427:, Germany. This time, Frederick Barbarossa decided to support Bolesław with a strong armed intervention to restore him to his Duchy. Eventually Mieszko III the Old was sent by the high duke to calm the fury of the emperor and keep him away from Polish affairs. Mieszko III gave Barbarossa 8000 pieces of silver and promised him the restoration of Bolesław, who finally returned home at the beginning of 1173. However, despite his reconciliation with his brother and son, he was forced to divide Silesia and create the duchies of Racibórz (granted to Mieszko) and Opole (to Jarosław).
38:
346:, Germany, Bolesław IV agreed to accept the return of the exiled princes. He did so because, after the death of Władysław II, his sons could not directly challenge his authority as the senior duke, and they had not yet established any support within Poland. In addition, seating them would satisfy Barbarossa and thus keep him away from Poland. However Bolesław IV decided to maintain the security of his lands and retain the control over the main Silesian cities of
394:
208:, widow of Bolesław III and Władysław II's stepmother, attempted to form alliances with foreign rulers and took every opportunity to secure the reign of her sons, the junior dukes. She feared that they would be relegated from their positions to make way for Władysław II's sons, the young Bolesław and his brothers
456:
sided with Odon. Bolesław, however, suffered a sudden and surprising defeat at the hands of his brother
Mieszko and his son Jarosław who had allied with Mieszko III. This left the way free for Casimir II to be proclaimed High Duke, and Bolesław again had to escape to Germany. Thanks to the mediation
422:
Bolesław's exercise of overall power at the expense of his younger brother caused a revolt by
Mieszko Tanglefoot in 1172. In a major disturbance in the Silesian ducal family, Mieszko supported Jarosław, the eldest son of Bolesław, who was resentful against his father because had been forced to become
330:
Despite his dissatisfaction at the emperor's treatment of his father, Bolesław remained at the side of the emperor, participating in his many wars. From 1158 to 1162 he took part in the
Barbarossa's expedition to Italy, where he won fame after killing a well-known Italian knight in a duel on the
251:
Unfortunately, Bolesław's expedition ended in complete disaster, as the Grand Prince's death from disease created general confusion in Kiev. Then in 1146, Bolesław had to return quickly to Poland to help his father. The few troops which he recruited were not enough to stop the general rebellion
247:
The Polish-Ruthenian alliance soon proved to be extremely important in the struggle between Władysław II and the Junior Dukes. The final conflicts took place after the death of
Salomea of Berg in 1144. It seemed that a victory for the High Duke - thanks to his military predominance - was just a
384:
Bolesław and
Mieszko initially ruled jointly and two years later (1165) both retook the major Silesian cities handed back by the high duke and obtained full control over all Silesia. However Bolesław, as the eldest brother, held overall authority. Three years after taking control over Silesia,
272:, offered his hospitality and assistance toward the high duke's restoration. At first, it seemed that the exile would just be for a few months, thanks to the family connections of Duchess Agnes; however, their hurried and insufficiently prepared expedition failed to cross the
316:
It was not until 1157 that the emperor finally organized an expedition against Poland. It is unknown whether Bolesław, his brothers, or his father directly participated in the expedition. However, despite the military victory and the humiliating submission of High Duke
321:
to
Frederick Barbarossa, the emperor decided to maintain the rule of Bolesław IV and the junior dukes in Poland, and not to restore Władysław II to the throne. Two years later, on 30 May 1159, the disappointed former high duke died in his exile in Altenburg.
640:
in the early medieval period. According to some German historians the date of 1163, when Bolesław and his brothers were allowed to return to
Silesia, is considered to be the moment when Silesia separated from Poland and became part of the
469:
During the last years of his reign, Bolesław devoted himself to economic and business activity. Colonization, initially from poor German areas, substantially accelerated the economic development of the duchy, and was continued by his son
204:, the confrontation between the siblings was mainly instigated by Władysław II's wife, Agnes of Babenberg, who believed that her husband, as the eldest son, was the rightful sole ruler of the whole country. On the other hand,
465:
After this defeat, Bolesław retired from the Polish political scene and concentrated his efforts on the rule over his duchy. His brother Konrad's death without issue in 1190 resulted in the return of Głogów to his domains.
