100:
113:
126:
88:
36:
521:
numbered 792, the wounded 914 (several of whom died of their wounds, bringing the final death toll to 816); this was therefore both the heaviest (in terms both of number of bombers employed and bomb tonnage) and bloodiest air raid suffered by an
Italian city since the beginning of the war (both “records” would be exceeded, a mere six days later, by the first
717:
7,32 % were completely destroyed, and 30,41 % were damaged. In the
Lingotto district, where one of the main FIAT plants was located (thus resulting in this being one of the most bombed districts), 70% of all homes were destroyed; in the city centre, in the area between the Vittorio Emanuele II and Regina Margherita avenues and
716:
Five years of air raid caused heavy damage to the urban fabric of Turin, with no district escaping damage; 15,925 buildings were completely destroyed, another 66,169 were badly damaged and rendered uninhabitable. Out of 217,562 homes that existed in 1940, 82,077 suffered damage (38%); more precisely,
381:
Third “area bombing” raid; 194 British bombers (out of 228 that took off from
England; three were lost) dropped 371 tons of bombs on the FIAT plants and on the city, causing 67 dead and 83 wounded. Among the damaged buildings were the FIAT plants, the Arsenale, the Church of Sacro Cuore di Maria, the
554:
and the
Molinette hospital. Civilian casualties were relatively light (18 dead and 63 wounded), like in the previous raid and in the following one, compared to the extent of damage caused; the reason was that by now, over two-thirds of the entire population of Turin – about 465,000 people – had left
411:
Fifth “area bombing” raid: 118 British bombers (out of 133 that had taken off from
England; one was shot down by anti-aircraft batteries, crashing in the city centre) dropped 265 tons of bombs (123 tons of explosive bombs and 162 tons of incendiary bombs) all over the city, hitting the FIAT plants,
584:
ended the period of “area bombing” aimed at weakening the morale of the population; the subsequent raids on Turin were “precision” raids aimed at disabling factories engaged in wartime productions (in this case, the RIV workshops) and marshalling yards. However, low accuracy of bombing techniques
436:
Sixth “area bombing” raid by 196 Bomber
Command bombers (out of 227 that had taken off from bases in England, three of which were shot down), which dropped 393 tons of bombs. 73 people were killed, 99 were wounded; the FIAT plants were hit, as were the University and the ophthalmic hospital. This
520:
without water; in order to fight the fires, water had to be drawn from public and private-owned tanks, swimming pools and even from the sewers. The supply of both water and gas was interrupted for weeks, and the tramway network was completely knocked out. The dead among the civilian population
601:
Raid by the RAF, targeting the RIV workshops. Of the 76 bombers that participated in this raid, seventeen were lost and only six managed to reach Turin, none of which succeeded in hitting the designated target; the bombs fell on the city, but without causing any casualties.
398:
Fourth “area bombing” raid; eighteen Bomber
Command aircraft (out of thirty-six that had flown from England) dropped 28 tons of bombs on the FIAT plants and on the city, killing sixteen people and wounding fifteen. Bombs hit the FIAT plants, the San Giovanni hospital, the
296:
Raid by the Bomber
Command; 76 bombers took off from bases in England, part of which attacked Turin, whereas another part attacked Genoa (five bombers were shot down). The aircraft that attacked Turin dropped 75 tons of bombs, which fell on the city, causing two deaths.
724:
Businesses also suffered heavily: of 29,016 businesses, 10,424 suffered damage (over one third), as did 1,018 industries, of which 223 were completely destroyed, 315 partially destroyed and 480 damaged. All the major factories (FIAT, Lancia, SNIA Viscosa,
507:, and 285 tons of incendiary bombs). The entire city suffered heavy damage: among others, the Centro, Vanchiglia and Regio Parco districts were hit, as were the FIAT plants, the Gradenigo, San Giovanni and Mauriziano hospitals, the University,
502:
Another “area bombing” raid by the Bomber
Command: 264 RAF bombers, out of 295 that had taken off from England (thirteen were lost), dropped 763 tons of bombs on Turin (478 tons of explosive bombs, including eight 8,000-lb and 203 4000-lb
325:” raids by the RAF Bomber Command in autumn of 1942 took place. 71 British bombers dropped 121 tons of bombs on the Arsenale (Army munitions factory), the FIAT plants and large parts of the city. The FIAT plants were hit, along with the
563:
Last “area bombing” raid on Turin. 133 Bomber
Command aircraft, out of 154 that had taken off from England (four were shot down), dropped 208 tons of bombs on Turin, hitting the FIAT and Microtecnica plants, the Molinette hospital, the
651:
Raid by 100 B-17 and B-24 bombers of the 15th Air Force, targeting FIAT Lingotto and the marshalling yard. Much of the city also suffered damage (especially the Lingotto, Crocetta and San Paolo districts), with 54 dead and 95 wounded.
