bet 4181:– Samuel A 3452:Genesis 49 3411:Jones 2001 3387:Klein 2003 3309:Klein 2003 3134:, p. 3132:Klein 2003 3115:Lawee 1996 3103:Lawee 2012 2932:Jones 2001 2844:References 2769:mighty men 2740:Amalekites 2602:Redactions 2506:1 Samuel 4 2488:1 Samuel 1 2440:2 Samuel 9 2436:2 Samuel 5 2416:1 Samuel 9 2412:2 Samuel 6 2330:Bava Basra 2261:Septuagint 2106:the pillar 2015:Baal Hazor 1997:, king of 1846:, king of 1685:Geshurites 1657:Achimelech 1470:Amalekites 1272:Ephraimite 1144:Septuagint 1075:Israelites 1051:1–2 Samuel 607:1–2 Samuel 583:Historical 539:Pentateuch 498:Chronicles 468:Historical 345:(Writings) 145:(Prophets) 7247:Johannine 7107:2 Timothy 7102:1 Timothy 7070:Ephesians 7065:Galatians 6853:Psalm 151 6721:apocrypha 6699:Zechariah 6689:Zephaniah 6574:1–2 Kings 6539:Leviticus 6220:Obed-Edom 6120:Jebusites 6051:Eliphalet 6026:Carmelite 6011:Bathsheba 6006:Barzillai 5996:Ashurites 5966:Ammonites 5936:Ahitophel 5926:Ahimelech 5799:Hadadezer 5661:Jerusalem 5557:Euphrates 5522:Beth-shan 5517:Bethlehem 5502:Beersheba 5163:Ashtaroth 4983:Ahimelech 4599:Bethlehem 4579:Beersheba 4345:Christian 4277:from the 4268:from the 4040:. Brill. 3920:0041-0608 3672:. Brill. 3594:. Brill. 3399:Dick 2004 3160:Auld 2003 2849:Citations 2584:Bathsheba 2562:, killed. 2560:Amalekite 2516:Jebusites 2448:1 Kings 1 2340:up until 2281:Catholics 2036:Ahitophel 1944:Bathsheba 1872:Obed-Edom 1836:Jebusites 1834:from the 1832:Jerusalem 1737:Beth Shan 1603:Ahimelech 1601:, son of 1564:showbread 1560:Ahimelech 1491:Bethlehem 1466:Zobahites 1458:Ammonites 1387:Eben-Ezer 1205:June 2022 1053:) in the 1039:ספר שמואל 908:Psalm 151 798:Zechariah 788:Zephaniah 691:Prophetic 612:1–2 Kings 558:Leviticus 403:(Scrolls) 315:Zechariah 305:Zephaniah 245:Yekhezqel 235:Yirmeyahu 225:Yeshayahu 100:Leviticus 50:(Judaism) 7461:Category 7360:Peshitta 7257:Catholic 7252:Pastoral 7237:Epistles 7230:Synoptic 7117:Philemon 6930:2 Baruch 6917:Peshitta 6891:Jubilees 6843:2 Esdras 6838:1 Esdras 6733:Catholic 6684:Habakkuk 6629:Jeremiah 6609:Proverbs 6589:Nehemiah 6269:Shammuah 6234:Phaltiel 6130:Jehoiada 6125:Jedidiah 6056:Elishama 5976:Amorites 5901:Adonijah 5881:Abinadab 5871:Abiathar 5843:Prophets 5691:Mahanaim 5681:Lo-debar 5537:Damascus 5507:Berothah 5477:Ashkelon 5335:chapters 5123:Phinehas 5113:Peninnah 5053:Jonathan 5008:Amorites 4933:Abiathar 4819:Shaaraim 4760:Michmash 4700:Hachilah 4660:Eshtemoa 4625:Ebenezer 4605:Bethshan 4601:(-Judah) 4569:Ashkelon 4399:chapters 4254:LibriVox 4240:LibriVox 4191:שמואל ב 4177:שמואל א 3928:23261258 3716:Archived 3530:2 Samuel 2802:See also 2596:Adonijah 2385:Hezekiah 2255:Versions 2189:Psalm 18 2158:Amorites 2098:Mahanaim 2091:En Rogel 1899:Arameans 1895:Edomites 1891:Moabites 1743:2 Samuel 1691:and the 1630:Calebite 1599:Abiathar 1462:Edomites 1454:Moabites 1442:Jonathan 1308:Nazirite 1280:Peninnah 1252:1 Samuel 1098:prophets 961:Josippon 946:Jubilees 898:2 Esdras 893:1 Esdras 783:Habakkuk 715:Jeremiah 666:Proverbs 627:Nehemiah 482:Daniyyel 400:Megillot 374:Proverbs 368:Tehillim 300:Habakkuk 231:Jeremiah 200:Melakhim 180:Shofetim 170:Yehoshua 114:Bemidbar 84:Bereshit 7517:Nevi'im 7433:Studies 7401:Related 7372:Vulgate 7242:Pauline 7220:Gospels 7137:2 Peter 7132:1 Peter 7122:Hebrews 7025:Matthew 6915:Syriac 6801:Susanna 6704:Malachi 6664:Obadiah 6639:Ezekiel 6544:Numbers 6529:Genesis 6502:of the 6435:Sources 6334:Zeruiah 6304:Solomon 6299:Syrians 6279:Shimeah 6264:Seraiah 6224:Gittite 6150:Jonadab 6080:Archite 6071:Hivites 6066:Goliath 