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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing

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470:(UPI) staff member had received a call earlier that night warning that a bombing would occur but did not take the call seriously. At about 3:50 AM, shortly after the bombing, UPI staff received a call from "General Gordon of the Confederate Underground" who said "We have just blown up the temple. This is the last empty building I'll blow up in Atlanta." The explosion caused damage to the building estimated at between $ 100,000 and $ 200,000 (approximately $ 1,056,055 adjusted for inflation). 2443: 451: 2430: 692:. She managed to interview George Bright for her book, although three of the other suspects had died before she could talk to them and the fourth hung up on her on learning that she was Jewish. Greene said "I wanted a deathbed confession," but she ended up being convinced of Bright's innocence by his denials of his involvement. 909:
Of the twelve rabbis whose stories are told, James A. Wax in Memphis, Tennessee, Charles Mantinband in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, Perry Nussbaum in Jackson, Mississippi, and Jacob Rothschild in Atlanta, Georgia, forsook the cautious approach and openly and effectively engaged in the struggle for black
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About three weeks after the bombing, 311 clergy members published a follow-up to the Ministers' Manifesto entitled "'Out of Conviction': A Second Statement on the South's Racial Crisis", which reiterated the tenets of the first manifesto and urged the governor of Georgia to form a citizens' committee
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George Bright's second trial began on January 12, 1959, with the state of Georgia waiving the possibility of asking for the death penalty. The trial ended on January 22, 1959, with George Bright again testifying to his innocence. The jury deliberated for two hours and eight minutes before returning
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By October 13, five suspects were in custody. One of them, Kenneth Chester Griffin, confessed almost immediately. He accused another one of the men arrested, George Bright, of masterminding the crime and of building the bomb. Griffin also told Atlanta detectives that the dynamite had been supplied
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The big blast is all set for either next Sunday or Saturday, if there is a local ordinance forbidding picketing, etc. on Sunday. We will know tomorrow and will keep you informed. But we want to have it Sunday, if possible, because the boys are coming down from New York for the work here — no
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Rothschild not only took an activist role in the struggle for racial equality, but, unlike some other pro-integration southern rabbis, was supported in his stance by a significant number of his congregants. The bombing ripped the delicate social fabric of Atlanta, which called itself the "city too
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congregation. The building was damaged extensively by the dynamite-fueled explosion, although no one was injured. Five suspects were arrested almost immediately after the bombing. One of them, George Bright, was tried twice. His first trial ended with a hung jury and his second with an acquittal. As
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Bright's trial began on December 2 with the prosecutor promising to show that Bright had been present when The Temple was bombed. He also said that Bright had gone to a meeting in May 1958 at which Temple rabbi Jacob Rothschild had been invited to speak and that, in reference to this meeting, had
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It is the harvest of defiance of courts and the encouragement of citizens to defy law on the part of many southern politicians. It is not possible to preach lawlessness and restrict it. To be sure, none said go bomb a Jewish temple or a school. But, let it be understood that when leadership in
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reported that the jury was deadlocked 9 to 3, but did not report which way the jurors were split; the trial judge ordered them to continue their deliberations. On December 10, the judge declared a mistrial as the jurors remained "hopelessly deadlocked." The jury foreman told reporters that the
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Paul Webb announced during Bright's trial that his prosecution of the remaining defendants would be guided by its result. After Bright's acquittal, Webb was unsure whether his office would proceed with the prosecution of Allen, Griffin, and Richard Bolling, the three defendants remaining under
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On December 3, the state of Georgia produced a note that Bright (admittedly) had written to Rothschild after the May meeting informing him that "You are going to experience the most terrifying thing in your life." On December 4, a witness testified that Bright had been friendly with noted
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had written to Allen in July 1958 and mentioned a "big blast." Rockwell told reporters that he had been referring to "a picketing demonstration and not to a bombing." Material found during the investigation also linked future NSRP vice-presidential candidate and former naval officer
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civil rights. ... ... the 1958 dynamiting of the temple in Atlanta resulted in wide support from both within and without the Jewish community, which for the temple's members 'finally exorcized the lingering trauma engendered more than forty years before by the trial and lynching of
607:. Bright's attorneys filed a motion arguing that the law Bright had been charged under, which allowed for the death penalty in cases of bombings of dwellings, did not include "houses of worship." This argument was dismissed by the judge, who ordered Bright bound over for trial in 882:
Frederick M. Binder (June 1999). "Review of The Quiet Voices: Southern Rabbis and Black Civil Rights, 1880s to 1990s. by Mark K. Bauman; Berkley Kalin; Struggles in the Promised Land: Toward a History of Black-Jewish Relations in the United States. by Jack Salzman; Cornel West".