456:
After the autumn 1942 raids, more than 250,000 of Turin's 700,000 inhabitants left the city; nearly 2,000 homes had been hit, along with all major factories, four hospitals, and many churches and historic palaces. The
642:
bombers of the 15th Air Force, targeting the FIAT Aeronautica (aircraft factory), FIAT Ferriere (steel works) and FIAT Fonderie (foundry) plants; bombs also fell on the city, killing 37 civilians and wounding 42.
515:
was also hit by a bomb, which started a small fire that was however put out before it could cause serious damage. Firefighters carried out over 1,100 interventions, but the destruction of the water network left
481:
Another “area bombing” raid; 156 Bomber Command aircraft (out of 188 that had taken off from England; three were shot down) dropped 354 tons of bombs on the city, causing 29 deaths and 53 wounded. The FIAT and
549:
Another “area bombing” raid by the RAF: 142 bombers (out of 152 that had taken off from England; two were shot down) dropped 240 tons of bombs over the entire city, hitting among others the FIAT plants,
187:
First air raid on Turin. Along with the simultaneous attack on Genoa, this was the first air raid on an Italian city during World War II. Nine British bombers, out of 36 that had taken off from bases in
2531:
622:
Raid by sixty B-17s of the 15th U.S. Air Force, which dropped 156 tons of bombs on the RIV mechanical factory, the FIAT plants and the marshalling yard. Sixteen civilians were killed, 42 were wounded.
365:. 177 civilians were killed, and 120 were wounded. After this raid, the mass exodus of the population began. This was the heaviest air raid suffered by an Italian city since the beginning of the war.
614:, which dropped 316 tons of bombs on the RIV workshops, the marshalling yard and the FIAT plants. The targets were hit, but many bombs also fell on the city, killing 101 inhabitants and wounding 74.
437:
raid was not very concentrated, and was considered “disappointing” by the British commands, as the smoke from the still-raging fires caused by the previous raid diminished the bombers’ accuracy.
568:, and the Crocetta and San Paolo districts. The Mole Antonelliana was hit again, but did not suffer serious damage. In the near-deserted city, this raid only caused five dead and 56 wounded.
4108:
533:
Another “area bombing” raid, by 74 Bomber Command aircraft. 191 tons of bombs were dropped, causing 20 victims and 79 wounded. The Fiat plants, the railway workshops and the Porta Susa and
708:
Last air raid on Turin, by thirty B-24s and B-17s of the 15th Air Force, targeting the marshalling yard. Bombs also fell on the city, causing 70 dead and 128 wounded among the population.
4133:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3991:
2014:
445:
Seventh “area bombing” raid; bad weather prevented most of the eighty-two bombers that had taken off from England from reaching their objective. Half were unable to cross the
2524:
2472:
341:
Second “area bombing” raid; 198 British bombers (out of 232 which had taken off from bases in England; three were shot down) dropped 211 tons of bombs, including 120,000
4049:
2926:
2081:
630:
Raid by 100 bombers of the 15th Air Force, targeting FIAT Lingotto and the marshalling yard; bombs also fell on the city, killing ten inhabitants and wounding sixteen.
1962:
1907:
2517:
204:
Raid by twelve British bombers, targeting the FIAT Mirafiori plant. The bombs fell on the city, killing 18 inhabitants and wounding 83. One bomber was shot down.
593:) falling on the city, causing 202 dead and 346 among the civilian population, which had gradually returned to the city after the end of the raids in August.
2821:
4044:
3277:
3176:
3031:
2836:
2076:
428:, the Martini and Molinette hospitals. Smoke columns from the fires rose two and a half kilometres in the sky; 212 people were killed, 111 were wounded.
787:
Casualties among the civilian population, according to 1946 data from the Municipality of Turin, amounted to 2,069 dead and 2,695 wounded, whereas the
3841:
3756:
668:
Raid on the FIAT plants by the 15th Air Force, with sixty B-17 and B-24 bombers; many bombs fell on the city, killing 122 civilians and wounding 118.
3036:
2981:
2911:
2705:
2207:
2007:
1918:
1896:
1885:
3593:
2086:
1951:
740:), several other historic palaces (Palazzo Martini Cigala, Palazzo Valletta, Palazzo Solaro del Borgo, Palazzo Balbo Bertone, Palazzo D’Agliano,
3046:
2806:
2771:
2756:
1632:
1610:
1588:
1555:
1520:
1498:
1419:
1397:
3811:
2961:
2876:
2871:
2540:
2147:
3900:
3858:
3751:
3746:
3731:
3536:
3324:
3016:
2986:
2966:
2881:
2796:
2725:
2157:
2921:
1874:
3836:
3816:
3575:
3541:
3131:
3091:
2941:
2746:
2700:
2000:
4113:
4039:
3958:
3796:
3766:
3651:
3242:
3216:
3196:
3166:
3161:
3136:
3106:
3086:
2916:
2866:
2856:
2826:
2811:
2690:
2627:
2483:
2162:
2142:
534:
3791:
3726:
3611:
3605:
3563:
3303:
3151:
3071:
2956:
2901:
2776:
2761:
2152:
383:
1929:
3825:
3721:
3599:
3355:
3345:
3226:
3156:
3146:
3121:
3026:
2931:
2861:
2710:
2622:
2586:
313:
Turin was bombed again by dispersed bombers belonging to a group headed towards Genoa; two people were killed, ten were wounded.