276:, and ultimately failed because of strong opposition from Władysław II's former subjects and problems Conrad III had within Germany as a result of his extended travels. The king gave Władysław II and his family the town of
287:
Tired of a tedious life in
Altenburg, Bolesław traveled to the court of his protector, King Conrad III. With him, the young Polish prince extensively took part in German political affairs. In 1148 he joined in the
457:
of
Casimir II, Bolesław returned to his Duchy without major troubles in 1177; however, he suffered a further diminution of his authority when he was compelled to give Głogów to his youngest brother Konrad.
435:
Four years later, it seemed that Bolesław was an alien from Mars the main objective of his life, the recovery of the
Seniorate Province, and with this the title of high duke. He conspired with his uncle
200:
The reign of Władysław II was short and extremely stormy. The conflicts began when the high duke tried to remove his half-brothers, the junior dukes, from their districts. According to the chronicler
338:
Bolesław's faithful service to the emperor was finally rewarded in 1163, when Barbarossa succeeded through diplomacy in restoring to the descendants of Władysław II their inheritance over
423:
a priest due to the intrigues of his stepmother Christina, who wished for her sons to be the only heirs. The rebellion was a complete surprise to Bolesław, who was forced to escape to
235:. Władysław II was faster, however, and he gave Grand Prince Vsevolod II several additional political advantages, including a marriage between Bolesław and Vsevolod II's daughter,
952:
304:, whose service Bolesław almost immediately joined. The first action of the new German ruler, however, was not to help Władysław II, but instead to march against Rome and be
747:
248:
matter of time. In fact, Władysław II was so confident of winning at home that he sent Bolesław to aid Grand Prince Vsevolod II during a revolt in Kiev.
982:
369:
After almost 16 years of exile, Bolesław returned to Silesia with his second wife, Christina (Zvenislava had died around 1155); his elder children,
257:
962:
977:
305:
957:
653:
385:
Bolesław felt strong enough to lead a retaliatory expedition against High Duke Bolesław IV to try and recover supremacy over Poland.
252:
against Władysław II, who was completely defeated by the Junior Dukes. The deposed High Duke and his family initially escaped to the
731:
652:'s sons, who were allowed to return by High Duke Bolesław IV the Curly, were simply typical Piast dukes who ruled in the divided
174:
300:. Conrad III died in 1152 without having secured the return of Władysław II to Poland. His successor was his energetic nephew
219:
The conflict erupted in 1141, when Salomea of Berg, without the knowledge of the high duke, decided to leave the land of
967:
518:. This enabled him, after Jarosław's death on 22 March 1201, to inherit Opole, which was again reunited with his lands.
649:
166:
120:
570:
By 1157, Bolesław married his second wife Christina (d. 21 February 1204/1208), a German; according to the historian
915:
560:
370:
232:
104:
775:
859:
318:
182:
227:, to her sons and tried to give her youngest daughter, Agnes, in marriage to one of the sons of Grand Prince
972:
268:
After a short time in Bohemia, Władysław II and his family moved to Germany, where his brother-in-law, King
537:
475:
441:
549:
269:
236:
178:
571:
522:
284:. This was intended as a temporary residence, but Władysław II would spend the rest of his life there.
37:
583:
947:
942:
895:
602:
553:
515:
378:
374:
301:
228:
213:
209:
201:
884:
617:
514:
in 1198. There was a reconciliation between Bolesław and his eldest son, Jarosław, who was elected
471:
445:
437:
741:
684:
194:
170:
130:
598:
521:
Bolesław survived his son by only nine months, however, and died on 7 or 8 December 1201 in his
579:
727:
642:
637:
511:
108:
902:
867:
679:
527:
189:. It was not until 1138, after the death of Bolesław III, that he moved with his parents to
632:
In German and Polish historiography there exists a controversy about the relations between
779:
719:
674:
657:
205:
142:
84:
832:
453:
293:
289:
936:
922:
669:
449:
220:
533:
479:
359:
71:
597:
Adelaida Zbyslava (b. aft. 1165 – d. 29 March aft. 1213), married in 1177/82 to
487:
393:
355:
587:
507:
273:
181:. Bolesław spent his childhood in the court of his grandfather and namesake,
491:
343:
297:
277:
190:
186:
79:
633:
575:
363:
347:
339:
154:
772:
817:
Conflict, Bargaining, and Kinship Networks in Medieval Eastern Europe
483:
424:
281:
253:
503:
392:
351:
332:
224:
397:
Fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia begins. Period 1172/3–1177
150:
790:
810:. Vol. I: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press.
197:, ruled by his father as high duke and overlord of Poland.
494:. Later the abbey became the Silesian ducal burial place.