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busy to hate," although it also elicited widespread support for Rothschild and the Temple from Jewish and non-Jewish Atlantans alike. For instance, by early November 1958, the Temple had received over $ 12,000 in donations to its rebuilding fund.
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panel had been split with 9 in favor of convicting Bright and 3 in favor of acquittal. One of the jurors in favor of acquittal told reporters that "You can't send a man to the penitentiary for life just because he's a Jew-hater."
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On October 17, one of the five suspects, Luther King Corley, was released and the other four, Wallace Allen, Bright, Griffin, and Robert A. Bolling, had been indicted by a Georgia state
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indictment. The prosecutor's office eventually dropped the charges against the remaining defendants and they were never convicted of any crime in connection with the bombing.
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guts in the local citizens — and we want to have Saturday to pass out thousands of handbills and put up posters to sort of steam things up for the big blow itself.
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The explosion occurred just after 3:30 AM Eastern Standard Time on October 12, 1958. Those who heard the blast reported a "loud explosion" to police and newspapers. A
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Bright's case was handed over to the jury on December 6 after he made a statement protesting his innocence and denying that he was an anti-Semite. On December 9
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charge of bombing The Temple. The grand jury also indicted a fifth suspect, Richard Bolling (Robert's brother), who was being sought by police.
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high places in any degree fails to support constituted authority, it opens the gates to all those who wish to take the law into their hands.
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The first suspect to be tried, George Bright, initially appeared before the court on December 1, 1958 represented by, among others,
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a verdict of "not guilty." Immediately after the trial ended, the presiding judge jailed Bright's lawyer, Reuben Garland, for
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Richard Bowling was arrested by Atlanta police on October 18 and, by October 22, all five suspects had been denied bail.
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a result of Bright's acquittal, the other suspects were not tried, and no one was ever convicted of the bombing.
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since 1946, was a highly visible and early advocate of civil rights and integration, supporter of the
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with the suspects. Crommelin went on to organize a legal defense fund for the accused bombers.
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Virginia H. Hein (1972). "The Image of "A City Too Busy to Hate": Atlanta in the 1960s".
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In November, 1959, George Bright sued Atlanta chief of police Herbert T. Jenkins for
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Counterblast: How the Atlanta Temple Bombing Strengthened the Civil Rights Cause
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Dynamite Bomb Damages Atlanta Temple; Shocks City, State, and Nation into Action
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told his neighbors that "we should go out there and string the rabbi up."
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Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events, 1940s–1970s
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Claude Sitton (December 11, 1958). "Mistrial Called in Bombing Case".
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20th-century attacks on Jewish institutions in the United States
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editor and outspoken voice of moderation on civil rights issues
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The bombing figures prominently in the play and adaptations of
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Rabble Rousers: The American Far Right in the Civil Rights Era
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published an account of the incident and its aftermath titled
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It Happened in Atlanta: Remarkable Events That Shaped History
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Fight Against Fear: Southern Jews and Black Civil Rights
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American Nazi Party in Arlington, Virginia 1958 - 1984
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agents were working on the case. They were joined by
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William Breman Jewish Heritage & Holocaust Museum
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to help with Atlanta's eventual school integration.