3761:
3741:
3186:
3171:
2132:
2091:
421:
1863:
3970:
3021:
1487:
326:
4054:
3851:
2467:
565:
248:
Raid by the Bomber Command, targeting FIAT Mirafiori. The bombs fell on the city, killing one civilian and wounding six.
3524:
2107:
577:
272:
Another raid by the Bomber Command, which hit the city, causing another victim and eight wounded among the population.
212:
Raid by eleven British bombers, targeting the FIAT plants. The bombs fell on the city, causing damage to the San Luigi
3895:
3282:
3272:
2276:
2167:
639:
586:
3646:
3529:
2490:
2199:
305:
Some scattered aircraft of the Bomber Command, part of a group tasked with bombing Genoa, dropped bombs on Turin.
2127:
1852:
753:
749:
2556:
2462:
280:
Raid by the Bomber Command; bombs fell on the city, causing three deaths and six wounded among the population.
453:; only twenty-eight reached Turin and dropped 55 tons of bombs, which caused little damage and no casualties.
3976:
3181:
3096:
2658:
131:
412:
the municipal palace, the church of Madonna in Campagna (where 64 people were killed in the collapse of an
4128:
4123:
4118:
4068:
3942:
3937:
3674:
2561:
2292:
2112:
2045:
737:
581:
163:
1940:
744:, Palazzo Thaon di Revel, Palazzo del Seminario, Palazzo dell’Università , Palazzo della Prefettura), the
4083:
3360:
2256:
773:
769:
660:
Raid by 100 B-17s and B-24s of the 15th Air Force, targeting FIAT Mirafiori. Two dead and two wounded.
3669:
3329:
3308:
3257:
3116:
2477:
2241:
2236:
2055:
538:
400:
1992:
1841:
1819:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1775:
1753:
1731:
1709:
1687:
1665:
1643:
1621:
1599:
1577:
1566:
1531:
1509:
1476:
1430:
1408:
1349:
1314:
1266:
1255:
1209:
1150:
1128:
1117:
1095:
1060:
1038:
1016:
994:
972:
950:
928:
906:
884:
862:
840:
818:
732:
Cultural heritage also suffered heavy damage; among the badly damaged buildings were the palaces of
3806:
3700:
3267:
2831:
2643:
2380:
2183:
781:
765:
757:
425:
288:
Raid by the Bomber Command, targeting the FIAT plants; bombs fell on the city, killing a civilian.
174:, suffering damage to about 40% of its housing stock, and over 2,000 victims among its population.
256:
Another raid by the Bomber Command against Fiat Mirafiori; the bombs fell once again on the city.
3964:
3831:
3776:
3736:
3684:
3350:
3298:
2675:
2497:
2312:
2271:
2231:
2191:
2122:
2040:
761:
745:
362:
225:
3921:
3846:
3786:
3781:
3705:
3679:
3587:
3569:
3498:
3413:
3378:
3262:
3211:
3111:
2648:
2571:
2441:
2337:
2307:
1984:
1465:
788:
777:
741:
551:
512:
508:
342:
41:
3916:
3821:
3801:
3483:
3473:
3408:
3247:
3126:
3076:
2781:
2766:
2551:
2446:
2431:
2390:
2385:
2365:
2349:
2322:
2302:
2266:
2226:
733:
721:, repeatedly hit by the “area bombing” raids of 1942–1943, 58% of all homes were destroyed.
504:
470:
413:
387:
118:
3771:
3581:
3493:
3463:
3433:
2436:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2395:
2327:
2251:
1454:
522:
2509:
1973:
3874:
3641:
3488:
3448:
3438:
3418:
3383:
3041:
3001:
2891:
2332:
2317:
2261:
2246:
2137:
718:
611:
590:
193:
171:
93:
4102:
3503:
3478:
3428:
3423:
3403:
2851:
2715:
2370:
2344:
2117:
2071:
105:
3443:
3393:
2751:
517:
450:
322:
167:
149:
27:
2971:
35:
3626:
3458:
3066:
3006:
2846:
2375:
2297:
2035:
466:
350:
346:
3453:
3398:
2951:
2791:
213:
196:
plant. The bombs fell on the city, causing some damage and seventeen victims.
3468:
3388:
3081:
2976:
2936:
2896:
2576:
2566:
2050:
1830:
1764:
1742:
1720:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1360:
1325:
1277:
1244:
1220:
1198:
1161:
1139:
1106:
1071:
1049:
1027:
1005:
983:
961:
939:
917:
895:
873:
851:
829:
807:
768:, Santa Croce, Santi Martiri, Santissima TrinitĂ , and Spirito Santo). The
684:
Raid by five B-17s, with one dead and seven wounded among the population.