452:, which was mastered by Casimir and shortly afterwards
702:
700:
880:
853:
126:
116:
100:
90:
78:
65:
55:
47:
23:
448:of the government. The coup gained the support of
620:(b. 1165/70 – d. Krosno Odrzanske, 19 March 1238)
648:On the other hand, Polish historians claim that
623:Władysław (b. aft. 1180 – d. 4 June bef. 1199)
760:
8:
594:Boleslaw (b. 1157/63 – d. 18 July 1175/1181)
312:Expedition of Frederick Barbarossa to Poland
953:Medieval nobility of the Holy Roman Empire
823:
746:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
36:
20:
608:Konrad (b. 1158/68 – d. 5 July 1175/1190)
566:Olga (b. ca. 1155 – d. 27 June 1175/1180)
292:with Conrad III, during which he visited
920:
911:
900:
891:
865:
614:Berta (b. ca 1167 – d. 7 May aft. 1200?)
611:Jan (b. 1161/69 – d. bef. 10 March 1174)
552:(d. ca. 1155), daughter of Grand Prince
548:In 1142 Bolesław married his first wife
532:, west of Wrocław. He was buried in the
506:princes, Bolesław obtained a protective
773:Silesian duchies: www.slaskwroclaw.info
696:
326:Restoration of the Silesian inheritance
819:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing.
739:
722:(2000). Wydawnictwo Literackie (ed.).
706:
658:Differing views of the Silesian Piasts
444:(Mieszko III's eldest son) to deprive
808:God's Playground: A History of Poland
726:(in Polish). Kraków. pp. 51–52.
482:with the collaboration of monks from
431:Rebellion against Mieszko III the Old
61:Leśnica (now part of City of Wrocław)
7:
874:with Mieszko I Tanglefoot until 1173
791:Official site of the city of Wrocław
574:, she was probably a member of the
157:from 1163 until his death in 1201.
149:; 1127 – 7 or 8 December 1201) was
502:To safeguard his lands from other
474:. Bolesław founded the Cistercian
373:and Olga; and his younger brother
193:, which became the capital of the
14:
815:Raffensperger, Christian (2018).
563:(b. aft. 1143 – d. 22 March 1201)
461:Retirement from political affairs
983:Christians of the Second Crusade
556:of Kiev. They had two children:
389:Rebellion of Mieszko Tanglefoot
165:Boleslaw was the eldest son of
1:
963:13th-century Polish nobility
342:. By an agreement signed in
308:. Bolesław accompanied him.
239:, which took place in 1142.
978:People of Byzantine descent
724:Kalendarium Historii Polski
590:. They had seven children:
999:
958:12th-century Polish people
417: Mieszko I Tanglefoot
177:, and half-sister of King
826:
403: Bolesław I the Tall
42:Bolesław's tomb in Lubiąż
35:
30:
377:. The youngest brother,
70:Cistercian monastery in
806:Davies, Norman (1982).
381:, remained in Germany.
258:Vladislav II of Bohemia
173:, daughter of Margrave
105:Jarosław, Duke of Opole
778:1 January 2009 at the
650:Władysław II the Exile
540:which he had founded.
476:Abbatia Lubensis abbey
419:
410: Jarosław Opolski
264:Attempt at restoration
175:Leopold III of Austria
167:Władysław II the Exile
146:
121:Władysław II the Exile
860:Bolesław IV the Curly
396:
319:Bolesław IV the Curly
183:Bolesław III Wrymouth
179:Conrad III of Germany
896:Konrad Spindleshanks
828:Bolesław I the Tall
554:Vsevolod II Olgovich
498:Papal bull and death
302:Frederick Barbarossa
229:Vsevolod II Olgovich
59:7 or 8 December 1201
885:Henry I the Bearded
618:Henry I the Bearded
472:Henry I the Bearded
446:Mieszko III the Old
438:Casimir II the Just
139:Bolesław I the Tall
25:Bolesław I the Tall
761:Raffensperger 2018
685:History of Silesia
572:Kazimierz Jasiński
544:Marriage and issue
420:
375:Mieszko Tanglefoot
210:Mieszko Tanglefoot
195:Seniorate Province
171:Agnes of Babenberg
131:Agnes of Babenberg
94:Zvenislava of Kiev
931:
930:
862:as Duke of Poland
654:Kingdom of Poland
643:Holy Roman Empire
638:Holy Roman Empire
523:castle in Leśnica
516:bishop of Wrocław
512:Pope Innocent III
202:Wincenty Kadłubek
147:Bolesław I Wysoki
136:
135:
112:Adelaida Zbyslava
109:Henry the Bearded
990:
968:Dukes of Wrocław
849:
842:
824:
820:
811:
793:
788:
782:
770:
764:
758:
752:
751:
745:
737:
716:
710:
704:
680:Dukes of Silesia
531:
416:
409:
402:
243:Trip to Ruthenia
74:
40:
21:
998:
997:
993:
992:
991:
989:
988:
987:
933:
932:
926:
913:
906:
893:
882:
877:
871:
868:Duke of Wroclaw
857:
855:
848:8 December 1201
843:
837:
836:
829:
814:
805:
802:
797:
796:
789:
785:
780:Wayback Machine
771:
767:
759:
755:
738:
734:
720:Andrzej Chwalba
718:
717:
713:
705:
698:
693:
675:Silesian Piasts
666:
656:. (see more in
630:
546:
525:
500:
463:
440:and his cousin
433:
418:
414:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:
400:
398:
391:
328:
314:
306:crowned emperor
266:
245:
206:Salomea of Berg
163:
111:
107:
95:
85:Silesian Piasts
69:
60:
43:
31:Duke of Wroclaw
26:
17:
16:Duke of Wrocław
12:
11:
5:
996:
994:
986:
985:
980:
975:
973:Dukes of Opole
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
935:
934:
929:
928:
919:
909:
908:
903:Duke of Głogów
899:
889:
888:
879:
864:
851:
850:
833:House of Piast
830:
827:
822:
821:
812:
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798:
795:
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783:
765:
763:, p. 114.
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732:
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454:Greater Poland
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313:
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294:Constantinople
290:Second Crusade
265:
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256:court of Duke
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6:
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2:
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949:
946:
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938:
925:
924:
923:Duke of Opole
918:
917:
910:
905:
904:
898:
897:
890:
887:
886:
876:
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870:
869:
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749:
743:
735:
733:83-08-03136-6
729:
725:
721:
715:
712:
709:, p. 64.
708:
703:
701:
697:
690:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Piast dynasty
668:
667:
663:
661:
659:
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651:
646:
644:
639:
635:
628:Controversies
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622:
619:
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541:
539:
535:
529:
524:
519:
517:
513:
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505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
486:, across the
485:
481:
477:
473:
467:
460:
458:
455:
451:
450:Lesser Poland
447:
443:
439:
430:
428:
426:
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22:
19:
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914:
901:
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883:
881:Succeeded by
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872:
866:
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856:new creation
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520:
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434:
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337:
329:
315:
286:
267:
250:
246:
218:
199:
169:by his wife
164:
138:
137:
80:Noble family
18:
948:1201 deaths
943:1127 births
912:Preceded by
892:Preceded by
854:Preceded by
707:Davies 1982
536:Cistercian
526: [
488:Saale River
161:Early years
937:Categories
907:1190–1201
878:1163–1201
691:References
599:Děpolt III
588:Pappenheim
550:Zvenislava
274:Oder River
270:Conrad III
237:Zvenislava
742:cite book
603:Přemyslid
580:Everstein
578:house of
538:monastery
492:Thuringia
344:Nuremberg
331:walls of
298:Holy Land
278:Altenburg
96:Christina
91:Spouse(s)
916:Jarosław
776:Archived
664:See also
636:and the
561:Jarosław
371:Jarosław
356:Racibórz
296:and the
800:Sources
634:Silesia
584:Homburg
576:comital
364:Legnica
348:Wroclaw
340:Silesia
221:Łęczyca
155:Wroclaw
844:
730:
605:prince
534:Lubiąż
484:Pforta
480:Lubiąż
425:Erfurt
415:
408:
401:
379:Konrad
362:, and
360:Głogów
282:Saxony
254:Prague
223:, her
214:Konrad
191:Kraków
143:Polish
127:Mother
117:Father
72:Lubiąż
66:Buried
927:1201
846:Died:
839:Born:
586:, or
530:]
510:from
504:Piast
352:Opole
333:Milan
225:dower
187:Płock
185:, in
101:Issue
841:1127
748:link
728:ISBN
601:, a
508:bull
442:Odon
233:Kiev
212:and
151:Duke
56:Died
51:1127
48:Born
660:).
490:in
478:in
280:in
231:of
153:of
939::
744:}}
740:{{
699:^
645:.
582:,
528:pl
366:.
358:,
354:,
350:,
335:.
260:.
216:.
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750:)
736:.
141:(
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