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Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple
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University of Georgia Press. p. 62. 623:and had regularly attended meetings of the 2562: 2536: 2420: 2406: 2398: 1990:Cotton States and International Exposition 1650: 1636: 1628: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1033:"Bail is Denied Five in Atlanta Bombing". 147: 133: 125: 31: 27:1958 terrorist attack in the United States 1217: 1215: 1171: 1169: 424:'s decision ending school segregation in 2728:October 1958 events in the United States 2718:History of African-American civil rights 2436:Jews and Judaism in Georgia (U.S. state) 1428:"Accused Testifies in Atlanta Bombing". 1314:"Atlanta Opens Case in Temple Bombing". 1309: 1307: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 983: 981: 846:Hatfield, Edward A. (August 12, 2020) . 749: 747: 745: 743: 741: 449: 312:University of Georgia desegregation riot 2207:History of African Americans in Atlanta 1028: 1026: 877: 875: 794:Stephen L. Vaughn (December 11, 2007). 709: 493:Investigation, arrests, and indictments 2743:Building bombings in the United States 1601:FBI file on the Atlanta Temple Bombing 1272:"First Trial Opens in Atlanta Blast". 823: 821: 819: 719: 717: 715: 713: 502:'s "big blast" letter to Wallace Allen 1694:Buildings listed on National Register 1141:. Globe Pequot Press. p. 113ff. 1075:Herman Obermayer (January 31, 2012). 860:from the original on November 3, 2021 345:Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple 7: 2703:Antisemitism in Georgia (U.S. state) 2248:Former neighborhoods and settlements 2010:Atlanta International Pop Festival ( 1374:"Jury Deadlocked in Bombing Trial". 1344:"Bombing Suspect Linked to Kasper". 1329:"Note Held a Link to Temple Blast". 1295:The Atlanta Journal and Constitution 1081:. Herman J. Obermayer. p. 174. 760:The Atlanta Journal and Constitution 605:National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan 1359:"Bombing Charge Goes to the Jury". 1202:"Atlanta Seeking Dynamite Expert". 797:Encyclopedia of American Journalism 779:"The Pulitzer Prizes: 1959 Winners" 2099:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike 1713:Demolished public housing projects 1443:"Engineer Freed in Temple Blast". 724:Claude Sitton (October 14, 1958). 462:'s pending response to the bombing 25: 2005:Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. 1504:Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal 416:" Jacob Rothschild, the temple's 339:occurred on October 12, 1958, in 2678:1958 crimes in the United States 2441: 2428: 1289:Tom Bennett (January 19, 1993). 726:"Temple Bombing Stirs Wide Hunt" 404:tied the bombing to the ongoing 61:Hebrew Benevolent Congregation ( 2202:History of Hispanics in Atlanta 1978:International Cotton Exposition 1858:Public schools cheating scandal 1834:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 1597:, Civil Rights Digital Library. 1447:. January 24, 1959. p. 17. 1432:. January 23, 1959. p. 12. 1417:. January 13, 1959. p. 14. 1378:. December 9, 1958. p. 49. 1348:. December 5, 1958. p. 20. 1333:. December 4, 1958. p. 29. 1318:. December 3, 1958. p. 31. 1278:. December 2, 1958. p. 41. 1208:. October 17, 1958. p. 23. 1037:. October 23, 1958. p. 19. 885:The Journal of American History 475:Georgia Bureau of Investigation 2713:Crimes in Georgia (U.S. state) 2227:History of the Jews in Atlanta 2022:Democratic National Convention 1222:Clive Webb (August 15, 2011). 1117:. October 18, 1958. p. 1. 754:Jim Auchmutey (May 29, 1996). 