345:, on the FIAT plants and on the city. Damage was widespread; the FIAT and
3557:
3252:
2786:
2695:
2606:
726:
354:
229:
159:
3221:
3201:
3141:
3101:
2996:
2991:
2841:
2720:
2601:
1544:
Bombardate l’Italia: storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
1443:
Bombardate l’Italia: storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
1386:
Bombardate l’Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
1338:
Bombardate l’Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
1303:
Bombardate l’Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
1187:
Bombardate l’Italia. Storia della guerra di distruzione aerea 1940-1945
417:
358:
330:
264:
Raid by the Bomber Command. The city was hit, one civilian was killed.
189:
144:
and several other industries engaged in war production (including RIV,
676:
Raid by five B-17s, two civilians were killed and seven were wounded.
3011:
2801:
2741:
2685:
483:
145:
1952:
Gli altri. Fascismo repubblicano e comunitĂ nel Torinese (1943-1945)
791:
provides slightly different figures, 2,199 dead and 2,624 wounded.
170:; the Piedmontese capital was thus among the most bombed cities in
3191:
2946:
2906:
2816:
2653:
458:
154:
68:
64:
2886:
446:
240:
Another raid by the Bomber Command; the bombs fell on the city.
141:
2513:
1996:
462:
486:
plants were hit, as were the University and the city centre.
585:
resulted in many of the 168 tons of bombs dropped by the 81
1963:
SocietĂ italiana per lo studio della storia contemporanea
1908:
SocietĂ italiana per lo studio della storia contemporanea
692:
A raid by three B-17s caused two deaths and one wounded.
494:
Minor raid by the RAF, three tons of bombs were dropped.
373:
A minor raid by the RAF, six tons of bombs were dropped.
140:
Owing to its importance as an industrial center, home to
1853:
Torino 25 aprile 1945: è finita la guerra, ma anche no
748:, the Casa Broglia, and many religious buildings (the
589:
bombers (out of 99 that had taken off from bases in
4076:
4067:
4032:
4001:
3990:
3951:
3930:
3909:
3888:
3867:
3714:
3693:
3662:
3634:
3625:
3550:
3514:
3369:
3338:
3317:
3291:
3235:
3059:
2734:
2674:
2667:
2636:
2615:
2594:
2585:
2455:
2404:
2358:
2285:
2219:
2176:
2100:
2064:
2028:
1375:, in “Storia Illustrata” n. 164 (March 1972), p. 55
1292:, in “Storia Illustrata” n. 164 (March 1972), p. 55
1235:, in “Storia Illustrata” n. 164 (March 1972), p. 56
1176:, in “Storia Illustrata” n. 164 (March 1972), p. 56
1086:, in “Storia Illustrata” n. 164 (March 1972), p. 55
416:), the church of Santa Croce, the Vittorio Alfieri
541:and Santi Martiri churches and the Balbo Theatre.
4109:World War II strategic bombing by populated place
2023:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
333:. 42 civilians were killed and 72 were wounded.
232:plant, hitting both the objective and the city.
20:
4134:Military history of Italy during World War II
2525:
2008:
8:
1875:Torino 1915-2015, cento anni di cambiamenti
580:on Turin, now under German occupation. The
473:networks had also suffered serious damage.
449:, many others dropped their bombs over the
382:San Giovanni and Mauriziano hospitals, the
4073:
3998:
3864:
3631:
2671:
2591:
2532:
2518:
2510:
2473:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
2015:
2001:
1993:
1930:Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino
17:
3757:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
784:were also damaged, albeit not seriously.
1985:Torino 1938-45. Una guida per la memoria
756:), the churches of Madonna del Carmine,
386:. For the first time in Italy, 8,000-lb
800:
537:railway stations were hit, as were the
162:, suffered over a hundred raids by the
1466:La pioggia di bombe del 13 luglio 1943
2541:Strategic bombing during World War II
2468:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
1455:Cronologia dei principali avvenimenti
1350:Bombardamento Torino 11 dicembre 1942
1129:Bombardamento Torino 18 novembre 1942
7:
2463:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
1409:Bombardamento Torino 4 febbraio 1943
1315:Bombardamento Torino 9 dicembre 1942
2128:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
1542:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
1441:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
1431:Bombardamento Torino 13 luglio 1943
1384:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
1336:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
1301:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
1185:Marco Gioannini, Giulio Massobrio,
700:Raid by five B-17s, no casualties.
511:, and the Monumental Cemetery. The
2484:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
1488:Comando Vigili del Fuoco di Torino
14:
349:plants were hit, as were the AEM
2113:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
1578:Museo Torino – Mole Antonelliana
1477:Museo Torino – Mole Antonelliana
610:Raid by 118 B-17 bombers of the
321:The first of a series of seven “
124:
111:
98:
86:
40:Bomb-damaged buildings near the
34:
2041:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
1373:La R.A.F. cancella intere cittĂ
1290:La R.A.F. cancella intere cittĂ
1233:La R.A.F. cancella intere cittĂ
1174:La R.A.F. cancella intere cittĂ
1084:La R.A.F. cancella intere cittĂ
1061:Bombardamento 10 settembre 1941
1809:Bombardamento 27 dicembre 1944
1644:Bombardamento 1° dicembre 1943
1622:Bombardamento 24 novembre 1943
1256:Bombardamento 30 novembre 1942
1210:Bombardamento 28 novembre 1942
1151:Bombardamento 20 novembre 1942
973:Bombardamento 26 novembre 1940
951:Bombardamento 23 novembre 1940
885:Bombardamento 6 settembre 1940
729:, RIV) suffered heavy damage.