6061:Elishua 6036:Elhanan 6016:Benaiah 5981:Archite 5921:Ahimaaz 5896:Absalom 5886:Abishai 5876:Abigail 5780:Persons 5731:Rogelim 5666:Jezreel 5656:Jericho 5621:Gittaim 5552:Enrogel 5527:Bithron 5497:Bahurim 5259:Sources 5138:Zeruiah 5063:Kenites 5033:Ichabod 5018:Elkanah 4988:Ahinoam 4978:Ahimaaz 4973:Ahinoam 4948:Abishai 4943:Abigail 4888:Persons 4834:Shochoh 4735:Jezreel 4710:Havilah 4589:Bethcar 4544:Aijalon 4539:Adullam 3497:Sources 2792:Solomon 2775:). The 2608:Various 2592:Solomon 2552:Goliath 2471:Sources 2269:Vulgate 2228:Araunah 2113:Cushite 2087:Ahimaaz 2071:Bahurim 2051:Levites 2008:Absalom 2003:Jonadab 1964:Solomon 1844:Hiram I 1733:Astarte 1693:Kenites 1669:Zeruiah 1667:son of 1665:Abishai 1661:Hittite 1646:Ahinoam 1642:Jezreel 1638:Abigail 1618:En Gedi 1584:Adullam 1514:Goliath 1507:harpist 1356:Ichabod 1268:Elkanah 1195:Please 1188:may be 1142:In the 1133:Solomon 803:Malachi 763:Obadiah 725:Ezekiel 563:Numbers 548:Genesis 449:Qohelet 378:Mishlei 340:Ketuvim 320:Malachi 280:Obadiah 241:Ezekiel 190:Shemuel 140:Nevi'im 124:Devarim 110:Numbers 104:Wayiqra 80:Genesis 7466:Portal 7343:Targum 7152:3 John 7147:2 John 7142:1 John 7050:Romans 7003:Jewish 6828:Others 6787:Baruch 6782:Sirach 6777:Wisdom 6757:Judith 6742:Others 6694:Haggai 6644:Daniel 6624:Isaiah 6604:Psalms 6594:Esther 6559:Judges 6554:Joshua 6534:Exodus 6374:Shofar 6289:Shobab 6284:Shimei 6254:Rizpah 6249:Rimmon 6244:Rechab 6210:Nepheg 6205:Nachon 6195:Michal 6175:Machir 6170:Maacah 6115:Japhia 6076:Hushai 6041:Eliada 6001:Baanah 5991:Asahel 5986:Armoni 5961:Ammiel 5941:Ahitub 5916:Ahilud 5911:Adriel 5906:Adoram 5864:Others 5855:Nathan 5829:Talmai 5819:Nahash 5787:Rulers 5766:Ziklag 5741:Tekoah 5726:Rabbah 5686:Maacah 5631:Hebron 5611:Gilead 5596:Gibeon 5591:Gibeah 5572:Geshur 5462:Arabah 5440:Places 5168:Baalim 5108:Phalti 5098:Michal 5028:Hophni 5023:Hannah 4993:Ahitub 4968:Ahijah 4958:Achish 4926:Others 4912:Samuel 4869:Ziklag 4864:Zelzah 4859:Zeboim 4839:Shunem 4829:Shiloh 4814:Ramoth 4799:Ophrah 4789:Naioth 4775:Mizpeh 4770:Mizpah 4765:Migron 4745:Keilah 4730:Jattir 4720:Hormah 4715:Hebron 4705:Hareth 4695:Gilgal 4690:Gilboa 4685:Gibeah 4665:Gallim 4645:Engedi 4615:Carmel 4594:Bethel 4574:Azekah 4564:Ashdod 4532:Places 4313:Judges 4199:Hebrew 4185:Hebrew 4151: 4130: 4109: 4088: 4065: 4044: 4004: 3983: 3963: 3945: 3926: 3918: 3889: 3868: 3845: 3822: 3801: 3778: 3757: 3736: 3676: 3653: 3630: 3598: 3575: 3537: 3516: 2721:Yahweh 2715:Samuel 2709:Samuel 2695:Samuel 2691:Yahweh 2677:, 1645 2667:Samuel 2663:Hannah 2654:Themes 2578:", in 2556:Michal 2534:medium 2389:Josiah 2374:Judges 2370:Joshua 2350:Nathan 2338:Samuel 2334:Talmud 2141:Gibeon 2075:Shimei 2063:Arkite 2059:Hushai 1999:Geshur 1995:Talmai 1991:Maacah 1971:Rabbah 1883:Nathan 1817:Baanah 1813:Rechab 1802:Rizpah 1795:Jordan 1790:Asahel 1773:Hebron 1713:Ziklag 1644:named 1632:named 1607:Keilah 1588:Mizpah 1572:Achish 1530:Michal 1526:Adriel 1464:, the 1460:, the 1456:, the 1408:Abijah 1383:Mizpah 1312:Samson 1304:Samuel 1296:Shiloh 1284:Hannah 1232:Samuel 1169:, 1878 1125:Israel 1109:Yahweh 1094:Nathan 1086:Samuel 1067:Judges 1063:Joshua 1035:Hebrew 868:Baruch 863:Sirach 838:Judith 793:Haggai 730:Daniel 710:Isaiah 661:Psalms 647:Wisdom 632:Esther 597:Judges 592:Joshua 553:Exodus 478:Daniel 455:Esther 439:Eikhah 364:Psalms 354:Poetic 343: 310:Haggai 255:Minor 221:Isaiah 210:Latter 186:Samuel 176:Judges 166:Joshua 155:Former 143: 94:Shemot 90:Exodus 68: 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