522:, founder and chairman of the 489:was the explosive agent used. 434:In 1957, he helped author the 1: 2358:Western and Atlantic Railroad 1956:Interstate 85 bridge collapse 1944:Bluffton University bus crash 1595:Temple Bombing (Atlanta, Ga.) 1500:"Files Suit for False Arrest" 1048:Clive Webb (March 15, 2011). 454:Memo (October 13, 1958) from 2683:1958 in Georgia (U.S. state) 1852:Shooting of Kathryn Johnston 625:National States Rights Party 566:reported on October 17 that 543:Knights of the White Camelia 524:National States Rights Party 116:; group involved was likely 2723:Jews and Judaism in Atlanta 2519:B'nai Torah (Sandy Springs) 2387:Timeline of Atlanta history 1938:Air France Flight 007 crash 1888:Northside Hospital shooting 1756:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 1525:University of Georgia Press 547:Christian Anti-Jewish Party 427:Brown v. Board of Education 422:United States Supreme Court 394:The day after the bombing, 2764: 2253:Annexations and city wards 2135:School bus drivers' strike 1876:Killing of Rayshard Brooks 1846:Day trading firm shootings 1517:Martin, Harold H. (2011). 468:United Press International 458:concerning FBI input into 2573:Greenfield Hebrew Academy 2499:Shearith Israel (Atlanta) 2464:Jewish history in Atlanta 2377: 2173:Atlanta Eagle police raid 1864:Shooting of Scout Schultz 1761:Battle of Peachtree Creek 800:. Routledge. p. 39. 676:Historiography and legacy 281:Savannah Protest Movement 232:Holmes v. City of Atlanta 168: 2603:The Atlanta Jewish Times 2524:Mickve Israel (Savannah) 1950:Tornado strikes downtown 1840:Otherside Lounge bombing 1736:Atlanta in the Civil War 1610:Wallace Allen's FBI file 1176:Clive Webb (June 2009). 853:New Georgia Encyclopedia 684:In 1996, Georgia author 650:Georgia Court of Appeals 2698:20th century in Atlanta 2331:Atlanta Transit Company 2263:History of Georgia Tech 2243:History by neighborhood 2152:Library perversion case 1703:(Atlanta in DeKalb Co.) 1698:(Atlanta in Fulton Co.) 1300:(subscription required) 956:(subscription required) 918:(subscription required) 765:(subscription required) 572:George Lincoln Rockwell 500:George Lincoln Rockwell 2547:Atlanta Jewish Academy 2509:B'nai Israel (Augusta) 1751:Battle of Jonesborough 1550:Greene, Melissa Faye, 848:"Ministers' Manifesto" 586:George Bright's trials 585: 535:Anti-Defamation League 509: 463: 432:Martin Luther King Jr. 387:A Church, A School ... 382: 323:United States v. Guest 2654:33.79815°N 84.38908°W 2306:George Floyd protests 1746:Battle of Ezra Church 1411:"Bomb Trial Starts". 453: 414:A Church, A School... 412:-winning editorial, " 406:civil rights movement 385:—Ralph McGill—" 317:Murder of Lemuel Penn 248:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 157:Civil Rights Movement 2494:Beth Jacob (Atlanta) 1766:Battle of Utoy Creek 1708:Demolished buildings 1565:Rosenberg, Adolph, " 1506:. November 19, 1959. 991:(October 13, 1958). 663:The other defendants 483:Dwight D. Eisenhower 460:Dwight D. Eisenhower 436:Ministers' Manifesto 397:Atlanta Constitution 389:" (October 13, 1958) 372:Atlanta Constitution 197:Albany Freedom Rides 2659:33.79815; -84.38908 2650: /  2514:Beth Israel (Macon) 2212:Demographic history 1984:Piedmont Exposition 1932:Winecoff Hotel fire 1619:George Bright's FBI 1573:, October 17, 1958. 1470:. January 26, 1959. 1256:. October 18, 1958. 1135:John McKay (2011). 1019:. October 13, 1959. 1017:The Tuscaloosa News 974:. 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Georgia 219:Leesburg Stockade 214:Americus movement 123: 122: 118:white supremacist 16:(Redirected from 2755: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2563: 2557:The Weber School 2537: 2504:Temple (Atlanta) 2486: 2469:Jews in Savannah 2446: 2445: 2444: 2437: 2432: 2422: 2415: 2408: 2399: 2342:Historic ferries 2337:Historic bridges 2159:Lonesome Cowboys 2105:Streetcar strike 1905:Opera in Atlanta 1731:Atlanta Campaign 1652: 1645: 1638: 1629: 1623:Internet Archive 1614:Internet Archive 1605:Internet Archive 1539: 1538: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1488:. 