192:(two were lost), attacked the
1:
2046:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
1600:Bombardamento 8 novembre 1943
1267:Bombardamento 8 dicembre 1942
1118:Bombardamento 23 ottobre 1942
1096:Bombardamento 22 ottobre 1942
1039:Bombardamento 13 gennaio 1941
1017:Bombardamento 11 gennaio 1941
995:Bombardamento 4 dicembre 1940
929:Bombardamento 8 novembre 1940
907:Bombardamento 20 ottobre 1940
1820:Bombardamento 4 gennaio 1945
1798:Bombardamento 28 agosto 1944
1787:Bombardamento 24 agosto 1944
1776:Bombardamento 24 luglio 1944
1754:Bombardamento 22 giugno 1944
1710:Bombardamento 25 aprile 1944
1666:Bombardamento 3 gennaio 1944
1567:Bombardamento 17 agosto 1943
1532:Bombardamento 13 agosto 1943
863:Bombardamento 27 agosto 1940
841:Bombardamento 14 agosto 1940
819:Bombardamento 12 giugno 1940
578:United States Army Air Force
178:Chronology of main air raids
2056:Casablanca directive (1943)
1941:Il Corpo Pompieri di Torino
1842:Bombardamento 5 aprile 1945
1732:Bombardamento 4 giugno 1944
1688:Bombardamento 29 marzo 1944
1510:Bombardamento 8 agosto 1943
640:Consolidated B-24 Liberator
587:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
357:, the Maffei and Chiarella
4150:
2133:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
2077:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
1974:Atlante di Torino: incendi
384:Porta Susa railway station
158:, the regional capital of
4114:Military history of Turin
2547:
2123:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
1831:Bombardate l’Italia: 1945
1765:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1743:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1721:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1699:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1677:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1655:Bombardate l’Italia: 1944
1633:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1611:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1589:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1556:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1521:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1499:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1420:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1398:Bombardate l’Italia: 1943
1361:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1326:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1278:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1245:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1221:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1199:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1162:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1140:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1107:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1072:Bombardate l’Italia: 1942
1050:Bombardate l’Italia: 1941
1028:Bombardate l’Italia: 1941
1006:Bombardate l’Italia: 1941
984:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
962:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
940:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
918:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
896:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
874:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
852:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
830:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
808:Bombardate l’Italia: 1940
754:Basilica of Corpus Domini
750:Santuario della Consolata
79:
47:
33:
25:
2557:Aerial bombing of cities
2447:Light Night Strike Force
329:plants and the Nebiolo
132:Italian Social Republic
2562:Area bombing directive
2087:Sir Archibald Sinclair
2072:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
2051:Dehousing paper (1942)
738:Carlo di Castellamonte
582:Armistice of Cassibile
2232:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
2118:U-boat pens (1943–44)
2108:Oil targets (1940-45)
1919:Enciclopedia Treccani
1897:Enciclopedia Treccani
1886:Enciclopedia Treccani
1864:Politecnico di Torino
770:Royal Palace of Turin
2927:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
2659:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
2478:Defence of the Reich
401:psychiatric hospital
292:10/11 September 1941
55:June 1940-April 1945
4002:Mandatory Palestine
2381:Intruder operations
2195:("Dambusters" raid)
782:Basilica of Superga
441:11/12 December 1942
394:29/30 November 1942
377:28/29 November 1942
369:24/25 November 1942
337:20/21 November 1942
317:18/19 November 1942
260:26/27 November 1940
252:23/24 November 1940
3278:Rotterdam (Allied)
2498:Target for Tonight
2082:Sir Charles Portal
2036:Butt Report (1941)
1371:Giorgio Bonacina,
1288:Giorgio Bonacina,
1231:Giorgio Bonacina,
1172:Giorgio Bonacina,
1082:Giorgio Bonacina,
746:Villa della Regina
576:First raid by the
432:9/10 December 1942
343:incendiary devices
309:23/24 October 1942
301:22/23 October 1942
284:12/13 January 1941
276:11/12 January 1941
236:19/20 October 1940
228:attacked the Fiat
226:RAF Bomber Command
220:5/6 September 1940
166:air forces during
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4063:
4062:
3992:Mediterranean and
3986:
3985:
3884:
3883:
3621:
3620:
3394:Barrow-in-Furness
3379:Battle of Britain
3055:
3054:
2832:Freiburg (Allies)
2572:Strategic bombing
2507:
2506:
2442:No. 100 Group RAF
2187:(Friedrichshafen)
789:Italian Red Cross
778:Palazzo Carignano
742:Palazzo Chiablese
566:Mussolini stadium
559:16/17 August 1943
552:Palazzo Carignano
545:12/13 August 1943
513:Mole Antonelliana
509:Palazzo Chiablese
505:blockbuster bombs
477:3/4 February 1943
407:8/9 December 1942
388:blockbuster bombs
353:AEM, the Martini
268:4/5 December 1940
244:8/9 November 1940
208:26/27 August 1940
200:13/14 August 1940
138:
137:
75:
74:
42:Mole Antonelliana
4141:
4074:
3999:
3896:Allied Singapore
3865:
3632:
3590:(Czechoslovakia)
3273:Rotterdam (Axis)
2672:
2592:
2587:European theatre
2552:Area bombardment
2534:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2432:No. 6 Group RCAF
2366:Area bombardment
2350:Target indicator
2323:Blockbuster bomb
2138:Transport (1944)
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1927:
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1916:
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1905:
1899:
1894:
1888:
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1872:
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1428:
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1190:
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1148:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1093:
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1080:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1003:
997:
992:
986:
981:
975:
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964:
959:
953:
948:
942:
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931:
926:
920:
915:
909:
904:
898:
893:
887:
882:
876:
871:
865:
860:
854:
849:
843:
838:
832:
827:
821:
816:
810:
805:
734:Piazza San Carlo
688:27 December 1944
597:24 November 1943
490:13/14 April 1943
471:public transport
414:air raid shelter
130:
128:
127:
119:Kingdom of Italy
117:
115:
114:
104:
102:
101:
92:
90:
89:
49:
48:
38:
21:Bombing of Turin
18:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4059:
4028:
3993:
3982:
3947:
3926:
3905:
3880:
3863:
3710:
3689:
3658:
3617:
3546:
3510:
3371:
3365:
3334:
3313:
3287:
3231:
3177:Reggio Calabria
3051:
3032:Wiener Neustadt
2837:Friedrichshafen
2827:Freiburg (Axis)
2730:
2677:
2663:
2632:
2611:
2581:
2543:
2538:
2508:
2503:
2451:
2437:No. 8 Group RAF
2427:No. 5 Group RAF
2422:No. 4 Group RAF
2417:No. 3 Group RAF
2412:No. 1 Group RAF
2400:
2396:Shuttle bombing
2354:
2328:Earthquake bomb
2281:
2215:
2172:
2096:
2060:
2024:
2021:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1836:
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1803:
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1537:
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1526:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1000:
993:
989:
982:
978:
971:
967:
960:
956:
949:
945:
938:
934:
927:
923:
916:
912:
905:
901:
894:
890:
883:
879:
872:
868:
861:
857:
850:
846:
839:
835:
828:
824:
817:
813:
806:
802:
797:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
649:
636:
628:
620:
608:
606:1 December 1943
599:
574:
572:8 November 1943
561:
547:
531:
529:7/8 August 1943
500:
498:12/13 July 1943
492:
479:
443:
434:
409:
396:
379:
371:
339:
319:
311:
303:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
222:
210:
202:
185:
183:11/12 June 1940
180:
125:
123:
122:
112:
110:
99:
97:
96:
87:
85:
71:
39:
12:
11:
5:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3901:Axis Singapore
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3652:Allied Rangoon
3649:
3642:Burma campaign
3638:
3636:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3386:
3384:Baedeker Blitz
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:Kaiserslautern
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2491:Into the Storm
2487:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2318:"Monica" radar
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1955:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1889:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1757:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1535:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1445:, pp. 322-323.