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Venable 513: 430:, and friend of 390: 349:Peachtree Street 341:Atlanta, Georgia 294:Other localities 275:City of Savannah 261:City of Columbus 208:City of Americus 171:State of Georgia 163: 149: 142: 135: 126: 53:October 12, 1958 44:Atlanta, Georgia 32: 21: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2688:1958 in Judaism 2668: 2667: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2629: 2613: 2582: 2578:Yeshiva Atlanta 2561: 2528: 2484: 2478: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2426: 2396: 2391: 2373: 2317: 2295:Freeway revolts 2289:Atlanta sit-ins 2277: 2231: 2178: 2140: 2081: 2076:Super Bowl LIII 2064:Summer Olympics 1961: 1914: 1910:Arts in Atlanta 1893: 1780: 1717: 1677: 1661: 1656: 1591: 1582:Southern Spaces 1547: 1545:Further reading 1542: 1535: 1527:. p. 289. 1516: 1515: 1511: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1462: 1461: 1452: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1313: 1312: 1305: 1299: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1271: 1270: 1261: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1236: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1182:Southern Spaces 1175: 1174: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1134: 1133: 1122: 1110: 1109: 1096: 1089: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1011: 1010: 1006: 987: 986: 979: 966: 965: 961: 955: 928: 927: 923: 917: 897:10.2307/2567542 881: 880: 873: 863: 861: 845: 844: 840: 827: 826: 817: 808: 793: 784: 782: 777: 774: 770: 764: 753: 752: 739: 723: 722: 711: 707: 678: 665: 641: 619:segregationist 601:Imperial Wizard 593: 588: 515: 511: 503: 495: 456:J. Edgar Hoover 448: 392: 384: 376: 362: 333: 328: 307:Augusta sit-ins 268:King v. Chapman 243:Atlanta sit-ins 225:City of Atlanta 202:Albany movement 177:Gray v. Sanders 164: 155: 153: 72: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2761: 2759: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2670: 2669: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2567: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2327: 2325: 2323:Transportation 2319: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2314:(2021–present) 2309: 2303: 2300:Occupy Atlanta 2297: 2292: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2273:Zero Mile Post 2270: 2268:Historic mills 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2217:Gentrification 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2117:Scripto strike 2114: 2111:Transit strike 2108: 2102: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2008: 2002: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1810:Temple bombing 1807: 1801: 1795: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1776:Stone Mountain 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1647: 1640: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1590: 1589:External links 1587: 1586: 1585: 1576:Webb, Clive. " 1574: 1563: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1509: 1491: 1473: 1450: 1445:New York Times 1435: 1430:New York Times 1420: 1403: 1381: 1376:New York Times 1366: 1361:New York Times 1351: 1346:New York Times 1336: 1331:New York Times 1321: 1316:New York Times 1303: 1281: 1259: 1254:The Times-News 1241: 1234: 1211: 1194: 1165: 1154: 1147: 1120: 1094: 1087: 1067: 1060: 1040: 1035:New York Times 1022: 1004: 977: 959: 943:10.2307/273521 937:(3): 205–221. 