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1294:
1281:
1270:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1224:
1213:
1202:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
932:
921:
910:
899:
888:
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
811:
799:
798:
796:
793:
774:Palazzo Madama
719:Piazza Statuto
713:
710:
705:
702:
697:
696:4 January 1945
694:
689:
686:
681:
680:28 August 1944
678:
673:
672:24 August 1944
670:
665:
662:
657:
654:
648:
645:
635:
632:
627:
624:
619:
618:3 January 1944
616:
612:15th Air Force
607:
604:
598:
595:
591:southern Italy
573:
570:
560:
557:
546:
543:
530:
527:
499:
496:
491:
488:
478:
475:
442:
439:
433:
430:
408:
405:
395:
392:
378:
375:
370:
367:
338:
335:
318:
315:
310:
307:
302:
299:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
245:
242:
237:
234:
221:
218:
209:
206:
201:
198:
194:Fiat Mirafiori
184:
181:
179:
176:
172:Northern Italy
136:
135:
108:
94:United Kingdom
82:
81:
77:
76:
73:
72:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
31:
30:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4146:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:1944 in Italy
4127:
4125:
4124:1943 in Italy
4122:
4120:
4119:1942 in Italy
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3989:
3979:(Philippines)
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:United States
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3826:10 March 1945
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3596:(Switzerland)
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Wilhelmshaven
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Gelsenkirchen
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Master Bomber
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Bomber stream
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Bouncing bomb
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2092:Arthur Tedder
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:, pp. 206-207
1304:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
996:
991:
988:
985:
980:
977:
974:
969:
966:
963:
958:
955:
952:
947:
944:
941:
936:
933:
930:
925:
922:
919:
914:
911:
908:
903:
900:
897:
892:
889:
886:
881:
878:
875:
870:
867:
864:
859:
856:
853:
848:
845:
842:
837:
834:
831:
826:
823:
820:
815:
812:
809:
804:
801:
794:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
722:
720:
711:
709:
703:
701:
695:
693:
687:
685:
679:
677:
671:
669:
663:
661:
655:
653:
646:
644:
641:
634:25 April 1944
633:
631:
626:29 March 1944
625:
623:
617:
615:
613:
605:
603:
596:
594:
592:
588:
583:
579:
571:
569:
567:
558:
556:
553:
544:
542:
540:
539:Santa Barbara
536:
528:
526:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
497:
495:
489:
487:
485:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
454:
452:
448:
440:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
406:
404:
402:
393:
391:
389:
385:
376:
374:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
308:
306:
300:
298:
291:
289:
283:
281:
275:
273:
267:
265:
259:
257:
251:
249:
243:
241:
235:
233:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
207:
205:
199:
197:
195:
191:
182:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
143:
133:
120:
109:
107:
106:United States
95:
84:
83:
78:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
43:
37:
32:
29:
24:
19:
16:
4069:North Africa
3971:Kuala Lumpur
3952:Other cities
3938:Pearl Harbor
3594:Schaffhausen
3551:Other cities
3339:Soviet Union
3206:
2772:Braunschweig
2752:Aschersleben
2735:Other cities
2496:
2489:
2482:
2211:(PeenemĂĽnde)
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
1980:
1969:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1914:
1903:
1892:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1815:
1804:
1793:
1782:
1771:
1760:
1749:
1738:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1595:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1426:
1415:
1404:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1356:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1321:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1289:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1113:
1102:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1067:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1023:
1012:
1001:
990:
979:
968:
957:
946:
935:
924:
913:
902:
891:
880:
869:
858:
847:
836:
825:
814:
803:
786:
766:San Domenico
758:Santa Teresa
731:
723:
715:
712:Consequences
707:
704:5 April 1945
699:
691:
683:
675:
667:
664:24 July 1944
659:
656:22 June 1944
650:
638:Raid by 150
637:
629:
621:
609:
600:
575:
562:
548:
532:
523:raid on Rome
501:
493:
480:
455:
451:Aosta Valley
444:
435:
410:
397:
380:
372:
340:
327:Westinghouse
323:area bombing
320:
312:
304:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
224:Aircraft of
223:
211:
203:
186:
168:World War II
153:
150:Snia Viscosa
139:
80:Belligerents
28:World War II
15:
4033:Other areas
3994:Middle East
3967:(Sri Lanka)
3627:Pacific War
3499:Southampton
3414:Bournemouth
3236:Netherlands
3067:Alessandria
3007:Schweinfurt
3002:SaarbrĂĽcken
2847:Halberstadt
2807:Dietzenbach
2757:Baden-Baden
2391:Pathfinders
2376:Firebombing
762:San Lorenzo
647:4 June 1944
535:Porta Nuova
467:electricity
422:Polytechnic
390:were used.
351:power plant
134:(1943-1945)
121:(1940-1943)
4103:Categories
3973:(Malaysia)
3961:(Thailand)
3842:Utsunomiya
3602:(Bulgaria)
3570:Hammerfest
3515:Yugoslavia
3484:Nottingham
3474:Manchester
3409:Birmingham
3361:Stalingrad
3263:Middelburg
2982:PeenemĂĽnde
2962:Nordhausen
2912:Königsberg
2877:Hildesheim
2792:Crailsheim
2706:DĂĽsseldorf
2338:Grand Slam
2286:Technology
2272:Wellington
2252:Manchester
2177:Operations
795:References
736:(built by
555:the city.
426:University
214:Sanatorium
4084:Fort Lamy
4050:Gibraltar
3910:Australia
3889:Singapore
3859:Yokkaichi
3852:June 1944
3832:Toyohashi
3752:Hiratsuka
3747:Hamamatsu
3694:Indonesia
3675:Hong Kong
3670:Chongqing
3614:(Croatia)
3608:(Austria)
3578:(Finland)
3566:(Ireland)
3560:(Hungary)
3537:Podgorica
3521:Belgrade
3494:Sheffield
3464:Liverpool
3434:Clydebank
3389:The Blitz
3351:Leningrad
3325:Bucharest
3283:The Hague
3258:Enkhuizen
3248:Eindhoven
3243:Amsterdam
3082:Benevento
3017:Stuttgart
2987:Pforzheim
2977:Paderborn
2972:OsnabrĂĽck
2967:Nuremberg
2937:Magdeburg
2897:Karlsruhe
2882:Innsbruck
2872:Heilbronn
2822:Frankfurt
2797:Darmstadt
2726:Wuppertal
2676:Battle of
2577:V-weapons
2567:Firestorm
2298:H2S radar
2247:Lancaster
2201:Hurricane
2185:Bellicose
2168:The Hague
2158:Pforzheim
2148:Heilbronn
2101:Campaigns
2029:Overviews
1546:, p. 209.
363:Synagogue
4024:Tel Aviv
3943:Unalaska
3877:(Taiwan)
3868:Colonies
3837:Toyokawa
3817:Shizuoka
3706:Surabaya
3701:Sukabumi
3685:Shanghai
3647:Mandalay
3584:(Norway)
3576:Helsinki
3572:(Norway)
3558:Budapest
3542:Sarajevo
3489:Plymouth
3449:Greenock
3439:Coventry
3419:Brighton
3330:Ploiești
3268:Nijmegen
3253:Enschede
3132:Grosseto
3117:Frascati
3092:Cagliari
3047:WĂĽrzburg
2942:Mannheim
2867:Hannover
2787:Chemnitz
2747:Augsburg
2701:Duisburg
2696:Dortmund
2678:the Ruhr
2649:Le Havre
2456:See also
2262:Stirling
2257:Mosquito
2227:Blenheim
2220:Aircraft
2193:Chastise
1388:, p. 209
1340:, p. 207
1189:, p. 208
780:and the
727:Michelin
518:hydrants
424:and the
361:and the
359:theatres
355:hospital
230:Lingotto
160:Piedmont
60:Location
26:Part of
4040:Bahrain
3965:Colombo
3959:Bangkok
3875:Taihoku
3797:Okazaki
3777:Nagaoka
3737:Fukuoka
3680:Nanjing
3504:Swansea
3479:Norwich
3429:Cardiff
3424:Bristol
3404:Belfast
3372:Kingdom
3318:Romania
3299:Frampol
3222:Viterbo
3217:Vicenza
3202:Trieste
3197:Treviso
3167:Pescara
3162:Palermo
3142:Messina
3137:Livorno
3107:Ferrara
3102:Catania
3097:Cassino
3087:Bologna
2997:Rostock
2992:Potsdam
2952:MĂĽnster
2917:Leipzig
2857:Hamburg
2842:Giessen
2812:Dresden
2782:Breslau
2767:Bocholt
2721:Krefeld
2691:Cologne
2668:Germany
2628:Tallinn
2616:Estonia
2595:Denmark
2359:Tactics
2333:Tallboy
2277:Whitley
2267:Ventura
2242:Hampden
2237:Halifax
2163:Dresden
2143:Hamburg
2065:Leaders
418:theatre
331:foundry
190:England
4045:Cyprus
3977:Manila
3922:Darwin
3917:Broome
3847:Yawata
3812:Sendai
3807:Rabaul
3792:Numazu
3782:Nagoya
3727:Aomori
3612:Zagreb
3606:Vienna
3588:Prague
3582:Namsos
3564:Dublin
3469:London
3444:Exeter
3370:United
3309:Wieluń
3304:Warsaw
3292:Poland
3212:Verona
3182:Rimini
3152:Naples
3112:Foggia
3072:Ancona
3012:Siegen
2957:Munich
2922:LĂĽbeck
2902:Kassel
2802:Dessau
2777:Bremen
2762:Berlin
2742:Aachen
2686:Bochum
2637:France
2308:"Oboe"
2203:(1944)
2153:Kassel
752:, the
484:Lancia
420:, the
164:Allied
146:Lancia
129:
116:
103:
91:
4055:Malta
4019:Jaffa
4014:Haifa
3822:Tokyo
3802:Osaka
3732:Fukui
3722:Akita
3715:Japan
3663:China
3635:Burma
3600:Sofia
3459:Leeds
3356:Minsk
3346:Gorky
3227:Zadar
3207:Turin
3192:Terni
3157:Padua
3147:Milan
3127:Gorla
3122:Genoa
3060:Italy
3042:Worms
3027:Wesel
2947:Moers
2932:Mainz
2907:Kleve
2862:Hanau
2852:Halle
2817:Emden
2711:Essen
2654:Royan
2623:Narva
2607:Rønne
2405:Units
2313:Gee-H
2293:Chaff
2209:Hydra
459:water
155:Turin
69:Italy
65:Turin
4077:Chad
4009:Acre
3787:Naha
3772:Kure
3767:KĹŤfu
3762:Kobe
3742:Gifu
3530:1944
3525:1941
3454:Hull
3399:Bath
3187:Rome
3172:Pisa
3077:Bari
2887:Jena
2644:Caen
2602:Nexø
469:and
447:Alps
347:SNIA
148:and
142:Fiat
52:Date
3022:Ulm
2303:Gee
463:gas
152:),
4105::
776:,
772:,
764:,
760:,
525:.
465:,
461:,
403:.
216:.
67:,
3828:)
3824:(
2533:e
2526:t
2519:v
2016:e
2009:t
2002:v
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