921: 871: 838: 815: 813: 812: 806: 791: 781:. pulitzer.org 768: 737: 708: 706: 703: 677: 674: 664: 661: 640: 637: 592: 589: 587: 584: 497: 496: 494: 491: 447: 444: 410:Pulitzer prize 364: 363: 361: 358: 330: 329: 327: 326: 319: 314: 309: 304: 291: 290: 283: 272: 271: 258: 257: 250: 245: 240: 235: 222: 221: 216: 205: 204: 199: 191:City of Albany 188: 187: 180: 169: 166: 165: 154: 152: 151: 144: 137: 129: 121: 120: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 73: 70: 67: 66: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 41: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2760: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2666: 2663: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2438: 2431: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2312:Stop Cop City 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167:Atlanta Pride 2165: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882:Spa shootings 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822:Child murders 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1792:Race massacre 1790: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1584:22 June 2009. 1583: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1560:0-449-90809-7 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1513: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1363:. p. 54. 1362: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1322: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1297:. p. C3. 1296: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1198: 1195: 1183: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1071: 1068: 1063: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1000: 999: 994: 990: 989:Claude Sitton 984: 982: 978: 973: 969: 963: 960: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 925: 922: 915: 913: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 878: 876: 872: 859: 855: 854: 849: 842: 839: 834: 833:Reading Eagle 830: 824: 822: 820: 816: 809: 803: 799: 798: 792: 780: 776: 775: 772: 769: 762:. p. 1B. 761: 757: 750: 748: 746: 744: 742: 738: 734:. p. 46. 733: 732: 727: 720: 718: 716: 714: 710: 704: 702: 700: 699: 693: 691: 687: 682: 675: 673: 670: 662: 660: 658: 653: 651: 647: 638: 636: 633: 628: 626: 622: 616: 612: 610: 609:Fulton County 606: 602: 598: 590: 583: 580: 578: 573: 569: 565: 561: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 531: 529: 525: 521: 514: 508: 501: 492: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 461: 457: 452: 445: 443: 439: 437: 433: 429: 428: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398: 391: 388: 381: 374: 373: 368: 359: 357: 354: 353:Reform Jewish 350: 346: 342: 338: 325: 324: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 302: 298: 297: 296: 295: 289: 288: 284: 282: 279: 278: 277: 276: 270: 269: 265: 264: 263: 262: 256: 255: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 233: 229: 228: 227: 226: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 210: 209: 203: 200: 198: 195: 194: 193: 192: 186: 185: 184:Bond v. Floyd 181: 179: 178: 174: 173: 172: 167: 162: 158: 150: 145: 143: 138: 136: 131: 130: 127: 119: 115: 114:anti-Semitism 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 80: 77: 74: 68: 64: 63:Reform Jewish 60: 56: 52: 48: 45: 42: 38: 33: 30: 19: 2635: 2607: 2601: 2595:Publications 2540:Atlanta area 2459:Antisemitism 2439:   2433:   2364:Trolleybuses 2258:Street names 2158: 2034:World Series 1996: 1828:Prison riots 1809: 1693: 1581: 1570: 1551: 1519: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1476: 1467: 1444: 1438: 1429: 1423: 1412: 1406: 1400:. p. 7. 1395: 1375: 1369: 1360: 1354: 1345: 1339: 1330: 1324: 1315: 1294: 1284: 1273: 1253: 1244: 1224: 1203: 1197: 1185:. Retrieved 1181: 1157: 1137: 1112: 1077: 1070: 1050: 1043: 1034: 1016: 1007: 1001:. p. 1. 996: 971: 962: 934: 930: 924: 908: 891:(1): 312–4. 888: 884: 862:. Retrieved 851: 841: 832: 829:"Rabbi Dies" 796: 783:. Retrieved 771: 759: 729: 696: 694: 689: 683: 679: 666: 657:false arrest 654: 642: 639:Second trial 631: 629: 617: 613: 594: 581: 563: 562: 551: 539:B'nai B'rith 532: 520:J. B. Stoner 516: 510: 505: 472: 465: 440: 425: 402:Ralph McGill 395: 393: 383: 378: 370: 367:Ralph McGill 336: 334: 321: 299: 293: 292: 285: 274: 273: 266: 260: 259: 252: 237: 230: 224: 223: 207: 206: 190: 189: 182: 175: 170: 101:Perpetrators 29: 2657: / 2302:(2011–2012) 2291:(1960-1961) 2161:police raid 2119:(1964–1965) 2101:(1914–1915) 1860:(2009–2015) 1824:(1979–1981) 1818:(1962–1963) 621:John Kasper 591:First trial 351:, housed a 112:apparently 71:Attack type 2672:Categories 2645:84°23′21″W 2642:33°47′53″N 2485:Synagogues 2474:Cemeteries 2347:Streetcars 705:References 554:grand jury 360:Background 1919:Disasters 1723:Civil War 1682:Buildings 912:Leo Frank 785:March 10, 446:Explosion 2606:(former 2369:Viaducts 2282:Protests 2197:Pioneers 1999:premiere 1973:Timeline 1187:March 8, 864:June 29, 858:Archived 667:Georgia 570:founder 487:dynamite 76:Dynamite 40:Location 2618:Museums 2533:Schools 1898:Culture 1666:Origins 1621:at the 1612:at the 1603:at the 1562:(1996). 905:2567542 603:of the 558:capital 161:Georgia 104:Unknown 93:Injured 79:bombing 65:temple) 2566:Merged 2452:Topics 2360:(1836) 2354:(1972) 2333:(1950) 2308:(2020) 2236:Places 2192:Mayors 2184:People 2175:(2009) 2169:(1971) 2163:(1969) 2154:(1953) 2137:(2018) 2131:(2018) 2125:(1977) 2113:(1950) 2107:(1916) 2095:(1881) 2078:(2019) 2072:(2011) 2066:(1996) 2030:(1994) 2024:(1988) 2007:(1968) 2001:(1939) 1992:(1895) 1986:(1887) 1980:(1881) 1966:Events 1958:(2017) 1952:(2008) 1946:(2007) 1940:(1962) 1934:(1946) 1928:(1917) 1890:(2023) 1884:(2021) 1878:(2020) 1872:(2018) 1866:(2017) 1854:(2006) 1848:(1999) 1842:(1997) 1836:(1996) 1830:(1987) 1812:(1958) 1806:(1915) 1800:(1911) 1798:Ripper 1794:(1906) 1558:  1531:  1232:  1145:  1085:  1058:  951:273521 949:  931:Phylon 903:  804:  343:. The 109:Motive 85:Deaths 58:Target 2352:MARTA 2086:Labor 1785:Crime 947:JSTOR 901:JSTOR 556:on a 528:alibi 498:From 418:rabbi 408:in a 365:From 347:, on 2145:LGBT 2058:2021 2054:1999 2050:1996 2046:1995 2042:1992 2038:1991 2016:1970 2012:1969 1556:ISBN 1529:ISBN 1230:ISBN 1189:2014 1143:ISBN 1083:ISBN 1056:ISBN 866:2022 802:ISBN 787:2014 335:The 50:Date 1580:." 939:doi 893:doi 537:of 518:by 479:FBI 369:'s 159:in 2674:: 2056:, 2052:, 2048:, 2044:, 2040:, 2014:, 1696:: 1569:" 1554:, 1502:. 1484:. 1466:. 1453:^ 1384:^ 1306:^ 1293:. 1262:^ 1252:. 1214:^ 1180:. 1168:^ 1123:^ 1097:^ 1025:^ 1015:. 995:. 980:^ 970:. 945:. 935:33 933:. 907:. 899:. 889:86 887:. 874:^ 856:. 850:. 831:. 818:^ 758:. 740:^ 728:. 712:^ 701:. 659:. 627:. 599:, 549:. 530:. 2610:) 2421:e 2414:t 2407:v 2060:) 2036:( 2018:) 1651:e 1644:t 1637:v 1537:. 1238:. 1191:. 1151:. 1091:. 1064:. 953:. 941:: 914:' 895:: 868:. 810:. 789:. 148:e 141:t 134:v 96:0 88:0 20:)

Index

Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple
Atlanta, Georgia
Reform Jewish
Dynamite
bombing
anti-Semitism
white supremacist
v
t
e
Civil Rights Movement
Georgia
Gray v. Sanders
Bond v. Floyd
Albany Freedom Rides
Albany movement
Americus movement
Leesburg Stockade
Holmes v. City of Atlanta
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing
Atlanta sit-ins
Atlanta's Berlin Wall
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
King v. Chapman
Savannah Protest Movement
Wright v. Georgia
Williams v. Georgia
Augusta sit-ins
University of Georgia desegregation riot
Murder of Lemuel Penn

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